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  • 2015-2019  (368)
  • OECD  (368)
  • Science and Technology  (366)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reference framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 65 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Research Infrastructures (RIs) are indispensable for enabling and developing research in almost all scientific domains and represent an increasingly large share of research investment. As policy makers, funding agencies and RI management are increasingly expected to justify key decisions about implementing new projects or investing in existing ones, there is a demand for credible methodologies for assessing the overall impact of RIs. This report proposes a “Framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures”. It aims to provide funders, decision-makers and RI managers with a generic and versatile tool, based on current community practices, to evaluate the achievement of scientific and socio-economic objectives in a realistic way. The framework can be adapted for different types of RIs and different stages in the RI lifecycle. This tool should facilitate the communication and reporting between different RI stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ffee43b-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BBVA big data on online credit card transactions : the patterns of domestic and cross-border e-commerce (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 278 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report uses a standard gravity setup to analyse the determinants of e-commerce, using data on online credit card payments by private Spanish customers of the multinational bank BBVA. The results show that the gravity model applies well to credit card payments, explaining up to 95% of the variation in the data. The analysis finds potentially large border effects for trade between any two regions or countries, implying that individuals tend to purchase more from their home region or domestically than from other places. The estimates also suggest that the effect of distance might be slightly less important for e-commerce transactions than for offline trade, although the death of distance hypothesis is clearly rejected by the data.
    DOI: 10.1787/8c408f92-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The road to 5G networks : experience to date and future developments (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 284 (July 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The fifth generation of wireless networks, 5G, represents an evolutionary process of previous generations of wireless networks (i.e. 2G, 3G, and 4G). This next generation of wireless technology is intended to provide 20 Gbps download speeds and latency of one millisecond (i.e. download speeds 200 times faster and one-tenth the latency of current 4G networks). This report examines what the future of 5G could mean for communication markets in terms of investment, good practices in spectrum management, competition, coverage and meeting the increasing requirements of the digital transformation. Case studies from OECD countries are the focus of the report, approaching the issue from a two-fold perspective: 5G national strategies, and technological trials. The report also explores how 5G may represent a paradigm shift, as it is the first standard conceived with the Internet of Things (IoT) world in mind, where different connected devices have diverse network requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/2f880843-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Good practice guide on consumer data (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 290 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce and discuss consumer policy issues associated with consumer data practices, offering greater insights into how consumer protection authorities can and have applied the principles in the Recommendation to address those issues. The guide focuses on selected consumer data practices, including: i) deceptive representations about consumer data practices; ii) misrepresentations by omission; and iii) unfair consumer data practices. It then provides key business tips to comply with consumer protection principles under the E-commerce Recommendation.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0040128-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Government Review of Sweden : Towards a Data-driven Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264489158 , 9789264584877 , 9789264554290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Sweden
    Keywords: E-Government ; Schweden ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Behörde ; E-Government
    Abstract: This digital government review asseses the state of data-driven policies and initiatives in the Swedish public sector. It explores the underlying institutional governance and co-ordination arrangements for digital government in the country, and their impact on policy implementation. It also discusses data-sharing and managing initiatives, data governance and open government data practices. The review looks at how Sweden could better share knowledge, promote innovation and improve collaboration both across the public sector and with external stakeholders. Finally, it highlights how the government can use data to build a closer relationship with citizens in order to address policy challenges, improve public service delivery, and, ultimately, strengthen public trust.
    DOI: 10.1787/4daf932b-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312012 , 9789264312029 , 9789264312036
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Going digital
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Digital technologies and data are transformational. People, firms and governments live, interact, work and produce differently than in the past, and these changes are accelerating rapidly. How can we realise the immense promises of digital technologies and data for growth and well-being in a fast evolving world? This report charts the road ahead. It identifies seven policy dimensions that allow governments – together with citizens, firms and stakeholders – to shape digital transformation to improve lives. It also highlights key opportunities, challenges and policies related to each dimension, offers new insights, evidence and analysis, and provides recommendations for better policies in the digital age.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312012-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264367494
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cómo medir la transformación digital. Hoja de ruta para el futuro ofrece nuevas perspectivas sobre el estado de la transformación digital al delinear indicadores de una amplia gama de áreas (desde educación e innovación hasta comercio y efectos sociales y económicos) comparadas con asuntos vigentes de política digital, según se presentó en Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. Al hacerlo así, se identifican vacíos en el actual marco de medición, se evalúa el progreso logrado para llenar estas brechas y se establece una hoja de ruta de cara al futuro. El propósito es ampliar las evidencias disponibles como un medio de definir políticas públicas más robustas de crecimiento y bienestar en la era digital.
    DOI: 10.1787/af309cb9-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264815834 , 9789264924369 , 9789264592131
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport aide les décideurs politiques à optimiser les bénéfices de la transformation numérique pour tous, à favoriser la croissance et améliorer le bien-être. Il reflète les travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet de l’OCDE sur la transformation numérique durant la période 2017-18 et d’autres travaux de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Le rapport identifie les vecteurs de la transformation numérique, ainsi que des questions à mieux cerner. Il offre une vision économique et sociale holistique de ses implications sur les tendances clés, leurs effets, et les questions politiques qui en découlent, lesquelles doivent être coordonnées à travers des domaines différents. En outre, le rapport établit un agenda numérique ambitieux pour l’OCDE et au-delà.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cba1873-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ¿Cómo va la vida en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182752 , 9789264736351 , 9789264773646
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How's Life in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Abstract: Este informe evalúa el bienestar en los cuatro aglomerados urbanos más grandes de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) y proporciona recomendaciones de políticas para fortalecer las prácticas de desarrollo regional y, en última instancia, mejorar el bienestar de las personas. Utilizando alrededor de 30 indicadores, el informe analiza el desempeño de los aglomerados de Córdoba en 12 dimensiones de bienestar en comparación con 391 regiones de 36 países de la OCDE y 98 regiones de Brasil, Perú, Colombia y Costa Rica. El informe también documenta las desigualdades de bienestar entre los cuatro aglomerados de Córdoba y sugiere tres áreas prioritarias en las que la provincia debería enfocarse para abordar los desafíos de bienestar: i) asegurar que los indicadores de bienestar sirven para guiar la toma de decisiones en el futuro; ii) continuar fortaleciendo y modernizando el sistema estadístico provincial para expandir la base y uso de evidencia; y iii) fortalecer los mecanismos e instituciones de gobernanza para promover un desarrollo regional efectivo, eficiente e inclusivo.
    DOI: 10.1787/91dd813a-es
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Digital Transformation : A Roadmap for the Future (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311992 , 9789264312043 , 9789264312050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital transformation
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311992-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Introduction to Online Platforms and Their Role in the Digital Transformation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264559547
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als An introduction to online platforms and their role in the digital transformation
    Keywords: Digitale Plattform ; Digitalisierung ; Science and Technology ; Dienst ; Internet ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Online platforms support so many of our daily activities that we have become dependent on them in our personal and professional lives. We rely on them to buy and sell goods and services, to find information online and to keep in touch with each other. We use them for entertainment, news, transportation, accommodation, finding jobs and employees, finding apps and for many other purposes. Online platforms have also raised new and important policy questions, but the businesses themselves can be more complex than they appear so they are not always well understood. This report contains detailed profiles of twelve of the world’s leading platform companies and derives insights from those profiles about what platforms actually do, how they do it, and why they succeed financially. For example, the report finds that although platforms tend to have a number of economic characteristics in common, they also vary so greatly that they cannot be compartmentalised into just a few categories, let alone a single sector. Moreover, they do not all succeed for the same reasons. In addition, although the major Chinese platforms still have a low profile within the OECD, they are in the process of expanding globally and deserve more attention.
    DOI: 10.1787/53e5f593-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Medición y aplicaciones del IoT (2019)
    Mexico City : Asociación Mexicana de Internet ;
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe IoT measurement and applications
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: La declaración de la reunión Ministerial de Cancún sobre Economía Digital destacó la importancia de desarrollar indicadores del IoT que permitan evaluar sus efectos en distintas áreas de políticas (OCDE, 2016). Por ello, en el presente informe se revisan distintas definiciones del IoT en el contexto de establecer una definición operativa para el trabajo del CDEP, y se propone una taxonomía para su medición. Asimismo, en este informe se exploran los posibles desafíos para las infraestructuras de telecomunicaciones derivados del crecimiento exponencial de los dispositivos de IoT mediante la aplicación en vehículos conectados y autónomos. Se eligió esta aplicación del IoT ya que los requisitos para la transmisión de datos de los vehículos totalmente automatizados podrían tener implicaciones importantes para las infraestructuras de red, y, por lo tanto, podrían ser prioritarias en términos de medición.
