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  • 2020-2024  (727)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2020  (727)
  • OECD  (727)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (727)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
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  • 2020-2024  (727)
  • 1970-1974
Year
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Keywords
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budgeting in Argentina (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 20, no. 1 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Argentina
    Abstract: This review discusses budgeting in Argentina in relation to the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Budgetary Governance. The findings of this review conclude that the main elements of Argentina’s framework align well to the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Budgetary Governance and the practices of several OECD countries. Recent fiscal results show that Argentina’s budgetary framework, is capable of supporting fiscal control but it can also be equally be applied to other fiscal settings. The OECD’s findings support the continued implementation of existing reforms, including the focus on statistical data quality, the comprehensive classification of financial transactions and the use of performance budgeting information. Other initiatives that would support high quality budgetary advice to the government of the day include a long-term fiscal sustainability report to identify the longterm fiscal impacts of policy decisions, and to critically assess the effectiveness of public expenditure during the budget process. This review was conducted in parallel with an OECD Review of Infrastructure Governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7207bd1-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infrastructure Governance Review of Argentina (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 20, no. 1 | volume:20 | year:2020 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2020
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Argentina
    Abstract: This review discusses infrastructure governance in Argentina in relation to the OECD Framework for the Governance of Infrastructure. This report highlights recent improvements in the institutional framework, as well as the main reforms aiming to improve transparency and oversight of infrastructure investment, strengthening the role of the Chief of Cabinet of Ministers in defining infrastructure investment objectives, and ensuring better articulation between the budget formulation process and the National Public Investment System. However, it also underlines the weak planning capacities at the national and subnational level and the need to develop a long-term strategic vision based on assessed infrastructure needs, shifting from a sector-oriented approach to a place-based approach for infrastructure investment. This report also stresses that Argentina can have a more robust project prioritisation process, and the need to strengthen the multi-annual investment system to ensure value for money throughout the lifecycle of the project. This review was conducted in parallel with an OECD Budget Review of Argentina.
    DOI: 10.1787/f2574b7b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Operationalisation of destination management organisations in Romania (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2020, 01
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Romania ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report provides an analysis of the state of play for tourism in Romania and examines opportunities and challenges for destination development at the subnational level. In addition, it includes an operating manual providing practical guidance for tourism practitioners, setting out the steps required to establish and operate an effective DMO. It has been produced to help public and private sector stakeholders in Romania to work in partnership to plan, develop, manage and market their destinations. The aim is to strengthen tourism structures at local, regional and national levels, so that Romania is able to compete effectively in international markets, in a way that will bring maximum benefit to the country and its destinations. Examples of international best practices, and recommendations to develop an effective and self-sustaining network of regional DMOs are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9074fc18-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Un monde plus violent ? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A more violent world?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9af276c9-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A more violent world? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Un monde plus violent ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/1c4ea913-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afrique : recouvrer la santé (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Africa healthy
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/bd68bbaa-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dare to share (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oser partager
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/f14acbb1-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oser partager (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dare to share
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/714db83a-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Estonia : in-depth policy review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED papers no. 2020, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2020/02
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Estonia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Estonian policy ecosystem in place for social innovation, social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the country. Key policy issues analysed include: building a culture of social innovation and social entrepreneurship (Section 2); supporting social entrepreneurship through institutional and legal frameworks (Section 3); improving access to finance and to markets to boost social entrepreneurship (Section 4 and 5); and supporting the development of social entrepreneurial skills and capacity (Section 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/8eab0aff-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional strategies for the social economy : examples from France, Spain, Sweden and Poland (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) papers no. 2020, 03
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; France ; Poland ; Spain ; Sweden ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores the linkages between regional strategies for the social economy and regional development in four EU countries: France, Spain, Sweden and Poland. It provides a comparative perspective of regional strategies for the social economy (Section 1), based on i) the level of recognition of the social economy itself, ii) multi-level governance arrangements, iii) the regional strategic priority given to the social economy and iv) financial resources available for regional strategies. It gives examples of strategies for the social economy in selected regions in the four countries to document the diversity of practice (Section 2). It outlines conclusions and policy orientations (Section 3) to help reinforce the positive impact of regional strategies for the social economy on regional development.
    DOI: 10.1787/76995b39-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global value chains in agriculture and food : a synthesis of OECD analysis (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 139
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises the key findings and policy messages from recent OECD work on global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food. The food and agriculture sector is increasingly organised within GVC around a number of global hubs. Agro-food GVCs have broadened the gains from specialisation and trade through stronger sector and employment growth. Openness to trade, especially services trade, can positively influence domestic value added creation in agro-food GVCs. However, trade protection and distorting agricultural support policies can reduce the gains from GVC participation and impose costs along the value chain. Government policies need to focus on facilitating participation in GVCs and helping to manage any adjustments across the food and agriculture sectorKeywords: Agro-food, value added, employment, policy reform, trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e3993fa-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation in Agriculture (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859050 , 9789264668775 , 9789264325135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 Seiten)
    DOI: 10.1787/073bdf99-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/taxation-in-agriculture_073bdf99-en
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/073bdf99-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrating responsible business conduct in public procurement (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264673540
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 159 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Society has become increasingly aware of environmental and human rights-related risks in global supply chains in recent years. Public procurement can make a positive contribution to economic, environmental and social progress. If not used strategically, though, people and the planet may face more negative impacts. Meanwhile, governments and businesses face calls to take greater responsibility for their purchasing decisions. Risk-based supply chain due diligence can help public buyers to boost responsible business behaviour through public procurement. This report takes stock of current practices integrating responsible business conduct (RBC) in public procurement and identifies possible avenues to increase the impact of public procurement strategies to promote responsible business conduct objectives. Based on a survey with both OECD Members and Adherents to OECD instruments on public procurement and RBC, it covers a wide geographical range and features data focused on responsible business conduct aspects in public procurement. The report encourages policy makers and practitioners in public procurement and RBC to collaborate with all relevant stakeholders, drawing on good practices from across policy areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/02682b01-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Africa healthy (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Afrique : recouvrer la santé
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from the worst health status in the world, according to the authors of Making Medicines in Africa. As policymakers turn their focus to healthcare, in part spurred on by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the authors argue that industrial development in pharmaceuticals and the capabilities it generates can play a crucial role in addressing the healthcare needs of the continent. Through a collection of case studies on industrial policies, Making Medicines in Africa shows the successes and pitfalls along the way.
    DOI: 10.1787/46af041a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Educación y COVID-19 : Enfoque en el impacto a largo plazo del cierre de escuelas (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Education and COVID-19: Focusing on the long-term impact of school closures
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Éducation et COVID-19 : Les répercussions à long terme de la fermeture des écoles
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La crisis por COVID-19 ha forzado a las escuelas al cierre temporal en 188 países, lo que ha generado una interrupción abrupta del proceso de aprendizaje de más de 1.7 miles de millones de niños, jóvenes y sus familias. Durante este tiempo, fueron implementadas soluciones de aprendizaje a distancia con el objetivo de asegurar la continuidad de la educación, el debate actual se enfoca en cuánto han aprendido los estudiantes durante el cierre de las escuelas. Sin embargo, mientras que la potencial pérdida de aprendizaje puede ser temporal, otros efectos que acontecen en la ausencia de la educación tradicional, tal como el freno a las aspiraciones educativas o la desvinculación del sistema escolar, tendrán impacto a largo plazo en los resultados educativos de los estudiantes. Este efecto de “histéresis” en la educación requiere de especial atención; en este artículo se destaca una estrategia dual que busca redirigir a los estudiantes desertores de regreso a las escuelas, y de esta manera aminorar el abandono escolar en caso de futuros confinamientos.
    DOI: 10.1787/d79c3d3c-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264582958 , 9789264450813 , 9789264649521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 Seiten)
    Keywords: Agrarproduktion ; Prognose ; Weltmarkt ; Politischer Prozess ; Regionalentwicklung ; Lebensmittel ; Futtermittel ; Futterpflanzen ; Biokraftstoff ; Erde
    DOI: 10.1787/1112c23b-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/oecd-fao-agricultural-outlook-2020-2029_1112c23b-en
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/1112c23b-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benchmarking the performance of China's education system (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264809956
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benchmarking the performance of China's education system
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Performance-Messung ; Benchmarking ; China ; Education ; China, People’s Republic ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of both the strengths and potential areas for improvement of the education system of the People’s Republic of China. It articulates the inputs and outputs of China’s education system, brings in up-to-date policies and practices implemented in China, and provides an in-depth analysis on how China’s education system is performing in four overarching dimensions: learning environment, curriculum and teaching practices, student outcomes and education governance. Additionally, this report compares China with other high performing education systems to show the common or divergent patterns between them, offering insights for education systems around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ab33702-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Los países en desarrollo y la cooperación al desarrollo: ¿qué está en juego? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Developing countries and development co-operation: What is at stake?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La crisis sanitaria y económica sin precedentes a la que se enfrentan los países en desarrollo agravará los problemas de desarrollo existentes. Aunque los gobiernos han empezado a responder, su capacidad es muy limitada. Los gobiernos de la OCDE y la comunidad internacional en general necesitan desbloquear un apoyo ambicioso, para evitar la pérdida de vidas, contener el riesgo de repercusiones e invertir en una recuperación sostenible. La respuesta internacional al COVID-19 debería no tener precedentes en términos de recursos movilizados, alcance y ambición. Esto debería conducir a un nuevo modelo de desarrollo que favorezca la resiliencia y la sostenibilidad.
