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  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • Niiniluoto, Ilkka  (2)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (2)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • London [u.a.] : Routledge
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401025966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (269p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, And on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 53
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Theoretical concepts and inductive Inference -- 1. Problems of Inductive Systematization: the Transitivity Dilemma -- 2. Inductive Systematization Established by Theories -- 3. A Logical Framework for the Dynamics of Conceptual Change and Induction -- 2. Hintikka’s Two-Dimensional Continuum of Inductive Logic -- 1. Summary of Hintikka’s Two-dimensional Continuum -- 2. The Treatment of Incomplete Evidence -- 3. Inductive Probabilities of Weak Generalizations -- 1. Probabilities in the Observational Language -- 2. Evidential Theoretical Concepts -- 3. Non-Evidential Theoretical Concepts -- 4. Inductive Probabilities of Strong Generalizations -- 5. Piecewise Definable Theoretical Concepts -- 6. Epistemic Utilities and Inductive Systematization -- 1. Measures of Information and Systematic Power -- 2. Expected Epistemic Utilities of Generalizations -- 3. Competing Generalizations -- 7. Theoretical Concepts and Inductive Explanation -- 1. Explanatory Power of Theories -- 2. Inductive Explanation Illustrated -- 3. Positive Inductive Relevance, Supersessance, and Screening Off -- 4. Inductive Explanation within Hintikka’s System -- 8. Corroboration and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Theoretical and Observational Support -- 2. Measures of Corroboration Based on Positive Inductive Relevance -- 3. Hintikka’s Measure of Corroboration -- 9. The Logical Indispensability of Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 1. The Theoretician’s Dilemma: Methodological Instrumentalism Refuted -- 2. Logical Indispensability and Positive Inductive Relevance -- 3. Logical Indispensability and Rules of Acceptance -- 10. Linguistic Variance in Inductive Logic -- 1. Linguistic Invariance and Linguistic Variance -- 2. Probability Kinematics -- 3. Goodman’s New Riddle of Induction -- 11. Towards a Non-Inductivist Logic of Induction -- 1. Deductivism and Inductivism -- 2. Hypothetico-Deductive and Hypothetico-Inductive Inference -- 3. The Atheoretical Thesis -- 4. Converse Deduction and Indirect Support -- 5. Conjectures.
    Abstract: Conceptual change and its connection to the development of new seien­ tific theories has reeently beeome an intensively discussed topic in philo­ sophieal literature. Even if the inductive aspects related to conceptual change have already been discussed to some extent, there has so far existed no systematic treatment of inductive change due to conceptual enrichment. This is what we attempt to accomplish in this work, al­ though most of our technical results are restricted to the framework of monadic languages. We extend Hintikka's system of inductive logic to apply to situations in which new concepts are introduced to the original language. By interpreting them as theoretica1 concepts, it is possible to discuss a number of currently debated philosophical and methodological problems which have previously escaped systematic and exact treatment. For instance, the role which seientific theories employing theoretical con­ cepts may play within inductive inference can be studied within this framework. From the viewpoint of seientific realism, sueh a study gives outlines for a theory of what we call hypothetico-induetive inference. Some parts of this work which are based on Hintikka's system of in­ ductive logic are fairly technical. However, no previous knowledge of this system is required, but, in general, acquaintance with the basic ideas of elementary logic and probability theory is suffieient. This work is part of a project, originated by Professors Jaakko Hintikka and Raimo Tuomela, concerning the role of theoretical concepts in science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401025683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Logic (Section IV) -- An Intensional Interpretation of Truth-Values -- Intensional Descriptions and Relative Completeness in the General Interpreted Modal Calculus MCV -- Singular Terms and Statements of Identity -- Adequate Models for the Non-Fregean Sentential Calculus (SCI) -- Doubts about Some Standard Arguments for Church’s Thesis -- II: Probability (Section VI) -- On the Causal Structure of Random Processes -- The Paradox of Anomaly -- Some Problems in the Constructive Probability Theory -- Evidence and Conceptual Change -- Empirically Trivial Theories and Inductive Systematization -- Are Some Propensities Probabilities? -- Questions and Their Pragmatic Value -- Prediction, Complexity, and Randomness -- Rules for Reasonable Belief Change -- III: Language (Section XI) -- Models for Text Grammars -- Tolerance Spaces and Linguistics -- Modal Tic-Tac-Toe -- On Binary Relations in Linguistic and Other Semiotic and Social Systems -- Worlds, Games and Pragmemes: A Unified Theory of Speech Acts -- On Occasional Expressions -- Combinators and Deep Structure -- Linguistic Theory and ‘Meaning?Text’ Type Models -- Properties of the Derivations According to a Context- Free Grammar -- The Treatment of Reference in Linguistic Description -- Fregean Categorial Grammar -- A Model-Theoretic Approach to Some Problems in the Semantics of Empirical Languages -- Methodological Relevance of Language Models with Expanding Sets of Sentences -- A New Type of Syntactic Projectivity: SD Projectivity -- On the Representation of Generative Grammars as First-Order Theories -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philos­ ophy of Science was held in Bucharest, Romania, on August 29-September 4, 1971. The Congress was organized, under the auspices of the Inter­ national Union for History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, by the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, the Academy of Social and Political Sciences of the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the Ministry of Education of Romania. With more than eight hundred participating scholars from thirty-four countries, the Congress was one of the major scientific events of the year 1971. The dedicated efforts of the organizers, the rich and carefully planned program, and the warm and friendly atmosphere contributed to making the Congress a successful and fruitful forum of exchange of scientific ideas. The work of the Congress consisted of invited one hour and half-hour addresses, symposia, and contributed papers. The proceedings were organized into twelve sections of Mathematical Logic, Foundations of Mathematical Theories, Automata and Programming Languages, Philos­ ophy of Logic and Mathematics, General Problems of Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Foundations of Probability and Induction, Methodology and Philosophy of Physical Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Biological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Psychological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Historical and Social Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Linguistics, and History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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