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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1930-1934
  • Levine, Ross  (3)
  • Ménard, Claude  (2)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (5)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
  • Banks and Banking Reform  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Database on Financial Development and Structure (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (67 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross A New Database on Financial Development and Structure
    Keywords: Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market
    Abstract: July 1999 - This new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time unites a range of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine introduce a new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time. This database is unique in that it unites a variety of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. It improves on previous efforts by presenting data on the public share of commercial banks, by introducing indicators of the size and activity of nonbank financial institutions, and by presenting measures of the size of bond and primary equity markets. The compiled data permit the construction of financial structure indicators to measure whether, for example, a country's banks are larger, more active, and more efficient than its stock markets. These indicators can then be used to investigate the empirical link between the legal, regulatory, and policy environment and indicators of financial structure. They can also be used to analyze the implications of financial structure for economic growth. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine describe the sources and construction of, and the intuition behind, different indicators and present descriptive statistics. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a broader effort in the group to understand the determinants of financial structure and its importance to economic development. The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org, ademirguckunt@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Transitory Regime Water Supply in Conakry, Guinea (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (58 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George A Transitory Regime Water Supply in Conakry, Guinea
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Cost Of Water ; Debt Markets ; Drinking Water ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Households ; Industry ; Mortality Rate ; Pipeline ; Pit Latrines ; Population Growth ; Price Of Water ; Private Operator ; Private Participation ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Raw Water ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Areas ; Urban Water ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water System ; Water Systems ; Water Use ; Water and Industry ; Wells ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Cost Of Water ; Debt Markets ; Drinking Water ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Households ; Industry ; Mortality Rate ; Pipeline ; Pit Latrines ; Population Growth ; Price Of Water ; Private Operator ; Private Participation ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Raw Water ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Areas ; Urban Water ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water System ; Water Systems ; Water Use ; Water and Industry ; Wells
    Abstract: June 2000 - In several ways, the reform introduced to the water sector in Conakry, Guinea, in 1989 under a World Bank-led project was remarkable. It showed that even in a weak institutional environment, where contracts are hard to enforce and political interference is common, private sector participation can improve sector performance. Why did the sector improve as much as it did, and what has inhibited reform? Both consumers and the government benefited from reform of the water system in Conakry, Guinea, whose deterioration since independence had become critical by the mid-1980s. Less than 40 percent of Conakry's population had access to piped water - low even by regional standards - and service was intermittent, at best, for the few who had connections. The public agency in charge of the sector was inefficient, overstaffed, and virtually insolvent. In several ways, the reform introduced to the sector in 1989 under a World Bank-led project was remarkable. It showed that even in a weak institutional environment, where contracts are hard to enforce and political interference is common, private sector participation can improve sector performance. Ménard and Clarke discuss the mechanisms that made progress possible and identify factors that inhibit the positive effects of reform. Water has become very expensive, the number of connections has increased very slowly, and conflicts have developed between SEEG (the private operator) and SONEG (the state agency). Among the underlying problems: · The lack of strong, stable institutions. · The lack of an independent agency capable of restraining arbitrary government action, regulating the private operator, and enforcing contractual arrangements. · The lack of adequate conflict resolution mechanisms for contract disputes. · Weak administrative capacity. This paper - a joint product of Public Economics and Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to promote competition and private sector development. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Institutions, Politics, and Contracts: Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply (RPO 681-87). The authors may be contacted at menarduniv-paris1.fr or gclarke@worldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Welfare Effects of Private Sector Participation in Guinea's Urban Water Supply (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Clarke, George The Welfare Effects of Private Sector Participation in Guinea's Urban Water Supply
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Households ; Industry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Cost ; Number Of People With Access ; Pipeline ; Private Operator ; Private Participation ; Public Water ; Raw Water ; Sewerage System ; Systems ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Conservation ; Water Distribution ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply ; Water Supply System ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water System ; Water Tariffs ; Water Use ; Water Utilities ; Water and Industry ; Wells ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Households ; Industry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Cost ; Number Of People With Access ; Pipeline ; Private Operator ; Private Participation ; Public Water ; Raw Water ; Sewerage System ; Systems ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Conservation ; Water Distribution ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Supply ; Water Supply System ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water System ; Water Tariffs ; Water Use ; Water Utilities ; Water and Industry ; Wells
