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  • Égert, Balázs  (16)
  • Koen, Vincent  (12)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (16)
  • Paris : OECD  (12)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
  • Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics Dir.
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
  • Amtsdruckschrift  (28)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boosting productivity and living standards in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1470
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regionales Cluster ; Branchenentwicklung ; Digitalisierung ; Bildung ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Innovation ; Geldpolitik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Industrie 4.0 ; Qualifikation ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Prosperity pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for an integrated approach based on boosting productivity through diversification, upgrading technology and innovation, and increasing employment and entrepreneurship. Thailand needs to address all these challenges to achieve high-income country status by 2036. Over the past decade, limited structural reform and capital investment have held back productivity growth and improvements in well-being, and Thailand has lost ground vis-à-vis regional comparators. More recently, however, economic growth has started to regain momentum helped by a pick-up in global trade, which has supported exports, and by a substantial public infrastructure investment programme. Moving forward, Thailand will need to boost productive capacity in the face of intensified competition with regional peers and rapid demographic ageing. In addition, productivity gains will be increasingly necessary to drive growth. Key areas of focus include improving human resource development, encouraging technology diffusion via cluster development, promoting innovation and digitalisation, improving the SME policy framework and expanding regional integration, as emphasised in the government’s 12th Plan and Thailand 4.0. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e525c875-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Making growth more inclusive in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1469
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The People pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development focuses on quality of life in all its dimensions, and emphasises the international community’s commitment to ensuring all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity, equality and good health. Thailand’s path from a low-income to an upper-middle-income country over recent decades is widely hailed as a development success story. Poverty has fallen impressively and inequality is on a downwards trend, but more efforts are needed to reduce still widespread informality and persistent, substantial regional inequalities, and to further improve living standards, especially for those who currently work informally. To achieve these objectives, the government needs to: (i) consider tax and regulatory measures to encourage formalisation; (ii) boost the participation rates of informal workers in social protection schemes; (iii) expand adequate social safety nets for poor households and the elderly; (iv) prepare the healthcare system for an ageing and modernising society; and (v) improve the education system, particularly in rural areas. Gaps also remain in ensuring women’s political participation and reducing gender-based violence. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/263a78df-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The quantification of structural reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1482
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6d883be1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The quantification of structural reforms : introducing country-specific policy effects (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1487
    Schlagwort(e): Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions. This approach allows for the incorporation of a potentially large set of additional policy areas including institutions and policy areas with limited time-series availability (e.g. sub-components of the Product Market Regulation indicator, housing market regulations and policies, Doing Business indicators and the quality of institutions such as the rule of law indicator or the efficiency of the legal system). Results suggest that for instance, when more stringent product market regulation hurts more in more open economies. Better institutions amplify the positive effect of R&D spending. Tax wedge reduction leads to less employment gains when EPL is not very stringent.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/885727c3-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulation, institutions and aggregate investment : new evidence from OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1392
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Strukturpolitik ; Kapitalintensität ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the relationship linking investment (capital stock) and structural policies. Using a panel of 32 OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, we show that more stringent product and labour market regulations are associated with less investment (lower capital stock). The paper also sheds light on the existence of non-linear effects of product and labour market regulation on the capital stock. Several alternative testing methods show that the negative influence of product and labour market regulation is considerably stronger at higher levels. The paper uncovers important policy interactions between product and labour market policies. Higher levels of product market regulations (covering state control, barriers to entrepreneurship and barriers to trade and investment) tend to amplify the negative relationships between product and labour market regulations and the capital stock. Equally important is the finding that the rule of law and the quality of (legal) institutions alters the overall impact of regulations on capital deepening: better institutions reduce the negative effect of more stringent product and labour market regulations on the capital stock, possibly through the reduction of uncertainty as regards the protection of property rights.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a4ece3c5-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The quantification of structural reforms in OECD countries : a new framework (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1354
    Schlagwort(e): Strukturwandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the paper finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the 5- to 10-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materialises at shorter horizon.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2d887027-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Malaysia's economic success story and challenges (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1369
