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  • 2015-2019  (578)
  • 1975-1979
  • OECD  (578)
  • Waxmann Verlag
  • Environment  (578)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing climate objectives in cities and regions to deliver sustainable and inclusive growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee3ce00b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-dimensional Review of Thailand (Volume 2) : In-depth Analysis and Recommendations (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307674 , 9789264308886 , 9789264308893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Still, Thailand’s growth path has created large disparities that risk obstructing the next stage of development. This report lays out three transitions that Thailand needs to master to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth. First, the country should move from a growth path dominated by few and geographically concentrated sources of innovation to one that focuses on unlocking the full potential of all regions. Second, to support a new growth agenda, it should organise multi-level governance and the relationship between the many layers of government more effectively, particularly with regards to financial resources. Last but not least, Thailand should focus on water and environment, moving from a resource-intensive growth path with costly natural disasters to one characterised by sustainable development. In the case of water, this means moving from ad-hoc responses to effective management of water security.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307674-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
    DOI: 10.1787/02f0e5a0-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Policies in Argentina (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264313705 , 9789264313699 , 9789264311695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Políticas Agrícolas en Argentina
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies in Argentina
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Argentinien ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Argentina
    Abstract: The Food and Agriculture Reviews provide a comprehensive assessment of agricultural policies and calculate a set of policy indicators developed by the OECD. These indicators are regularly used in the analysis of the agriculture and food sector in OECD countries and several emerging economies. This review analyses both the indicators available for Argentina and the main agricultural policy areas, such as trade, innovation, sustainability, risk management and value chains. It also provides a series of policy recommendations. Argentina’s agricultural sector has undergone a considerable innovation process over the last two decades. This transformation was mostly led by a dynamic and pro-active private sector often subject to policies providing negative support via export restrictions and taxes. The rapid adoption of technologies, such as improved varieties and no-till farming, and organisational innovations have contributed to increasing the Total Factor Productivity of crops. Government focus on providing such general services as research, extension, and animal and plant health has facilitated innovation as has the proactive management of risks by farmers. Nevertheless, environmental pressures are increasing with deforestation and the use of pesticides.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311695-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scaling up climate-compatible infrastructure : insights from national development banks in Brazil and South Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
    DOI: 10.1787/12456ee6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264938892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides the second edition of Guidance Document 23 on Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals. Whilst this guidance is targeted towards tests described by the OECD Test Guidelines identified it may also be relevant to other tests. The guidance relates to the practical aspects of carrying out valid tests with “difficult” test chemicals and mixtures and presenting the results. The guidance is considered to reflect good practice but it is important to recognise that some test chemicals and mixtures will present specific scientific and technical issues that may fall outside its scope. This document is divided into five substantive sections covering guidance for carrying out a preliminary assessment of test chemical stability; general considerations on selection of exposure systems; stock and test solution preparation and exposure systems; sampling of test solution for analysis; and calculating and reporting test results.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ed2f88e-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859814
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: La Turquie est l’économie de l’OCDE qui affiche la plus forte croissance et voit ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre progresser rapidement. Depuis 2008, ses émissions atmosphériques, sa consommation d’énergie et d’eau et sa production de déchets ont été découplées en termes relatifs de la croissance économique. Ces pressions environnementales continueront néanmoins d’augmenter dans l’absolu en raison de la forte intensité d’utilisation de ressources de l’économie et de sa dépendance à l’égard des énergies fossiles. Pour améliorer ses performances environnementales, le pays devra réaliser des progrès plus importants dans la transition vers une économie circulaire et peu émettrice de carbone. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de la Turquie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés au changement climatique et à la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur le changement climatique et la gestion des eaux usées urbaines. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/405578df-fr
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 496: In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264488809
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai n° 496 : Méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro pour l’identification de produits chimiques provoquant des lésions oculaires graves et les produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro macromolecular test method is a biochemical in vitro test method that can be used to identify chemicals (substances and mixtures) that have the potential to induce serious eye damage as well as chemicals not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage. The in vitro macromolecular test method contains a macromolecular reagent composed of a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, lipids and low molecular weight components, that when rehydrated forms a complex macromolecular matrix which mimics the highly ordered structure of the transparent cornea. Corneal opacity is described as the most important driver for classification of eye hazard. Test chemicals producing protein denaturation, unfolding and changes in conformation will lead to the disruption and disaggregation of the highly organised macromolecular reagent matrix, and produce turbidity of the macromolecular reagent. Such phenomena is quantified, by measuring the changes in light scattering (at a wavelength of 405 nm using a spectrometer), which is compared to the standard curve established in parallel by measuring the increase in OD produced by a set of calibration substances.
    DOI: 10.1787/970e5cd9-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mining and Green Growth in the EECCA Region (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264439887 , 9789264633681 , 9789264784093
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mining and green growth in the EECCA region
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Bergbau ; Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Environment ; Development ; Mittelasien ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: For most countries in the Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) region, mining is an important economic sector that contributes to employment and public revenue. Despite mining’s potential to cause long-term negative environmental impacts, governments in the region have a vital role to play in supporting better environmental performance in the sector and ensuring the industry can be a progressive part of a greener economy. This report examines the environmental impacts of mining in the EECCA and provides policy makers with guidance to reconcile environmental and competitiveness objectives in the mining sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/1926a45a-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 494: Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264635289
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 494 : Méthode d’essai Vitrigel pour l’identification de produits chimiques ne nécessitant aucune classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method is an in vitro test method that allows the identification of test chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. This test measures the eye irritation potential of a test chemical based on its ability to induce damage to the barrier function of the human corneal epithelium (hCE) models used in the Vitrigel-EIT method. It is known that chemicals that are irritating to the eye first destroy tear film and epithelial barrier function of the eye, subsequently induce epithelial cell death, and finally produce stromal degeneration and endothelial cell death, resulting in corneal opacity. Therefore, the change of the epithelial barrier function is a relevant endpoint for detecting eye irritation. In the Vitrigel Eye Irritancy test method , time-dependent changes in the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) values are indicative of damage to the barrier function of the corneal epithelium following exposure to a test chemical; this situation is similar to the observed damage of the rabbit cornea following exposure to a test chemical, which is an important mode of action leading to damage of the corneal epithelium and eye irritation. The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method can be used within the limited applicability domain of test chemicals having pH 〉 5.0 (based on 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) preparation).