    DOI: 10.1787/656e87dd-es
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nuevas habilidades para la economía digital : Midiendo la oferta y la demanda de habilidades para el uso de las TIC en el trabajo (2019)
    Saltillo : Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe New Skills for the Digital Economy: Measuring the demand and supply of ICT skills at work
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Este documento presenta evidencia nueva sobre cómo las Tecnologías de la Información (TIC) están cambiando la demanda de habilidades en el trabajo. Mientras que el uso de las TIC se ha incrementado en la mayoría de los países entre 2011 y 2014, un número significativo de trabajadores no tiene las habilidades suficientes para usarlas de forma efectiva. La difusión de las TIC está cambiando también la forma en que se lleva a cabo el trabajo, incrementando la demanda de habilidades complementarias como la comunicación, la autodirección y la resolución de problemas. Aunque los resultados antes mencionados ofrecen perspectivas nuevas e interesantes, el documento abre otras vías para ulteriores análisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/81b4e6c0-es
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multinational enterprises in domestic value chains (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 63 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Input-Output-Analyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) play an important role in host countries’ domestic value chains as part of the global activities of these companies in GVCs. MNE affiliates create directly large volumes of output, value added, international trade and jobs, and in addition they generate also important indirect effects. Foreign affiliates in host countries are not only sourcing locally produced inputs, tradeable as well as non-tradeable, but also produce final and intermediate products sold and used within the domestic economy. Based on the OECD Analytical AMNE database, this paper analyses the domestic linkages of MNE affiliates in host economies in order to get better insights in the role MNEs play across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9abfa931-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Government in Peru : Working Closely with Citizens (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264726840
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government in Peru
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Peru ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Peru
    Abstract: This digital government study explores the state of the digitalisation of the public sector in Peru. It addresses recent efforts to build an institutional and legal framework to support the digital transformation of the public sector. It also discusses the design and delivery of, and access to, public services, and the role that digital technologies can play in improving them. Finally, this report assesses the state of data governance and open data in Peru’s public sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c1eb85b-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Safety Assessment of Foods and Feeds Derived from Transgenic Crops, Volume 3 : Common bean, Rice, Cowpea and Apple Compositional Considerations (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264913608 , 9789264386464 , 9789264424371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Novel Food and Feed Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from transgenic crops ; volume 3: Common bean, rice, cowpea and apple compositional considerations
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.
    DOI: 10.1787/f04f3c98-en
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  • 17
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    Rapport sur les données ouvertes publiques : Encourager la maturité des politiques de données ouvertes pour un impact durable (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264449961 , 9789264995673 , 9789264518797
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government Data Report: Enhancing Policy Maturity for Sustainable Impact
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce rapport offre un aperçu détaillé de l’état des politiques de données ouvertes dans les pays membres de l’OCDE et de ses partenaires, se basant principalement sur les données récoltées par les enquêtes de l’OCDE sur les données publiques ouvertes en 2013, 2014 et 2016, sur celles des revues de pays et des analyses comparatives faîtes par l’OCDE. Le rapport analyse les politiques de données ouvertes en utilisant un cadre analytique conforme à l’indice OURdata sur les données publiques ouvertes, utiles et réutilisables et à la Charte internationale des données ouvertes (International Open Data Charter). Il évalue les efforts déployés par les gouvernements pour renforcer la disponibilité, l'accessibilité et la réutilisation des données publiques ouvertes. Le rapport soutient qu’au-delà de l'engagement des pays à ouvrir des données gouvernementales de qualité, la création de valeur publique nécessite la mobilisation des différentes communautés d'utilisateurs de l'ensemble de l'écosystème, tel que les journalistes, les organisations de la société civile, les entrepreneurs, les grandes entreprises technologiques privées et les universités. Le rapport souligne également le fait que les politiques de données ouvertes sont des éléments de transformations numériques plus larges et que les politiques de données du secteur public nécessitent une interaction avec d'autres programmes publics, tels que celles du gouvernement ouvert, de l'innovation, l'emploi, l'intégrité, la budgétisation publique, le développement durable, la mobilité urbaine et les transports. Il met aussi l’accent sur la pertinence de mesurer les impacts des données ouvertes afin de soutenir l'analyse de rentabilisation (i.e. le business case) des données publiques ouvertes.
    DOI: 10.1787/12ea5027-fr
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Oslo vadovas 2018 : Duomenų apie inovacijas rinkimo, teikimo ir naudojimo gairės, Ketvirtasis Leidimas Mokslinės, technologinės ir inovacinės veiklos vertinimas (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789986938088
    Language: Lithuanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel d’Oslo 2018 : Lignes directrices pour le recueil, la communication et l’utilisation des données sur l’innovation, 4ème édition
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Inovacija – kas tai yra ir kaip ji turėtų būti matuojama? Norint kurti ir analizuoti inovaciją skatinančią politiką, būtina žinoti inovacinės veiklos mastą, inovatyvių įmonių charakteristikas, vidinius ir sisteminius veiksnius, galinčius turėti įtakos inovacijai. Oslo vadovas, kuris pirmą kartą buvo išleistas 1992 m., yra tarptautinis informacinis leidinys, kuriame pateikiamos gairės dėl duomenų apie inovaciją rinkimo ir naudojimo. Šiame ketvirtajame leidime pateikiamos atnaujintos gairės, apimančios platesnį su inovacijomis susijusių reiškinių spektrą ir grindžiamos patirtimi, įgyta atlikus naujausius tyrimus EBPO valstybėse narėse, šalyse ir organizacijose partnerėse.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6ccbad3-lt
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  • 19
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    Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264864689
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvijai, kas ir Eiropas Savienības dalībvalsts kopš 2004. gada, ir maza, dinamiska un atvērta ekonomika, kas veiksmīgi pārgājusi no centrālās plānošanas uz tirgus ekonomiku. Uzsāktās reformas ir veicinājušas progresu, lai gan kopumā no zema starta līmeņa un lauksaimniecībā lēnākā tempā nekā ekonomikā kopumā. Šajā ziņojumā aplūkoti apstākļi, kādos Latvijas pārtikas un lauksaimniecības nozares saimniecības un uzņēmumi veic inovācijas, lai kļūtu produktīvāki un videi draudzīgāki. Tajā apzinātas iespējas, kā arī problēmas, kas vēl jārisina. To skaitā ir prasmju nepietiekamība, emigrācija un iedzīvotāju skaita samazināšanās, kā arī iedzīvotāju un pakalpojumu koncentrācija pilsētās, kas skar visu tautsaimniecību. Nozares līmenī ir problēmas ar lauksaimniecības atbalsta maksājumu izmantošanu nekomerciālu saimniecību atbalstam un augsts neapmaksātā darbaspēka līmenis lauku saimniecībās. Risinot šīs problēmas, lauksaimniecības inovācijas var izmantot, lai uzlabotu nozares produktivitāti, kā arī pārtikas sistēmas ilgtspēju un efektivitāti. Šajā pārskatā sniegti vairāki ieteikumi, kas ļautu lauksaimniecības politikai veicināt labi funkcionējošu inovācijas sistēmu, kura spētu risināt nākotnes problēmas.
