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  • Malpass, David  (13)
  • Morgandi, Matteo  (6)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (19)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
  • Poverty Reduction  (19)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fietz, Katharina Exit Patterns from Brazil's Bolsa Familia and the Role of the Local Labor Market
    Keywords: Bolsa Familia ; Conditional Cash Transfer ; Dynamic Means-Tested Cash Transfer ; Labor Market ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Workers ; Social Protection Program Graduation ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Can rising tides in the labor market lift the poor out of social assistance Although a substantial literature has studied the capacity of safety nets to expand automatically during labor market shocks, less is known about the dynamics of social assistance when labor market conditions improve, and who may benefit from positive changes. This paper studies how rising formal employment at the municipal level affects the likelihood of beneficiary families to exit Bolsa Familia, Brazil's dynamic means-tested cash transfer. The analysis exploits panel data from Brazil's vast social registry, matched with seven years of Bolsa Familia payroll information and formal employment records. The data reveal that the Bolsa Familia program displays significant and heterogeneous dynamism, with beneficiaries with higher levels of education and fewer constraints to labor supply taking fewer years to exit. The analysis then uses fixed-effects estimates, combined with an instrumental variable approach, to identify the effects of exogenous changes in the local labor market on exits. The findings show that the increase in local employment leads to a small, statistically significant rise in the probability of exiting from Bolsa Familia. These effects are concentrated in households with spare labor supply and those with medium levels of education
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2153
    Keywords: Conditional Cash Transfer Program ; Covid-19 Impacts ; Covid-19 Recovery ; Economic Inclusion ; Labor Market Vulnerability ; Labor Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Protection Policy ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The purpose of the note is to inform the design of policies and instruments that can enhance labor market outcomes of Brazil's poor and vulnerable populations. Global and regional experiences show that active labor market programs, and more broadly economic inclusion interventions, both at the strategic level and for territorial implementation, require population-specific labor market diagnostics. And aggregate labor statistics do not portray adequately the specific situation of the poor and vulnerable. This note studies how Brazil's poor and vulnerable engage in the labor market and in public labor market policies, or fail to do so, according to individual, family and location characteristics. The authors focus on two broad populations of interest: work-able adults in households living below the Cadastro Unico poverty line (the poor), and its subset of beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer Bolsa Familia (BF), the country's largest social program in 2019, and named Auxilio Brasil (AB)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Energy ; Food Security ; Inequality ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Bond Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development
    Abstract: These opening remarks were made by World Bank Group President David Malpass at the State of the Global Economy Event Organized by Brookings Institution on July 13, 2022. Mr. Malpass said the world is facing multiple crises, including the sharpest slowdown in GDP growth in 80 years, the risk of a frozen crisis in Ukraine due to Russia's invasion, and a massive worsening in global inequality as advanced economies absorb the limited supplies of global capital and energy. Global growth is not expected to rebound in 2023, given energy supply constraints; the long overdue normalization of interest rates and bond yields in the advanced economies; and the misallocation of investments that has pushed much of the world's savings into bonds, mostly bonds issued by governments and overcapitalized borrowers. The global economy is also facing significant downside risks. These include intensifying geopolitical tensions, the fragility in many countries, the potential for an extended period of stagflation, the widespread financial stress that's caused by the higher borrowing costs, and food insecurity
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Food Security ; Fragile States ; Inflation ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social Safety Nets ; Usaid
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by the World Bank Group President David Malpass in conversation with Samantha Power, USAID Administrator on June 21, 2022. They discussed about the impact of overlapping global crises on the poorest and most vulnerable people. The world, as people know, is in a very complicated situation, especially for people in poorer countries and the poor worldwide. It has to do with inflation, with food, with conflict, fragility, issues that we work with every day at the World Bank and USAID does, too. As people know, the World Bank works on an array of development issues and including and especially right now food and fertilizer. We have announced 30 billion dollars of assistance in the food-related areas as part of our response to the current set of crises. And one of the challenges is, in specific country areas, to find the right program. And we work very, very closely with development assistance agencies around the world, including and especially USAID
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change Economics ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Economic Insecurity ; Food Security ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by the World Bank Group President David Malpass in conversation with Masood Ahmed, the President of the Center for Global Development on May 26, 2022. They both discussed on the following topis: (i) respond to the COVID crisis and now to the latest set of crises from Russia's invasion of Ukraine; (ii) the world moves away from the dependence on Russian energy, then new supplies will be vital; (iii) COVID Vaccination; (iv) fighting climate change; (v) global public goods; (vi) climate change action plan; (vii) climate financing; (viii) sustainable debt finance process; (ix) food security and infrastructure development; (x) possible global recession; (xi) education sector; (xii) human capital index; (xiii) the G7 communique; and (xiv) low-income households