    DOI: 10.1787/f839a75c-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistiques de l’impôt sur les sociétés, deuxième édition (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264961562
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Tax Statistics, Second Edition
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Statistiques de l'impôt des sociétés est une publication phare de l'OCDE sur l'impôt des sociétés, qui rassemble une série d'informations sur la fiscalité des entreprises, l'activité des multinationales et les pratiques en matière d'érosion de la base d'imposition et de transfert de bénéfices (BEPS). Cette deuxième édition des Statistiques de l'impôt sur les sociétés comprend, pour la première fois, des données anonymes et agrégées de déclaration pays par pays. Ces données sont un résultat clé du projet BEPS de l'OCDE/G20 et de son paquet de 15 mesures adoptées en 2015 pour lutter contre l'évasion fiscale. Elles fournissent une vue d'ensemble sur les activités fiscales et économiques de milliers de groupes d'entreprises multinationales opérant dans le monde entier. L'édition de cette année des Statistiques de l'impôt sur les sociétés élargit également les séries de données des années précédentes sur les taux d'imposition des sociétés, les recettes, les taux d'imposition effectifs et les incitations fiscales à la R&D et l'innovation, et contient de nouvelles séries de données sur les régimes de propriété intellectuelle, les règles relatives aux sociétés étrangères contrôlées et les règles de limitation des intérêts.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6afe924-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Choque cultural: COVID-19 y los sectores culturales y creativos (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Culture shock: COVID-19 and the cultural and creative sectors
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Shock cultura: COVID-19 e settori culturali e creativi
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment
    Abstract: Los sectores culturales y creativos son importantes por sus propios méritos en términos de sus impactos económicos y en el empleo. Estos también incentivan la innovación a través de la economía, a la vez que contribuyen a numerosos canales para el impacto social positivo (bienestar y salud, educación, inclusión, regeneración urbana, etc.). Estos se encuentran entre los más afectados por la pandemia, siendo las grandes ciudades las que contienen la mayor cantidad de empleos en riesgo. Las dinámicas varían entre subsectores, las actividades en establecimientos públicos y sus correspondientes cadenas de suministro son las más afectadas. Las políticas para apoyar a las empresas y los trabajadores durante la pandemia pueden estar mal adaptadas para los modelos empresariales y formas de empleo no tradicionales del sector. Además de apoyo a corto plazo a artistas y empresas, tanto del sector privado como del público, las políticas también pueden aprovechar el impacto económico y social de la cultura en sus paquetes de recuperación más amplios y esfuerzos para transformar las economías locales.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd926413-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Rural well-being : geography of opportunities (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424302
    Language: English
    Pages: 212 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD rural studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rural Well-being
    RVK:
    MS 9100
    Keywords: Landbevölkerung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Graue Literatur ; Landbevölkerung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    DOI: 10.1787/d25cef80-en
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    GBV
    KOBV
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reconstruir el turismo para el futuro: Respuesta política y recuperación del COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reconstruire le tourisme de demain : réponses des pouvoirs publics au COVID-19 et reprise
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 観光業の再建: 新型コロナウイルスへの政策対応と復興
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Las perspectivas para el sector turístico se mantienen altamente inciertas. La pandemia de COVID-19 continúa golpeando fuertemente y se prevé que el turismo internacional disminuya alrededor del 80% en 2020. El turismo doméstico permite aminorar el golpe, al menos parcialmente y, los gobiernos han tomado impresionantes acciones inmediatas para restaurar y reactivar el sector para proteger el trabajo y los negocios. Actualmente, muchos países también están desarrollando medidas para construir una economía turística más resiliente después del COVID-19. Estas medidas incluyen la preparación de planes para apoyar a la recuperación sostenible del turismo, la promoción de la transición digital para dar paso a un sistema de turismo más ecológico y el replanteamiento del turismo para el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/abd5dd66-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La economía social y la crisis de COVID-19: Roles actuales y futuros (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social economy and the COVID-19 crisis: current and future roles
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La "economía social" ha desempeñado un importante rol a la hora de abordar y mitigar los impactos a corto y largo plazo de la crisis de COVID-19 sobre la economía y la sociedad. A corto plazo, los agentes de la economía social han contribuido a la recuperación de la crisis aportando soluciones innovadoras destinadas a reforzar los servicios públicos como complemento de la acción gubernamental. A largo plazo, las organizaciones de economía social pueden contribuir a reconfigurar la economía posterior a la crisis promoviendo modelos económicos inclusivos y sostenibles. Apoyándose en décadas de experiencia, sus características específicas y sus principios subyacentes, la economía social puede inspirar modelos de innovación social y un sentido de propósito a las empresas que operan en la economía de mercado.
    DOI: 10.1787/c787a516-es
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    Cadenas de suministro de alimentos y COVID-19 : Impactos y enseñanzas en políticas públicas (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Food Supply Chains and COVID-19: Impacts and Policy Lessons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: La pandemia de COVID-19 provocó tensiones sin precedentes en las cadenas de suministro de alimentos: cuellos de botella en materia de trabajadores agrícolas, procesamiento, transporte y logística, así como grandes cambios en la demanda. La mayoría de estas afectaciones son consecuencia de las políticas adoptadas para contener la propagación del virus. Dichas cadenas mostraron gran resiliencia ante estas tensiones. Los estantes de los supermercados se han repuesto con el tiempo, a medida que desaparecía la predisposición a almacenar mercancías y las cadenas de suministro respondían al aumento de la demanda. Las largas filas en las fronteras se acortaron rápidamente en respuesta a las políticas públicas aplicadas para disminuir restricciones innecesarias. La experiencia hasta ahora muestra la importancia de contar con un entorno comercial internacional abierto y predecible. El mayor riesgo para la seguridad alimentaria no reside en la disponibilidad de alimentos, sino en el acceso de los consumidores a ellos: es esencial desarrollar redes de seguridad para evitar que el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria aumenten.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f36b2cf-es
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  • 25
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    El impacto de la crisis del coronavirus (COVID-19) en la financiación del desarrollo (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on development finance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Este documento de política analiza las consecuencias de la crisis del COVID-19 sobre la financiación del desarrollo sostenible en países de bajo y medio ingreso que pueden optar a la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD). Previo a la pandemia, los niveles y tendencias de financiamiento interno y externo ya eran insuficientes para cubrir las necesidades de gasto de los ODS. Sin embargo, existe el riesgo de una reducción significativa de la financiación disponible para las economías en desarrollo. El financiamiento privado externo para dichas economías podría caer USD 700 000 millones en 2020 comparado con 2019, superando 60% el impacto directo de la crisis financiera mundial de 2008. De haber importantes retrocesos en el desarrollo, aumentaría la vulnerabilidad ante futuras pandemias, el cambio climático y otros males públicos mundiales. Aunque la financiación oficial del desarrollo es una importante fuerza anticíclica a corto plazo para los servicios públicos, ninguna fuente de financiación del desarrollo puede asumir este reto por sí sola. Los actores para la financiación del desarrollo y otros ámbitos deben colaborar estrechamente para "reconstruir mejor”.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fe7d9a8-es
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  • 26
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    El impacto del COVID-19 en la igualdad e inclusión estudiantil : Apoyo a los estudiantes vulnerables durante el cierre y reapertura de escuelas (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Es fundamental un enfoque integral de la educación — que aborde las necesidades de aprendizaje, sociales y emocionales de los alumnos — especialmente en tiempos de crisis. El cierre de escuelas debido al COVID-19 significa que los estudiantes de diversos entornos con mayor riesgo de alta vulnerabilidad tienen menos probabilidades de recibir el apoyo y los servicios complementarios que necesitan, y podría incrementar la brecha entre alumnos que experimentan mayores dificultades y los que no, podría aumentar. Los cierres pueden tener efectos considerables en el sentido de pertenencia que tengan los alumnos hacia la escuela y en su propia autoestima, elementos fundamentales para la inclusión en la educación. Este Informe de política describe las iniciativas de los países miembros de la OCDE para hacer frente a las diferentes necesidades de los estudiantes vulnerables durante la pandemia. Más allá del cierre de escuelas, también se examina la cuestión de su reapertura, presentando las medidas actuales de los países y proporcionando indicaciones políticas destinadas a garantizar que la pandemia no obstaculice aún más la inclusión de los estudiantes vulnerables en los sistemas educativos.
    DOI: 10.1787/49e19ae1-es
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  • 27
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    La pandemia de COVID-19 y el comercio internacional: Retos y acciones (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 e comércio internacional: temas e ações
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 and international trade: Issues and actions
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 und der internationale Handel: Herausforderungen und Massnahmen
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: En una crisis sanitaria mundial sin precedentes, el comercio es una actividad esencial para salvar vidas y sostener los medios de subsistencia, y para que el comercio siga fluyendo, es crucial la cooperación internacional. Ante tal incertidumbre, cuatro son las medidas factibles: 1) aumentar la confianza en el comercio y los mercados mundiales; 2) mantener el flujo de las cadenas de suministro de productos imprescindibles como insumos de salud y alimentos; 3) evitar restricciones innecesarias a la exportación y otras barreras comerciales; y 4) incluso en plena crisis, pensar más allá de lo inmediato. El apoyo gubernamental de hoy debe prestarse de forma que sirva al interés público y no a intereses creados, y evitar futuras distorsiones del mercado de mañana. La OCDE apoya a los gobiernos mediante evidencia y análisis oportunos y objetivos que fundamenten las decisiones en materia de políticas públicas.
    DOI: 10.1787/f09bbfd2-es
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  • 28
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    OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Iceland (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (408 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Iceland
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the sectors of construction and tourism in Iceland, with the goal of helping Icelandic authorities make regulation more pro-competitive while fostering long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment of laws and regulations conducted by the OECD developing recommendations to promote the competitive and efficient functioning of markets under review. It also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/84785d3a-en
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  • 29
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    Accroître l'efficacité des mécanismes de règlement des différends – Rapport par les pairs de PA, Monaco (Phase 1) : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264426528
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Monaco (Stage 1): Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14
    Keywords: Taxation ; Monaco
    Abstract: Aux termes de l’Action 14, les juridictions se sont engagées à mettre en œuvre un standard minimum afin d’améliorer l’efficacité et l’efficience de la procédure amiable (PA). La PA est prévue à l’article 25 du modèle de convention fiscale de l’OCDE et engage les pays à s’efforcer de résoudre les différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application des conventions fiscales. Le Standard Minimum de l’Action 14 a été traduit en termes de référence précis, et une méthodologie a été établie pour le processus d’examen par les pairs et de suivi de cet examen. Le processus d’examen par les pairs se déroule en deux phrases. La première phase consiste à évaluer les juridictions par rapport aux termes de référence du standard minimum, selon un calendrier d’examen convenu. La seconde phase procède au suivi des recommandations formulées dans le rapport d’examen par les pairs de phase 1 des juridictions. Le présent rapport reflète les résultats de l’évaluation par les pairs de phase 1 de la mise en œuvre du Standard Minimum de l’Action 14 par Monaco.