    DOI: 10.1787/9f20068a-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable connectivity : closing the gender gap in infrastructure (2019)
    Paris : OECD Environment Directorate
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 15
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.15
    Series Statement: Policy perspectives
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Good quality and sustainable infrastructure that meets the needs of women, men, children, minorities, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups is essential for human well-being, economic growth and environmental sustainability. This Policy Paper shows how women and men may use infrastructure differently according to their needs, social roles or preferences. Building on OECD policy tools and several axes of work, it provides a framework to help countries align their infrastructure policies and projects with other societal and environmental goals, including supporting gender equality.
    DOI: 10.1787/6350ba66-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guiding Principles on Good Practices for the Availability/Distribution of Protected Elements in OECD Test Guidelines (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264932845
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.298
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes good practices for the licensing of protected elements included in OECD Test Guidelines (TGs). Transparency and communication are needed around protected elements resulting from innovation in sciences and techniques that are gradually integrated in OECD TGs. This Guidance specifies the information required from a test method developer when submitting a proposal for a new TG that contains protected elements. This document contains a broad overview of the intellectual property and similar protections that affect the OECD TG Programme. Laws governing intellectual property and similar rights vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; anyone seeking to answer specific questions about the interpretation of the concepts in this paper in a specific jurisdiction must seek the advice of a specialised lawyer.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b290577-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264498389 , 9789264612372 , 9789264312999
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Responding to Rising Seas: OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’adaptation des zones côtières aux impacts du changement climatique est désormais une urgence. La hausse du niveau des mers et des pressions immobilières va certainement y accroître les risques, selon les prévisions. En quoi les processus nationaux de planification de l’adaptation des pays de l’OCDE peuvent-ils nous aider à répondre à ce défi ? C’est la question à laquelle répond cet ouvrage. Il expose clairement les diverses conceptions du partage des coûts et des responsabilités en matière de gestion des risques côtiers. Il examine ensuite si celles-ci encouragent ou dissuadent les ménages, les entreprises et les différents niveaux de gouvernement d’adopter des comportements qui réduisent les risques. Cet ouvrage décrit les instruments d’action que les autorités nationales peuvent employer pour favoriser une réaction efficiente, efficace et équitable face aux changements qui affectent le littoral. Il s’appuie sur de nouvelles analyses des coûts futurs de la hausse du niveau des mers et sur les principaux résultats de quatre études de cas (Allemagne, Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande et Royaume Uni).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312999-fr
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prospettive agricole OCSE-FAO 2019-2028 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357914
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 经合组织-粮农组织 2019-2028 年农业展望
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: Le Prospettive agricole 2019-2028 sono il frutto dell’azione collaborativa tra l’Organizzazione per la Cooperazione e lo Sviluppo Economici (OCSE) e l’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l’Alimentazione e l’Agricoltura (FAO). Le Prospettive riuniscono le competenze di entrambe le Organizzazioni in materia di prodotti di base, politiche pubbliche e Paesi, nonché gli input dei Paesi membri che collaborano per fornire un esame annuale delle Prospettive dei mercati nazionali, regionali e globali dei prodotti agricoli di base per il prossimo decennio. Il Capitolo Speciale dell’edizione di quest’anno si concentrerà sullo sviluppo agricolo dell’America Latina.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b912624-it
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  • 16
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    Financement climatique fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés en 2013-2017 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534001
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-17
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les estimations des volumes annuels de financement climatique fournis et mobilisés par les pays développés pour 2013-2017. Ces estimations incluent les finances publiques bilatérales et multilatérales, les crédits à l'exportation et les financements privés mobilisés. Le cadre comptable sous-jacent est conforme à celui utilisé par l'OCDE en 2015 pour produire des estimations du financement climatique pour les années 2013-2014, ainsi qu'à celui utilisé en 2016 pour produire des projections de financement climatique 2020. Il est également cohérent avec les résultats de la COP24 de la CCNUCC sur les modalités de comptabilisation des ressources financières fournies et mobilisées grâce aux interventions publiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/0f7de621-fr
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  • 17
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    The Space Economy in Figures : How Space Contributes to the Global Economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5996201-en
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  • 18
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    Business Models for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges for Policy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264405110 , 9789264311428 , 9789264691445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business models for the circular economy
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Recycling ; Natürliche Ressourcen
    Abstract: Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system. Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth in demand for these resources, which has triggered interest from policy makers in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report presents a typology of five circular business models that could support the transition to a more resource efficient and circular economy: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product service system models. It reviews the current market penetration and assesses the potential scalability of each business model. Environmental potential is also discussed, as well as risks and unintended consequences that could result from a more widespread adoption of these business models. The report provides a broad set of policy approaches that could help alleviate some of the barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of circular business models.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9dd62-en
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  • 19
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    Rejet de plastiques en 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives mondiales des plastiques
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Plastic leakage in 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce jeu de données offre des estimations détaillées sur le rejet de plastiques dans l'environnement en 2019, qui est l'année de référence des Perspectives Mondiales des Plastiques de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/cbb4055c-fr
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Plastics Outlook: Plastic waste in 2019 (Edition 2021) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastic waste by region and end-of-life fate for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/a509c1f4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Plastics Outlook: Plastic leakage in 2019 (Edition 2021) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastic leakage to the environment for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/42f29e57-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Plastics Outlook: Plastics use in 2019 (Edition 2021) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastics use by region, application and polymer for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d701d5f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Water: Freshwater abstractions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset shows the state and changes over time in the abstractions of freshwater resources in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/eec4fa83-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Responding to Rising Seas : OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312487-en
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  • 25
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    Analyse coûts-avantages et environnement : Avancées théoriques et utilisation par les pouvoirs publics (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264300453 , 9789264300880 , 9789264300897
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Further Developments and Policy Use
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: La présente publication examine les avancées récentes de l’analyse coûts-avantages (ACA) environnementale. Celle-ci correspond à l’application de l’ACA aux projets ou aux politiques qui visent explicitement à améliorer la qualité de l’environnement ou qui ont, d’une manière ou d’une autre, un effet indirect sur les milieux naturels. Cette publication s’appuie sur l’ouvrage précédent de l’OCDE rédigé par David Pearce et al. (2006), qui partait du constat que la conjonction d’un certain nombre d’avancées de l’ACA modifiait la manière dont bien des économistes recommanderaient de mettre en œuvre cet instrument, surtout dans le contexte de projets ou de politiques ayant des impacts environnementaux considérables. Cette publication n’a pas seulement pour principal objectif d’évaluer les progrès accomplis : elle cherche également à déterminer en quoi certaines évolutions illustrent des questions thématiques centrales ayant des conséquences pour l’application concrète de l’ACA environnementale dans le cadre de l’élaboration des politiques et de l’évaluation des projets d’investissement. Le thème sans doute le plus important a trait à la contribution de l’économie du climat face au défi que constitue l’évaluation des mesures publiques visant à atténuer le changement climatique (ou à s’y adapter). Les travaux dans ce domaine ont accru l’intérêt porté au mode d’évaluation des coûts et des avantages à très long terme et ils ont notamment montré à quel point les procédures classiques de détermination du taux d’actualisation social deviennent problématiques dans un contexte intergénérationnel et quelles pourraient être les nouvelles approches requises. La contribution de l’économie du climat a également suscité une réflexion plus poussée sur l’incertitude dans le cadre de l’ACA, en particulier en présence d’effets incertains qui peuvent avoir des impacts (négatifs) de grande ampleur.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264300453-fr
