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  • de Bienassis, Katherine  (14)
  • Morgan, David  (11)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (25)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (25)
  • Nuclear Energy
  • 1
    Online Resource
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    Understanding international measures of health spending : Age-adjusting expenditure on health (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Messung ; Altersstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing health system performance over time or across countries often means comparing populations with very different characteristics, including age structure. The share of the population aged 65 years and over ranges from less than 1 in 10 in some of the Latin American countries of the OECD to almost 3 in 10 in Japan. At the same time, populations are aging rapidly - on average across the OECD, there are 20% more people over 65 since 2015. Since risk of illness and ill-health generally increases with age, a population with an older demographic structure can expect higher mortality rates, greater incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, and thus higher demands for healthcare and, by consequence, higher spending on health. This working paper argues that the level of health spending depends not only on the size of the population (among other factors), but also on the demographic structure of the population. The paper reviews the international literature on age-adjusting health spending, and examines three methods of age-adjustment to report and compare health expenditure data between OECD countries and over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/043ed664-en
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  • 2
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    Ökonomie der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit : Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit durch kollektives Echtzeit-Lernen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of medication safety: Improving medication safety through collective, real-time learning
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Durch ungeeignete Arzneimitteltherapien und inadäquate Systeminfrastrukturen, die unzureichende Adhärenz, medikationsbedingte Schäden und Medikationsfehler nach sich ziehen, kommen nur allzu oft Patient*innen zu Schaden. Im OECD-Raum ist möglicherweise ein Zehntel der Krankenhauseinweisungen auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführen, und bei einem Fünftel der stationär behandelten Patient*innen treten während des Krankenhausaufenthalts medikationsbedingte Schädigungen auf. Die Kosten der vermeidbaren, auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführenden Hospitalisierungen sowie der längeren Krankenhausaufenthalte aufgrund von vermeidbaren, im Krankenhaus auftretenden medikationsbedingten Schäden belaufen sich im OECD-Raum insgesamt auf mehr als 54 Mrd. USD. Der vorliegende Bericht umfasst vier Teile. Im ersten Teil werden die menschlichen und wirtschaftlichen Kosten medikationsbedingter sicherheitsrelevanter Ereignisse im OECD-Raum untersucht. Der zweite Teil beschreibt Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Verordnungspraxis, der dritte Teil befasst sich mit den neusten Systemen und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit und im vierten Teil folgen Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit auf nationaler Ebene.
    DOI: 10.1787/d91edcf5-de
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  • 3
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    Patient engagement for patient safety : The why, what, and how of patient engagement for improving patient safety (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.159
    Keywords: Patienten ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Selbsthilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Patients' and citizens' perspectives and their active engagement are critical to make health systems safer and people-centred, and are key for co-designing health services and co-producing good health with healthcare professionals, and building trust in health systems. Patients, families, caregivers and citizens can contribute towards improving patient safety at all levels from clinical, local, institutional (e.g. hospital , nursing home), community (e.g. primary care, home care) and national levels of healthcare systems. This report, the sixth in the series on the Economics of Patient Safety, covers: (i) the economic impact of patient engagement for patient safety; (ii) the results of a pilot data collection to measure patient-reported experiences of safety and; (iii) the status of initiatives on patient engagement for patient safety taken in 21 countries, which responded to a snapshot survey. It also provides recommendations for countries to enhance patient engagement for patient safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fa8df20-en
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  • 4
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    Improving the timeliness of health expenditure tracking in OECD and low- and middle-income countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that access to timely health spending data is crucial for informed policy-making. This Health Working Paper summarises and compares the methodologies applied in around half of OECD countries to estimate public and private health spending for the most recent year (i.e., t-1) as well as the approaches taken by the OECD Secretariat to fill existing data gaps for the remaining OECD countries. For the first time, the paper also explores the feasibility of nowcasting health spending for the current year (i.e., t) and examines data sources that could be potentially useful in such an exercise. While this review should help OECD countries that do not yet have experience in estimating health spending for year t-1 to improve the timeliness in their data reporting, the paper also analyses the applicability of the methods in low- and middle-income countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b699976-en
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  • 5