    Schlagwort(e): Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bildungspolitik ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Malaysia ; Economics ; Malaysia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Malaysia has sustained over four decades of rapid, inclusive growth, reducing its dependence on agriculture and commodity exports to become a more diversified, modern and open economy. GDP per capita is now higher than in a number of OECD economies, while poverty and income inequality have declined considerably. Growth has also been remarkably resilient in the face of external shocks. Going forward, the Malaysian government's 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-20) emphasises the need for greater inclusiveness. Continued, gradual fiscal consolidation is a key policy priority, building on earlier energy and food subsidy rationalisation and on the introduction of a goods and services tax. So is continued prudent monetary and financial policy. Further reforms are needed for Malaysia to become a high-income nation around 2020: productivity growth needs to be reinvigorated through various structural reforms while growth needs to become more inclusive.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/cf7fddf2-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulation, institutions and productivity : new macroeconomic evidence from OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1393
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Messung ; Humankapital ; Makroökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Empirical research on the drivers of multi-factor productivity (MFP) is abundant at the firm- and industry level but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the determinants of MFP at the macroeconomic level. In this paper, we seek to understand the drivers of country-level MFP with a special emphasis on product and labour market policies and the quality of institutions. For a panel of OECD countries, we find that anticompetitive product market regulations are associated with lower MFP levels and that higher innovation intensity and greater openness go in tandem with higher MFP. We also find that the impact of product market regulations on MFP may depend on the level of labour market regulations. Better institutions, a more business friendly environment and lower barriers to trade and investment amplify the positive impact of R&D spending on MFP. Finally, we also show that cross-country MFP variations can be explained to a considerable extent by cross-country variation in labour market regulations, barriers to trade and investment and institutions (including corruption).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/579ceba4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fostering inclusive growth in Malaysia (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1371
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Sicherheit ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Malaysia ; Economics ; Malaysia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Malaysia has followed a comparatively equitable development path, largely eliminating absolute poverty and greatly reduced ethnic inequality. Income and wealth inequality have gradually declined since the mid-1970s. With the “people economy” at the centre of Malaysia’s ambition to become a high-income country by 2020, the focus is shifting to the challenges of relative poverty and achieving sustainable improvements in individual and societal well-being through inclusive growth. This shift would be aided by reforms in several policy areas where Malaysia may compare favourably within its region but less so relative to OECD countries. This includes reforms to increase access to quality education, provide comprehensive social protection, raise the labour force participation of women and older persons, maintain universal access to quality public healthcare, improve pension system sustainability and adequacy and move towards a tax and transfer system that does more for inclusiveness.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/24837aed-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boosting productivity in Malaysia (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1370
    Schlagwort(e): 1970 - 2020 ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Malaysia ; Economics ; Malaysia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Productivity growth is essential to providing sustainable increases in living standards. Malaysia has reached a development stage where growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains than the sheer accumulation of capital and labour inputs. The 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-20) sets an ambitious labour productivity growth target of 3.7% per year, well above the 2% average growth recorded from 2011 to 2015. Co-ordinated structural reforms will be necessary to achieve the productivity improvements needed to attain high-income country status. Areas where reforms would deliver the greatest boost to productivity include increasing the quality of education and skills training, spurring innovation, adopting information technology more widely, fostering a well-functioning competition policy framework, improving the functioning of the labour market and the regulatory framework for small and medium-sized enterprises, fostering regional integration and raising public sector productivity.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e8985a5b-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Income, wealth and equal opportunities in Sweden (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1394
    Schlagwort(e): Vermögensverteilung ; Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Mietenpolitik ; Migranten ; Alleinerziehende ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Schweden ; Economics ; Sweden ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Sweden is an egalitarian society in international comparison, and has managed to combine equity with economic efficiency. Rapidly rising inequality and relative poverty from a historical low in the 1980s partly stem from ageing, changing family structures and migration. Living standards increased for all groups, but social benefits rose less than earned income. Incomes of newly-arrived immigrants and single mothers trailed the median. Bottlenecks in the migrant settlement process are costly to migrants and society, and high entry wages further slow integration. Spatial segregation leads to school segregation and potentially reduced social mobility for the least endowed, and rental regulations reduce the scope for settling where job opportunities are the best. Fast-growing capital incomes, likely linked to increasing wealth concentration and income shifting, increased inequality. Low intergenerational income mobility in the very top of the income distribution is a concern. Social benefits should be uprated more systematically and regressive housing-related taxation reformed to strengthen redistribution. Migrant settlement and integration need to be better coordinated and adapted to individual starting points. The number of wage subsidies and their administrative complexity should be reduced to ease labour market entry. Dysfunctional rental regulations should be reformed to increase mobility and limit spatial segregation. This working paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Sweden (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-sweden.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e900be20-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Aggregate multi-factor productivity : measurement issues in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1441