    DOI: 10.1787/279bde8c-lv
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  • 20
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    Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data : Reconciling Risks and Benefits for Data Re-use across Societies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264704626 , 9789264317208 , 9789264660656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing access to and sharing of data
    Keywords: Informationsmanagement ; Datenverarbeitung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines the opportunities of enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) in the context of the growing importance of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It discusses how EASD can maximise the social and economic value of data re-use and how the related risks and challenges can be addressed. It highlights the trade-offs, complementarities and possible unintended consequences of policy action – and inaction. It also provides examples of EASD approaches and policy initiatives in OECD countries and partner economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/276aaca8-en
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  • 21
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    L’intelligence artificielle dans la société (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264686823 , 9789264943124 , 9789264353343
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le paysage technique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) s’est métamorphosé depuis 1950, lorsqu’Alan Turing s’interrogeait pour la première fois sur la capacité des machines à penser. Aujourd’hui, l’IA transforme les économies et les sociétés. Elle promet de générer des gains de productivité, d’améliorer le bien-être et de contribuer à apporter des solutions aux défis mondiaux que sont, par exemple, le changement climatique, l’épuisement des ressources et les crises sanitaires. Cependant, à l’heure où ces applications sont adoptées à travers le monde, leur utilisation soulève un certain nombre d’interrogations et de difficultés ayant trait, entre autres, aux valeurs humaines, à l’équité, à la détermination humaine, à la protection de la vie privée, à la sécurité et à la responsabilité. Le présent rapport contribue à faire émerger une compréhension commune de l’IA, sous sa forme actuelle et dans son évolution à court terme, à travers des relevés du paysage technique, économique, pratique et réglementaire de l’IA et la mise en évidence de grandes considérations de politique publique. Il contribue également à un débat coordonné et cohérent entre les diverses enceintes nationales et internationales.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7f8cd16-fr
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  • 22
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    How's Life in the Digital Age? : Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transformation for People's Well-being (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311800 , 9789264313330 , 9789264313323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the digital age?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and governance, Social connections, Environmental quality, Personal security, and Subjective well-being). A summary of existing studies highlights 39 key impacts of the digital transformation on people’s well-being. The review shows that these impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking. In sum, making digitalisation work for people’s well-being would require building equal digital opportunities, widespread digital literacy and strong digital security. Continued research and efforts in improving statistical frameworks will be needed to expand our knowledge on the many topics covered in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311800-en
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  • 23
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    IA: Máquinas inteligentes, políticas inteligentes : Resumen de la conferencia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe AI: Intelligent machines, smart policies: Conference summary
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Este informe refleja los debates de la Conferencia de la OCDE "AI: Máquinas inteligentes, políticas inteligentes", celebrada en París los días 26 y 27 de octubre de 2017. Después de discutir el estado de la investigación en Inteligencia Artificial (IA) - en particular el "aprendizaje automático" -, los ponentes ilustraron las oportunidades que ofrece la IA para mejorar las economías y las sociedades, en áreas que van desde el descubrimiento científico y el análisis de datos satelitales hasta la creación de música. Hubo amplio acuerdo en que el rápido desarrollo de la IA requiere marcos de políticas nacionales e internacionales que involucren a todas las partes interesadas. Las discusiones se centraron en la necesidad de políticas que faciliten la adopción de sistemas de IA para promover la innovación y el crecimiento, ayudar a abordar los desafíos globales y estimular el desarrollo de empleos y habilidades, al mismo tiempo que se establecen las salvaguardas adecuadas para asegurar que los sistemas de IA estén centrados en el ser humano y beneficien a las personas en general. La transparencia y la supervisión, la discriminación algorítmica y los abusos de la privacidad son preocupaciones fundamentales, al igual que las nuevas cuestiones relativas a la responsabilidad, la seguridad y la protección.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab0ba0ac-es
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  • 24
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    Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 76 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: “Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy” examines the policy aspects of building the industrial and innovation ecosystems and value chains needed to make a bioeconomy viable as a sustainable means of production. While building biorefineries is more like a formulaic exercise in engineering, enabling these ecosystems and their value chains is a much more complex endeavour. Building on qualitative case studies and face-to-face interviews in eleven participating countries, the study reveals the diverse ways countries are seeking to achieve the goals set by national strategies and policies. The current report draws lessons from this diverse set of national case studies to generate both common and country-specific insights that can enable this transition from a fossil-based economy to a more sustainable one. These lessons include the need for systems-based approaches, attention to policy alignment, more focus on demand-side instruments, diversification of products, enabling medium-sized companies and harnessing converging technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/e2e3d8a1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 25
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    ICT investments in OECD countries and partner economies : trends, policies and evaluation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 280 (April 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policies to support ICT investment are a strategic tool to spur the digital transformation and enhance productivity and growth. However, while most countries do carry out some forms of ICT investment policy, very little is known on the effects of these policies. In order to start filling this gap, this report presents an overview of recent trends in ICT investment in OECD countries; makes an inventory of ICT investment policies in OECD and selected Partner economies; and reviews the evaluation of selected investment programmes in some OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/bcb82cff-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
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    Digital security and resilience in critical infrastructure and essential services (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 281 (April 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: On 15-16 February 2018 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) hosted a Workshop on Digital Security and Resilience in Critical Infrastructure and Essential Services. The workshop brought together over 120 participants to discuss the effects of growing digital transformation on the resilience of critical infrastructures and essential services which rely increasingly on cross-border digital infrastructure. Over 25 experts discussed digital security in the financial, energy and transport sectors, in relation to the delivery of public sector services, and from the digital security public policy making perspective. Issues faced by SMEs were also addressed throughout the event. This report provides key cross-cutting high-level policy messages from the workshop, an issues paper developed to prepare the event, as well as a detailed account of discussions in each session.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7097901-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    The effects of zero rating (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 285 (July 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses the effects of zero rating, i.e. when a predetermined type of traffic received by consumers is not counted against the download allowance of the Internet access service. The report looks at the economics of zero rating and issues such as the effects of zero rating on competition and innovation. It also compares regulatory approaches across several countries. In terms of economics, the welfare effects of zero rating on consumers can be favourable or unfavourable. While case by case analyses are almost indispensable, the different approaches which regulators and policy makers around the world are taking to zero rating exhibits substantial variation. Nevertheless, it is desirable that regulators and policy makers are alive to both the benefits and the risks associated with zero rating practices, and that in deciding their approach they have regard to the level of competition in both content and ISP markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/6eefc666-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
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    The operators and their future : the state of play and emerging business models (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 287 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses different models for how operators may provide access to communication services over the next five to ten years. To that end, it analyses leading-edge demand and examines the type of companies that serve this demand. It then clusters and compares different categories of operators. These include traditional (vertically integrated) mobile and fixed broadband providers; (vertically integrated) cable operators; wholesale-only operators (utility); wireline wholesale-only providers; wireless wholesale-only providers; and (terminal) equipment and online service providers. The report outlines the most important developments in these categories before signalling emerging technologies that may influence operators in the future. It concludes by comparing different types of operators against policy objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/60c93aa7-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 29
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    OECD reviews of digital transformation : going digital in Colombia (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264943483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Colombia ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia analyses recent developments of the digital economy in the country, reviews policies related to digitalisation and makes recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. The report examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets and related regulations and policies in Colombia. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. The report also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation for production, innovation, jobs and skills. The report reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the integrated policy framework of the OECD's Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being project.
    DOI: 10.1787/781185b1-en
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  • 30
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    Scoping the OECD AI principles deliberations of the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 291 (November 2019)
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping economies, promising to generate productivity gains, improve efficiency and lower costs. At the same time, AI is also fuelling anxieties and ethical concerns. As AI’s impacts permeate our societies, its transformational power must be put at the service of people and the planet. This document presents the work conducted by the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) to scope principles to foster trust in and adoption of AI. In particular, this paper presents a common understanding of what is an AI system as well as a framework that details the stages of the AI system lifecycle. This work informed the draft Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. On 22 May 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation – also referred to as the OECD AI Principles – at the Ministerial level.