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  • 26
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    Perspectives mondiales du financement du développement durable 2019 : L'heure est venue de relever le défi (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264958982 , 9789264512900 , 9789264428225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2019: Time to Face the Challenge
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Afin de faire face aux problèmes mondiaux les plus urgents et atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable, la communauté internationale a promis d’unir les forces d’un nombre sans précédent d’acteurs financiers : entreprises, gouvernements, organisations philanthropiques ou encore particuliers transférant de l’argent vers leur pays d’origine. Pourtant le déficit en matière de financement du développement durable se creuse : alors que les besoins continuent d’augmenter, les ressources à la disposition des pays en développement restent limitées, voire régressent, comme en atteste la baisse de l’investissement direct étranger observée récemment. Il faut de nouveaux instruments financiers et de nouveaux modes d’interaction pour mobiliser les ressources qui font défaut. Or, malgré des avancées notables, nous ne parvenons pas à encore à cerner avec précision toutes les opportunités et tous les risques auxquels les acteurs de ce nouveau « marché » doivent se mesurer. Ce rapport tire la sonnette d’alarme. Pour concrétiser les engagements du Programme 2030, et sortir des centaines de millions d’êtres humains de l’extrême pauvreté, la communauté internationale doit non seulement mobiliser de nouvelles ressources, mais également accroître la contribution des financements existants à un développement réellement durable. Première édition d’une nouvelle série, ce rapport propose des options innovantes pour améliorer la mesure des flux de financements, la qualité des politiques publiques et la coordination des acteurs afin de réaliser ces objectifs ambitieux.
    DOI: 10.1787/eee36eb1-fr
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  • 27
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    Innovation, productivité et durabilité dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire : Principales conclusions des examens par pays et leçons pour l’action publique (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264584273 , 9789264385535 , 9789264930810
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Productivity and Sustainability in Food and Agriculture: Main Findings from Country Reviews and Policy Lessons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des marchés qui fonctionnent bien dans un environnement réglementaire et de politique publique stable sont essentiels pour améliorer la productivité et la durabilité du secteur alimentaire et agricole. Cela permettrait au secteur de répondre à la demande croissante d'aliments sains, sûrs et nutritifs sans endommager les ressources naturelles, ainsi que de faire face aux défis croissants imposés par le changement climatique. Le présent rapport contient les principales conclusions et leçons tirées d’une série d’examens par pays sur la manière dont les politiques publiques peuvent améliorer la productivité et la durabilité sectorielles grâce à leurs effets sur l’innovation, les changements structurels, l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et le changement climatique. Pour améliorer l'environnement de l’action publique, il faudrait supprimer les politiques qui faussent le plus les marchés et retiennent les agriculteurs dans des activités peu compétitives et à faible revenu, nuisent à l'environnement, freinent l'innovation, ralentissent les changements structurels et générationnels et affaiblissent la capacité de résilience. La politique agricole devrait plutôt s’orienter vers des mesures facilitant l'adoption de technologies et de pratiques qui utilisent les ressources de manière plus efficace et durable, et qui contribuent à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Comme indiqué dans toutes les revues, il est important que les systèmes d'innovation agricole soient davantage collaboratifs et répondent mieux aux besoins réels. Cela nécessite souvent des systèmes de gouvernance plus efficaces, incluant l'élaboration de stratégies à long terme, le renforcement des liens entre les acteurs nationaux et internationaux et la mise au point de procédures d'évaluation complètes et cohérentes. Le financement public de la recherche alimentaire et agricole est crucial et les efforts du secteur privé doivent être renforcés, notamment par le biais de partenariats public-privé. Les systèmes de conseil et de vulgarisation agricoles doivent inclure des prestataires publics et privés compétitifs qui répondent à l’ensemble des besoins. Enfin, l'amélioration de la cohérence globale des politiques contribuerait à renforcer la confiance et à accroître l'efficacité des politiques à chaque étape de la chaîne alimentaire et agricole.
    DOI: 10.1787/830128c5-fr
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    Tax Revenue Implications of Decarbonising Road Transport : Scenarios for Slovenia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264699410 , 9789264627352 , 9789264483637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax revenue implications of decarbonising road transport
    Keywords: Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Steuereinnahmen ; Slowenien ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This report investigates how tax revenue from transport fuels could evolve over time as vehicles rely less on fossil fuels, with a focus on the case study of the Republic of Slovenia. Reducing the reliance on fossil fuels in the transport sector is a welcome development from the perspective of its climate and health impacts and of reduced energy dependence. However, under current settings, reduced fuel use will also lead to a loss of tax revenues, which may put stress on government budgets. Based on simulations for Slovenia, with a 2050 horizon, the report provides an in-depth assessment of the taxation of road transport and investigates how tax policy could adapt to declining fossil fuel use in the long term if the objective is to maintain revenues at current levels while taking fairness and efficiency considerations into account. It finds that gradual tax reforms, with an evolving mix of taxes, shifting from taxes on fuel to taxes on distances driven, can contribute to more sustainable tax policy over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/87b39a2f-en
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  • 29
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    Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060 : Economic Drivers and Environmental Consequences (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global material resources outlook to 2060
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Rohstoffvorkommen ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Rohstoffreserve ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the economic drivers determining the decoupling of economic growth and materials use, and assesses how the projected shifts in sectoral and regional economic activity influence the use of different materials. The projections include both primary and secondary materials, which provides a deeper understanding of what drives the synergies and trade-offs between extraction and recycling. The report projects a doubling of global primary materials use between today and 2060. Population and converging per capita income growth drive the growth in materials use. However, structural change, especially in non-OECD countries, and technology improvements partially dampen that growth. Metals and non-metallic minerals are projected to grow more rapidly than other types of materials.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307452-en
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table ronde de l’Observateur de l’OCDE sur la Finlande (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/f763dd65-fr
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  • 31
    Online Resource
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    Utilisation de plastiques en 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives mondiales des plastiques
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Plastics use in 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce jeu de données offre des estimations détaillées de l'utilisation de plastiques par région, application et polymère pour l'année 2019, qui est l'année de référence des Perspectives Mondiales des Plastiques de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b8b4e28-fr
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plastics use in 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Global Plastics Outlook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Utilisation de plastiques en 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastics use by region, application and polymer for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/efff24eb-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    Material resources: Material resources (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides information on material resources, i.e. materials originating from natural resources that form the material basis of the economy: metals (ferrous, non-ferrous) non-metallic minerals (construction minerals, industrial minerals), biomass (wood, food) and fossil energy carriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/261e2ad1-en
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Patents in environment-related technologies: Technology indicators (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The indicators presented, (see indicators' description below), refer to inventions filed in one or more jurisdictions (family size 1 or greater) or in two or more jurisdictions (family size 2 or greater). A patent family is defined as the set of all patent applications protecting the same ‘priority' (as defined by the Paris Convention) For "Diffusion of environment-related technologies" indicators, only "restricted coverage" (i.e. at least 90% of patent office coverage) is used.