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Humankapital ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses for 34 OECD countries the extent to which the calculation of aggregate multi-factor productivity (MFP) is sensitive to alternative parameterisations. The starting point is the definition of MFP used in previous work in the OECD’s Economics Department (e.g. Johansson et al. 2013). They include alternative MFP measures, with human capital included or excluded, with different measures of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates, using time-varying capital depreciation rates and different measures of capital stock and labour input (headcount against hours worked). The main result of the paper is that whether or not human capital is included in MFP makes a significant difference for the level and dynamics of MFP. At the same time, MFP measures are less sensitive to other parameters of the calculation.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5c80faf8-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Structural policy indicators database for economic research (SPIDER) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1429
    Schlagwort(e): Strukturpolitik ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Datenbank ; Wirtschaftsforschung ; Schwellenländer ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document describes the OECD’s new Structural Policy Indicators Database for Economic Research (SPIDER). The database compiles data from various existing databases. It contains indicators capturing structural policies (including institutions, framework condition policies and policies specifically related to labour markets and drivers of productivity and investment such as trade, skills and innovation). It also contains some basic macroeconomic indicators. The main idea of the database is to provide all the data needed for empirical analysis on structural policies in one place to facilitate empirical investigations. The indicators collected comprise three types of data: data with long-time series covering OECD countries, data covering a larger set of countries for a varying number of years, and finally a set of time-invariant indicators. The paper illustrates the use of the database on the basis of different growth regressions employed in the literature.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/39d69dff-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
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    Online-Ressource
    The quantification of structural reforms : extending the framework to emerging market economies (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1442
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Produktivität ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates and quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income for a large set of OECD and non-OECD countries. The findings suggest that the quality of institutions matters to a large extent for economic outcomes. More competition-friendly regulations, as measured by the OECDs’ Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicator improve economic outcomes. Lower barriers to foreign trade and investment help MFP. Lower barriers to entry and less pervasive state control of businesses boost the capital stock and the employment rate. No robust link between labour market regulation and MFP and capital deepening could be established. But looser labour market regulation is found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates. The paper shows that countries at different level of economic development face different policy impacts. Furthermore, PMR effects depend on the level of labour market regulations.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f0a6fdcb-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulations in services sectors and their impact on downstream industries : the OECD 2013 REGIMPACT indicator (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1303
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungssektor ; Regulierung ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document presents the new 2013 set of the OECD Regulatory Impact (REGIMPACT) indicator. It measures the impact of regulatory barriers to competition in non-manufacturing sectors on all industries, through intermediate inputs. The paper describes how the indicator is calculated and discusses a number of challenges and trade-offs when constructing the indicator. They relate to the composition of the indicator, how the slow-moving or time-invariant retail and professional services regulation data are integrated with the annual energy, transport and communication regulation (ETCR) indicator and what sector weights are used for the calculation of the REGIMPACT indicator. The document then compares the 2003, 2008 and 2013 vintages of the REGIMPACT indicator and the alternative (narrow and wide) definitions of the 2013 indicator. Finally, the paper uses sectoral data to illustrate the extent to which different vintages and alternative indicator definitions can possibly influence sector-level panel regression results for outcome variables such as productivity, investment and labour inputs.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlwz7kz39q8-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Employment and skills in Finland (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1320
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Finnland ; Economics ; Finland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Employment fosters equity and economic inclusiveness because those out of work face the highest risk of poverty, and it generates the tax receipts on which the social safety net depends. Further enhancing education and life-long learning would lower hurdles to employment, which are high for the low-skilled. Policies to speed up tertiary graduation, improve work incentives and activation of the unemployed and postpone labour market exit are necessary to bring the employment rate closer to the level of other Nordics. Easing employment regulations and allowing more flexible wage setting would increase both employment and productivity. This working paper relates to the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Finland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-finland.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlv239kcq9r-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intergovernmental grants, pro- or counter-cyclical? (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 S.)