    DOI: 10.1787/d62f618a-en
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  • 31
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    Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater : Hazards and Policy Responses (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264977419 , 9789264504684 , 9789264535442
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical residues in freshwater
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Wasserversorgung ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Arzneimittel
    Abstract: This report calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns. Laboratory and field tests show traces of oral contraceptives causing the feminisation of fish and amphibians, and residues of psychiatric drugs altering fish behaviour. Antimicrobial resistance, linked to the overuse of antibiotics, has rapidly escalated into a global health crisis. Unless adequate measures are taken to manage the risks, pharmaceutical residues will increasingly be released into the environment as ageing populations, advances in healthcare, and intensification of meat and fish production spur the demand for pharmaceuticals worldwide. The report outlines a collective, life-cycle approach to managing pharmaceuticals in the environment. A policy mix of source-directed, use-orientated and end-of-pipe measures, involving several policy sectors, can help to improve health and protect the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/c936f42d-en
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  • 32
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    Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264641297 , 9789264563414 , 9789264887855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Recent digital innovations provide opportunities to deliver better policies for the agriculture sector by helping to overcome information gaps and asymmetries, lower policy-related transaction costs, and enable people with different preferences and incentives to work better together. Drawing on ten illustrative case studies and unique new data gathered via an OECD questionnaire on agri-environmental policy organisations' experiences with digital tools, this report explores opportunities to improve current agricultural and agri-environmental policies, and to deliver new, digitally enabled and information-rich policy approaches. It also considers challenges that organisations may face to make greater use of digital tools for policy, as well as new risks which increased use of digital tools may bring. The report provides practical advice on how policy makers can address challenges and mitigate risks to ensure digital opportunities for policy are realised in practice. Finally, the report briefly considers the broader regulatory and policy environment underpinning digitalisation of the agriculture sector, with the view to ensuring that use of digital tools for agricultural and agri-environmental policy remains coherent with the digitalisation of agriculture more generally.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/571a0812-en
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    Manuel d’Oslo 2018 : Lignes directrices pour le recueil, la communication et l’utilisation des données sur l’innovation, 4ème édition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264871311 , 9789264640115 , 9789264335356
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mesurer les activités scientifiques, technologiques et d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo vadovas 2018: Duomenų apie inovacijas rinkimo, teikimo ir naudojimo gairės, Ketvirtasis Leidimas Mokslinės, technologinės ir inovacinės veiklos vertinimas
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Qu'est-ce que l'innovation et comment s'y prendre pour la mesurer ? Comprendre l'échelle des activités d'innovation, les caractéristiques des entreprises innovantes, ainsi que les facteurs internes et systémiques en jeu est une condition préalable essentielle à la mise en œuvre et l'analyse des politiques destinées à stimuler l'innovation. Paru pour la première fois en 1992, le Manuel d'Oslo s'est imposé comme une référence internationale pour la collecte et l'utilisation des données sur l'innovation. Pour cette quatrième édition, le manuel a été étoffé afin de couvrir un éventail plus large de phénomènes liés à l'innovation et de tenir compte de l'expérience acquise au fil des cycles récents des enquêtes connexes réalisées dans les pays de l'OCDE, dans les économies partenaires et par d'autres organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/c76f1c7b-fr
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    The Path to Becoming a Data-Driven Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264433045 , 9789264625273 , 9789264317635
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Axer le secteur public sur les données : marche à suivre
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The path to becoming a data-driven public sector
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Digitalisierung ; E-Government ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Denmark ; Ireland ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Portugal ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Twenty-first century governments must keep pace with the expectations of their citizens and deliver on the promise of the digital age. Data-driven approaches are particularly effective for meeting those expectations and rethinking the way governments and citizens interact. This report highlights the important role data can play in creating conditions that improve public services, increase the effectiveness of public spending and inform ethical and privacy considerations. It presents a data-driven public sector framework that can help countries or organisations assess the elements needed for using data to make better-informed decisions across public sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/059814a7-en
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    Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Austria (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264816244 , 9789264679412 , 9789264874848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Austria
    Keywords: Gründungsausbildung ; Innovation ; Hochschule ; Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulmanagement ; Österreich ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Austria
    Abstract: The Austrian higher education system has consistently recognised the need to become more entrepreneurial and innovative with a view to supporting the economic, social and cultural development of the country and its regions. Over the past decades, the government has been implementing a broad reform agenda to provide strategic funding, diversify higher education institutions (HEIs) and promote an allocation of students that improves the quality of services and empowers them vis à vis the future of work and society. This review illustrates policy actions promoting the development of entrepreneurial and innovative activities in the Higher Education System and individual HEIs. In addition, based on information gathered during study visits, the review discusses strategies and practices adopted by Austrian HEIs to innovate, engage, and generate value for their own ecosystems and networks. The review is part of a series of national reports implementing the HEinnovate framework. HEinnovate is a holistic framework that the OECD and the European Commission have developed to promote the “entrepreneurial and innovation agenda” in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c45127b-en
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    Perfilando la transformación digital en América Latina : Mayor productividad para una vida mejor (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264356405
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Shaping the Digital Transformation in Latin America: Strengthening Productivity, Improving Lives
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Esta publicación fue preparada para apoyar las discusiones de la Tercera Cumbre Ministerial del Programa Regional sobre Productividad "Aprovechando la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad en América Latina y el Caribe". Se basa en el trabajo de la OCDE sobre transformación digital en el marco del proyecto Going Digital y trabajos específicos, como el informe OCDE-BID Políticas de banda ancha para América Latina y el Caribe “Un manual para la economía digital”, Estudios OCDE sobre políticas y regulación de las telecomunicaciones en México y Colombia y Estudios OCDE sobre temas digitales de Colombia y Brasil. El informe busca informar a los formuladores de políticas de la región sobre las políticas y los enfoques que pueden ayudar a aprovechar los beneficios de la transformación digital. Proporciona recomendaciones en siete áreas para que la transformación digital funcione para el crecimiento y el bienestar: mejorar el acceso a las tecnologías digitales; fortalecer su uso efectivo; permitir la innovación digital; asegurar trabajos de calidad para todos; promoviendo una sociedad digital inclusiva; fortalecer la confianza; y fomentar la apertura del mercado. El informe también tiene como objetivo contribuir con la preparación de un plan de acción que apoyará los esfuerzos de la región para cosechar plenamente los beneficios de la transformación digital.
    DOI: 10.1787/4817d61b-es
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    Artificial Intelligence in Society (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545199 , 9789264925434 , 9789264366039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artificial intelligence in society
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesellschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability, among others. This report helps build a shared understanding of AI in the present and near-term by mapping the AI technical, economic, use case and policy landscape and identifying major public policy considerations. It is also intended to help co-ordination and consistency with discussions in other national and international fora.