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    All hands on deck: Co-developing the first international survey of people living with chronic conditions : Stakeholder engagement in the design, development, and field trial implementation of the PaRIS survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The OECD's Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS) initiative aims to measure outcomes and experiences of healthcare as part of an effort to improve the value of health system investments. The PaRIS survey, a survey of people living with chronic conditions, is currently being implemented in twenty countries. The PaRIS survey has been developed together with government officials, patients, providers, and researchers. However, the extent of stakeholder involvement varies between countries. This paper reports on the stakeholder engagement in design, development and implementation of the PaRIS survey Field Trial in seventeen countries. Engagement strategies were analysed by target group (patients, providers, or other stakeholders), and engagement level (co-designing, involving, consulting, and informing). The results provide valuable lessons for the implementation of the full PaRIS survey in 2023 and illustrate how stakeholders could be more actively engaged in health services research and policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b31022e-en
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  • 6
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    Advancing patient safety governance in the COVID-19 response (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.150
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring the safety of health care services remains a serious, ongoing challenge. This once-in-a-century global health crisis exposed the vulnerability of healthcare delivery systems and the subsequent risks of patient harm. Given the scale of the occurrence and costs of preventable patient safety events, intervention and investment are still relatively modest. Good patient safety governance focuses on what leaders and policy makers can do to improve system performance and reduce the financial burden of avoidable care. Moreover, it is essential in driving progress in improving safety outcomes. This report examines how patient safety governance mechanisms in OECD countries have withstood the test of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for countries in further improving patient safety governance and strengthening health system resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b4a9484-en
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  • 7
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    Progress on implementing and using electronic health record systems : Developments in OECD countries as of 2021 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.160
    Keywords: E-Health ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Electronic Health Records (eHR) represent a significant digital transformation in the healthcare sector. A 2021 OECD survey of 27 countries revealed a growing adoption of eHRs. However, system fragmentation remains a concern: only 15 countries have a nationally unified system. Twenty-four countries have adopted a minimum data set for standardized core health information. While patient access to eHRs has notably increased since 2016, obstacles such as provider resistance, technical barriers, and legal hurdles continue to exist. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the pivotal role of eHRs, particularly in vaccine tracking and post-market surveillance, highlighting the pressing need for international cooperation to maximize the benefits of eHRs in healthcare. Furthermore, as eHRs integrate with artificial intelligence, new governance challenges arise.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f4ce846-en
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  • 8
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    Examining recent mortality trends : The impact of demographic change (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.163
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the number of deaths in many OECD countries. With detailed data now available by age and sex, this OECD Health Working Paper examines the trends and differences in mortality patterns over the three-year span of the pandemic. While a simple comparison of the raw number of deaths with reference to a historical base period has proved to be an important and straightforward indicator to assess the overall impact of the pandemic, most OECD countries have undergone major changes in population size and structure. This paper reviews the methodology of calculating changes in mortality to take account of such demographic trends and, in producing a revised set of estimates using adjusted numbers of deaths, highlights some important variations in mortality across years, countries and age groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/78f69783-en
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  • 9
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    Establishing standards for assessing patient-reported outcomes and experiences of mental health care in OECD countries : Technical report of the PaRIS mental health working group pilot data collection (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.135
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Patient-reported measures are a critical tool for improving policy and practice in mental health care. However, to date, the use of patient-reported measures in mental health care is limited to a small number of countries and settings—and there is a pressing need, both within and across countries, to consistently and effectively measure the effects and impact of care for patients who use mental health care services. The PaRIS pilot data collection on mental health included 15 data sources from 12 countries, collected over the course of 2021. While the scope of included data varied, the results demonstrate increased adoption of national and subnational efforts to capture patient-reported information in mental health care systems. Analysis of data collected through the PaRIS mental health pilot documents, in general, positive patient-reported experiences of mental health care. The results also suggest improvement in patient-reported outcomes for those receiving mental health care services.