    DOI: 10.1787/c96c3919-fr
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Isle of Man (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264977013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Isle of Man (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Man (Insel) ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Isle of Man ; Isle of Man ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Isle of Man.
    DOI: 10.1787/26d15793-en
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    The Geography of Conflict in North and West Africa (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264411371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trémolières, Marie The geography of conflict in North and West Africa
    Keywords: Politischer Konflikt ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Geographie ; Nordafrika ; Westafrika ; Algeria ; Benin ; Burkina Faso ; Cameroon ; Cape Verde ; Chad ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Gambia ; Ghana ; Guinea ; Guinea-Bissau ; Liberia ; Libya ; Mali ; Mauritania ; Morocco ; Niger ; Nigeria ; Senegal ; Sierra Leone ; Togo ; Tunisia ; Development
    Abstract: African governments are increasingly confronted with new forms of political violence. The situation is particularly worrying in the Sahara-Sahel where violence is on the rise. This degrading security situation has prompted African countries and their partners to intervene militarily to stabilise the region and to prevent the spread of extremism and violence against civilians. However, these initiatives face many obstacles due to the transnational nature and geography of violence. Tensions regionalise across state borders when armed groups, defeated by counter-insurgency efforts, relocate to other countries. This study maps the evolution of violence across North and West Africa, with a particular focus on Mali, Lake Chad and Libya. In the regions experiencing the highest levels of political insecurity, it identifies whether and how conflicts tend to cluster or spread, potentially across national borders. The work is based on a new spatial indicator of political violence designed to assess the long-term evolution of conflicts and provide policy options.
    DOI: 10.1787/02181039-en
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    OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Austria 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264126183 , 9789264494862 , 9789264556126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: 2020 ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Österreich ; Development ; Austria ; Österreich ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined once every five to six years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation activities of the member under review and its approach to fragility, crisis and humanitarian assistance. Austria prioritises its multilateral engagement, advocates actively on global challenges such as security and environmental sustainability, and demonstrates regional leadership. The Austrian Development Agency is delivering quality development assistance to Austria’s priority partner countries but is responsible for only a small share of Austria’s total official development assistance (ODA) effort. In the absence of a single, overarching policy vision, Austria’s ODA remains fragmented. This review looks at the opportunities for Austria to achieve a more co-ordinated and coherent whole-of-government approach. It also emphasises the need for Austria to develop a plan to increase its aid budget in line with its commitment to allocate 0.7% of its gross national income to ODA.
    DOI: 10.1787/03b626d5-en
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    Strengthening Governance of EU Funds under Cohesion Policy : Administrative Capacity Building Roadmaps (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264395664 , 9789264439429 , 9789264484825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Successfully managing and administering European Structural Investment Funds (ESIF) rests on the effective governance of the investment process, on the administrative capacity of Managing Authorities, and on the engagement of a diverse range of stakeholders, including beneficiaries. The OECD has developed an analytical framework with four dimensions – people management, organisational management, strategic planning, and framework conditions – to analyse the challenges and capacity gaps confronting Managing Authorities in the administration and management of these funds. Based on a pilot project with three national- and two regional-level Managing Authorities, the study identified a series of common challenges. These include being more strategic and innovative in how staff, processes and programmes are managed; managing the impact of framework conditions on stability and certainty in administrative and investment processes; and needing to ensure that capacity building among Managing Authorities and/or beneficiaries is undertaken at the appropriate scale. Capacity-building Roadmaps were built with each participant. This report recommends concrete actions for actors in the ESIF governance system to build and reinforce the administrative and investment management capacity of Managing Authorities throughout the EU. The findings can also benefit non-EU public actors in managing public investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b71c8d8-en
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    The Circular Economy in Valladolid, Spain (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264816671 , 9789264182776 , 9789264813557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Urban Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The circular economy in Valladolid, Spain
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Valladolid (Provinz) ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain ; Valladolid Region ; Kreislaufwirtschaft
    Abstract: The transition to the circular economy for the city of Valladolid, Spain represents an opportunity for greater attractiveness and competitiveness, while providing responses to environmental challenges. The city of Valladolid aims to be a reference as a sustainable city, reducing waste, lowering the use of raw materials and increasing the use of renewable energy while stimulating economic growth and social well-being. This report aims to support Valladolid in developing a coherent circular economy strategy, on the basis of various initiatives already in place to finance circular economy projects, raise awareness and promote an entrepreneurial culture on the circular economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/95b1d56e-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Guernsey (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264497665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Guernsey (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Guernsey ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Guernsey ; Guernsey ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Guernsey.
    DOI: 10.1787/49037fba-en
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    Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development in Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264581449 , 9789264902916 , 9789264395015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking indigenous communities with regional development in Canada
    Keywords: Indigene Völker ; Regionalentwicklung ; Kanada ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada’s Constitution Act (1982) recognises three Indigenous groups: Indians (now referred to as First Nations), Inuit, and Métis. Indigenous peoples make a vital contribution to the culture, heritage and economic development of Canada. Despite improvements in Indigenous well-being in recent decades, significant gaps remain with the non-Indigenous population. This study focuses on four priority issues to maximise the potential of Indigenous economies in Canada. First, improving the quality of the statistical framework and the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the governance of data. Second, measures to improve the fairness and transparency for how Indigenous peoples can secure land tenure and the use of tools and such as land use planning to use it to promote community economic development. Third, promoting entrepreneurship so Indigenous peoples can use assets and resources in ways that align with their objectives for development. Fourth, implementing an approach to governance that adapts policies to places, and empowers Indigenous institutions and communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa0f60c6-en
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    Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020 : Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264314306
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dynamiques de l’urbanisation africaine 2020 : Africapolis, une nouvelle géographie urbaine
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa's urbanisation dynamics 2020
    Keywords: Urbanisierung ; Megastadt ; Afrika ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Afrika ; Verstädterung
    Abstract: Africa is projected to have the fastest urban growth rate in the world: by 2050, Africa’s cities will be home to an additional 950 million people. Much of this growth is taking place in small and medium-sized towns. Africa’s urban transition offers great opportunities but it also poses significant challenges. Urban agglomerations are developing most often without the benefit of policies or investments able to meet these challenges. Urban planning and management are therefore key development issues. Understanding urbanisation, its drivers, dynamics and impacts is essential for designing targeted, inclusive and forward-looking policies at local, national and continental levels. This report, based on the Africapolis geo-spatial database (www.africapolis.org) covering 7 600 urban agglomerations in 50 African countries, provides detailed analyses of major African urbanisation dynamics placed within historical, environmental and political contexts. Covering the entire distribution of the urban network — from small towns and secondary cities to large metropolitan regions — it develops more inclusive and targeted policy options that integrate local, national and regional scales of urban development in line with African realities.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6bccb81-en
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  • 38
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    Dynamiques de l’urbanisation africaine 2020 : Africapolis, une nouvelle géographie urbaine (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264689107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (205 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020: Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: D’ici 2050, l’Afrique devrait connaître le taux de croissance urbaine le plus rapide du monde. À cet horizon, les villes africaines devraient abriter 950 millions d’habitants supplémentaires. Cette croissance s’opère en grande partie dans les petites et moyennes agglomérations. La transition urbaine africaine est porteuse de grandes opportunités ; elle pose également d’importants défis. Les agglomérations urbaines africaines se développent le plus souvent sans bénéficier de politiques ou d’investissements à la hauteur de ces enjeux. L'aménagement et la gestion urbains sont par conséquent des enjeux de développement prioritaires. Comprendre l’urbanisation, ses moteurs, ses dynamiques et ses impacts est essentiel pour concevoir des politiques — locales, nationales et continentales — ciblées, inclusives et tournées vers l’avenir. Ce rapport, basé sur la base de données géospatiale Africapolis (www.africapolis.org) couvrant 7 600 agglomérations urbaines de 50 pays africains, analyse les dynamiques urbaines sous des angles historiques, politiques et environnementaux. Il couvre l'ensemble des strates du réseau urbain — des villes petites et intermédiaires aux métropoles. Il propose ainsi des options de politiques plus inclusives et ciblées qui intègrent les échelles locale, nationale et régionale du développement urbain en phase avec les réalités africaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/481c7f49-fr
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    Delineating Functional Areas in All Territories (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264805002 , 9789264767478 , 9789264536227
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Delineating functional areas in all territories
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionalplanung ; Regionalwissenschaft ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Functional areas such as integrated local labour markets exist across countries’ entire national territory. However, most OECD countries have focused their work on larger cities and their surrounding area of economic influence by establishing the concept of functional urban areas. Extending this concept to non-urban areas can help policy makers analyse subnational developments and design spatially better-targeted policies. The report Delineating Functional Areas for all Territories provides a comprehensive review of existing approaches to delineating functional areas across countries’ entire national territory as a tool for territorial statistics and regional policy making. The report explains the rationale for functional territories as a complement to established administrative geographies. It discusses the most important challenges and the methodological aspects of delineating functional areas based on travel-to-work commuting flows or novel sources of data and develops a set of methodological guidelines that are applied in five OECD countries, demonstrating the feasibility of delineating functional areas across diverse types of country geographies in a consistent manner.