    DOI: 10.1787/eedfee77-en
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    University-Industry Collaboration : New Evidence and Policy Options (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264778375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als University-industry collaboration
    Keywords: Forschungskooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Forschungskooperation
    Abstract: This report discusses challenges and opportunities in assessing the impacts of science-industry knowledge exchange on innovation. The report provides new evidence on joint industry-science patenting activity and academic start-ups, as well as on the impact of geographical proximity between research institutions and industry on local innovation. The report explores the complex set of knowledge-transfer channels, such as collaborative research, co-patenting, academic spinoffs, and their relative importance across science fields and industry sectors. It also experiments with using labour force survey data to assess the contributions of graduates in social sciences to different industries. Different policy mixes are used in OECD countries to stimulate science-industry knowledge transfer. This report presents a taxonomy of 21 policy instruments, which include grants for collaborative university-industry research and financial support to university spin-offs, and discusses their possible positive and negative interactions. Based on a number of country case studies, the report also sheds light on new policy approaches to support spin-off creation. The report also explores recent trends on the governance of public research of high relevance to science-industry knowledge transfer using newly developed policy indicators for 35 OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9c1e648-en
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  • 39
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    OECD Review of Higher Education, Research and Innovation: Portugal (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308138 , 9789264390973 , 9789264814479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of higher education, research and innovation
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik ; Produktivität ; Portugal ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik
    Abstract: Portugal aims to develop a more innovative, inclusive and productive economy, and to ensure that the ensuing benefits are widely distributed, regionally and socially. This report assesses the extent to which Portugal’s higher education, research and innovation system is well configured to help Portugal achieve its vision of inclusive innovation, and identify which policy options might help it achieve its goals. The assessment and the related recommendations focus on: 1) governance, strategy and funding in higher education, research and innovation; 2) the missions, profiles and use of resources of higher education institutions; 3) undergraduate and master’s level education activities; 4) doctoral training activities; 5) academic careers; 6) high-skill employment and business innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308138-en
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  • 40
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    How's Life in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264704541 , 9789264980709 , 9789264779822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ¿Cómo va la vida en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the province of Córdoba, Argentina?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; Regionalökonomik ; Stadtökonomik ; Cordoba (Argentinien, Provinz) ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Argentina
    Abstract: This report assesses well-being in the four largest urban agglomerations of the province of Córdoba and provides policy recommendations to strengthen regional development practices, and ultimately improve people’s well-being. Using around 30 statistical indicators, the report analyses the performance of Córdoba’s agglomerations in 12 well-being dimensions in comparison with 391 regions of 36 OECD countries and 98 regions of Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Costa Rica. The report also documents the well-being inequalities between Córdoba’s four agglomerations and suggests three priorities areas which the province should focus on to tackle well-being challenges: i) Ensure that well-being indicators guide future decision-making; ii) Continue strengthening and modernising the provincial statistical system to expand the evidence-base; and, iii) Strengthen governance arrangements for more effective, efficient and inclusive regional development policy outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/97f189b1-en
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  • 41
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    The Supply of Medical Isotopes : An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264544703 , 9789264457188 , 9789264625099
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The supply of medical isotopes
    Keywords: Medizinprodukt ; Strahlentherapie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Nuklearmedizin
    Abstract: This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in health-care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc-99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just-in-time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc-99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc-99m in health care, health-care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b326195-en
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  • 42
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    Good practice guide on online advertising : protecting consumers in e-commerce (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 279 (March 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce by elaborating on its key principles in the context of online advertising and offering practical guidance on how to apply these principles. For these purposes, the guide provides a number of good practice examples from policy makers, consumer enforcement agencies, and stakeholders that are relevant to the key principles. Building on those examples, the guide also offers tips for businesses in four areas of online advertising: (i) misleading marketing practices; (ii) ad identification; (iii) endorsements; and (iv) protection of children or vulnerable consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9678e5b1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 43
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    Measuring platform mediated workers (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 282 (April 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In recent years there has been a large number of attempts to estimate the number of platform workers. Lacking a common definition of platform workers, however, these estimates are not comparable across countries and over time. This paper starts to address these issues, by explaining the concept of platform work, reviewing previous attempts to measure platform workers by private agencies and official statistical agencies and examining how different survey questions can affect the understanding of the respondents. The paper also highlights innovative uses of data that provide greater insights into platform workers and concluded with recommendations on how to measure platform workers in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/170a14d9-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 44
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    Measuring digital security risk management practices in businesses (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 283 (June 2019)
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises an OECD project to develop a framework and a set of statistical indicators that can be used to assess the digital security (cybersecurity) risk management practices of businesses. A survey instrument aligned with the framework was developed and piloted. After a general introduction, the report starts with a brief overview of the state of affairs in the measurement of digital security risk and its management prior to the OECD project. It provides an in-depth explanation of the measurement framework for the assessment of digital security risk management practices in businesses and an analysis of the outcomes of a pilot survey instrument based on the measurement framework, tested with members of the Federation of European Risk Management Associations (FERMA) in 2018. The conclusion of the report provides recommendations for future efforts that build on this project.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b93c1f1-en
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  • 45
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    Understanding online consumer ratings and reviews (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 289 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of recent developments related to online consumer ratings and reviews and their effects on consumer behaviour. It provides an overview of key consumer benefits and risks associated with user-generated feedback, and identifies consumer policy challenges, including misleading and deceptive practices, a lack of accuracy, and consumer biases. It also points to issues for further consideration by consumer policy makers and enforcement authorities, as well as businesses and consumer organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/eb018587-en
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  • 46
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    Good practice guide on online consumer ratings and reviews (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 288 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Building on the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce, this paper aims to provide practical guidance to businesses on online consumer ratings and reviews. The document focuses on four issue areas: (i) fake ratings and reviews; (ii) incentivised ratings and reviews; (iii) negative ratings and reviews; and (iv) misleading moderation practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/0f9362cf-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 47
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    Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
    DOI: 10.1787/02f0e5a0-en
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  • 48
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264449756 , 9789264312524 , 9789264727359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Latvia
    Keywords: Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; !09137510X!f ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia, a member of the European Union since 2004, is a small, dynamic and open economy that has successfully transitioned from central planning to a market economy. The reforms undertaken have driven progress, although from generally low levels and at a slower pace in agriculture than for the economy as a whole. This report examines the conditions under which farms and businesses in the food and agriculture sector in Latvia undertake innovation to become more productive and environmentally sustainable. It identifies opportunities as well as challenges that need to be addressed. These include economy wide skills shortage, emigration and population decline and urban concentration of population and services. At the sectoral level, these include the use of agricultural payments to support a large number of non-commercial farms and the high level of unpaid farm labour. To meet these challenges, agricultural innovation can be harnessed to improve the sector’s productivity, as well as the sustainability and efficiency of the food system. This report provides a series of recommendations that should allow agricultural policies to contribute to a well-functioning innovation system that can meet the challenges that lie ahead.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312524-en
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  • 49
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    Risk Governance Scan of Kazakhstan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264737457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sicherheit ; Strategie
    Abstract: This report presents the governance framework in Kazakhstan for managing disaster risks. A wide range of disaster risks are present throughout the national territory, primarily floods, landslides, avalanches, but also extreme cold and heatwaves. The report reviews how the central government sets up a national strategy to manage these disaster risks, and how a national risk governance framework is formulated and executed. It examines the role of the private sector and other non-governmental actors in contributing to resilience at a national and subnational level.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb82cae9-en
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  • 50
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    Health in the 21st Century : Putting Data to Work for Stronger Health Systems (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264793385 , 9789264597532 , 9789264355514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health in the 21st century
    Keywords: Gesundheitspolitik ; Datenverarbeitung ; Big Data ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Digitalisierung ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This report explores how data and digital technology can help achieve policy objectives and drive positive transformation in the health sector while managing new risks such as privacy, equity and implementation costs. It examines the following topics: improving service delivery models; empowering people to take an active role in their health and their care; improving public health; managing biomedical technologies; enabling better collaboration across borders; and improving health system governance and stewardship. It also examines how health workforces should be equipped to make the most of digital technology. The report contains findings from surveys of OECD countries and shares a range of examples that illustrate the potential benefits as well as challenges of the digital transformation in the health sector. Findings and recommendations are relevant for policymakers, health care providers, payers, industry as well as patients, citizens and civil society.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3b23f8e-en
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    Digital Innovation : Seizing Policy Opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674011
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital innovation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: This report discusses how the digital transformation – digital technologies, data and software, AI-based analytics and other advances – is changing innovation processes and outcomes. It highlights the general trends across the economy and factors behind sector-specific dynamics, including increasing use of data as a key input for innovation, the expanding possibilities for experimentation offered by virtual simulation, 3D printing and other digital technologies, and the growing focus on services innovation enabled by digital technologies. In view of such changes, this report evaluates how innovation policies should adapt to foster innovation and inclusive development in the digital age, and identifies priority areas for policy action. It also explores novel innovation policy approaches implemented by countries to foster digital technology adoption and collaborative innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a298dc87-en
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    Unpacking E-commerce : Business Models, Trends and Policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264784185 , 9789264689626 , 9789264963399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unpacking e-commerce
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Geschäftsmodell ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Electronic Shopping ; Online-Shop ; Geschäftsmodell
    Abstract: As digital transformation has accelerated, the e-commerce landscape has become increasingly dynamic. New players have emerged at the same time that established actors have taken on new roles; some barriers to e-commerce at the firm, individual and country levels have been overcome, while other barriers have emerged. Innovative business models have transformed buyer-seller relationships and pushed out the frontier of what is possible to buy and sell online. This report analyses new and emerging e-commerce business models, examines e-commerce trends along a range of dimensions, and offers new insights on the policies needed to exploit the opportunities and mitigate the challenges of unlocking the potential of e-commerce for all.