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Environment ; Equity and Development ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by World Bank Group President David Malpass at Fragility Forum 2022, Development and Peace in Uncertain Times on March 7, 2022. He said that there are no words to express the horror of the Ukrainian people, and the World Bank Group is doing everything it can to assist Ukraine and the region. He spoke about the largest refugee flow in Europe since WW2. He explained that they are assessing the consequences and how the WBG can respond, both in eastern Europe and in fragile countries around the world. He was hoping this fragility forum will confront challenges and provide new ideas on how the international community can more effectively help people facing conflict and fragility. He mentioned the following: (i) first, we are living in a world where protracted armed conflict keeps increasing, as we have seen in the Middle East and Africa, where immensely destructive impacts are reversing decades of progress in development; (ii) second, the pandemic has hit societies that are already in turmoil, food systems that are already impacted by climate change, and populations already displaced by conflict; (iii) third, climate change is a threat multiplier, placing major strain on economies and societies, particularly in fragile settings; and (iv) equally worrying are the new acute and destabilizing political crises, including coups d'etats, as well as the unfreezing of old conflicts and the emergence of new inter-state wars. He highlighted that the World Bank Group has been active in fragile settings from our very inception and the support to countries affected by fragile, conflict, and violence (FCV) has deepened over the last decade. He spoke about their current FCV strategy provides a basis for differentiating their response at every stage of fragility and conflict as follows: helping prevent or mitigate risks in fragile environments; ensuring that they remain engaged in active crises and conflicts; and working to ensure sustainable recovery in post-crisis transitions. He hopes that the discussions during the Forum will help deepen our understanding of challenges related to fragility and set the concrete actions and priorities for the international community, for governments, and for people working to reverse the alarming trends we are seeing now
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by World Bank Group President, David Malpass at the Opening Session of the 8th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD 8) on August 27, 2022. He said that the World Bank Group remains a committed, long-term partner to Africa, and nearly half of IBRD and IDA funding goes to Africa, and they work together closely in several areas as follows: First, the World Bank Group is advising governments on necessary trade policies, including on the need to avoid export bans and other trade-restrictive measures; Second, help African countries provide much needed, targeted social protection for the most vulnerable; and Finally, much of work in Africa is supported by IDA, their fund for the world's poorest. He concluded by reaffirming his special thanks to Prime Minister Kishida for his leadership in promoting the cause of developing countries and effective international financial institutions, and their very strong partnership with Japan
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Environment ; Equity and Development ; Green Issues ; Poverty and Policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Recession
    Abstract: Transcript of the remarks delivered by President David Malpass at the 2022 World Bank Group annual meetings media roundtable. He outlines the most urgent current crises facing development, and answers questions from participants
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: With the advent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Brazil has come out with one of the fastest and most generous social protection responses globally. Auxilio Emergencial (AE's) operation is in contrast to that of regular social protection programs due to its highly centralized setup with limited formal involvement of subnational governments. Therefore, this analysis aims at understanding some core reasons why this happened and what were the main implications of this centralized operation to the program. The text also describes measures that were enacted to mitigate challenges due to the exclusion of subnational governments from the operation of AE and discusses the extent to which these can integrate traditional decentralization mechanisms of regular programs in the future and further improve the sectoral case management capacity at large. This paper is structured in seven chapters. Chapter one is introduction, chapter two presents a conceptual framework describing main forms of decentralization and discussing their adequacy to different contexts and traditional functions of the social protection sector. Chapter three presents an overview of AE highlighting its centralized setup and already discussing some main reasons why traditional decentralization mechanisms, such as the unified social assistance system (SUAS), were not formal members of the program. Chapter four discusses legacies of SUAS historical support to social protection in Brazil and how these have contributed to AE even if the system was not formally involved in the program. Chapter five describes some main challenges faced by AE and that can arguably have been mitigated had SUAS and or other subnational governments been part of its formal operation. Chapter six considers how SUAS and decentralized forms of social protection were nevertheless relevant as complementary measures to that provided by AE. Finally, chapter seven concludes by summarizing some core lessons learned for engaging decentralized mechanisms in emergency responses in the future