    Abstract: June 2000 - Private sector participation in Guinea's urban water sector has benefited consumers, the government, and, to a lesser extent, the new foreign owners. Performance will improve further when the government starts paying its own water bill on time and when the legislature authorizes the collection of unpaid bills from private consumers. In 1989 the government of Guinea enacted far-reaching reform of its water sector, which had been dominated by a poorly run public agency. The government signed a lease contract for operations and maintenance with a private operator, making a separate public enterprise responsible for ownership of assets and investment. Although based on a successful model that had operated in Côte d'Ivoire for nearly 30 years, the reform had many highly innovative features. It is being transplanted to several other developing countries, so Clarke, Ménard, and Zuluaga evaluate its successes and failures in the early years of reform. They present standard performance measures and results from a cost-benefit analysis to assess reform's net effect on various stakeholders in the sector. They conclude that, compared with what might have been expected under continued public ownership, reform benefited consumers, the government, and, to a lesser extent, the foreign owners or the private operator. Most sector performance indicators improved, but some problems remain. The three most troublesome areas are water that is unaccounted for (there are many illegal connections and the quality of infrastructure is poor), poor collection rates, and high prices. The weak institutional environment makes it difficult to improve collection rates, but the government could take some steps to correct the problem. To begin with, it could pay its own bills on time. Also, the legislature could authorize the collection of unpaid bills from private individuals. This paper - a joint product of Public Economics and Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to promote competition and private sector development. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Institutions, Politics, and Contracts: Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply (RPO 681-87). The authors may be contacted at gclarkeworldbank.org or menard@univ-paris1.fr
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Banking Systems Around the Globe : Do Regulation and Ownership Affect Performance and Stability? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (66 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross Banking Systems Around the Globe
    Keywords: Bank ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Reform ; Banking Sector ; Banking Sector Development ; Banking System ; Banking Systems ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Stability ; Financial Systems ; Governments ; Industry ; Insurance ; Investment Banking ; Markets ; Private Sector Development ; Projects ; Public Policy ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Reform ; Banking Sector ; Banking Sector Development ; Banking System ; Banking Systems ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Stability ; Financial Systems ; Governments ; Industry ; Insurance ; Investment Banking ; Markets ; Private Sector Development ; Projects ; Public Policy
    Abstract: April 2000 - Empirical results highlight the downside of imposing certain regulatory restrictions on commercial bank activities. Regulations that restrict banks' ability to engage in securities activities and to own nonfinancial firms are closely associated with more instability in the banking sector. And keeping commercial banks from engaging in investment banking, insurance, and real estate activities does not appear to produce positive benefits. Barth, Caprio, and Levine report cross-country data on commercial bank regulation and ownership in more than 60 countries. They evaluate the links between different regulatory/ownership practices in those countries and both financial sector performance and banking system stability. They document substantial variation in response to these questions: Should it be public policy to limit the powers of commercial banks to engage in securities, insurance, and real estate activities? Should the mixing of banking and commerce be restricted by regulating commercial bank's ownership of nonfinancial firms and nonfinancial firms' ownership of commercial banks? Should states own commercial banks, or should those banks be privatized? They find: · There is no reliable statistical relationship between restrictions on commercial banks' ability to engage in securities, insurance, and real estate transactions and a) how well-developed the banking sector is, b) how well-developed securities markets and nonbank financial intermediaries are, or c) the degree of industrial competition. Based on the evidence, it is difficult to argue confidently that restricting commercial banking activities benefits - or harms - the development of financial and securities markets or industrial competition. · There are no positive effects from mixing banking and commerce. · Countries that more tightly restrict and regulate the securities activities of commercial banks are substantially more likely to suffer a major banking crisis. Countries whose national regulations inhibit banks' ability to engage in securities underwriting, brokering, and dealing - and all aspects of the mutual fund business - tend to have more fragile financial systems. · The mixing of banking and commerce is associated with less financial stability. The evidence does not support admonitions to restrict the mixing of banking and commerce because mixing them will increase financial fragility. · On average, greater state ownership of banks tends to be associated with more poorly developed banks, nonbanks, and stock markets and more poorly functioning financial systems. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the effects of financial sector regulation. The authors may be contacted at jbarthbusiness.auburn.edu, gcaprio@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Firm Formation and Industry Growth : Does Having a Market- or Bank-Based System Matter? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross New Firm Formation and Industry Growth
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Emerging Markets ; External Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Structure ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Individual Investors ; Legal Protection ; Liquid Market ; Market ; Market Development ; Market Liquidity ; Markets ; Outside Investors ; Private Sector Development ; Public Markets ; Shareholders ; Shares ; Stock ; Transaction ; Transaction Costs ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Emerging Markets ; External Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Structure ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Individual Investors ; Legal Protection ; Liquid Market ; Market ; Market Development ; Market Liquidity ; Markets ; Outside Investors ; Private Sector Development ; Public Markets ; Shareholders ; Shares ; Stock ; Transaction ; Transaction Costs
    Abstract: June 2000 - Do industries that depend heavily on external finance grow faster in market-based or bank-based financial systems? Are new firms more likely to form in a bank-based or a market-based financial system? Beck and Levine find no evidence for the superiority of either market-based or bank-based financial systems for industries dependent on external financing. But they find overwhelming evidence that industries heavily dependent on external finance grow faster in economies with higher levels of financial development and with better legal protection for outside investors - including strong creditor and shareholder rights and strong contract enforcement mechanisms. Financial development also stimulates the establishment of new firms, which is consistent with the Schumpeterian view of creative destruction. Financial development matters. That the financial system is bank-based or market-based offers little additional information. This paper - a product of the Financial Sector Strategy and Policy Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the link between financial development and economic growth. The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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