    DOI: 10.1787/23561431-en
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    Shaping the Digital Transformation in Latin America : Strengthening Productivity, Improving Lives (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264762428
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perfilando la transformación digital en América Latina : Mayor productividad para una vida mejor
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report discusses policies and approaches to spur sustainable and inclusive digital transformation in the LAC region across seven action areas: enhancing access to digital technologies; strengthening their effective use; enabling digital innovation; ensuring quality jobs for all; promoting an inclusive digital society; strengthening trust; and fostering market openness. The report also aims to contribute to the preparation of an action plan that will support the region’s efforts to reap the benefits of the digital transformation. This publication was prepared to support the discussions of the OECD Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme’s Third Ministerial Summit on Productivity “Harnessing the Digital Transformation to Boost Productivity in in Latin America and the Caribbean”. It draws on OECD work on carried out in the context of the Going Digital project, as well as a range of work specific to the LAC region, such as the OECD-IDB report Broadband Policies for Latin America and the Caribbean, the OECD Reviews of Telecommunication Policies in Mexico and Colombia, and the OECD Going Digital Reviews of Colombia and Brazil.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bb3c9f1-en
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  • 54
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    The Space Economy in Figures : How Space Contributes to the Global Economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5996201-en
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  • 55
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    Seguridad de productos de consumo en el Internet de las Cosas (2019)
    Mexico City : Asociación Mexicana de Internet ;
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Consumer product safety in the Internet of Things
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Además de ofrecer una mayor variedad de productos y conveniencia a los consumidores, se espera que el IoT revolucione la forma en que los procesos de diseño, fabricación y entrega de productos se supervisen, analicen y mejoren, incluso de manera remota.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ad205c6-es
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  • 56
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    Online advertising : trends, benefits and risks for consumers (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 272 (January 2019)
    Keywords: Online-Marketing ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Online advertising is now the dominant form of advertising in many OECD countries, and offers businesses the ability to reach consumers in ways that could only have been imagined previously. Online advertising has the potential to benefit consumers through more relevant and timely advertising, and by funding a host of “free” online services. However, it also raises some new and complex challenges for consumers and consumer protection authorities. This report by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy provides an introduction to the complex landscape that is online advertising. It outlines the potential benefits and risks for consumers, drawing on the behavioural insights literature where relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f42c85d-en
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  • 57
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    Policies for the protection of critical information infrastructure : ten years later (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 275 (February 2019)
    Keywords: Informationsversorgung ; Infrastruktur ; Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses responses to a questionnaire circulated to OECD delegations for the review of the 2008 OECD Recommendation on the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CIIP). It includes suggestions to guide the updating of the Recommendation. The update comes against a backdrop of fast digital transformation and increased digital reliance of businesses and governments; increased frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks on critical information infrastructure; the rise of state-sponsored attacks including digital sabotage and espionage; and increased capacity of attackers. The update of the Recommendation serves as an opportunity to make changes to its purpose and scope; to insert key messages based on overarching themes from the responses; and to adjust the Recommendation in line with current and anticipated evolutions in contexts, risks and policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/efb55c54-en
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  • 58
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    Using digital technologies to improve the design and enforcement of public policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 274 (February 2019)
    Keywords: Politik ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digitalisation is having a profound impact on social and economic activity. While often benefiting from a very long history of public investment in R&D, digitalisation has been largely driven by the private sector. However, the combined adoption of new digital technologies, increased reliance upon new data sources, and use of advanced analytic methods hold significant potential to: i) improve the effectiveness and enforcement of public policies; ii) enable innovative policy design and impact evaluation, and; iii) expand citizen and stakeholder engagement in policy making and implementation. These benefits are likely to be greatest in policy domains where outcomes are only observable at significant cost and/or where there is significant heteroregeneity in responses across different agents. In this paper we provide a review of initiatives across a number of fields including: competition, education, environment, innovation, and taxation.
    DOI: 10.1787/99b9ba70-en
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  • 59
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    Measuring indirect investments in ICT (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 276 (February 2019)
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report investigates the hypothesis that the real contribution of ICT investment may be masked in official statistics because intermediate ICT expenditures embodied in non-ICT capital assets are not treated as ICT investment. Based on detailed SUTs collected in 12 OECD countries, the report presents estimates of indirect ICT investment, i.e. the value of ICT inputs embodied in non-ICT capital assets. ICT investment appears significantly higher when considering its indirect component, the average increase being about 35%. In addition, the inclusion of indirect ICT investment changes significantly the relative position of countries with respect to the ICT intensity of their investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/e115e2ea-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 60
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    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
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    Vectors of digital transformation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 273 (January 2019)
    Keywords: Wissensgesellschaft ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines key properties – or “vectors” – of the digital transformation that fundamentally affect the economy and society and accordingly the design and efficacy of public policies. It explores three main areas where digital transformation affects the ways the economy and society are operating, i.e.: a) scale, scope and speed; b) ownership, assets and economic value; and c) relationships, markets and ecosystems. Exposing the underlying nature of change, the seven vectors provide insights on how the transformation challenges policies that are frequently predicated on an analogue world of tangible products and assets, fixed geographic boundaries and physical locations, on transaction costs that limit the scale and scope of interactions and offerings, and on supply and demand conditions that reflect scarcity. The objective of this report is to support the review of existing and the design of new policies to ensure that they are well‑suited to the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ade2bba-en
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  • 62
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    Determinants and impact of automation : an analysis of robots' adoption in OECD countries (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 277 (February 2019)
    Keywords: Automatisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses automation trends and its effect on employment in OECD countries. On average, robots are found to be associated with a reduction in employment in elementary occupations – those requiring the lowest levels of skills – and an increase in employment in high-skill occupation such as professionals and technicians. For occupations in the middle of the skills distribution the correlation is strong and negative. In general, therefore, these estimates do not support the hypothesis of labour market polarisation, i.e.: an increase in both high-skill and low-skill employment. However, in a few countries - notably the United States - this report finds evidence of labour market polarisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef425cb0-en
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  • 63
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    Sa hoe sog eui in gong ji neung (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    Title: 사회 속의 인공지능
    ISBN: 9789264716100
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: 인공지능(AI) 환경은 앨런 튜링(Alan Turing)이 기계가 생각할 수 있는지에 대한 질문을 처음 제기했던 1950년 이후로 크게 발전했습니다 오늘날 AI는 사회와 경제를 변화시키고 있습니다. 인공지능은 생산성 향상, 복지 증진, 기후 변화, 자원 부족, 건강 위기와 같은 세계적인 문제들을 해결하는 데 도움을 줄 것입니다. 그러나 AI 응용 프로그램이 전 세계적으로 활용됨에 따라 인간의 가치, 공정성, 인간의 결정, 개인정보 보호, 안전 및 책임과 관련된 질문과 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다. 본 보고서는 AI 기술, 경제, 활용 사례 및 정책 환경을 분석하고 주요 공공 정책 고려사항을 파악함으로써 현재 및 가까운 시기에 AI에 대한 공통된 이해를 구축하는 데 도움을 줍니다. 또한, 다른 국가 및 국제 포럼에서의 논의와 조정 및 일관성을 유지하도록 도와줍니다.
    DOI: 10.1787/65040097-ko
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  • 64
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    Pia, purattofōmu, māketto ni taisuru shinrai (2019)
    Tokyo : Consumer Affairs Agency ;
    Details
    Title: ピア・プラットフォーム・マーケットに対する信頼 : 消費者調査の結果
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trust in peer platform markets: Consumer survey findings
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    DOI: 10.1787/51161fa6-ja
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  • 65
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    2017 OECD di ji teol gyeong jeoch jeogg mang (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    Title: 2017 OECD 디지털경젗 젂망
    ISBN: 9789264312586
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives de l'économie numérique de l'OCDE 2017
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre la Economía Digital 2017
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312586-ko
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  • 66
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and type of cost (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and type of cost presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics. Data include gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by type of costs (current expenditures: labour costs, other current costs; and capital expenditures: land and buildings, and instruments and equipment). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/320deffd-en
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  • 67
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics for total R&D personnel by sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in headcounts. Sectors of employment include business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit and total. Breakdown by field of science includes natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units for personnel with full-time equivalent on R&D activities as well as headcounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bbc9cd4-en
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  • 68
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    Broadband database (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The broadband database on information and communication technology (ICT) contains indicators on wireless and fixed broadband usage, access and diffusion to OECD households, individuals and businesses.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdacdf78-en
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  • 69
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    Main Science and Technology Indicators (Edition 2019/2) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Main Science and Technology provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of the efforts undertaken by OECD Member countries and selected non-member economies in the field of Science and Technology from 1981 onwards. Indicators cover resources devoted to research and development (R&D), researchers, patent families, technology balance of payments and international trade in highly R&D-intensive industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6dd1eea-en
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  • 70
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    Indicators of international co-operation (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Patent Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on Indicators of international co-operation in patents (EPO, USPTO & PCT): where EPO stands for European Patent Office, USPTO for US Patent and Trademark Office and PCT for Patent Cooperation Treaty. Those indicators analyze to cross-border ownership of patents reflecting international flows of knowledge from the inventor country to the applicant countries and international flows of funds for research (multinational companies) and co-inventions representing the international collaboration in the inventive process. Data are divided in terms of Patent office & Triadic Patent families (application filed under EPO, patent grants at the USPTO, patent application filed under the PCT), type of international Cooperation in Patenting (foreign ownership, domestic ownership, % of patents invented abroad), reference date (application date, priority date, date of grant) and partner country. Data are presented as annual datapoints from 1976 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0b70fc7-en
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  • 71
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation contain research and development (RD) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in both headcounts and full-time equivalent on RD by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by occupation (researchers, technicians and other support staff). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a746fa4-en
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  • 72
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    STAN R&D: Research and development expenditure in industry - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents comprehensive and internationally comparable time-series on industrial R&D expenditures broken down in up to 100 manufacturing and services sectors in ISIC Revision 4 for OECD countries and selected non-member economies, from 1987 onwards. Compatible with those used in other OECD databases, the industry list now covers a number of service and technological sectors of interest. OECD estimates adjust for deficiencies and anomalies in the official data.
