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  • 1
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The evaluation of the Italian “Start-up Act”
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Il presente rapporto fornisce una valutazione indipendente e approfondita dell’impatto economico e sociale del quadro d’intervento italiano per le imprese startup innovative, noto anche come “Startup Act”, introdotto inizialmente dal Decreto-legge 179 del 2012. La policy mira a creare un ambiente più favorevole alle piccole startup innovative attraverso una serie di strumenti complementari, tra cui figurano una modalità di costituzione rapida e gratuita, una procedura di fallimento semplificata, incentivi fiscali per gli investimenti in equity e un sistema pubblico di garanzia per l’accesso al credito bancario. Sebbene il rapporto si concentri unicamente sull’Italia, lo “Startup Act” può essere considerato come un “laboratorio” di grande utilità per l’elaborazione di policy a sostegno dell’imprenditorialità innovativa in tutti i Paesi membri dell’OCSE. La valutazione sottolinea che l’impatto dello “Startup Act” sulle imprese beneficiarie è stato complessivamente positivo, ma che sono necessarie azioni complementari in altre aree di policy per realizzare appieno il potenziale delle startup innovative italiane.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Roboter ; Automatisierte Produktion ; Produktionsorganisation ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Increased robot use, fuelled by price declines and the increased dexterity of these machines, is expected to affect existing/future production technologies and the organisation of production within GVCs. In order to safeguard their competitiveness in an increasingly digitalised global economy, governments across OECD and emerging economies are implementing a range of policy measures/programmes to support the investment in and use of robotics. This paper assesses the extent to which robotics impact the organisation of production through offshoring and backshoring. The results indicate that the use of industrial robots in developed economies appears to be slowing the offshoring rates, although it is not yet prompting firms to bring jobs back home. However, the effect is very recent, especially in labour-intensive sectors, and not yet apparent in developing countries. The findings suggest the rate of global value chain expansion may be slower than in the past.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Risikokapital ; Unternehmer ; Geschlecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report presents new cross-country descriptive evidence on innovative start-ups and related venture capital investments drawing upon Crunchbase, a new dataset that is unprecedented in terms of scope and comprehensiveness. The analysis employs a mix of different statistical techniques (descriptive graphics, econometric analysis, and machine learning) to highlight a number of findings. First, there are significant cross-country differences in the professional and educational background of start-ups’ founders, notably the share of founders with previous academic experience and in the share of “serial entrepreneurs”. Conversely, the founders’ average age is rather constant across countries, but shows a fair degree of variability across sectors. Second, IP assets, and in particular the presence of an inventor in the team of founders, are strongly associated with start-ups’ success. Finally, female founders are less likely to receive funding, receive lower amounts when they do receive financing, and have a lower probability of successful exit, when other factors are controlled for.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 07
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Patent ; Crunchbase ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This note describes a procedure to match companies and individuals listed in Crunchbase, a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, with patent applicants and inventors reported in PATSTAT, the worldwide intellectual property database maintained by the European Patent Office. Given that neither administrative nor other unique identifiers are available in either of the two databases, the matching is based on a “fuzzy” procedure that exploits the available overlapping information across the two databases. A general overview of the resulting database completes the note.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Unternehmensgründung ; Gründungsfinanzierung ; Risikokapital ; Patent ; Crunchbase ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This note describes a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, called Crunchbase, with a focus on its potential for economic and managerial research. Crunchbase is rapidly being discovered by scholars from different fields. It has notably already informed studies on specific sectors as well as studies of networks in the start-up ecosystem. This note first describes the contents of Crunchbase and then reviews academic research that has used it. We further suggest that many more valuable avenues for economic and managerial research can be opened through the combination of Crunchbase with selected supplementary data sources and provide two such examples.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 29
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides new cross-country evidence on the links between national policies and the growth patterns of start-ups. In particular, it compares for the first time the heterogeneous effects of national policies on entrants and incumbents, within the same country, industry, and time period. A number of key facts emerge. First, start-ups in volatile sectors and in sectors that exhibit higher growth dispersion are significantly more exposed to national policies than start-ups in other sectors. Second, start-ups are systematically more exposed than incumbents to the policy environment and national framework conditions. Third, the results suggest that timely bankruptcy procedures and strong contract enforcement are key to establishing a dynamic start-up environment.
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  • 7
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reshoring: Myth or Reality?
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Le constat que les entreprises (manufacturières) des économies de l’OCDE rapatrient de plus en plus leurs activités manufacturières dans leur propre pays a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt ces dernières années. Quelques exemples de grandes entreprises multinationales ayant suivi cette voie ont reçu un large écho, et ainsi donné une visibilité accrue au phénomène de la relocalisation tant dans la presse (économique) que dans le cadre des travaux menés par les universitaires et des discussions entre responsables de l’action publique. Le débat sur la relocalisation (souvent appelée aussi « rapatriement », « délocalisation de voisinage » et « relocalisation de proximité ») est très intense, certains affirmant même que le temps des délocalisations est révolu. Cependant des désaccords profonds s’expriment à propos de l’ampleur effective de cette tendance pour les économies, en particulier au sujet du nombre d’emplois que la relocalisation est censée rapatrier. Alors que les décideurs politiques des économies de l’OCDE espèrent que la relocalisation pourrait aider à redynamiser leur industrie manufacturière en perte de vitesse, la justification de mesures en faveur de la relocalisation n’est pas claire.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 27
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The news that companies in OECD economies are increasingly bringing manufacturing activities back home has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Headline cases of a number of large multinational companies have given increased visibility to the phenomenon of reshoring in the economic press, academic research and policy discussions.. The debate on re-shoring (often also called “backshoring”, “nearshoring”, “onshoring”) is very lively with some even arguing that the time of offshoring has come to an end. But considerable disagreement exists about how important this trend actually is for economies in particular the number of jobs that reshoring is supposed to bring back. While policy makers in OECD economies hope that reshoring might help to revitalise their slumping manufacturing industries, the rationale for policy measures around reshoring is not clear-cut.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 1
    Keywords: Unternehmenswachstum ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Arbeitsrecht ; Arbeitsschutz ; Finanzsystem ; Industrieländer ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Differences in the dynamisms of economies are persistent. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence documenting these large cross-country differences, our understanding of what drives them is still rather limited. This paper seeks to help close this gap. Using unique data for ten countries the analysis sheds light on the factors that shape the distribution of firm growth and on what role policies play in driving cross-country differences. The paper provides new evidence on the link of labour market regulation, bankruptcy legislation, financial market development and R&D support policies with growth dynamics. The study goes beyond looking at differences in average growth rates as it analyses changes in the whole distribution of firms.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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