    DOI: 10.1787/5c24da47-en
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  • 35
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    Complementing Guideline for Writing ESDs: The Life-Cycle Step "service-life" (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264500655
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.19
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is a complement to the Guidance Document on Emission Scenario Documents (ESDs) and aims to help writers of ESDs to identify whether emissions during service-life may be of importance and therefore need to be included. It will also give an orientation on key aspects connected to such releases that need to be considered in an exposure assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0dcebe4-en
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  • 36
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    Second Edition - Guidance Document on Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for Serious Eye Damage and Eye Irritation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.263
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document suggests an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for serious eye damage and eye irritation hazard identification. The document also provides key information characteristics of each of the individual information sources comprising the IATA. Furthermore it provides guidance on how and when to integrate existing and/or newly generated information for decision making, including decisions on the need for further testing or final decisions on classification and labelling regarding the potential eye hazard effects of test chemicals.
    DOI: 10.1787/84b83321-en
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  • 37
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    Guiding Principles and Key Elements for Establishing a Weight of Evidence for Chemical Assessment (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264696815
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.311
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is intended to provide universal Guiding Principles that should be considered when developing or augmenting systematic approaches to Weight of Evidence (WoE) for chemical evaluation and Key Elements to formulating a systematic approach to WoE. The ultimate goal is to facilitate that regulators follow a consistent, clear and transparent delivery of evidence using the Principles and Elements described in this document. This can be especially helpful for countries with no existing WoE frameworks or those looking to augment their approaches. It also allows for stakeholders to understand a WoE decision-making process, including potential for unreasonable bias. These Guiding Principles and Key Elements can be employed to develop frameworks that range from simple and pragmatic approaches to more elaborate systems, depending on the context.
    DOI: 10.1787/f11597f6-en
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  • 38
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    Saving Costs in Chemicals Management : How the OECD Ensures Benefits to Society (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312098 , 9789264312104 , 9789264311718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Saving costs in chemicals management
    Keywords: Chemieindustrie ; Sicherheit ; Risikomanagement ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Chemische Industrie ; Sicherheit ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: The chemical industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in the world and is expected to grow fourfold by 2060. Indeed modern life without chemicals would be inconceivable. Given the potential environmental and human health risks from exposure to chemicals, governments and industry have a major responsibility to ensure that chemicals are produced and used safely. The OECD assists countries in developing and implementing policies and instruments that protect human health and the environment, and in making their systems for managing chemicals as efficient as possible. To eliminate duplication of work and avoid non-tariff barriers to trade, emphasis has been on developing shared frameworks for gathering and assessing information on potential chemical risks. The time-tested OECD Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) system provides a major basis for generating savings to governments and industry. This report provides an overview of the benefits and estimates the total savings from OECD work to be more than EUR 309 million per year.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311718-en
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  • 39
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    OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/9c798742-en
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  • 40
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    Plastic waste in 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Global Plastics Outlook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Déchets plastiques en 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastic waste by region and end-of-life fate for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/a92f5ea3-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 41
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    Plastic leakage in 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Global Plastics Outlook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rejet de plastiques en 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides detailed estimates of plastic leakage to the environment for the year 2019, which is the reference year of the OECD Global Plastics Outlook.
    DOI: 10.1787/108fd7fd-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 42
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    Déchets plastiques en 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Perspectives mondiales des plastiques
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Plastic waste in 2019
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce jeu de données offre des estimations détaillées des déchets plastiques par région et mode de gestion en fin de vie pour l'année 2019, qui est l'année de référence des Perspectives Mondiales des Plastiques de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/88e97365-fr
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  • 43
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    Air and climate: Air emissions by source (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset presents trends in man-made emissions of major air pollutants by sources.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ed9ad0d-en
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  • 44
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    Forest resources (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset presents data that help to trace net changes in terms of volume in the growing stock of standing wood on forest land.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0737cd8-en
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  • 45
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    Air and climate: Carbon Dioxide Emissions embodied in International Trade (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Indicators in the OECD database on Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions embodied in international trade are derived by combining the 2015 version of OECD's Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Database with International Energy Agency (IEA) statistics on CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Production-based CO2 emissions are estimated by allocating the IEA CO2 emissions to the 34 target industries in OECD ICIO and, to final demand for fuels, by both residents and non-residents. Consumption-based CO2 emissions are calculated by multiplying the intensities of the production-based emissions (c) with the global Leontief inverse (I-A)(-1) and global final demand matrix (Y) from OECD ICIO, taking the column sums of the resulting matrix and adding residential and private road emissions (FNLC), i.e. direct emissions from final demand: colsum [ diag(c) (I-A)(-1) Y ] + FNLC. The ICIO system includes discrepancies in the trade data (referred to as DISC). Emissions allocated to DISC are made explicit (e.g. in indicator FD_CO2). This ensures that global CO2 production equals global CO2 consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/8ee73ce5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Linking the Indigenous Sami People with Regional Development in Sweden (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310544 , 9789264310568 , 9789264310551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking the indigenous Sami people with regional development in Sweden
    Keywords: Saami ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Integration ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Schweden ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Schweden ; Samen ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310544-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 47
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    Environmental protection expenditure and revenues (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides information on all purposeful activities directly aimed at the prevention, reduction and elimination of pollution or any other degradation of the environment resulting from production or consumption processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e42d61b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 48
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    OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels: Colombia (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: This database refers to the OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels, taking stock of almost 800 spending programmes and tax breaks used by governments in 36 OECD countries and 6 key emerging G20 economies (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa) to encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/1475e0f8-en
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  • 49
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    Online Resource
    Patents in environment-related technologies: International collaboration in technology development by inventor country (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset introduces patent-based indicators such as indicators of technology development, indicators of international collaboration in technology development, indicators of technology diffusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/30af9abd-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green growth indicators (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset contains selected indicators for monitoring progress towards green growth to support policy making and inform the public at large. The dataset covers OECD countries as well as BRIICS economies (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa), and selected countries when possible.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3557fcf-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 51
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    Water: Sewage sludge production and disposal (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset contains : Sludge production and disposal by different use for 29 countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/1900ef98-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 52
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    Waste: Food Waste (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: The OECD food waste dataset is a compilation of available data related to food loss and food waste for 32 countries. The period covered may vary across different countries depending on data availability (globally ranging from 1993 to 2013).