    DOI: 10.1787/19494b00-en
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  • 73
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and qualification (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in headcounts and/or full-time equivalent on R&D by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by formal qualification (university and other diplomas by ISCED classification).Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/42174403-en
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  • 74
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds - ISIC Rev 4 (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. and by source of funds (business enterprise, government, other national funds, and funds from abroad). Data at the industry level are presented from 2005, year when the first countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification. This breakdown between industries is, in principle, made at the enterprise level, although some countries are able to break down R&D data for multi product enterprises between their main lines of business. National statistical regulations prevent publication of results where there are very few firms in the given category, hence the many gaps in the tables. Depending on the country, R&D institutes serving enterprises are either classified with the industry concerned, or grouped under “Research and Development” (ISIC rev.4, Division 72). When these R&D institutes are classified with the industry served, the evaluation of R&D in these industries is more accurate and more comparable between countries for the industries concerned. This results, however, in an underestimation of the percentage of BERD performed by the service sector as compared with other countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/8faa9e3c-en
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  • 75
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    Steelmaking capacity by economy (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Excess capacity is one of the main challenges facing the global steel sector. The OECD Steelmaking Capacity database contains data on crude steelmaking capacity by economy and provides researchers and policymakers with an important tool for analysing steel capacity developments.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6ebc80c-en
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  • 76
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    Telecommunications database (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Telecommunications Database is produced in association with the biennial publication OECD Communications Outlook. The Database provides time-series data covering thirty OECD Member countries. It contains both telecommunication and economic indicators. The data are provided for the years 1980 to 2009, where available.
    DOI: 10.1787/7b8e8d18-en
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  • 77
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    Research and Development Statistics: Government budget appropriations or outlays for RD (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D includes statistics on Government appropriations or outlays of R&D by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space, transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, energy, industrial production and technology, health, agriculture, education, culture, recreation, religion and mass media, political and social systems, structures and processes, general advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF), General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from sources other than GUF, Defence. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and expressed in units of expenditure in million of national currency, million of dollars in constant prices as well as current prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/cde9516a-en
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  • 78
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost - ISIC Rev 4 (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. and by type of costs (current expenditure, capital expenditure). Data at the industry level are presented from 2005, year when most of the countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification. This breakdown between industries is, in principle, made at the enterprise level, although some countries are able to break down R&D data for multi product enterprises between their main lines of business. National statistical regulations prevent publication of results where there are very few firms in the given category, hence the many gaps in the tables. Depending on the country, R&D institutes serving enterprises are either classified with the industry concerned, or grouped under “Research and Development” (ISIC rev.4, Division 72). When these R&D institutes are classified with the industry served, the evaluation of R&D in these industries is more accurate and more comparable between countries for the industries concerned. This results, however, in an underestimation of the percentage of BERD performed by the service sector as compared with other countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/223e5564-en
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  • 79
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and field of science (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics on gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by field of science (natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities). Data are covering the years 1981 to 2009.
    DOI: 10.1787/30e18e71-en
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  • 80
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective presents data on gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e.: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space, transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, energy, Industrial production and technology, health, agriculture, education, culture, recreation, religion and mass media, political and social systems, structures and processes, general advancement of knowledge, and defence. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and measured by units for expenditure such as current prices, constant prices and PPP.
    DOI: 10.1787/3851145e-en
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  • 81
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    ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals database provides a selection of 78 indicators, based on the of 2nd revision of the OECD Model Survey on ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals. The selected indicators originate from two sources: 1. An OECD data collection on the following OECD and accession countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. Data collection methodology followed by these countries is available in each respective country metadata file. 2. Eurostat Statistics on Households and Individuals for the OECD countries that are part of the European Statistical system. For those countries, indicators shown in this database refer to the original indicator as published by EUROSTAT -see the correspondence table-. Please refer to Eurostat methodology to access the methodological information. For all countries, breakdowns used correspond to those of EUROSTAT, unless otherwise stated in the metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/09f01bff-en
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    Main Science and Technology Indicators (Edition 2019/1) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Main Science and Technology provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of the efforts undertaken by OECD Member countries and selected non-member economies in the field of Science and Technology from 1981 onwards. Indicators cover resources devoted to research and development (R&D), researchers, patent families, technology balance of payments and international trade in highly R&D-intensive industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/49386a8a-en
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  • 83
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    What are the OECD Principles on AI? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les Principes de l’OCDE sur l’IA ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/6ff2a1c4-en
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  • 84
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    Quels sont les Principes de l’OCDE sur l’IA ? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What are the OECD Principles on AI?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/f4b17318-fr
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  • 85
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4.
    DOI: 10.1787/5be80e5d-en
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  • 86
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics. Data include gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -, higher education, private non-profit and funds from abroad - including funds from enterprises and other funds from abroad). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/8fcd46a7-en
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  • 87
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    Patents by main technology and by International Patent Classification (IPC) (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Patent Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This dataset comprises statistics on patents by main technology and International Patent Classification (IPC). EPO, USPTO, PCT and Triadic Patent Families are in fact presented according to classes of the International Patent Classification (IPC class up to 4 characters) and for selected technology domains such as ICT, nanotechnology, biotechnology as well as environment-related technologies. Data are presented from 1976 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/069dfead-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 88
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds - ISIC Rev 3 (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds comprises statistics on research and development (R&D) expenditure performed in the business enterprise sector. Data include total business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D by size class and source of funds including funds from abroad, business enterprise, private non-profit, sub-total government. Data are presented from 1998 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/8010fdea-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 89
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    ICT Access and Use by Businesses (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The ICT Access and Usage by Businesses database provides a selection of 42 indicators, based on the 2nd revision of the OECD Model Survey on ICT Access and Usage by Businesses. The selected indicators originate from two sources: 1. An OECD data collection on the following OECD and accession countries: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States. Data collection methodology followed by these countries is available in each respective country metadata file. 2. Eurostat Statistics on Businesses for the OECD countries that are part of the European Statistical system. For those countries, indicators shown in this database refer to the original indicator as published by EUROSTAT -see the correspondence table-. Please refer to Eurostat methodology to access the methodological information. For all countries, breakdowns used correspond to those of EUROSTAT, unless otherwise stated in the metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/340cf74a-en
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  • 90
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    Patents by regions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Patent Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This dataset includes statistics on patent counts by regions where EPO and PCT filings are presented according to the region of the inventors/applicants residence (Territorial Level 3), including total patents and selected technology domains such as ICT, nanotechnology, biotechnology as well as environment-related technologies. Reference regions are available by inventor’s country of residence and applicants country of residents. Data are presented from 1978 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/af15a2a6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 91
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    Research and Development Statistics: R&D personnel in the business enterprise sector by main activity (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) statistics on personnel in the business enterprise sector. Measured in full-time equivalent are the number of total R&D personnel and researchers in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. Data at the industry level are presented from 2000, first year from which some countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification.