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels 3
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1072
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzausgleich ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides empirical analysis that measures the cyclical properties of intergovernmental transfers (or grants). Modelling a fiscal policy reaction function this paper tests whether the transfers systems in OECD countries are pro- or counter-cyclical, i.e. whether they offset cyclical fluctuations of sub-central economies or, on the contrary, exacerbate them. Regression results suggest that transfer systems tend to be pro-cyclical in general and in more than half of OECD countries they tend to destabilise sub-central budgets. Transfer pro-cyclicality may be the result of several factors: Transfer spending is often determined as a share of central government tax revenue, which itself tends to fluctuate with the cycle. Moreover, many grants are matching sub-central spending and hence tend to exacerbate fluctuations of that sub-central spending. Pro-cyclical grants could partly explain the often observed pro-cyclicality of subcentral government fiscal policy.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k43nxqrlmtf-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Climate change policies in Poland : minimising abatement costs (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 953
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Polen ; Environment ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Poland is on track to meet its international greenhouse-gas emissions commitments. However, it will need to cut emissions significantly in the future, if the European Commission’s proposal on the Low Carbon Roadmap is adopted. Policies should ensure that the country’s substantial reduction potential, mainly linked to the energy sector’s high emissions intensity, and implying overall abatement costs above the EU-average, is realised in a least-cost fashion by imposing an economy-wide single carbon price. This stands in contrast with current explicit and implicit carbon prices, which vary widely across different sectors of the economy. Crucial to least-cost abatement is also a high responsiveness to the EU-ETS carbon price signal. While Poland has made good progress in complying with EU regulations related to the energy sector, the large share of public ownership and the lack of effective separation between electricity producers and distributors may blur the price signal for investment decisions in generation capacity. The isolation of the Polish electricity market implies a need for more investment in low-emission technologies in Poland to achieve a given emissions-reduction target, whereas a deeper integration with neighbouring electricity markets would spread the burden more efficiently across countries. The cost-efficiency advantage of uniform support to renewables via green certificates should be retained to minimise abatement costs. Government policies aimed at a higher share of nuclear power and natural gas from shale formations need to take fully into account tail risks and the short- and long-term environmental costs of the use of the former and fully consider environmental risks related to extraction of the latter. Energy efficiency policies can help to address market failure but should not be allowed to distort relative carbon prices. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Review of Poland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Poland).
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9b7bz18m0x-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Tackling Turkey's external and domestic macroeconomic imbalances (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 986
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Türkei ; Economics ; Turkey ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Effective macroeconomic and structural policies helped Turkey bounce back quickly and strongly from the global crisis, with annual growth averaging close to 9% over 2010-11. However, the current account deficit widened to around 10% of GDP in 2011 and consumer price inflation rose to over 10%. The external deficit, which is far too large for comfort, is a source of vulnerability. So is high inflation, even if it partly reflects transient factors. These imbalances signal competitiveness problems and a dearth of domestic saving. They need to be addressed using both macroeconomic and structural policy levers. Monetary policy has recently tried to reduce the volatility of capital flows but inflation has been high and volatile. The inflation target needs to be given greater prominence. The fiscal stance remains broadly appropriate but could be tighter, if warranted, to complement monetary restraint and help keep the real exchange rate on a sustainable path. More balanced growth through strengthened competitiveness and greater private saving calls inter alia for increased labour force participation, accelerated formalisation, stronger productivity growth, improvements in financial literacy and a more attractive menu of saving instruments. Improvements in the business environment would spur foreign direct investment, making for healthier funding of the external gap. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Turkey (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/turkey).