    DOI: 10.1787/8fb3dd68-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 53
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    Land resources: Built-up area and built-up area change in countries and regions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Global Human Settlement built-up layers map the extent and change over time of built-up areas. It is one product of an ongoing larger framework that produces spatial information about the human presence on the planet.
    DOI: 10.1787/357174c7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 54
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    Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset measures the residual growth in the joint production of both the desirable and the undesirable outputs that cannot be explained by changes in the consumption of factor inputs (including labour, produced capital and natural capital). Therefore, for a given growth of input use, the Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity (EAMFP) increases when GDP increases or when pollution decreases.
    DOI: 10.1787/96f4e426-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 55
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    Land resources: Land cover in countries and regions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Loss of biodiversity and pressures on ecosystem services are among the most pressing global environmental challenges. Changes in land cover and land use are the leading contributors to terrestrial biodiversity loss.
    DOI: 10.1787/fc24be30-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 56
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    Air quality and health: Exposure to PM2.5 fine particles – metropolitan areas (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset presents mean population exposures to outdoor and ambient PM2.5 particles in metropolitan areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/78fc88a9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 57
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    Water: Freshwater resources (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset takes stock of available freshwater resources in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/8581d1b4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 58
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    Biodiversity: Protected areas (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset answers the questions: how extensive are protected areas and what management objectives are pursued via protected area designation?
    DOI: 10.1787/d283f468-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 59
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    Land resources: Built-up area and built-up area change in metropolitan areas (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Global Human Settlement built-up layers map the extent and change over time of built-up areas. It is one product of an ongoing larger framework that produces spatial information about the human presence on the planet.
    DOI: 10.1787/3af0f0c0-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 60
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    Online Resource
    Environmental policy: Environmental policy instruments (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset provides information on the instruments used for environmental policy (environmentally related taxes).
    DOI: 10.1787/c3f815cf-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 61
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    Water: Wastewater plants treatment capacity (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Data for European countries comes directly from the E.U. statistical agency (EUROSTAT) Data is expressed in tons of O2/day
    DOI: 10.1787/9e4244e8-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 62
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    OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels: Latvia (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This database refers to the OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels, taking stock of almost 800 spending programmes and tax breaks used by governments in 33 OECD countries and 6 key emerging G20 economies (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa) to encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/820e0e10-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 63
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    OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels: Argentina (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    DOI: 10.1787/1d285f23-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 64
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    Air quality and health: Exposure to PM2.5 fine particles - countries and regions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset presents mean population exposures to outdoor and ambient PM2.5 particles split by macror- and micro-regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ab29d87-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 65
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    Land resources: Land use (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset contains information concerning land use state and changes (e.g. agricultural land, forest land).
    DOI: 10.1787/04c38619-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 66
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    Land resources: Land cover change in countries and regions (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Loss of biodiversity and pressures on ecosystem services are among the most pressing global environmental challenges. Changes in land cover and land use are the leading contributors to terrestrial biodiversity loss.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9a983e8-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 67
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    Material resources: Mineral and Energy Resources (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Mineral and energy resources are one of the seven environmental assets considered in the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA, 2012). They are non-renewable resources which cannot be regenerated over a human timescale in spite of their prominent role in sustaining economic activities. From an economic, environmental and supply security perspective, it is therefore important to gather harmonised data on their rate of extraction and current availability.
    DOI: 10.1787/77a45acf-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 68
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    Air and climate : Contenu en émissions de dioxyde de carbone des échanges internationaux (Édition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Air and climate: Carbon Dioxide Emissions embodied in International Trade (Edition 2019)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les indicateurs de l'OCDE sur le contenu en émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) des échanges internationaux sont établis à partir de la version de 2015 des Tableaux Internationaux des Entrées-Sorties de l'OCDE (TIES) et des statistiques de l'Agence Internationale pour l'Energie (AIE) concernant les émissions de CO2 liées à la combustion de fioul. Les émissions de CO2 liées à la production sont estimées en assignant les données de l'AIE sur les émissions de CO2, aux 34 secteurs d'activités des TIES de l'OCDE, ainsi qu'à la demande finale de fioul, répartie à la fois selon les résidents et les non-résidents. Les émissions de CO2 liées à la consommation sont, quant à elles, calculées en multipliant les intensités des émissions dues à la production (c) par la matrice inverse mondiale de Leontief (I-A)(-1) et la matrice de la demande finale mondiale (Y) des TIES de l'OCDE. Pour ce faire, on retiendra la colonne des sommes de la matrice de résultats et on y ajoutera les émissions residentielles ainsi que celles liées aux réseaux routiers privés (FNLC), i.e. les émissions directes de la demande finale: colsum [ diag(c) (I-A)(-1) Y ] + FNLC. Le système TIES comptabilise les différences parfois inhérentes aux données sur les échanges (ici référencées sous le code DISC). Les émissions rattachées à DISC figurent explicitement dans les données des indicateurs concernés (e.g. voir l'indicateur FD_CO2). Cela permet de s'assurer que sur le plan mondial, les émissions de CO2 dues à la production correspondent à celles imputables à la consommation de CO2.