    DOI: 10.1787/e45438b5-en
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  • 10
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    Improving data on pharmaceutical expenditure in hospitals and other health care settings (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Gesundheitskosten ; Krankenhauskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As a key component of health care, a full understanding of how much is spent on prescription medicines is increasingly important. Only a partial understanding of total expenditures across health systems is currently possible, as reporting is often limited to medicines dispensed in community pharmacies. However, spending on pharmaceuticals used elsewhere in the health sector, particularly in hospitals, constitutes a significant and growing proportion of the overall resources allocated to medicines. This report aims to improve the coverage and quality of data on total pharmaceutical spending across the whole health sector, by reviewing current practices, and recommending a set of definitions, concepts and guidance under the framework of A System of Health Accounts 2011. Countries are encouraged to apply these guidelines in their future reporting of pharmaceutical expenditures, as part of their annual health accounts data production.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c0d64a2-en
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  • 11
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    Investing in health systems to protect society and boost the economy : Priority investments and order-of-magnitude cost estimates (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.144
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: COVID-19 is the most significant public health emergency in more than a century, causing a global economic crisis, and with long-term repercussions across society. COVID-19 continues to claim lives, many are suffering ill health (physical and/or mental) due to the virus, and health systems struggle to recover from the massive disruption. This unprecedented crisis has highlighted the urgent need for smart investments to strengthen health system resilience – to protect people’s underlying health, through enhanced preventive care and the ability to reinforce defences in acute times, to fortify the foundations of health systems by ensuring adequate core equipment and exploiting the potential of health information, and to bolster health professionals working on the frontline by building and maintaining sufficient numbers of doctors and nurses – thereby providing countries with the agility to respond not only to evolving pandemics but also to other health and societal shocks. This report identifies a set of priority investment areas needed to strengthen health system resilience. It then produces order-of-magnitude estimates of the expected costs of such investments, drawing extensively from existing OECD data and analytical studies.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0aa9188-en
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  • 12
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    Developing international benchmarks of patient safety culture in hospital care : Findings of the OECD patient safety culture pilot data collection and considerations for future work (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.134
    Keywords: Krankenhaus ; Krankenhausmanagement ; Patienten ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Qualität ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Improving patient safety culture (PSC) is a significant priority for OECD countries as they work to improve healthcare quality and safety—a goal that has increased in importance as countries have faced new safety concerns connected to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from benchmarking work in PSC show that there is significant room for improvement. Across included survey findings from OECD countries, less than half (46% ) of surveyed health workers believe that important patient care information is transferred across hospital units and during shift changes. Just two-in-five surveyed health workers in OECD countries believe the staffing levels at their workplace are appropriate for ensuring patient safety (40%) or that mistakes and event reports would not held against them (41%). International benchmarking is a feasible and useful addition to exiting measurement initiatives on safety culture and may help accelerate necessary improvements in patient safety outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/95ae65a3-en
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  • 13
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    Health data and governance developments in relation to COVID-19 : How OECD countries are adjusting health data systems for the new normal (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.138
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic many countries found that they lacked basic, timely data for decision making—such as information on health workforce, resources, hospitalisations, and mortality. Many policy makers have since leveraged COVID-19 related information system reforms in a way that may also address long-standing barriers in the structures, policies and institutions that have kept countries from fully utilising health related data. Health data governance reforms, in particular, have been an important aspect of countries responses. Improvements in the quality, coverage, completeness, and capacity for data sharing in regard to existing national personal health datasets were widely reported. Countries have also made significant investments in digital tools, systems for public health monitoring, assessments of resource use and availability, and data to monitor the status of non-COVID related health needs.