    DOI: 10.1787/07970966-en
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    Sustainable ocean for all : harnessing the benefits of sustainable ocean economies for developing countries (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264562639 , 9789264795259 , 9789264556393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: Revised version
    Series Statement: The development dimension
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable ocean for all
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Entwicklungsländer ; Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutzgebiet
    Abstract: Adopting more sustainable ways of managing the ocean is a global priority: protecting its health will bring benefits to all. Developing countries face specific challenges, as many depend heavily on ocean-based industries and are overly exposed to the consequences of ocean degradation. Enhancing their access to science, policy advice and financing would allow them to tap better into the opportunities of a more sustainable ocean economy, including more decent jobs, cleaner energy, improved food security and enhanced resilience, while contributing to the protection of the world’s ocean. This report provides policy makers in developing countries, as well as their development co-operation partners with a wealth of fresh evidence on (i) the latest trends in selected ocean-based industries; (ii) policy instruments, including economic incentives, to promote ocean sustainability in various contexts; (iii) the first review of development finance and development co-operation practices in support of more sustainable ocean economies, including a discussion of how development co-operation can help re-orient private finance towards sustainability.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/bede6513-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/sustainable-ocean-for-all_bede6513-en
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    Towards Sustainable Land Use (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264767546 , 9789264638822 , 9789264818781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Towards sustainable land use
    Keywords: Bodenwirtschaft ; Brasilien ; Frankreich ; Indonesien ; Irland ; Mexiko ; Neuseeland ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Land use is central to many of the environmental and socio-economic issues facing society today. This report examines on-going challenges for aligning land-use policy with climate, biodiversity and food objectives, and the opportunities to enhance the sustainability of land-use systems. It looks at six countries – Brazil, France, Indonesia, Ireland, Mexico and New Zealand – with relatively large agricultural and forestry sectors and associated greenhouse gas emissions, many of which also host globally important biodiversity. Drawing on these countries’ relevant national strategies and plans, institutional co-ordination and policy instruments, the report provides good practice insights on how to better align land use decision-making processes and to achieve stronger coherence between land use, climate, ecosystems and food objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/3809b6a1-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/towards-sustainable-land-use_3809b6a1-en
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  • 42
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    Strengthening agricultural resilience in the face of multiple risks (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264680722 , 9789264954601 , 9789264587465
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strengthening agricultural resilience in the face of multiple risks
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Katastrophe ; Wetter ; Pflanzenschutz ; Tierkrankheit ; Agrarmarkt ; Schock ; Australien ; Kanada ; Italien ; Niederlande ; Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This report explores how countries can strengthen the resilience of their agricultural sectors to multiple risks. A shifting risk landscape in agriculture – due to increasing weather variability, natural hazards, pests and diseases, and market shocks – will require public and private actors to consider the risk landscape over the long term, place a greater emphasis on what can be done ex ante to reduce risk exposure and increase preparedness, and prioritise investments that build resilience capacities both on-farm and for the sector as a whole. This report offers a framework for applying resilience thinking to risk management in agriculture, and explores how four OECD countries – Australia, Canada, Italy and the Netherlands – are mainstreaming resilience into their agricultural risk management policy frameworks.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/2250453e-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/strengthening-agricultural-resilience-in-the-face-of-multiple-risks_2250453e-en
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    Guidance Document on the Exchange and Use of International Efficacy and Crop Safety Data for Minor Uses (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264978225
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.101
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance on using efficacy and crop safety data generated in other countries and regions (as well as from other sources) and evaluations conducted by other regulatory authorities. The document does not provide guidance on the generation of data itself or related scientific principles of data assessment or extrapolation but rather discusses broad principles that may be considered and possibly assist with minor use registrations.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ca7806a-en
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  • 44
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    Country-by-Country Reporting – Compilation of Peer Review Reports (Phase 3) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 13 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264430846 , 9789264802957 , 9789264782068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (553 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Country-by-country reporting
    Keywords: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Standards ; Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; G20-Staaten ; International business enterprises Taxation ; Standards ; Tax administration and procedure Standards ; Communication in accounting Standards ; Taxation ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: "Under the Action 13 Minimum Standard, jurisdictions have committed to foster tax transparency by requesting the largest multinational enterprise groups (MNE Groups) to provide the global allocation of their income, taxes and other indicators of the location of economic activity. This unprecedented information on MNE Groups' operations across the world will boost tax authorities' risk-assessment capabilities. The Action 13 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review process. The peer review of the Action 13 Minimum Standard is proceeding in stages with three annual reviews in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The phased review process follows the phased implementation of CbC Reporting. Each annual peer review process will therefore focus on different aspects of the three key areas under review: the domestic legal and administrative framework, the exchange of information framework, and the confidentiality and appropriate use of CbC reports. This third annual peer review report reflects the outcome of the third review which considered all aspects of implementation. It contains the review of 131 jurisdictions which provided legislation or information pertaining to the implementation of CbC Reporting." -- back cover
    DOI: 10.1787/fa6d31d7-en
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  • 45
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Luxembourg 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264402430
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Luxembourg 2020
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Transport ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le Luxembourg a progressé dans le découplage des pressions environnementales de la croissance économique, dans l’épuration des eaux usées et dans la gestion des déchets et des matières. Il s’est aussi placé comme un centre international de la finance verte. Mais il demeure l'une des économies à plus haute intensité carbone et matière de l'OCDE. Le pays est un carrefour pour le trafic de marchandises et attire quotidiennement des milliers de navetteurs transfrontaliers. Cela exacerbe les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, la pollution de l’air et la congestion routière. L'étalement urbain, la fragmentation des paysages et l'agriculture exercent de fortes pressions sur la biodiversité. Pour orienter son économie vers un modèle plus vert, le Luxembourg s’est fixé des objectifs environnementaux ambitieux. Verdir la fiscalité, donner des signaux de prix plus forts, encourager l’éco-innovation et l’économie circulaire, intégrer la biodiversité dans toutes les politiques, et investir dans des infrastructures bas-carbone et la mobilité durable, devraient être des priorités. Ce rapport est le troisième Examen environnemental du Luxembourg. Il évalue les performances en matière de croissance verte et de développement durable, avec des chapitres spéciaux sur deux enjeux majeurs : la qualité de l’air et la mobilité, et la biodiversité.
    DOI: 10.1787/91951f4d-fr
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Bermuda (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273481
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Bermuda (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bermudainseln ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Bermuda
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Bermuda.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f11fc95-en
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    Supporting Better Decision-Making in Transport Infrastructure in Spain : Infrastructure Governance Review (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264855311
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Governance ; Spain
    Abstract: In Spain, as in most countries, the real obstacle to effective and efficient delivery of key infrastructure is not the availability of finance, but rather problems of governance. This review examines the transport infrastructure governance framework in Spain against OECD good practices. It identifies the main governance bottlenecks for the development of transport infrastructure projects and provides a comparison with what other countries have done to alleviate similar bottlenecks. It provides the Spanish authorities with assessments and recommendations to enhance their capacity to formulate, develop and implement policies and strategies that support better decision-making in transport infrastructure. The review is comprised by two complementary sections: an assessment report of the legal framework and the decision-making process of transport infrastructure investments in Spain, and a technical note that provides a benchmarking analysis on practices from selected countries (i.e. Australia, Chile, France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom), with a specific focus on the railway sector. The benchmark refers to concrete case studies that support the recommendations provided in the assessment report. The report relied on the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Infrastructure (2020) and the OECD Recommendation on the Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (2012).
    DOI: 10.1787/310e365e-en
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    საქართველოში მცირე და საშუალო სიდიდის საწარმოების წვდომა მწვანე ფინანსებზე (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662490 , 9789264617872 , 9789264821170
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Access to Green Finance for SMEs in Georgia
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Georgia
    Abstract: მცირე და საშუალო სიდიდის საწარმოები (მსს) მნიშვნელოვან როლს თამაშობენ საქართველოსეკონომიკაში. მსს-ბზე მოდის დასაქმებულთა 67% დამთლიანი დამატებული ღირებულების დაახლოებით 62%. თუმცა, ცალკე აღებული მსს-ს ზემოქმედებისკვალი გარემოზე შესაძლოა შეუმჩნეველი იყოს, მაგრამ ერთობლივად - ბევრი მიმართულებითაჭარბებს დიდი ბიზნესების მიერ გარემოზეზემოქმედების ხარისხს. კომერციულ ბანკებს მნიშვნელოვანი როლისშესრულება შეუძლიათ მწვანე ფინანსებზე წვდომისუზრუნველყოფაში, განსაკუთრებით მსს-ებისთვის.წინამდებარე ანგარიში წარმოადგენსსაქართველოში მწვანე სესხების მსს-ებზე გაცემისგამოცდილების მიმოიხილავს. ანალიზის შედეგად მოხდა იმ მთავარი გამოწვევების იდენტიფიცირება, რაც დაკავშირებულია მსს-ზე მწვანე პროექტებისთვის სესხების გაცემასთან და განხილულია ამ გამოწვევების დაძლევის შესაძლო გზები. კერძოდ, ანგარიშში ყურადღებითაა შესწავლილი მთავრობისა და იმ პოლიტიკური ინსტრუმენტების როლო, რომელიც მას შეუძლია გამოიყენოს მსს-ის სექტორში მწვანე სესხები მიმართ მაღალი მოთხოვნის სტიმულირებისათვის.
    DOI: 10.1787/943e0535-ka
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Gibraltar 2020 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264732148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Gibraltar 2020 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Gibraltar ; Taxation ; Gibraltar ; Gibraltar ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Internationale Amtshilfe
    Abstract: This report contains the 2020 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Gibraltar.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b4242db-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Finland (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264336520
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Finland (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Finnland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Finland
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Finland.
    DOI: 10.1787/64a87e14-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, the Faroe Islands (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264554320
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: The Faroe Islands (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Färöer ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Faroe Islands
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Faroe Islands.