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Energy ; Energy Markets ; Equity and Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inequality ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This report discusses the remarks delivered by World Bank Group President David Malpass at the spring meetings 2022 media roundtable opening. He discusses on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), inflation, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 ; Energy ; Energy Finance ; Energy Sector Regulation ; Equity and Development ; Fertilizers ; Food Security ; Inequality ; Inflation ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by World Bank Group President David Malpass to the 52nd Washington Conference on the Americas. He discusses: the Bank forecast that Latin America and the Caribbean will grow by only 2.3 percent in 2022. Energy, food, and fertilizer prices are rising at a pace not seen in many years, hitting the region's poor particularly hard. The commodity price boom will benefit natural resource exporters and government revenue. One key unfolding crisis is the rise of inflation in advanced economies. At the primary and secondary levels, the learning losses from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown policies need to be urgently addressed. As the leaders from the region gather for the Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles, it provides an opportunity to be strategic in addressing the challenges ahead
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Conflict ; Food Security ; Inequality ; Inflation ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth
    Abstract: These keynote remarks were delivered by World Bank Group President David Malpass to the European Union-African Union Summit on Peace, Security and Governance on February 17, 2022. He spoke about the global misallocation of capital leaves developing countries with inadequate capital flows and unable to sufficiently respond to the multitude of challenges they face. He mentioned that the World Bank Group has significantly increased their support for fragile states over the last five years, providing 15.8 billion in FY21 for over thirty fragile and conflict-affected countries, many of them in Africa. He was gravely concerned by the rapid escalation in conflicts in countries such as Burkina Faso and Ethiopia. He said that without good governance, Africa will continue to face underinvestment, insufficient access to electricity and clean water, and regulatory barriers. He highlighted on their operations working toward better outcomes in terms of reduced poverty and higher incomes which means governance that promotes trade facilitation, builds accountability mechanisms, enhances systems for service delivery, and fosters citizen engagement. He declared that the Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment between the EU, UN, and the World Bank helps governments identify their priority needs for recovery, reconstruction, and peacebuilding. He also works with the UN Peacekeeping Missions in Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, and the Central African Republic, where they have been able to provide rapid support once insecure areas are stabilized. He concluded with noting that by 2030, two-thirds of the world's extremely poor people could be living in fragile countries, and together with their development partners, they must continue to ramp up our efforts to support the world's poorest and most fragile states in becoming more resilient, peaceful, just, and economically robust
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Access of Poor To Social Services ; Access To Finance ; E-Government ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This report discusses the readout from World Bank Group President David Malpass's meeting at the Future of Digital Cooperation Event: Building Resilience Through Safe, Trusted, and Inclusive Digital Public Infrastructure. There have been severe reversals in development, and global policy trends suggest these will persist. Digital public infrastructure is a vital part of our response. Digital identification, payment, and data sharing platforms have made it possible for countries to respond more effectively, more transparently, at a greater speed and scale, and with more security and privacy. The World Bank Group is engaged across all these elements and our operations with significant digital components have been growing. Our portfolio stands at nearly 4.7 billion dollars. Through country engagements, we support our clients to boost mobile phone networks and remove regulatory barriers to foster access to finance. We are helping with the adoption of e-government platforms and the modernization of social protection systems. Our Global Findex database shows that 71 percent of adults in developing economies now have a formal financial account, often a bank account, compared to 42 percent a decade ago. It is critical to build on this trend. Expanding access to finance, reducing the cost of digital transactions, and channeling wage payments and social transfers through accounts will be critically important to mitigate the reversals in development from the ongoing turbulence
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Inequality ; Poverty and Policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Recession
    Abstract: This report discusses the remarks delivered by World Bank Group President David Malpass at the Launch of IDA20 in Tokyo, Japan. Global growth is expected to slow sharply from 5.7 percent in 2021 to 2.9 percent in 2022, with further slowing likely as more countries fall into recession. In developing economies, COVID-19 has already had a devastating impact on income growth and poverty reduction. The war in Ukraine is dealing yet another blow to their growth prospects. Developing countries are now expected to grow by a mere 3.4 percent in 2022, well below the average from 2011 to 2019. Each step in the progression of crises in recent years is leaving poorer countries further behind, adding to inequality. My deep concern is that these trends will persist. The World Bank Group is making around 170 billion dollars in financing available for new and existing projects over the 15 months starting April 2022 to support this crisis response package. This will be complemented by analytical and advisory work to strengthen evidence-based development policies and programs
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: World Bank Group President David Malpass discussed a broad range of development issues, including the economic outlook, growth, vaccines, debt, climate, and trade. World Bank financing operations will be addressed at the annual meeting as well as our climate change action plan, which aims to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve adaptation. We expect global growth of 5.7 percent in 2021 and 4.4 percent in 2022, these are very similar to our projections in the June Global Economic Prospects report. Incoming high-frequency data point to slowing momentum in global activity amid persistent supply chain bottlenecks and COVID-19 surges. Moreover, the global recovery remains dramatically uneven. The outlook is challenging for much of the developing world with lagging vaccination rates, rising inflation, limited policy support, too few jobs, and shortages that extend to food, water, and electricity. As of mid-2021, over half of IDA countries, those are the world's poorest countries, are in external debt distress or at high risk of it. A comprehensive approach, including debt reduction, swifter restructuring and more transparency is needed to help countries assess and manage their external debt risks and work toward sustainable debt levels and terms. These are fundamental to supporting health systems, education, and infrastructure and creating growth, investment, and prosperity. Enhanced and accelerated implementation of the Common Framework will be critical in achieving this much-needed debt transparency and sustainability