    DOI: 10.1787/aec7c409-en
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  • 14
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    Ökonomie der Patientensicherheit, Teil IV: Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz : Arbeitssicherheit als Fundament resilienter Gesundheitssysteme (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of patient safety Part IV: Safety in the workplace: Occupational safety as the bedrock of resilient health systems
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Gesundheitsversorgungssettings sind gefährliche Orte und komplexe Arbeitsumgebungen, in denen ständig etwas Unvorhergesehenes geschehen kann. Die Gefahren und Risiken führen nicht nur zu Verletzungen und Erkrankungen von Arbeitskräften, sondern beeinträchtigen auch die Sicherheit der Patient*innen. In der Covid-19-Krise wurde in besonderem Maße deutlich, wie wichtig es ist, eine sichere Gesundheitsversorgung zu gewährleisten – für die Patient*innen ebenso wie für die Gesundheitskräfte. Ein ausreichendes Angebot an qualifizierten Arbeitskräften ist Grundvoraussetzung für ein resilientes Gesundheitssystem. Daher muss die Politik nun Wege finden, ein adäquates Arbeitskräfteangebot aufzubauen und zu fördern, damit das Gesundheitssystem für künftige Schocks gewappnet ist. Dies gilt nicht nur für den Krankenhaussektor, sondern auch für Gemeindesettings, die Pflege und die Primärversorgung. Außerdem sollten geeignete Mechanismen zum Schutz der Patient*innen und Gesundheitskräfte geschaffen werden, die eine sichere Schutzausrüstung, genügend medizinisches Material und eine angemessene Personalausstattung, Weiterbildung und Unterstützung am Arbeitsplatz gewährleisten. Besonders wichtig sind solche Mechanismen, wenn politisch Verantwortliche gesundheitliche, sicherheitsbezogene und wirtschaftliche Anforderungen miteinander in Einklang bringen müssen.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6820c98-de
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  • 15
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    The economics of medication safety : Improving medication safety through collective, real-time learning (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Poor medication practices and inadequate system infrastructure—resulting in poor adherence, medication-related harms, and medication errors—too often results in patient harm. As many as 1 in 10 hospitalizations in OECD countries may be caused by a medication-related event and as many one in five inpatients experience medication-related harms during hospitalization. Together, costs from avoidable admissions due to medication-related events and added length of stay due to preventable hospital-acquired medication-related harms total over USD 54 billion in OECD countries. This report includes four components; it 1) assess the human impact and economic costs of medication safety events in OECD countries, 2) explores opportunities to improve prescribing practices 3) examines the state-of-the art in systems and policies for improving medication safety, and 4) provides recommendations for improving medication safety at the national level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a933261-en
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  • 16
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    International assessment of the use and results of patient-reported outcome measures for hip and knee replacement surgery : Findings of the OECD Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS) working group on hip and knee replacement surgery (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.148
    Keywords: Chirurgie ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Osteoarthritis impacts 7% of the global population, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. As populations of OECD countries age, an increasing number of hip and knee replacement surgeries calls for further work on assessment of quality of care, particularly from patients’ point of view. Thirteen programmes from nine countries participated in the PaRIS Hip and Knee PROMs comparative reporting in 2020-21 by collecting and submitting data by generic and condition-specific PROMs. All programmes showed improvements in patient outcomes though the relative improvement varied. Crosswalks from SF-12 to EQ-5D provided valuable lessons on conversion errors. Results of this work call for improving the use of data for comparative reporting as well as further collaboration on utilising patient-reported metrics in quality-of-care improvement and policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/6da7f06b-en
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  • 17
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    The economics of patient safety Part IV: Safety in the workplace : Occupational safety as the bedrock of resilient health systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.130
    Keywords: Arbeitsschutz ; Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Health care settings are inherently hazardous places, with very unpredictable and complex working environments. These hazards and risks not only result in a range of injuries and ill-health among workers but also jeopardise the safety of patients. The COVID-19 crisis has amplified the importance of ensuring that the health care that is provided is safe—for patients and health workers alike. A sufficient, and capable, workforce, is the foundation of resilient systems. Policy makers need to focus now on how to build and support an appropriate workforce to respond to future shocks. This includes health workers beyond the hospital—including those in community, long-term, and primary care. The safety of both patients and health workers should be protected through appropriate mechanisms to ensure the safety of protective equipment and sufficient supplies, appropriate staffing levels, training and support at the workplace. These governance mechanisms are even more relevant when policy makers face trade-offs between health, safety and economic concerns.