    DOI: 10.1787/3b65b08d-en
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    Duties and Responsibilities of Boards in Company Groups (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264830493 , 9789264480162 , 9789264401457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Duties and responsibilities of boards in company groups
    Keywords: Aufsichtsrat ; Board of Directors ; Konzern ; Governance
    Abstract: This publication provides an overview of the duties and responsibilities of boards in company groups across 45 jurisdictions. The introduction outlines the global landscape of company groups, their economic role and the principal challenges they present with respect to corporate governance polices. Part I develops a typology of legal and regulatory approaches that jurisdictions have taken to address these challenges. Part II highlights differences and commonalities across jurisdictions, especially as they relate to: how directors may take into account group interests; procedures for managing conflicts of interest; compensating losses incurred by a group company for the benefit of the group; transparency around group purposes and allocation of business opportunities; and allocation of responsibility for company policy and oversight between parent and subsidiary boards. Additional chapters offer case studies of recent and specific approaches to company group governance in Colombia, India, Israel and Korea.
    DOI: 10.1787/859ec8fe-en
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    What students learn matters : towards a 21st century curriculum (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264529793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als What students learn matters
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: For the first time, the OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 project conducted comprehensive curriculum analyses through the co-creation of new knowledge with a wide range of stakeholders including policy makers, academic experts, school leaders, teachers, NGOs, other social partners and, most importantly, students. This report is one of six in a series presenting the first-ever comparative data on curriculum at the content level summarising existing literature, examining trends in curriculum change with challenges and strategies, and suggesting lessons learned from unintended consequences countries experienced with their curriculum reforms. This report highlights that economic, societal and environmental changes are happening rapidly and technologies are developing at an unprecedented pace, but education systems are relatively slow to adapt. Time lag in curriculum redesign refers to the discrepancies between the content of today’s curriculum and the diverse needs of preparing students for the future. The OECD Learning Compass can serve as a guide for adjusting to the new demands of education systems with regards to curriculum, pedagogies, assessments, governance structure, educational management, and the role of students. Innovative approaches to curriculum design that may minimise time lags include: digital curriculum; personalised curriculum; cross-curricular content and competency-based curriculum; and flexible curriculum.
    DOI: 10.1787/d86d4d9a-en
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    Manual de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264781450 , 9789264978874 , 9789264387744
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (265 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Public Integrity Handbook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel de l’OCDE sur l’intégrité publique
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: El Manual de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública ofrece orientación a los gobiernos, las empresas y la sociedad civil para la implementación de la Recomendación de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública. El Manual explicita que significan en la práctica los trece principios de la Recomendación e identifica los desafíos que implica su implementación. Proporciona orientación para mejorar la cooperación intergubernamental, así como entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno nacional y subnacionales. A su vez, el Manual detalla los elementos básicos de un sistema de gestión de recursos humanos basado en el mérito y los componentes clave de las culturas organizativas abiertas, teniendo como objetivo la creación de una cultura de integridad en el gobierno y la sociedad. También detalla el rol del gobierno de proporcionar orientación a las empresas, la sociedad civil y los ciudadanos sobre la defensa de los valores de integridad pública. Asimismo, el Manual expone cómo utilizar el proceso de gestión de riesgos para evaluar y gestionar los riesgos de integridad, y destaca cómo utilizar el sistema de sanción y aplicación de la ley para garantizar una verdadera rendición de cuentas respecto a las violaciones de la integridad.
    DOI: 10.1787/8a2fac21-es
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    Taxation and Philanthropy (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264331020 , 9789264406193 , 9789264868823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La fiscalité et la philanthropie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation and philanthropy
    Keywords: Fundraising ; Wohltätigkeit ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report provides a detailed review of the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and philanthropic giving in 40 OECD member and participating countries. The report first examines the various arguments for and against the provision of preferential tax treatment for philanthropy. It then reviews the tax treatment of philanthropic entities and giving in the 40 participating countries, in both a domestic and cross-border context. Drawing on this analysis, the report then highlights a range of potential tax policy options for countries to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/df434a77-en
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    Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections in the Environmental Sector of Peru (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264450585 , 9789264794832 , 9789264979437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cumplimiento Regulatorio y Fiscalizaciones en el Sector Ambiental de Perú
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory enforcement and inspections in the environmental sector of Peru
    Keywords: Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Umweltschutz ; Peru ; Environment ; Governance ; Peru ; Peru ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: To meet their policy objectives, regulations must be accompanied by a carefully designed and well-implemented enforcement strategy, including inspections. This report provides an assessment of the enforcement and inspections strategy in the environmental sector in Peru along with recommendations to strengthen this strategy. The report evaluates the policies and legal framework of the Environmental Evaluation and Enforcement Agency of Peru, as well as its practices and the resources employed in enforcement and inspections activities. It also offers policy options to improve performance. The benchmark for the comparative analysis is the OECD Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections Toolkit. Using a checklist of 12 criteria, this Toolkit provides a simple tool for assessing the inspection and enforcement system in a given jurisdiction, institution or structure.
    DOI: 10.1787/54253639-en
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    Gobernanza del Agua en Argentina (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264404311 , 9789264663077 , 9789264375024
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (235 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Water Governance in Argentina
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Argentina
    Abstract: Garantizar la seguridad hídrica a largo plazo es esencial para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible en Argentina. Las inundaciones representan el 60% de los acontecimientos críticos en el país y el 95% de las pérdidas económicas y, en un país donde el sector agrícola representa el 6,4% del PBI, las sequías tienen un fuerte impacto en la economía. Argentina también alberga algunas de las cuencas más contaminadas del mundo. Además, el cambio climático probablemente cambiará la disponibilidad, usos y demanda de agua. Este reporte es el resultado de un diálogo de políticas con más de 200 partes interesadas a diferentes niveles en Argentina. El reporte identifica desafíos clave para las políticas de agua efectivas, eficientes e inclusivas, y proporciona un conjunto de recomendaciones para mejorar la gobernanza del agua como un medio para abordar los desafíos relevantes de la sociedad, tanto en la gestión del agua como en otros ámbitos. En particular, los caminos a seguir para Argentina incluyen el fortalecimiento de la coordinación entre las políticas del agua nacionales y provinciales, establecimiento de un marco de planificación e inversión de agua multinivel, mejora de gestión de cuencas y fortalecimiento de la regulación económica de los servicios de agua.
    DOI: 10.1787/53ee8b2e-es
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  • 58
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    Curriculum overload : a way forward (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264819702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Curriculum overload
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: For the first time, the OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 project conducted comprehensive curriculum analyses through the co-creation of new knowledge with a wide range of stakeholders including policy makers, academic experts, school leaders, teachers, NGOs, other social partners and, most importantly, students. This report is one of six in a series presenting the first-ever comparative data on curriculum at the content level summarising existing literature, examining trends in curriculum change with challenges and strategies, and suggesting lessons learned from unintended consequences countries experienced with their curriculum reforms. Schools are constantly under pressure to keep up with the pace of changes in society. In parallel, societal demands for what schools should teach are also constantly changing; often driven by political agendas, ideologies, or parental pressures, to add global competency, digital literacy, data literacy, environmental literacy, media literacy, social-emotional skills, etc. This “curriculum expansion” puts pressure on policy makers and schools to add new contents to already crowded curriculum. This report aims to support reflecting on questions such as “how to avoid creating a ‘mile wide – inch deep’ curriculum?” and “how to shift a paradigm to curriculum centred around student well-being?” It also discusses the trade-offs tied to design choices.
    DOI: 10.1787/3081ceca-en
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  • 59
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    Countering Fraud in Social Benefit Programmes : Taking Stock of Current Measures and Future Directions (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264632929 , 9789264482500 , 9789264827868
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This report takes stock of approaches taken by public organisations to counter external fraud in social benefit programmes (SBP) and suggests areas for improvement. It provides insights on preventive and detective measures, and promotes a risk-based approach to addressing fraud and error in SBPs in line with the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Public Integrity. It explores how public organisations can leverage data-driven approaches to improve fraud detection, and how strengthening evaluation activities can promote continuous improvement of anti-fraud measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/71df2657-en
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  • 60
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    Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264540651
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Digitale Technologien und Daten verändern unser Lebensumfeld. Menschen, Unternehmen und staatliche Stellen agieren, kommunizieren und operieren heute anders als in der Vergangenheit – und diese Veränderungen beschleunigen sich zusehends. Wie können wir das gewaltige Potenzial ausschöpfen, das digitale Technologien und Daten zur Steigerung von Wachstum und Lebensqualität in einer sich rasch wandelnden Welt bieten? Dieser Bericht soll Antworten auf diese Frage liefern. Er geht auf sieben Aspekte ein, bei denen die Regierungen – zusammen mit Bürgerinnen und Bürgern, Unternehmen und anderen betroffenen Akteuren – ansetzen können, um den digitalen Wandel zu gestalten und das Leben zu verbessern. In jedem dieser Bereiche zeigt der Bericht Chancen, Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen auf. Außerdem liefert er neue Erkenntnisse, Daten und Analysen sowie Empfehlungen für eine bessere Politik im digitalen Zeitalter.