    DOI: 10.1787/1691126b-en
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  • 92
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    Online Resource
    Research and Development Statistics: R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The R&D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R&D table comprises statistics on current domestic R&D and gross domestic R&D expenditures by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by type of R&D within each sector (basic research, applied research, experimental development, non-specified, and total activity) as well as type of costs incurred (sub-totals current costs, total costs). Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units of expenditure such as million nationa currency, million dollars in constant prices as well as million dollars in current prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/673491b4-en
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  • 93
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    Scientific Advice During Crises : Facilitating Transnational Co-operation and Exchange of Information (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307650 , 9789264307667 , 9789264304413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scientific advice during crises
    Keywords: Beratung ; Wissenschaftler ; Krisenmanagement ; Welt ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report looks at how scientific advice can best support crisis management during transnational crises, such as those provoked by natural hazards or pandemics. Scientific advice has an important role to play in all phases of the crisis management cycle - preparedness, response and recovery. It can be particularly valuable during the sense-making period when a crisis occurs and develops. However, this value is dependent on the quality and timeliness of the advice and most importantly its relevance to the decisions that crisis managers and policy-makers have to make during a crisis. Generating rigorous scientific advice requires access to relevant data, information and expertise, across scientific disciplines and across borders. Ensuring this advice is useful requires effective connections between scientific advisory processes and crisis management mechanisms, including at the international level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304413-en
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  • 94
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    Revisión del Gobierno Digital en Colombia : Hacia un Sector Público Impulsado por el Ciudadano (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292147
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital Government Review of Colombia: Towards a Citizen-Driven Public Sector
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Colombia
    Abstract: El presente e estudio analiza la transición del gobierno electrónico al gobierno digital en Colombia. Se estudia el marco de gobernanza del gobierno digital, el uso de las plataformas digitales y de los datos abiertos para lograr el compromiso y la colaboración con los ciudadanos, las condiciones necesarias para un sector público impulsado por los datos, y la coherencia de las políticas en un contexto de diferencias territoriales significativas. Asimismo, se proporcionan recomendaciones de política concretas sobre el modo en que las tecnologías digitales y los datos pueden ser utilizados a fin de generar políticas y servicios impulsados por el ciudadano.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292147-es
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  • 95
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    Digital Government Review of Colombia : Towards a Citizen-Driven Public Sector (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264291867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Revisión del Gobierno Digital en Colombia : Hacia un Sector Público Impulsado por el Ciudadano
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Colombia
    Keywords: E-Government ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; E-Government ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: This review analyses the shift from e-government to digital government in Colombia. It looks at the governance framework for digital government, the use of digital platforms and open data to engage and collaborate with citizens, conditions for a data-driven public sector, and policy coherence in a context of significant regional disparities. It provides concrete policy recommendations on how digital technologies and data can be harnessed for citizen-driven policy making and public service delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264291867-en
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  • 96
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    Stemming the Superbug Tide : Just A Few Dollars More (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307599 , 9789264311398 , 9789264311404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stemming the superbug tide
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Antibiotika ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtliche Publikation ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Antibiotikum
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a large and growing problem with the potential for enormous health and economic consequences, globally. As such, AMR has become a central issue at the top of the public health agenda of OECD countries and beyond. In this report, OECD used advanced techniques, including machine learning, ensemble modelling and a microsimulation model, to provide support for policy action in the human health sector. AMR rates are high and are projected to grow further, particularly for second- and third-line antibiotics, and if no effective action is taken this is forecasted to produce a significant health and economic burden in OECD and EU28 countries. This burden can be addressed by implementing effective public health initiatives. This report reviews policies currently in place in high-income countries and identifies a set of ‘best buys’ to tackle AMR that, if scaled up at the national level, would provide an affordable and cost-effective instrument in the fight against AMR.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307599-en
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  • 97
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Sweden (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085268
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Sweden
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Agrarproduktion ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Schweden ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Sweden
    Abstract: Agricultural innovation in Sweden has sought to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the agri-food sector by ensuring a high level of environmental and animal welfare standards, while raising the productivity and financial viability of farms. The policies enacted to date have contributed to a high level of consumer confidence in the quality and methods of food production, but challenges remain. These include adapting new technologies that will further strengthen the high environmental, animal welfare and food standards within a more balanced regional and open trading system. In view of the high production costs in Sweden, there is a need to continue with structural adjustments and better targeted investments in the agri-food sector, as well as to improve the level of interactions between research institutions and farmers to ensure that innovative techniques are adopted by all participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085268-en
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  • 98
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    La prochaine révolution de la production : Conséquences pour les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280816 , 9789264280793 , 9789264303737
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (492 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Next Production Revolution: Implications for Governments and Business
    Keywords: Employment ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette publication examine les possibilités et les défis que présentent pour les entreprises et les pouvoirs publics les technologies qui préparent l’avènement de la « prochaine révolution de la production », à savoir diverses technologies numériques (p. ex., l’internet des objets et la robotique avancée), les biotechnologies industrielles, l’impression 3D, les nouveaux matériaux et les nanotechnologies. Certaines de ces technologies sont déjà présentes dans les processus de production, d’autres seront accessibles sous peu. Mais toutes se développent rapidement. À mesure qu’elles transformeront les activités de production et de distribution des biens et services, elles auront une influence considérable sur la productivité, les compétences, la distribution des revenus, le bien-être et l’environnement. Mieux les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises sauront appréhender cette transformation prochaine de la production, mieux ils seront à même d’en maîtriser les risques et d’en concrétiser les avantages.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280793-fr
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  • 99
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Austria 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Austria
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, Austria has become one of the most R&D intensive economies among OECD countries and in the world, dedicating 3.1% of its GDP on R&D in 2016, the second highest figure in the European Union. To fully harness this R&D capacity, Austrian innovation policy needs to put a stronger emphasis on efficiency in transforming R&D inputs into impacts. To achieve higher impacts, Austria also needs to steer its research and innovation system towards leadership excellence in global markets. This requires enhanced international attractiveness for top-level researchers and talent, and a conducive environment for highly innovative enterprises. Austria could also benefit from strengthening R&D and innovation to support key transitions, such as digitalisation and Industry 4.0, and to tackle key societal challenges. The STI policy mix and governance arrangements should be adapted accordingly.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309470-en
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  • 100
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    Steuerliche Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung – Zwischenbericht 2018 : Inclusive Framework on BEPS (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310438
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Projekt Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018: Inclusive Framework on BEPS
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les défis fiscaux soulevés par la numérisation de l'économie – rapport intérimaire 2018 : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Die Bekämpfung von Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting – BEPS) ist Staaten weltweit ein zentrales Anliegen. 2013 verabschiedeten die OECD- und G20-Staaten in gleichberechtigter Zusammenarbeit einen 15-Punkte-Aktionsplan gegen Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung. Zusätzlich zur Sicherung der Steuereinnahmen durch eine an Wirtschaftstätigkeit und Wertschöpfung ausgerichtete Besteuerung besteht das Ziel des BEPS-Projekts von OECD und G20 darin, einheitliche und konsensbasierte internationale Steuervorschriften zur Bekämpfung von Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung zu schaffen, um das Steuersubstrat zu schützen und den Steuerpflichtigen zugleich mehr Rechts- und Planungssicherheit zu bieten. 2016 richteten OECD und G20 das Inclusive Framework on BEPS ein, um interessierten Staaten und Gebieten die Möglichkeit zu bieten, zusammen mit den OECD- und G20-Mitgliedern Standards für BEPS-Fragen zu erarbeiten und die Umsetzung des BEPS-Pakets insgesamt zu prüfen und zu begleiten. Über 110 Staaten und Gebiete sind dem Inclusive Framework beigetreten. Dieser Zwischenbericht des Inclusive Framework on BEPS von OECD und G20 ist Teil der Folgearbeiten zu den 2015 vorgelegten Arbeiten an Aktionspunkt 1 des BEPS-Projekts zu den Herausforderungen der Besteuerung der digitalen Wirtschaft. Er erläutert die im Rahmen des Inclusive Framework vereinbarte Ausrichtung der Arbeiten, die bis 2020 zu den Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die internationalen Steuerregeln durchgeführt werden sollen. Außerdem beschreibt er, wie sich die Digitalisierung auf andere Bereiche des Steuersystems auswirkt und den Steuerbehörden neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet, die Serviceleistungen für die Steuerpflichtigen zu verbessern, die Steuererhebung effizienter zu gestalten und Steuerhinterziehung aufzudecken.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310438-de
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