    DOI: 10.1787/b25b8c39-en
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  • 18
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    Ökonomie der Patientensicherheit, Teil III: Langzeitpflege : Der Wert der Sicherheit auf lange Sicht (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of patient safety Part III: Long-term care: Valuing safety for the long haul
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Heute werden mehr Menschen in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen versorgt als je zuvor, darunter immer mehr Personen mit chronischen Krankheiten und Mehrfacherkrankungen. Diese Entwicklung dürfte sich in Anbetracht der zunehmenden Bevölkerungsalterung im OECD-Raum fortsetzen. Die Kosten vermeidbarer Krankenhauseinweisungen aus Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen beliefen sich 2016 auf knapp 18 Mrd. USD. Dies entspricht 2,5 % der Ausgaben für die stationäre Krankenhausversorgung bzw. 4,4 % der Ausgaben für die Langzeitpflege. Forschungsarbeiten zeigen, dass mehr als die Hälfte der unerwünschten Ereignisse in der Pflege und 40 % der Krankenhauseinweisungen aus Pflegeeinrichtungen vermeidbar sind. Den Grundursachen dieser Ereignisse kann durch bessere Prävention, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen und Personalentwicklung – insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Kompetenzmix und die Ausbildung – begegnet werden. Durch gezielte Investitionen in Schlüsselbereichen können signifikante Effekte erzielt und die wichtigsten Kostentreiber unerwünschter Ereignisse in der Langzeitpflege reduziert werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/03307512-de
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  • 19
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    Excess mortality : Measuring the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.122
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing the direct and indirect health impact of the COVID 19 pandemic is central in managing public health and other policy measures while learning to co-exist with the virus. Many countries are publishing statistics on COVID 19 related mortality. While the frequent and timely publication of such figures provides insights into the ongoing trends in a given country, differences in coding and reporting practices pose challenges for international comparisons. Looking at the number of total deaths can help to overcome some of these differences in national practices whilst also providing a better view of the overall impact of COVID 19, by taking into account not just the possible underreporting of COVID 19 deaths but also indirect mortality caused, for example, by health systems not being able to cope with other conditions – acute and chronic.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5dc0c50-en
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  • 20
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    The economics of patient safety Part III: Long-term care : Valuing safety for the long haul (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.121
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Long-term care (LTC) institutions are now providing care to a greater number of people, and more residents with chronic conditions and multiple co-morbidities, than ever before. Trends suggest this strain will continue to increase as OECD populations continue to age. The total cost of avoidable admissions to hospitals from LTC facilities in 2016 was almost USD 18 Billion, equivalent to 2.5% of all spending on hospital inpatient care or 4.4% of all spending on LTC. Research shows that over half of the harm that occurs in LTC is preventable, and over 40% of admissions to hospitals from LTC are avoidable. The root causes of these events can be addressed through improved prevention and safety practices and workforce development—including skill-mix and education. Targeted investments in a number of key areas can have a significant impact by mitigating the main cost drivers of adverse events in LTC.
