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  • 2015-2019  (7)
  • Lankoski, Jussi  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (7)
  • Paris
  • Agriculture and Food  (7)
  • Employment
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 130
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarsubvention ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Artenvielfalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relationship between agricultural support policies (adapted from the OECD Producer Support Estimate (PSE) classification) and a selection of environmental impacts are analysed in a range of country settings, using a farm-level and a market-level model. Based on the methods and environmental indicators used, market price support and payments based on unconstrained variable input use were the most environmentally harmful among the various PSE measures. Decoupled support payments based on non-current crop area were the least harmful, even when considering their impacts on the behaviour of risk averse farmers. The impacts of support policies that clearly change the competitiveness of one production activity in relation to another, such as payments based on current crop area or on animal numbers, were more equivocal. Support payments subject to environmental constraints can improve environmental outcomes compared to coupled support without restrictions, however, they can also have unintended environmental impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/add0f27c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synergies and trade-offs between adaptation, mitigation and agricultural productivity : a synthesis report (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 110
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Frankreich ; Niederlande ; Finnland ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report develops quantitative and qualitative frameworks to test the possibility of systematically assessing a range of policies and their intended and unintended effects. The analysis spans the three policy objectives of enhanced productivity, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation. The preliminary findings and lessons learned are drawn from two applications of a qualitative framework (France and the Netherlands), where information was gathered through a wide-ranging questionnaire, and from two applications of a quantitative modelling framework which was tested using data from Finland and from selected sites in one region of the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/07dcb05c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling policy coherence between adaptation, mitigation and agricultural productivity (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 111
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Ökosteuer ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Klimapolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper develops theoretical and quantitative analysis to identify the potential synergies and trade-offs inherent in various policy instruments that address agricultural productivity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and water quality objectives. The theoretical model used describes crop production choices made by farmers given different sets of government policies and whereby crop yields can be impacted by climate change. Quantitative results on the basis of Finnish data show that decoupled area payment appears to provide more trade-offs than other policy instruments as it increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient runoff, and decrease total factor productivity and social welfare relative to a situation with no policy. Nitrogen fertiliser tax, a soil GHG emission tax, and a subsidy for green set-aside perform well with respect to all other objectives with the exception of adaptation to climate change. These policy instruments significantly reduce GHG emissions and nutrient runoff, and thus their social welfare performance is high.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee62a5ae-en
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land use and ecosystem services (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 114
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Wasser ; Qualität ; Ökosteuer ; Ökosystem ; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse ; Auktion ; Räumliche Wirkung ; Landnutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report assesses the crucial drivers of ecosystem services and proposes actions to develop a more effective policy mix. Several elements form the basis of this report. First, a literature review provides an overview of the state and trends of ecosystem services linked to agriculture, including issues related to land use. Secondly, results are presented from a quantitative model developed to illustrate the potential benefits of improving policy design as well as to investigate synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services. This report also includes a review of experiences in an inventory of ecosystems in selected countries and policy initiatives that address ecosystem services linked to agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7ec938e-en
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alternative payment approaches for biodiversity conservation in agriculture (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 93
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Artenschutz ; Naturschutz ; Umweltabgabe ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use policies implemented in OECD countries could be made more environmentally effective and cost-effective. Several policy innovations could change this, however. To test this, a theoretical framework was developed to describe farmers’ participation in government payment programmes that enhance semi-natural wildlife habitats on farmland. The types of payments analysed here include: uniform payments; three types of conservation auctions with environmental targeting; uniform payment with environmental targeting; and two types of differentiated payments with environmental targeting. Quantitative results show that uniform payments are less efficient than other payment types, and that auctions with environmental targeting are the most cost-effective option. However, if farmers have knowledge of the environmental value of their offer, the cost-effectiveness of auctions decreases because they tend to increase their bids to benefit from this information rent (overcompensating income forgone). Adding environmental targeting to the uniform payment policy greatly improves the cost-effectiveness of uniform payment. The analysis clearly shows that, when targeted payments are implemented, the gains from environmental targeting are large and exceed the increase in policy-related transaction costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm22p4ptg33-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Co-benefits and Stacking in Environmental Markets (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.72
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper investigates farmers’ incentives to participate voluntarily in carbon offset markets when environmental credit stacking is allowed, that is, farmers can stack water quality credits with carbon credits. The implications of stacking on additionality of environmental services in interlinked markets, market participation rates, and market equilibrium prices are analysed by developing a conceptual framework of environmental credit stacking, which is applied with data estimates for the US Corn Belt. Analysis shows that credit stacking increases farmers’ participation in carbon offset markets, and that such increased participation provides additionality in environmental service provision. It is further shown that ecosystem markets are interlinked so that credit price changes in one market will shift credit supply in another market, thus affecting equilibrium prices. Empirical application of the framework shows that provision of CO2-eq offsets through reductions of nitrogen application or through the establishment of green set-asides is not profitable without water quality credits. A conversion from conventional tillage and reduced tillage to no-till is profitable in some cases, although current low carbon offset prices and transaction costs have a significant negative impact on the number of participating parcels. When farmers are allowed to stack water quality credits the profitability of carbon sequestration practices increases. Reduced nitrogen application levels becomes a profitable option and 21% of field parcels - representing 4.6 million acres- participate in the market with water quality credit prices at base levels of USD 3/lb for N and USD 4/lb for P. The establishment of green set-aside and streamside buffer strips becomes profitable in the lower productivity and highly erodible lands with base prices of nutrient credits. If water quality trading markets are small then high participation rates among farmers may result in an oversupply of nutrient credits and as a consequence equilibrium credit prices and farmers’ credit revenue would decrease.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js6g5khdvhj-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapport coût efficacité des mesures d'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en agriculture : Examen des travaux publiés (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cost-Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures for Agriculture: A Literature Review
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Ce document livre un examen des travaux publiés à l'échelle internationale sur le rapport coût-efficacité des mesures axées sur l'offre qui permettent de réduire l'intensité des émissions de gaz à effet de serre agricoles en préservant ou renforçant la production. La présente étude analyse 65 études internationales récentes consacrées au rapport coût-efficacité de mesures agricoles d'atténuation, qui couvrent 181 activités différentes. Neuf études de cas de mesures d'atténuation largement appliquées illustrent, en général à partir d'une méthode d’estimation ascendante des coûts, les différences significatives du rapport coût-efficacité des mesures entre les pays et les études, dues en partie à des différences contextuelles. Les comparaisons entre ces études hétérogènes doivent être appréhendées avec toute la circonspection voulue, mais les résultats suggèrent que les mesures reposant sur l'efficience d'utilisation des engrais et l'amélioration génétique du bétail, ainsi que les possibilités d’amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique des engins et machines agricoles, sont considérées comme des solutions d'atténuation hautement performantes en terme de coût-efficacité dans les différents pays. Un premier examen des mesures publiques montre qu’il existe différentes solutions possibles pour encourager l'adoption de mesures économes et efficaces, allant de campagnes d'information à des stratégies d'incitation. Il convient d'approfondir l'analyse pour surmonter les difficultés d'estimation restantes et trouver comment les mesures d'atténuation peuvent s'inscrire dans le cadre plus vaste des stratégies climatiques, agricoles et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrvvkhfn7nr-fr
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