    DOI: 10.1787/e78eb379-de
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  • 61
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    Jing he zu zhi, liang nong zu zhi 2020-2029 nian nong ye zhan wang (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: 经合组织－粮农组织2020-2029年农业展望
    ISBN: 9789264421134
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2020-2029
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE‑FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2020‑2029
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    DOI: 10.1787/f25193a0-zh
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  • 62
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    Ageing and Fiscal Challenges across Levels of Government (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878129 , 9789264360266 , 9789264358157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and fiscal challenges across levels of government
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Germany ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Deutschland ; China ; Brasilien ; Kanada ; Altersstruktur ; Finanzpolitik
    Abstract: Populations in OECD and emerging economies are ageing rapidly, which will have significant macroeconomic impacts, including on public expenditures and tax revenues. The rules and practices that govern fiscal relations among different levels of government, such as their responsibilities for taxation, spending and debt management, have a bearing on economic efficiency and ultimately growth. The consequences of population ageing at subnational government levels are especially intense. Many local governments are vulnerable to the ageing of their populations from a fiscal perspective. The economic and fiscal challenges of an ageing population go beyond intergovernmental boundaries, and they require complex intergovernmental policy responses. This volume brings together cross-country studies of fiscal policy, demographics and spatial productivity, as well as country studies of Brazil, Canada, China and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbfbda8-en
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  • 63
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Luxembourg (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351806
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accroître l'efficacité des mécanismes de règlement des différends – Rapport par les pairs de PA, Luxembourg (Phase 2) : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Luxembourg (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Luxemburg ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Luxembourg, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/ffdb81cc-en
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  • 64
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    Taking public action to end violence at home : summary of conference proceedings (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264849396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Keywords: Gewalt ; Frau ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Erde
    Abstract: Violence against women remains a global crisis. Worldwide, more than one in three women have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. OECD’s inaugural conference on violence against women, entitled “Taking Public Action to End Violence at Home,” facilitated a survivor-centred exchange of ideas and experiences. Held on 5-6 February 2020, attendees convened to share experiences, practices and ideas on how to prevent, address, and eradicate intimate partner violence (IPV), a particularly insidious form of violence against women. Just a few weeks after this OECD conference concluded, the regional health crisis of COVID-19 in Asia had turned into a global pandemic. In less than a month, the entire world was grappling with the massive health, social, and economic effects of the crisis – including the consequences of millions of women becoming trapped at home with their abusers, as governments implemented containment measures to stop the spread of the virus. The issues, challenges, and solutions to intimate partner violence that were debated at OECD conference have taken on a new and even more pressing urgency in the face of the global crisis.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis, Literaturhinweise
    DOI: 10.1787/cbff411b-en
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    URL: kostenfrei
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Belgique 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264582064 , 9789264999695 , 9789264686038
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Belgium 2020
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) examine les efforts individuels de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres tous les cinq à six ans. Les examens par les pairs du CAD analysent la performance d’ensemble du membre considéré, et non pas seulement celle de son organisme de coopération pour le développement, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la politique, aux programmes et aux systèmes de coopération. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire, ainsi que les approches vis-à-vis de la fragilité et des crises du membre soumis à examen en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier. La Belgique est un avocat incontournable de la cause des pays les moins avancés ou en situation de fragilité, ainsi qu’un solide partenaire humanitaire. Attachée aux principes de partenariats, elle donne aux organisations multilatérales, de la société civile et du secteur privé les moyens de réaliser leur mandat. Alors que la Belgique sort d’une période de réforme institutionnelle, cet examen par les pairs donne des pistes pour renforcer le pilotage stratégique de sa coopération au développement, approfondir les synergies entre ses actions de développement, humanitaire et en faveur de la paix, et améliorer la gestion des ressources humaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/83a41ee9-fr
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Liechtenstein (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264454385
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Liechtenstein (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Liechtenstein ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Liechtenstein ; Liechtenstein ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Liechtenstein, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/b41a9f75-en
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  • 67
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    Report of an OECD Survey on Risk Management/Mitigation Approaches and Options Related to Agricultural Pesticide Use Near Residential Areas (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264645738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.78
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report collates and analyses the responses from a 2012 survey circulated to OECD Member countries to collect information on risk management and risk mitigation approaches used and developed by governments for professional agricultural pesticide use near residential areas. The purpose of the survey was to provide an information source on the various approaches to risk mitigation related to pesticide use/application/spray drift adopted by countries (whether on a legal or voluntary basis).
    DOI: 10.1787/f38f0238-en
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  • 68
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    Common Ground Between the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework : Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730182 , 9789264800625 , 9789264440135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Common ground between the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Klimawandel ; Internationale Klimapolitik ; Internationales Abkommen ; Welt ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag
    Abstract: Countries are faced with the growing challenge of managing increasing risks from climate change and climate variability, putting development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals at risk. The adoption in 2015 of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Paris Agreement on climate change provides a clear mandate for increased coherence in countries’ approaches to climate and disaster risk reduction. Countries increasingly recognise the benefits of improved coherence between the two policy areas, exemplified by the number of countries that either have developed joint strategies or put in place processes that facilitate co-ordination. Informed by the country approaches of Ghana, Peru and the Philippines, in addition to a review of relevant literature, this report examines the potential for increased coherence in approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction across levels of government and sectors. It identifies ways in which government officials, development co-operation and other stakeholders can support efforts to further enhance coherence between the two policy areas, not only in the three case study countries, but also those in other countries as well as providers of development co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/3edc8d09-en
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    Preparing for the Future of Work in Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264824874 , 9789264346970 , 9789264550698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Preparing for the future of work in Canada
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Automatisierung ; Coronavirus ; Kanada ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada ; Kanada ; Arbeitsangebot ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung
    Abstract: COVID-19 has led to a labour market shock in Canada and is likely to generate a profound reflection on production and consumption habits. COVID‑19 is also likely to accelerate automation as firms look to new technologies to pandemic proof their operations. While automation offers the opportunity to boost productivity, it can also create losers as vulnerable workers who lose jobs may not have the skills needed in a changing labour market. This OECD report examines the potential impacts of automation on people and places across Canada with a special focus on the Province of Ontario. It also sheds light on policies and programmes that can help regions and cities to prepare for the future of work.
    DOI: 10.1787/05c1b185-en
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    Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Report on Pillar Two Blueprint : Inclusive Framework on BEPS (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264639935 , 9789264363977 , 9789264353848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les défis fiscaux soulevés par la numérisation – Rapport sur le blueprint du Pilier Deux : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project aims to create a single set of consensus-based international tax rules to address BEPS, and hence to protect tax bases while offering increased certainty and predictability to taxpayers. Addressing the tax challenges raised by digitalisation has been a top priority of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework in BEPS since 2015 with the release of the BEPS Action 1 Report. At the request of the G20, the Inclusive Framework has continued to work on the issue, delivering an interim report in March 2018. In 2019, members of the Inclusive Framework agreed to examine proposals in two pillars which could form the basis for a consensus solution to the tax challenges arising from digitalisation. That same year, a programme of work to be conducted on Pillar One and Pillar Two was adopted and later endorsed by the G20. This report explores options and issues in connection with the design of a global minimum tax that would address remaining BEPS issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/abb4c3d1-en
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  • 71
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Papua New Guinea 2020 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264873803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Papua New Guinea 2020 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Papua-Neuguinea ; Taxation ; Papua New Guinea ; Papua-Neuguinea ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Internationale Amtshilfe
    Abstract: This report contains the 2020 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Papua New Guinea.
    DOI: 10.1787/72fe35f0-en
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    Reviewing the Stock of Regulation (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264460324 , 9789264693845 , 9789264361096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The stock of laws has been growing steadily over time in countries as a result of governments responding to new and emerging challenges. Yet these and other new laws do not always fit well with existing regulatory frameworks, especially as economies and countries are becoming ever-increasingly more interconnected. The OECD Best Practice Principles for Reviewing the Stock of Regulation offers a practical and flexible framework for countries to follow when reviewing laws. The principles provide assistance to countries in establishing their ex post evaluation regimes, whilst also providing practical guidance about relevant methodologies to adopt. This report is part of a series on “best practice principles” produced under the auspices of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee. As with other reports in the series, it extends and elaborates on principles highlighted in the 2012 Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a8f33bc-en
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  • 73
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    OECD Reviews of Public Health: Korea : A Healthier Tomorrow (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264552098 , 9789264689640 , 9789264673366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Public Health
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of public health
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This review assesses Korea's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. The review examines Korea's public health system architecture, and how well policies are responding to population health challenges, including the growing burden of chronic disease, and resulting pressures on the health system. In particular, the review assesses Korea’s policies to prevent harmful alcohol use, and the risks and opportunities around public health genomics in Korea, which is both a growing field in the health sector, and a booming commercial industry. The review also examines Korea's exposure to public health emergencies, and capacity to respond to emergencies as and when they occur.
    DOI: 10.1787/be2b7063-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Poland (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264753891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Poland (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Polen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Poland
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Poland.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea220bff-en
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    Building a high-quality early childhood education and care workforce : further results from the starting strong survey 2018 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264442566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building a high-quality early childhood education and care workforce
    Keywords: Education ; Chile ; Denmark ; Germany ; Iceland ; Israel ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Norway ; Turkey
    Abstract: The work of early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals is the major driver of the quality of an ECEC system. As evidence accumulates on the strong benefits of investing in early education, countries need effective policies to attract, maintain and retain a highly skilled workforce in the sector. This report looks at the makeup of the early childhood education and care workforce across countries, assessing how initial preparation programmes compare across different systems, what types of in-service training and informal learning activities help staff to upgrade their skills, and what staff say about their working conditions, as well as identifying policies that can reduce staff stress levels and increase well-being at work. The report also looks at which leadership and managerial practices in ECEC centres contribute to improving the skills, working conditions and working methods of staff. The OECD Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS Starting Strong) is the first international survey that focuses on the early childhood education and care workforce. It offers an opportunity to learn about the characteristics of ECEC staff and centre leaders, their practices at work, and their views on the profession and the sector. This second volume of findings, Building a High-Quality Early Childhood Education and Care Workforce, examines factors that influence the skills development of ECEC professionals, their working conditions and well-being at work, and leadership in ECEC centres.