    DOI: 10.1787/be07475c-en
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  • 21
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    How much do OECD countries spend on prevention? (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 101
    Keywords: 2005 - 2015 ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: OECD countries face the multiple challenges of rapidly ageing societies with the associated rise in chronic diseases and the ever-present threat from new or evolving communicable diseases. This is within the context of seeking better value for money from the health sector. While a growing body of evidence shows that many health promotion and disease prevention measures can improve health outcomes at relatively low cost, less has been documented – in an internationally comparable way – on how much countries actually invest in such activities and the drivers of prevention spending over the years. This is particularly pertinent in the context of fiscal sustainability and tight public budgets. Using newly available data from across OECD countries, this study examines the differences in spending on prevention both at an aggregate and detailed level. This analysis brings a fresh perspective and raises questions as to the optimal resource allocations within the sector. Time series data is also scrutinised in conjunction with collated policy and public health developments from a number of countries to try to identify some of the drivers behind the observed prevention spending trends. In doing so, directions for further improvement in the underlying data as well as policy implications are discussed.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f19e803c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 22
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    An OECD analysis of health spending in Norway (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 91
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway is one of the top spenders on health care among OECD countries in per capita terms but much closer to the average when seen as a share of GDP. The question is to what extent these two key measures are compatible, and how Norway really measures up to other relevant high-income countries in health spending. In considering the latter, Norway allocates more to long-term care services than any other country. So how comparable are countries in the measurement of sectors such as long-term care and does this play a key role in determining overall spending estimates? Delving further, how does spending on the key sector of somatic specialist health care compared to other countries? If too much is spent, there is a risk that there is an over-emphasis on hospitals compared to primary care. On the other hand if there are too little resources in hospitals, there may be an over-expectation from the sector. However, estimates of spending based on inpatient care still mask a number of organisational and accounting differences, requiring adjustments to be made to the underlying figures. The resulting figures provide a new insight into cross-country comparisons and trends of somatic hospital spending. Finally, to determine what is explaining the different levels of spending, the appropriate use of international spatial deflators is discussed. Recent advances in the methodology to compile comparative price information for the health and hospital sectors are used to reveal to what extent spending across the comparator countries is the result of price or volume effects.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/63302bbf-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
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    Future trends in health care expenditure : a modelling framework for crosscountry forecasts (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 95
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Trend ; Prognose ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Across the OECD, healthcare spending has typically outpaced economic growth in recent decades. While such spending has improved health outcomes, there are concerns about the financial sustainability of this upward trend, particularly as healthcare systems are predominantly funded from public resources in most OECD countries. To better explore this financial sustainability challenge, many countries and international institutions have developed forecasting models to project growth in future healthcare expenditure. Despite methodological differences between forecasting approaches, a common set of healthcare spending drivers can be identified. Demographic factors, rising incomes, technological progress, productivity in the healthcare sector compared to the general economy (Baumol’s cost disease) and associated healthcare policies have all been shown to be key determinants of healthcare spending.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/247995bb-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Pharmaceutical expenditure and policies : past trends and future challenges (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 87
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Arzneimittel ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, pharmaceutical spending reached around USD 800 billion in 2013, accounting for about 20% of total health spending on average when pharmaceutical consumption in hospital is added to the purchase of pharmaceutical drugs in the retail sector. This paper looks at recent trends in pharmaceutical spending across OECD countries. It examines the drivers of recent spending trends, highlighting differences across therapeutic classes. While the consumption of medicines continues to increase and to push pharmaceutical spending up, cost-containment policies and patent expiries of a number of top-selling products have exerted downward pressure on pharmaceutical expenditures in recent years. This resulted in a slower pace of growth over the past decade. The paper then looks at emerging challenges for policy makers in the management of pharmaceutical spending. The proliferation of high-cost specialty medicines will be a major driver of health spending growth in the coming years. While some of these medicines bring great benefits to patients, others provide only marginal improvements. This challenges the efficiency of pharmaceutical spending.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm0q1f4cdq7-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
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    SHA-Based National Health Accounts in Thirteen OECD Countries : A Comparative Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
    DOI: 10.1787/131855120122
    URL: Volltext
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