    DOI: 10.1787/118cc8a7-fr
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  • 69
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    Water: Wastewater generation and discharge (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset contains: Direct discharges, Generation of wastewater, Industrial wastewater, Urban wastewater and Total discharges by pollutant.
    DOI: 10.1787/909f5bc5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 70
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    Waste: Municipal waste (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset presents trends in amounts of municipal generated, and the treatment and disposal method used.
    DOI: 10.1787/039a0179-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 71
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    Air quality and health: Mortality and welfare cost from exposure to air pollution (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Air pollution is considered one of the most pressing environmental and health issues across OECD countries and beyond. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) have potentially the most significant adverse effects on health compared to other pollutants.
    DOI: 10.1787/73028839-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 72
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    Land resources: Surface water and surface water change (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Surface water changes impact in different ways on biodiversity and climate. Both surface water gains and losses have biodiversity costs and impacts on ecosystem service provision. Damming is known to be one of the most important anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Dams fragment river systems and potentially block migration routes, leading to the loss of megafauna as well as changing the downstream flooding patterns and sediment deposition leading to the loss of floodplains, riparian zones and wetlands.
    DOI: 10.1787/a50aa6b5-en
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  • 73
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    Environmental policy: Environmental Policy Stringency index (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The OECD Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS) is a country-specific and internationally-comparable measure of the stringency of environmental policy. Stringency is defined as the degree to which environmental policies put an explicit or implicit price on polluting or environmentally harmful behaviour. It covers 28 countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ba28a31-en
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  • 74
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    Land resources: Land cover in metropolitan areas (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Loss of biodiversity and pressures on ecosystem services are among the most pressing global environmental challenges. Changes in land cover and land use are the leading contributors to terrestrial biodiversity loss.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a0c2f18-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 75
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    Biodiversity: Threatened species (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This dataset on biodiversity shows numbers of known species and threatened species with the aim of indicating the state of mammals, birds, freshwater fish, reptiles, amphibians and vascular plants.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c31ff05-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 76
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    Key tourism indicators (Edition 2019) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Tourism Statistics
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Tourism can be regarded as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people outside their usual place of residence. Gross domestic product (GDP) in tourism corresponds to the part of GDP generated by all industries in response to internal tourism consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/59be3446-en
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  • 77
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    Blockchain technologies as a digital enabler for sustainable infrastructure (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 16
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.16
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/0ec26947-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 78
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172739 , 9789264738621 , 9789264477629
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ESAO Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju 2019.gads
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia has come a long way in improving its environmental performance and the well-being of the population. Large amounts of investment have helped increase the use of renewables, improve energy efficiency of homes, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and extend access to water and waste services. However, convergence with more advanced OECD economies is far from being accomplished. Forestry and agriculture play a key economic role, but exert increasing pressures on biodiversity. Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into economic development policies should be a priority. Accelerating the transition towards a low-carbon and circular economy will require major investment in sustainable infrastructure, more waste prevention and recycling and stronger economic instruments. This is the first Environmental Performance Review of Latvia. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste and circular economy, and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
    DOI: 10.1787/2cb03cdd-en
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    Enhancing the Economic Regulatory System for Moldova’s Water Supply and Sanitation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264464742 , 9789264842281 , 9789264582460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe УСИЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЯ В МОЛДОВЕ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing the economic regulatory system for Moldova's water supply and sanitation
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of ; Moldawien ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasser
    Abstract: This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”). The prevailing policy framework calls for drastic developments in WSS to modernise and optimise WSS systems and improve operational efficiency (non-revenue water, staff-output ratios etc.) – in line with domestic and international commitments (including the Association Agreement with the European Union, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the national WSS strategy). This report outlines ways and means for strengthening the capacity of the Moldovan government to provide sound regulation and that of WSS operators to deliver higher standards of service while ensuring the affordability of WSS services. Such a transition cannot happen overnight. It requires a sound economic regulatory system conducive to affordability, cost recovery and debt servicing, and a realistic performance improvement path for water utilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/8696bde7-en
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  • 80
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    Waste Management and the Circular Economy in Selected OECD Countries : Evidence from Environmental Performance Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264702912 , 9789264840584 , 9789264309395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waste management and the circular economy in selected OECD countries
    Keywords: Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling
    Abstract: This report provides a cross-country review of waste, materials management and circular economy policies in selected OECD countries, drawing on OECD’s Environmental Performance Reviews during the period 2010-17. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges, and provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of waste, materials management and circular economy policy frameworks. As the selected reviews were published over a seven-year period, information for some countries may be more recent than for others. Nevertheless, the policy recommendations emerging from the reviews may provide useful lessons for other OECD countries and partner economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309395-en
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  • 81
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    Climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries in 2013-17 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264466531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Keywords: 2013-2017 ; Klimaschutz ; Finanzierung ; Industrieländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents OECD estimates of annual volumes of climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013-17. These estimates include bilateral and multilateral public finance, official-supported export credits and mobilised private finance. The underpinning accounting framework is consistent with the one used by the OECD in 2015 to produce estimates of climate finance for the years 2013-14, as well as that used in 2016 to produce 2020 climate finance projections. Furthermore, it is also consistent with the outcome of the UNFCCC COP24 on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilised through public interventions.
    DOI: 10.1787/39faf4a7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 82
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    Making Blended Finance Work for Water and Sanitation : Unlocking Commercial Finance for SDG 6 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264547858 , 9789264963818 , 9789264516939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making blended finance work for water and sanitation
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Wohltätigkeit ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserversorgung ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Investments in water and sanitation are a prerequisite to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular on SDG 6 ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Blended finance can play an important role in strategically investing development finance to mobilise additional commercial finance needed to fill the current investment gaps. Thus far, however, blended finance has not reached scale in the water and sanitation sector. A greater evidence base is needed to better understand the current applications as well as the potential of blended models in the water and sanitation sector. This publication takes a commercial investment perspective and provides insights into three subsectors: (1) water and sanitation utilities, (2) small-scale off-grid sanitation and (3) multi-purpose water infrastructure and landscape-based approaches. The publication draws out recommendations for policy makers and practitioners to apply and scale innovative blended finance approaches where most appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/5efc8950-en
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  • 83
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    Safety Assessment of Foods and Feeds Derived from Transgenic Crops, Volume 3 : Common bean, Rice, Cowpea and Apple Compositional Considerations (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264913608 , 9789264386464 , 9789264424371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Novel Food and Feed Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from transgenic crops ; volume 3: Common bean, rice, cowpea and apple compositional considerations
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.