    DOI: 10.1787/b90bba3d-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, The Bahamas (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264841338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: The Bahamas (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bahamas ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Bahamas
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Bahamas.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6458e06-en
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  • 77
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    Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice : Fit for All Generations? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264757943 , 9789264726567 , 9789264847002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Global transformations – from population ageing to digitalisation, rising inequalities and climate change – have created profound uncertainties for young people and future generations, despite unprecedented access to information, education and technology. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges in youth’s mental well-being and employment, while raising concerns about the sustainability of public finances. This report provides the first comparative assessment of the policies, laws, institutional capacities and governance tools put in place by 42 national governments and the European Union to promote youth empowerment and intergenerational justice. It sets benchmarks for cross-country comparisons in three main areas: 1) Supporting youth’s transition to an autonomous life, 2) Enhancing youth’s participation and representation in public life as well as trust in government, and 3) Delivering fair policy outcomes for all generations. Finally, it provides practical insights for policy makers, civil society and young people seeking to build a present and future that leaves no generation behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3e5cb8a-en
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  • 78
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    Workforce Innovation to Foster Positive Learning Environments in Canada (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264584723 , 9789264977624 , 9789264412910
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Workforce innovation to foster positive learning environments in Canada
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Canada ; Kanada ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: Canada has introduced a set of programmes to test novel approaches to skills development. This report analyses the potential of these programmes to improve the future-readiness of Canada’s adult learning system. Further, it outlines how these programmes might be expanded to promote optimal skills use and learning within workplaces, through the use of high-performance work practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/a92cf94d-en
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  • 79
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    Housing and Inclusive Growth (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264749863 , 9789264873490 , 9789264362819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
    Abstract: Housing is key to inclusive growth. It is the biggest spending item of household budgets, the main driver of wealth accumulation and biggest source of debt for most households. Housing and the neighbourhood in which people live also have important implications for individual health, employment and educational outcomes – effects that can begin in childhood and can last a lifetime. Nevertheless, the housing market may also present a barrier to inclusive growth for some groups, such as low-income households, children, youth, seniors and the homeless. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted even more abruptly just how important housing issues are to people, and prompted governments to introduce a range of emergency housing supports. However, the pandemic has also underscored the need for governments to develop more structural responses to address persistent housing challenges. This report assesses the key underlying pre-COVID-19 housing policy issues and proposes a series of recommendations to support more inclusive housing outcomes. These include measures to address some of the structural barriers to inclusive growth in the housing market, as well as measures to address the specific housing challenges facing vulnerable groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ef36f4b-en
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  • 80
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Macau, China (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264924512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Taxation ; Macau, China
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Macau, China.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5d34f2c-en
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  • 81
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    Gobierno Corporativo en Costa Rica (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264999008 , 9789264930704 , 9789264787742
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Governance in Costa Rica
    Keywords: Governance ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Esta revisión sobre el gobierno corporativo en Costa Rica se preparó dentro del contexto del proceso de adhesión de dicho país a la OCDE. Durante el período de revisión de tres años, el gobierno progresó sustancialmente en el fortalecimiento de su marco institucional y legal en concordancia con los Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE y del G20 y las Directrices de la OCDE sobre el Gobierno Corporativo de las Empresas Públicas (EPE). El informe evalúa las políticas y las prácticas de gobierno corporativo de Costa Rica, tanto para las empresas públicas como para las que cotizan en el mercado de valores. Se muestra que, si bien el mercado de capitales de Costa Rica es bastante reducido, su marco para el gobierno corporativo de empresas que cotizan en el mercado de valores es, en gran parte, consistente con los Principios. Costa Rica ha progresado excepcionalmente en la emisión de un nuevo código de gobierno corporativo y de requisitos relacionados con la divulgación de propiedad. Para las EPE, que desempeñan un papel clave en la economía costarricense, la Presidencia ha tomado medidas importantes para establecer una unidad de coordinación que ha iniciado numerosas reformas. Estas reformas incluyen la emisión de una política de propiedad del gobierno, nombramientos de los miembros de las juntas directivas de las EPE que sean más transparentes y estructurados (junto con la remoción de los políticos de las juntas) y la presentación de informes sobre el desempeño de las EPE. Para fortalecer aún más el desempeño y la rendición de cuentas de las EPE, el informe recomienda tomar medidas adicionales para mejorar las prácticas de las juntas directivas, aclarar los objetivos de desempeño e implementar Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera.
    DOI: 10.1787/74f5db04-es
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    Panorama das Administrações Públicas: América Latina e Caribe 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729230 , 9789264745568 , 9789264345119
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Government at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas América Latina y el Caribe 2020
    Keywords: Governance ; Anguilla ; Argentina ; Barbados ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Grenada ; Guatemala ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Honduras ; Mexico ; Panama ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Saint Lucia ; Uruguay ; Venezuela
    Abstract: A terceira edição do Panorama das Administrações Públicas: América Latina e Caribe contém as evidências disponíveis mais atualizadas sobre as administrações públicas e seu desempenho na ALC, comparando-as aos países da OCDE. Esta publicação inclui indicadores sobre finanças públicas e economia, emprego público, centros de governo, governança regulatória, dados abertos governamentais, integridade do setor público, aquisições públicas e, pela primeira vez, sobre os resultados centrais dos governos (p.ex., confiança nas instituições, redução da desigualdade). Os indicadores de governança são especialmente úteis para monitorar e comparar o desempenho dos governos nas suas reformas da administração pública. Cada indicador é apresentado em formato acessível para o leitor, e consiste em figuras ou quadros que ilustram as variações nos países e ao longo do tempo, análises descritivas breves, enfatizando os temas principais em cada área, e uma seção metodológica com a definição do indicador bem como qualquer limitação na comparabilidade dos dados.
    DOI: 10.1787/9e6d37a1-pt
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  • 83
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    OECD Skills Strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) : Assessment and Recommendations (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264951839 , 9789264787582 , 9789264800779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Nordirland ; Education ; Employment ; United Kingdom ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances, and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, “OECD Skills Strategy Northern Ireland (United Kingdom): Assessment and Recommendations”, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to reduce skills imbalances, create a culture of lifelong learning, transform workplaces to make better use of skills, and strengthen the governance of skills policies in Northern Ireland.
    DOI: 10.1787/1857c8af-en
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    One-Stop Shops for Citizens and Business (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264497597 , 9789264893474 , 9789264934801
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guichets uniques pour les citoyens et les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als One-stop shops for citizens and business
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Marktregelung
    Abstract: One-stop shops have emerged as a way for governments to provide better services and improve regulatory delivery to citizens and business. The OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy: One-Stop Shops for Citizens and Business offer a set of practical considerations for designing, operating, and reviewing one-stop shops. The Principles are based on a series of case studies and cover a wide range of tools and institutional arrangements to help governments improve their one-stop shops. This report is part of a series on “best practice principles” produced under the auspices of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee. As with other reports in the series, it extends and elaborates on principles highlighted in the 2012 Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0b0924e-en
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  • 85
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    Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264439610 , 9789264880467 , 9789264752900
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 사회 속의 인공지능
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’intelligence artificielle dans la société
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Artificial Intelligence in Society
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: 1950 stellte Alan Turing erstmals die Frage, ob Maschinen denken können. Seitdem wurden im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) gewaltige Fortschritte erzielt. Heute verändert KI Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft. KI ermöglicht Produktivitätssteigerungen, kann die Lebensqualität erhöhen und sogar bei der Bewältigung globaler Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel, Ressourcenknappheit und Gesundheitskrisen helfen. Mit der weltweiten Einführung von KI-Anwendungen wachsen aber auch die Bedenken, die ihre Nutzung aufwirft, u. a. in Bezug auf menschliche Werte und Fragen wie Fairness, menschliche Entscheidungsfreiheit, Datenschutz, Sicherheit und Haftung. Dieser Bericht soll helfen, ein gemeinsames Verständnis von künstlicher Intelligenz aktuell und für die nahe Zukunft zu entwickeln. Dazu beschreibt er technische, wirtschaftliche und politische Entwicklungen, geht auf konkrete Anwendungsfälle ein und befasst sich mit grundlegenden Fragen der Politikgestaltung. Zudem soll er für mehr Kohärenz in den Diskussionen sorgen, die in verschiedenen nationalen und internationalen Foren zum Thema künstliche Intelligenz geführt werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b89dea3-de
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  • 86
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    Development Assistance Committee Members and Civil Society (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264772335 , 9789264456105 , 9789264500839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les membres du Comité d'aide au développement et la société civile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Development Assistance Committee members and civil society
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Gesellschaft ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; Nichtregierungsorganisation ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is clear on the need to engage civil society organisations (CSOs) in implementing and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals. With their capacity to bring the voices of those on the frontlines of poverty, inequality and vulnerability into development processes, CSOs can help to ensure no one is left behind. In order to work to their maximum potential, CSOs need members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) to provide and promote enabling environments. This study provides a comprehensive review of the various ways in which DAC members support and engage with civil society. It argues that they can do more to make their civil society policies and practices effective. To that end, the study provides action points for further discussion with DAC members, CSOs, and others, to be developed into a guidance or a recommendation for how members can improve the effectiveness of their work with civil society, and, by extension, make environments for CSOs more enabling.