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k92smvqbb8v-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Public debt, economic growth and nonlinear effects : myth or reality? (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 993
    Schlagwort(e): 1790-2009 ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The economics profession seems to increasingly endorse the existence of a strongly negative nonlinear effect of public debt on economic growth. Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) were the first to point out that a public debt-to-GDP ratio higher than 90% of GDP is associated with considerably lower economic performance in advanced and emerging economies alike. A string of recent empirical papers broadly validates this threshold value. This paper seeks to contribute to this literature by putting a variant of the Reinhart-Rogoff dataset to a formal econometric testing. Using nonlinear threshold models, there is some evidence in favour of a negative nonlinear relationship between debt and growth. But these results are very sensitive to the time dimension and country coverage considered, data frequency (annual data vs. multi-year averages) and assumptions on the minimum number of observations required in each nonlinear regime. We show that when non-linearity is detected, the negative nonlinear effect kicks in at much lower levels of public debt (between 20% and 60% of GDP). These results, based on bivariate regressions on secular time series, are largely confirmed on a shorter dataset (1960-2010) when using a multivariate growth framework that accounts for traditional drivers of long-term economic growth and model uncertainty. Nonlinear effects might be more complex and difficult to model than previously thought. Instability might be a result of nonlinear effects changing over time, across countries and economic conditions. Further research is certainly needed to fully understand the link between public debt and growth.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k918xk8d4zn-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Structural reforms to boost Turkey's long-term growth (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 987
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Türkei ; Economics ; Turkey ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Turkey can achieve strong sustainable growth and job creation but further reforms in the labour market, education and product markets are required for such gains to materialise. In recent years, growth has been largely driven by the industrial catch-up of Anatolian regions, although the Marmara area in the West has also been very dynamic. In the process, labour force participation has started to rise anew, but around one third of new low-skilled jobs have been created in the informal sector. Sustaining vigorous growth over the longer run therefore requires pushing ahead with a number of structural reforms. First, Turkey’s rigid labour market regulation needs to evolve, so as to encourage job creation in the formal sector. Second, further progress with education reform, from pre-school all the way to the tertiary level and vocational training, is needed to boost growth and bring about employment gains in the formal sector. Third, implementing product market reforms, notably in network industries, would unleash productivity gains in those sectors and be a boost to the rest of the economy. A set of alternative growth scenarios through 2030 illustrates how progress on these various fronts can deliver lasting improvements in living standards. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Turkey (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/turkey).
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k92smv7cnjl-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The nature of financial and real business cycles : the great moderation and banking sector pro-cyclicality (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 938
    Schlagwort(e): 1790-2009 ; Real-Business-Cycle-Theorie ; Finanzsektor ; Konjunktur ; Börsenkurs ; Kredit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Finanzsystem ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9h28k3gt24-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The impact of changes in second pension pillars on public finances in Central and Eastern Europe (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 942
    Schlagwort(e): Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Rentenreform ; Betriebliche Altersversorgung ; Sozialversicherungsbeitrag ; Rentenfinanzierung ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Polen ; Ungarn ; Estland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9fltdtxbr6-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Bringing French public debt down : the options for fiscal consolidation (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 858
    Schlagwort(e): Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Frankreich ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgdpn1hhc7k-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal prospects and reforms in India (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 911
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzreform ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Indien ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg0szw747tf-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Financial sector reform in India : time for a second wave? (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 879
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzsektor ; Bank ; Bankenregulierung ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Indien ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg8ghvzr2jk-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Can India achieve doubledigit growth? (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 883
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Indien ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg84x28tn9x-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    France's environmental policies : internalising global and local externalities (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 859
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Gewässerschutz ; Abfallpolitik ; Internalisierung externer Effekte ; Frankreich ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgdpn0n9d8v-en
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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