    DOI: 10.1787/f04f3c98-en
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  • 84
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Thailand : Volume 3: From Analysis to Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264897236 , 9789264777712 , 9789264741065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Strong growth has enabled the country to join the group of upper-middle-income economies in the early 2010s and to perform well in many areas. At the same time, the benefits of prosperity have not been shared evenly nationwide and the economic development has taken a toll on the environment. Moving forward, Thailand needs to master three transitions to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth: enabling further growth by unlocking the full potential of all Thailand’s regions; developing more effective methods of organisation and collaboration between actors and levels of government; managing water security and disaster risk. Based on the previous volume’s in-depth analysis and policy recommendations, this report suggests a set of actions to support these transitions. The actions focus on the North of Thailand, one of the most diverse and yet poorest regions of the country.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ef9363b-en
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  • 85
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    Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264916784
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is 〉 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
    DOI: 10.1787/a13f80ee-en
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  • 86
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    Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264628267 , 9789264597044 , 9789264764361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biodiversity
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzierung ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Artenreichtum ; Biodiversität ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: The Convention on Biological Diversity’s 15th Conference of the Parties (CBD COP15) in 2020 marks a critical juncture for one of the defining global challenges of our time: the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which underpin nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Transformative changes are needed to ensure biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and the delivery of the ecosystem services upon which all life depends. This report sets the economic and business case for urgent and ambitious action on biodiversity. It presents a preliminary assessment of current biodiversity-related finance flows, and discusses the key data and indicator gaps that need to be addressed to underpin effective monitoring of both the pressures on biodiversity and the actions (i.e. responses) being implemented. The report concludes with ten priority areas where G7 and other countries can prioritise their efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/928181a8-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/biodiversity-finance-and-the-economic-and-business-case-for-action_a3147942-en
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  • 87
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    Trends and Drivers of Agri-environmental Performance in OECD Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264770065 , 9789264869721 , 9789264319837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trends and drivers of agri-environmental performance in OECD countries
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/b59b1142-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/trends-and-drivers-of-agri-environmental-performance-in-oecd-countries_b59b1142-en
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  • 88
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    Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264641297 , 9789264563414 , 9789264887855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Recent digital innovations provide opportunities to deliver better policies for the agriculture sector by helping to overcome information gaps and asymmetries, lower policy-related transaction costs, and enable people with different preferences and incentives to work better together. Drawing on ten illustrative case studies and unique new data gathered via an OECD questionnaire on agri-environmental policy organisations' experiences with digital tools, this report explores opportunities to improve current agricultural and agri-environmental policies, and to deliver new, digitally enabled and information-rich policy approaches. It also considers challenges that organisations may face to make greater use of digital tools for policy, as well as new risks which increased use of digital tools may bring. The report provides practical advice on how policy makers can address challenges and mitigate risks to ensure digital opportunities for policy are realised in practice. Finally, the report briefly considers the broader regulatory and policy environment underpinning digitalisation of the agriculture sector, with the view to ensuring that use of digital tools for agricultural and agri-environmental policy remains coherent with the digitalisation of agriculture more generally.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/571a0812-en
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  • 89
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    Customisation Opportunities of IUCLID for the Management of Chemical Data (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.297
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The IUCLID (International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database) can be customised to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. The version 6 of IUCLID software released in 2016 allows for greater customisation of IUCLID and for extension and integration with other tools. For example, the standard IUCLID data elements can be extended to capture specific information for specific legislative data needs before they are added to the OHTs. This document describes four main elements related to the customisation of IUCLID including how the IUCLID format can be configured and customised, the main IUCLID features and add-ons, integration with other systems and development of alternative user interfaces. The document also outlines how customisation of these different elements requires different expertise and resources. It incorporates user stories regarding customisation of and data migration to IUCLID from ECHA, Australia, and Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0a6989d-en
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  • 90
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    Tinjauan OECD Terhadap Kebijakan Pertumbuhan Hijau Indonesia 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264745117
    Language: Undetermined
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Green Growth Policy Review of Indonesia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Indonesia
    Abstract: Indonesia adalah negara dengan populasi tertinggi keempat dan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Pertumbuhan ekonominya yang kuat telah mengangkat jutaan orang keluar dari kemiskinan. Namun, keberhasilan ekonomi menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan. Dengan perubahan guna lahan yang pesat dan ketergantungan pada energi fosil, Indonesia adalah salah satu penghasil emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar dunia. Deforestasi dan polusi menciptakan tekanan pada ekosistem Indonesia yang luar biasa beragam. Jasa lingkungan hidup seperti pasokan air, sanitasi, dan pengelolaan limbah perlu terus diperluas dan diperbaiki. Agar Indonesia dapat bergerak menuju perekonomian hijau, dibutuhkan upaya untuk mengembangkan kebijakan, menguatkan aspek kelembagaan, dan memastikan ketersediaan sumber daya. Terbitan ini laporan Tinjauan Kebijakan Pertumbuhan Hijau Indonesia yang pertama. Tinjauan mencakup kemajuan Indonesia menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan dan pertumbuhan hijau, dengan fokus pada neksus guna lahan, ekosistem, dan perubahan iklim.
    DOI: 10.1787/5668086d-id
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  • 91
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    OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9786055294984
    Language: Turkish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: Türkiye hızla artan sera gazı emisyonları ile en hızlı büyümeye sahip OECD ekonomisidir. Türkiye’nin ekonomik büyümesi, 2008 yılından beri, hava emisyonları, enerji kullanımı, atık üretimi ve su tüketiminden nispeten ayrışmıştır. Ancak, Türkiye ekonomisinin kaynak yoğunluğunun yüksekliği ve fosil yakıtlara büyük orandaki bağımlılığı çevre üzerindeki baskıları mutlak olarak artırmaya devam edecektir. Ülkenin çevresel performansının iyileşmesi için düşük karbonlu döngüsel bir ekonomiye geçişte daha fazla ilerleme kaydedilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu Türkiye’nin üçüncü Çevresel Performans İncelemesi’dir. Bu raporda, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve yeşil ekonomi yönündeki ilerleme, iklim değişikliği ve kentsel atıksu yönetimi özel alanları ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir.