    DOI: 10.1787/51eb6df1-en
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    OECD Tax Policy Reviews: Kazakhstan 2020 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264552104 , 9789264998735 , 9789264960206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Taxation ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: This report is part of the OECD Tax Policy Reviews publication series. The Reviews are intended to provide independent, comprehensive and comparative assessments of OECD member and non-member countries’ tax systems as well as concrete recommendations for tax policy reform. By identifying tailored tax policy reform options, the objective of the Reviews is to enhance the design of existing tax policies and to support the adoption of new reforms. This report provides an assessment of Kazakhstan's tax system and recommendations for tax reform. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the main findings and Chapter 2 sets the scene for tax reform. Chapter 3 considers tax revenue trends and analysis of the tax mix. Chapter 4 examines equity issues in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations on the personal income tax, social security contributions and value added taxes. Chapter 5 focuses on tax competitiveness issues and provides recommendations on how to strengthen the design of both the corporate income tax and special tax regimes for SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/872d016c-en
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    Beyond Growth : Towards a New Economic Approach (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264549319 , 9789264863323 , 9789264638341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beyond growth
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: We are facing a series of converging planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy, and our social and political systems, but we will not meet these challenges using the tools of the last century. We need to rethink the role of the economy in improving the well-being of people and the planet. As the world’s leading intergovernmental forum on economic policy, the OECD has a central role to play in creating a new economic narrative. OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría therefore invited a high-level group of experts to contribute their proposals on what needs to change in economic policy and policymaking. This report summarises their conclusions. The Advisory Group argues that we need to go beyond growth, to stop seeing growth as an end in itself, but rather as a means to achieving societal goals including environmental sustainability, reduced inequality, greater wellbeing and improved resilience. This requires updating the philosophy, tools and methods underpinning the analysis that influences economic decision-making. Drawing on developments across the modern field of economics and political economy, the report argues for a new approach which recognises the rootedness of economic systems and behaviour in the relationship between people, social institutions and the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/33a25ba3-en
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  • 89
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    Accroître l'efficacité des mécanismes de règlement des différends – Rapport par les pairs de PA, Luxembourg (Phase 2) : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986138
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Projet OCDE/G20 sur l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Luxembourg (Stage 2): Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14
    Keywords: Taxation ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Aux termes de l'Action 14, les juridictions se sont engagées à mettre en œuvre un standard minimum afin d'améliorer l'efficacité et l'efficience de la procédure amiable (PA). La PA est prévue à l'article 25 du modèle de convention fiscale de l'OCDE et engage les pays à s'efforcer de résoudre les différends relatifs à l'interprétation et à l'application des conventions fiscales. Le Standard Minimum de l'Action 14 a été traduit en termes de référence précis, et une méthodologie a été établie pour le processus d'examen par les pairs et le suivi de cet examen. Le Standard Minimum est complété par un ensemble de bonnes pratiques. Le processus d'examen par les pairs se déroule en deux phases. La première phase consiste à évaluer les juridictions par rapport aux termes de référence du standard minimum, selon un calendrier d'examen convenu. La seconde phase procède au suivi des recommandations formulées dans le rapport d'examen par les pairs de phase 1 des juridictions. Le présent rapport reflète les résultats de l'évaluation par les pairs de phase 1 de la mise en œuvre du Standard Minimum de l'Action 14 par le Luxembourg, qui s'accompagne d'un document traitant de la mise en œuvre des bonnes pratiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0f9b5b7-fr
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  • 90
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    Chemical Thermodynamics of Iron, Volume 13/2 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264544253
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (921 p.)
    Series Statement: Chemical Thermodynamics
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This is Volume 13b in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) “Chemical Thermodynamics” series. It is the second part of a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of iron, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase IV (TDB IV), and a continuation of Part 1, which was published in 2013 as volume 13a. The database system developed at the NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of iron, but also among all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
    DOI: 10.1787/f43b12dd-en
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  • 91
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    Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : Tunisie 2020 (Deuxième cycle) : Rapport d'examen par les pairs sur l'échange de renseignements sur demande (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264508576
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Tunisia 2020 (Second Round): Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request
    Keywords: Taxation ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Cette publication contient le rapport d'examen par les pairs 2020 sur l'échange de renseignements à la demande de la Tunisie.
    DOI: 10.1787/e90e6387-fr
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  • 92
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Singapore (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264889750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Singapore (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Singapur ; Taxation ; Singapore ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Singapur ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Singapore.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d152880-en
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  • 93
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    How are young graduates settling into the labour market? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.76
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The transition from tertiary education to work involves substantial uncertainty and changes between education programmes, jobs and industries. The current major disruption in the labour market is only going to increase this uncertainty, making it essential for graduates to be prepared for it. Graduates with more dynamic career trajectories are more likely to include interpersonal skills in their professional profiles. This confirms the need for higher education institutions to pursue their efforts to develop a comprehensive skill set for their graduates, including technical skills and also interpersonal skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/0cae6ba1-en
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  • 94
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    Civil service pension reform in developing countries : Experiences and lessons (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This study examines reforms to civil service pension arrangements in a number of developing countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America. These arrangements are a significant component of public-sector remuneration in many developing countries and they can carry substantial risks, not only financial but also political and social. This study takes a long-term and systemic approach to civil service pensions, charting their evolution as part of a country’s social protection provision and with reference to public-sector remuneration as well as broader institutional developments. It demonstrates the short- and long-term costs of these arrangements against spending on other social protection interventions, notably poverty-targeted social assistance. Through a series of case studies, it examines the motivation behind countries’ decision to reform their civil service schemes, as well as the challenges they faced when undertaking these reforms and their overall impact. The study is intended to support countries planning to reform their civil service pension schemes by identifying key principles and specific policies they might consider in this process; it can also support governments not planning such reforms to better understand the financial dynamics of their civil service schemes.
    DOI: 10.1787/f872f328-en
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  • 95
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    Foreign language teachers as ambassadors of multilingualism and international exchange : Evidence from TALIS 2018 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.)
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.33
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In today’s world, globalisation, technological innovation and human migration have made interactions between people from different countries and cultures almost inevitable. In this context, being able to communicate in more than one language has become a key skill with important economic benefits for individuals and economies. However, the relevance of learning other languages goes beyond improving communication: it also promotes the understanding of the complexity of cultures and languages and allows students to learn about other visions of the world. These are important prerequisites for active participation in a globalised world. Therefore, learning a foreign language can act as a powerful tool to increase intercultural skills, enhance global co-operation and discover new and innovative ways of thinking and working together. Being aware of these benefits, many countries are placing increased emphasis on foreign language teaching.
    DOI: 10.1787/808f11a4-en
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  • 96
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    Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index: 2019 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.01
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper presents and discusses the general findings and key policy messages of the 2019 OECD Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index, and provides a detailed analysis of the results for each pillar and sub-pillar. Additionally, it assesses the main advancements and challenges related to the design and implementation of open government data (OGD) policies in OECD member and partner countries by comparing the results for 2019 with those of the 2017 edition. This policy paper contributes to the OECD work on the digital transformation of the public sector, including digital government and data-driven public sector and open government data.
    DOI: 10.1787/45f6de2d-en
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  • 97
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    Do gender gaps in reading and mathematics evolve between childhood and adulthood? (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.)
    Series Statement: Adult Skills in Focus no.13
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les écarts de niveau de compétences entre les sexes en compréhension de l’écrit et en mathématiques évoluent-ils entre l’enfance et l’âge adulte ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This issue of the Adult Skills in Focus series looks at gender differences in reading (literacy) and mathematics (numeracy) skills, and in particular how these differences evolve as people grow up. The analysis use data on three different assessments, administered to children in fourth grade (around 10 year-olds), to 15-year old adolescents, and to young adults aged 26-27. The data shows that girls have a small advantage in literacy at age 10, which grows larger by age 15. However, at age 26 this advantage disappears, and young adults achieve on average the same scores in the literacy assessment. The picture is very different in the case of numeracy skills. At age 10 the gaps are very small, with a tiny advantage for boys. The gap is larger at age 15 and grows even more by age 26, when young men achieve on average much higher scores. A possible explanation for these results is that men specialise in occupations and fields of study that make higher use of numeracy skills; men are also able to close the gap in literacy skills because reading is a transversal skill that people need to master to be successful in a wider range of occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/6db40c8d-en
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  • 98
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    Achieving the new curriculum for Wales (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.7
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Wales (United Kingdom) is on the path to transform the way children learn, with a new curriculum aimed to prepare its children and young people to thrive at school and beyond. The new curriculum for Wales intends to create a better learning experience for students, to engage teachers’ professionalism, and to contribute to the overall improvement of Welsh education. An education policy is only as good as its implementation, however, and Wales turned to the OECD for advice on the next steps to implement the curriculum. This OECD Education Policy Perspectives summarises the findings of the complete OECD report Achieving the New Curriculum for Wales. The analysis looks at the four pillars of implementation — curriculum policy design, stakeholders' engagement, policy context and implementation strategy — and builds upon the literature and experiences of OECD countries to provide tailored advice to Wales on the actions it could take to ready the system for further development and implementation. This document holds value not only for Wales, but also for other education systems across the OECD looking to implement a curriculum or to enhance their implementation processes altogether.
    DOI: 10.1787/37ba25ee-en
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  • 99
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    Education responses to COVID-19: an implementation strategy toolkit (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.5
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This toolkit provides education system leaders with an implementation framework and questions to consider in the development of their education responses to the COVID-19 crisis. It builds on an analysis of education policy actions taken during the initial stages of the COVID-19 crisis. What dimensions need to be considered for implementing education responses to COVID-19? Lessons learned show that emergency strategies such as those triggered by COVID 19 need to take into consideration some constraints: fixed initial contextual factors, limited evidence available and no time for capacity development. Implementing an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic that supports equity, quality and wellbeing should rely on the capacity of schools and education professionals as well as technological resources available. The engagement of stakeholders to develop a broadly supported overarching solution may need to be limited to key actors initially and integrated in later stages, as there is an optimal trade-off between involvement and reactivity. But the policy can actually be based on schools having leeway to design their own approaches, following the shaping of a national or regional vision, generic health and educational guidelines, and the provision of support to those in need to manage inequities. An effective implementation strategy will bring together these dimensions and make them actionable in terms of timeframes, responsibilities, tools and available resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/81209b82-en
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  • 100
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    A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals in Kópavogur, Iceland (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2020/05
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Iceland
    Abstract: Kópavogur was the first municipality in Iceland to formally embrace the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In September 2018, the Municipal Council adopted a holistic strategy for Kópavogur, based on the 15 prioritised SDGs and their 36 targets. The city is following a data-driven approach to implement the SDGs as a tool for public sector innovation and to bring all the municipality’s actions under one strategic framework. The city is also using the SDGs to build awareness and strengthen ownership of the local strategy among private sector and civil society. The case of Kópavogur also points to the importance of addressing the SDGs through an integrated and functional approach, since many sustainable development challenges span beyond sole perimeter of the city and require close cooperation with the hinterland, as in the case of public transport and waste management.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0f3c1d6-en
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