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Poverty Reduction ; Savings ; Services and Transfers To Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The auxilio emergencial (AE) was the main social policy in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Brazil, and one of the most vigorous in the world, both in terms of its generosity, speed, and coverage, as well as because of the program's auspicious design. The AE payment system combined Caixa's historical experience, responsible for operating the payment of social transfers such as Bolsa Familia, with innovative solutions. These allowed the use of a 100 percent digital means of payment and with an incentive to save, which contributed to the largest collection of savings in the Brazilian historical series. AE utilized three entry channels: (a) automatic selection of Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) beneficiaries who will be eligible to receive more significant benefits through the AE program; (b) the automatic selection of people registered in the largest administrative registry of Brazilian social programs but who were not beneficiaries of the PBF; (c) passive selection based on requests submitted through the app developed by CAIXA for this purpose, which led to the creation of a new temporary registry (the ExtraCad). The AE was created to be a temporary program, with an expected duration of only three months. However, the benefit was reissued in 3 versions (each with its legal diploma) which share the same operational structure, although they maintain significant differences in their rules and procedures
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: World Bank Group President David Malpass noted that Japan is now one of the largest contributors to IDA, a key partner in achieving development results at the global, regional, and country level. He mentioned that for more than 60 years, IDA has provided concessional development financing totaling more than USD 458 billion to 114 countries to boost economic growth, reduce poverty and inequality, and improve people's living conditions. He highlighted that the World Bank's crisis response to COVID-19 has been the largest in its history, and IDA responded with speed and scale to the unprecedented economic and health crises and committed USD 56.9 billion between April 2020 and November 2021. He expressed his appreciation to the IDA Borrower Representatives who have consistently offered their advice, providing a country lens on how the support can best be tailored to meet the needs and priorities of IDA countries. He spoke about the generous pledges that are matched by the most ambitious IDA policy package. He concluded by saying that cross-cutting issues are the foundational building blocks of this policy framework. These include crisis preparedness, which was introduced in IDA20 to build resilience in a world of more frequent crises with compounded effects, as well as ongoing emphasis on governance and institutions, debt sustainability, and digital infrastructure and interventions to foster economic and social inclusion
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Administrative and Civil Service Reform ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Auxilio Emergencial (AE) was one of the most agile, robust, and extensive social protection programs implemented by developing countries. Having reached up to 55.6 percent of the population, considering both direct and indirect beneficiaries, the program has shown impacts in improving the average income and reducing the prevalence of poverty and inequality (as measured by the Gini index1 ), compared to immediate pre-pandemic levels. The success of the program can be attributed both to its robustness and to its complex architecture, marked by innovations which should be analyzed by their integration potential in relation to regular social protection policies and measures to increase adaptation to the social protection system, both in Brazil and in other countries
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Protection and Labor Discussion Papers
    Keywords: Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Assessment ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: As part of the ongoing debate on the modernization of the Bolsa Familia (BF) program, several reform proposals were presented through 2019, including by the Ministry of Citizenship (MoC), Congress and the think tank IPEA, the latter as part of a broader proposal to consolidate various expenditures. This note uses the BraSIM microsimulation model to evaluate the 2019 proposals in the context of Brazil's tax benefit system. All proposals lead to a higher number of beneficiaries, with the poorest families, especially children and youth, benefitting the most. In general, the progressive incidence of the current program would vary little in the MoC and Congress reforms, but is reduced in IPEA's, which includes a universal component. The three proposals have different contributions on poverty-reduction: IPEA's reform is significantly less efficient than the current scenario and other reforms in terms of cost-effectiveness. However, IPEA's proposal most contributes to the reduction of inequality, and is the only one that identifies financing sources through the extinction of more regressive expenditures. Through this comparative analysis, the Note also highlights the main dilemmas about the future of the program, which remain relevant even in the post-COVID-19 reality: the tension between generosity and coverage; the priorization of certain groups for poverty-reduction; reconciling the program's objective of encouraging human capital for children with its role of minimum income guarantee; the risks of eliminating a "basic benefit". While only IPEA's proposal identified financing sources for the program's expansion, the Note reveals additional potential sources of financing for the BF program in the tax benefit system
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