    DOI: 10.1787/653318da-tr
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  • 92
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    Complementing Document to the Emission Scenario Document on Plastic Additives: Plastic Additives during the Use of End Products (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264417656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.38
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is a complement document to the Emission Scenario Document on Plastic Additives, ESD No. 3, and provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f74e9e4-en
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  • 93
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    ESAO Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju 2019.gads (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264530423
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvija ir mērojusi garu ceļu vides raksturlielumu un iedzīvotāju labklājības uzlabošanā. Liels investīciju apjoms ir palīdzējis palielināt atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu izmantošanu, uzlabot mājokļu energoefektivitāti, samazināt siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas un paplašināt piekļuvi ūdens un atkritumu apsaimniekošanas pakalpojumiem. Tomēr Latvija vēl ir tālu no pietuvošanās attīstītākām ESAO ekonomikām. Mežsaimniecībai un lauksaimniecībai ir izšķiroša ekonomiskā nozīme, bet tās arvien vairāk apdraud bioloģisko daudzveidību. Bioloģiskās daudzveidības apsvērumu integrēšanai ekonomikas attīstības politikā jābūt prioritātei. Lai paātrinātu pāreju uz oglekļa mazietilpīgu un aprites ekonomiku, būs vajadzīgas lielas investīcijas ilgtspējīgā infrastruktūrā, būs jāpalielina atkritumu rašanās novēršana un pārstrāde, kā arī būs vajadzīgi spēcīgāki ekonomiskie instrumenti. Šis ir pirmais Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju. Šī saīsinātā versija ietver kopsavilkumu, kā arī oficiālo pārskata novērtējumu un ieteikumus. Pārskatā novērtēts panāktais progress virzībā uz ilgtspējīgu attīstību un zaļo izaugsmi, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot atkritumiem, aprites ekonomikai, bioloģiskās daudzveidības saglabāšanai un ilgtspējīgai izmantošanai.
    DOI: 10.1787/f42e7030-lv
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  • 94
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    Accélération anthropique du cycle de l’azote : Gérer les risques et l’incertitude (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264675957 , 9789264897373 , 9789264513549
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Human Acceleration of the Nitrogen Cycle: Managing Risks and Uncertainty
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Cette publication examine les risques associés au rejet d'azote en excès dans l'environnement (changement climatique, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, pollution de l'air, pollution de l'eau, perte de biodiversité, détérioration de la qualité des sols). Le rapport examine également l'incertitude associée à la capacité de l'azote de passer d'un écosystème à un autre et de provoquer des « effets en cascade ». Outre une meilleure gestion des risques liés à l'azote au niveau local, il faut considérer les risques au niveau global liés à l’augmentation continue des concentrations d’hémioxyde d’azote et prévenir l’excès d’azote sous toutes ses formes en élaborant des stratégies efficaces au regard de leurs coûts pour toutes les sources. La publication fournit des indications sur l’utilisation des instruments de politique relative à l’azote et sur la manière d’assurer la cohérence avec des objectifs tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité énergétique et les objectifs environnementaux autres que la réduction de la pollution par l’azote.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf7ae81b-fr
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  • 95
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309760 , 9789264309777 , 9789264309753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: Turkey is the fastest growing OECD economy with rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2008, its economic growth has been relatively decoupled from air emissions, energy use, waste generation and water consumption. However, the high resource intensity of Turkey’s economy and its heavy reliance on fossil fuels will continue to increase these environmental pressures in absolute terms. More progress is needed in the transition to a low-carbon, circular economy to improve the country’s environmental performance. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Turkey. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on climate change and urban wastewater management.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309753-en
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  • 96
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    Sustainable Infrastructure for Low-Carbon Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus : Hotspot Analysis and Needs Assessment (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730441 , 9789264628342 , 9789264609228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Mongolia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Uzbekistan ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/d1aa6ae9-en
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  • 97
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    Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova : Summary Report of Project Implementation 2016-2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264383203 , 9789264393509 , 9789264769359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Kasachstan ; Kirgisistan ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report presents the objectives, methodology, procedures and main findings of the OECD project "Strengthening public finance capacity for green investments in the EECCA countries". Between 2016-19, the project aimed to help set the partner countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) on a sustainable path of development by reducing the energy and carbon intensity of their economies. Working with the relevant ministry in each country, the project designed public investment programmes in line with good international practices. These programmes sought to address key objectives of the countries' environmental and climate-related policies. The Clean Public Transport Programmes focus specifically on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the target sector, primarily in large urban areas. They aim to demonstrate how to use scarce public funds to encourage private sector investment in projects that generate significant environmental and socio-economic benefits alike.
    DOI: 10.1787/fcb6c9de-en
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  • 98
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    Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation and Green Investment in Moldova (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264499348 , 9789264924062 , 9789264653474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Moldova, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Moldova to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Chisinau and Balti and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/31925aae-en
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  • 99
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    Essai no. 495 : Essai de Photoréactivité DRO (Dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374379
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 495: Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La phototoxicité est définie comme une réaction toxique causée par des produits chimiques photoréactifs administrés par voie topique ou systémique, après exposition du corps à la lumière ambiante. Plusieurs classes de produits chimiques photoréactifs peuvent provoquer des réactions phototoxiques lorsqu’ils sont activés par la lumière, à des doses ne présentant pas d’autres effets toxiques. La phototoxicité peut être subdivisée en photo-irritation, photoallergie et photogénotoxicité. Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la phototoxicité d’un produit chimique. L’événement principal dans toute réaction phototoxique est l’absorption des photons d’une longueur d’onde qui induit l’excitation du chromophore. L’énergie d’excitation est souvent transférée aux molécules d’oxygène, suivies par la génération de ROS (Reactive Oxygene Species). Les mesures sont effectuées à l’aide d’un spectromètre. La détermination de la génération ROS à partir de produits chimiques irradiés avec la lumière du soleil simulée est révélateur d’un potentiel phototoxique.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe948955-fr
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  • 100
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264537156 , 9789264857001 , 9789264363694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Danemark 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark's energy and carbon intensities are among the lowest in the OECD area. Green taxation as a share of GDP is the highest in the OECD, and the country is a leader in eco-innovation. Denmark has also achieved impressive results in the material recovery of most waste streams and reached a political agreement to move to a circular economy. It is an international standard setter for chemical risk assessment. However, municipal waste generation remains the highest in the OECD area. Many bodies of water do not reach good ecological status. Levels of exposure to fine particles remain above international standards. Terrestrial biodiversity suffers from the lack of well-connected protected areas. Further steps will need to be taken to achieve the stated goal of a climate neutral economy by 2050. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Denmark. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste, materials management and the circular economy and chemicals management.
    DOI: 10.1787/1eeec492-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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