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  • 2015-2019  (32)
  • Iimi, Atsushi
  • Malpass, David
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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Remarks from World Bank Group President David Malpass at the G20 Leaders Summit (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: These remarks were delivered by David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, at the G20 Leaders Summit held in Osaka, Japan. He spoke about how giving women better access to economic opportunities is critical to eliminate differences in living standards between men and women. He highlighted We-Fi which is so important and how the Bank was proud to celebrate its two-year anniversary in Osaka. He spoke about the developing countries and the Bank's role in actively identifying changes in the private sector environment that will attract investment and enable higher living standards and better lives. He explained the Bank's work in fragile states, such as the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, to help countries build stronger foundations so that young people are more able to stay rather than seeking to immigrate. He discussed reducing inequality and realizing inclusive and sustainable growth around the world, and how addressing these requires jobs, education, healthcare, attention to the environment, and robust commerce and trade among neighbors and nations. He concluded by saying that the Bank would continue to work with all the nations on these challenges
    DOI: 10.1596/32343
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Remarks by World Bank Group President David Malpass on Bretton Woods 75th Anniversary (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, commemorated the 75th anniversary of the 1944 conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire which led to the creation of the World Bank. He spoke about key historical events and development challenges. He discussed the IDA19 replenishment and its importance to the Sahel. He noted the evolution of development policy and development finance, including highlights like the debt crisis, globally traded bonds, and Green Bonds. He mentioned advisory services and key reports produced by the Group
    DOI: 10.1596/32345
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 3
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    Remarks at the 2019 UN High-Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, spoke about the importance of accelerating progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), which is critical in alleviating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. He highlighted on the role of IDA in funding the low-income countries for healthcare. He stated that the IDA funding was not enough and estimated a financing gap to achieve UHC in fifty-four of the poorest countries. He proposed four priority areas to close that gap. He concluded by saying that the country leadership is critical to build a healthier, prosperous, promising future for their people
    DOI: 10.1596/32496
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 4
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    Driving Growth from the Ground Up (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, spoke about the urgency of growth in developing countries. He discussed innovations in digital financial services that provide secure systems to allow poor people to electronically receive remittances, foreign aid, and social safety-net payments as well as their earnings. He cautioned about the slow global growth, and it's paramount that countries carry out well-designed structural reforms to ignite domestic growth. He highlighted on the importance of a clear analysis and understanding of a country's laws and regulations and a path of reforms or catalytic investments that will expand the private sector. Finally, he concluded by saying that World Bank Group won't give up on its main goal of reducing extreme poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/33349
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  • 5
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    Opening Remarks at the 2019 Annual Meetings Opening Press Conference (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, highlighted the urgent priorities for discussion with shareholders. Global growth is slowing. Investment is sluggish, manufacturing activity is soft, and trade is weakening. The challenges of climate change and fragility are making poor countries more vulnerable. This backdrop makes our goals of reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity even harder. He suggested that with the right mix of policies and structural reforms, countries can unleash growth that's broadly shared across all segments of society. He spoke about how the Bank is helping countries build strong programs tailored to the unique circumstances of their economies. He highlighted the importance of education. He mentioned the proposed IDA replenishment, and reaffirmed commitment to projects on climate and on gender inclusion. In conclusion, he said that the well-designed structural reforms are needed to unlock growth and build the foundations for future prosperity
    DOI: 10.1596/33351
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
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    Remarks at the SDG Summit (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, addressed the challenges to reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. He mentioned Brexit, negative interest rates, trade frictions, global economic slowdown, sluggish investment, debt burdens, and lack of access to clean water, education, electricity, roads, and basic health care. The World Bank focuses on helping developing countries implement good policies. Many need a bolder agenda for boosting private sector growth. He noted that the problem of global poverty is urgent, so we need to act quickly, and work continually with everyone on these challenges
    DOI: 10.1596/33348
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  • 7
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    Discussion at the Center for Global Development (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank, addressed the common challenge presented by slowing world growth. He remarked that governance issues are apparent around the world. On matters of debt, he emphasized dispute settlement, debt contract transparency, contract fairness, and facilitating better living standards. He noted that some countries' debt payments are in arrears
    DOI: 10.1596/33487
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 8
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    Remarks at Media Roundtable during Annual Meetings 2019 (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Speeches of World Bank Presidents
    Abstract: David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, fielded questions from the media. He spoke about fundraising for the nineteenth replenishment of IDA. He explained the importance of debt transparency. He discussed the World Bank's role in Ukraine in terms of land reform, the reform of the financial system, reform of state-owned enterprises, reform of the of Ukraine's fiscal structure, and related issues. He discussed the Bank's work on climate change and the environment. He highlighted the sluggish growth of investment in developing countries, but with good policies, countries can find a way to go against the trend and improve their growth outlook. He commented on trade facilitation and trade integration in Africa. He cautioned about the slowness of world trade growth and its implications on developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/33350
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  • 9
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    Job accessibility and urban transport connectivity : evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8959
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Job Accessibility and Urban Transport Connectivity: Evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In recent years, there has been renewed interest in access to jobs in relation to transport connectivity. In Sub-Saharan Africa, about 14 million working age people are added to the labor market every year. Ensuring sustained access to jobs seems to be a prerequisite for inclusive and robust economic growth. The paper examines the impact of public transit connectivity on access to jobs, especially focusing on wages. Using data from Antananarivo, Madagascar, it is shown that the wages earned by commuters are systematically higher than the wages earned by those who decided not to commute and are self-employed or engaged with family businesses around their neighborhood. Proximity to public transport, especially taxi-be, is important to promote people's access to jobs. It is also found that there is a substantial gender inequality in wages in the country: Women are more likely to use buses to commute, and yet, they earn less than men. In addition, the poor tend to benefit less from public transportation. Public bus services are affordable, however, the quality of the services may remain low
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8959
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
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    Location, location, location revisited : evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8958
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Location, Location, Location Revisited: Evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Understanding how land prices are determined is of particular importance for policy makers; however, there is little evidence in African countries, which are currently experiencing rapid urbanization. The paper examines the relationship between land prices and locational characteristics using data from Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. It is found that the land value gradients are relatively steep, indicating that the land and housing prices tend to overshoot in the middle of the city, pushing the poor away from the city to suburban areas. It is also found that access to transport infrastructure and services, such as minibuses, is an important determinant of land value. Not only transport connectivity, but also other factors, such as proximity to amenities and administrative centers, are found to be important. Better land management and urban transport policies are called for to promote these aspects in the city
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8958
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
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    Hidden treasures in the Comoros : the impact of inter-island connectivity improvement on agricultural production (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8960
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Hidden Treasures in the Comoros: The Impact of Inter-Island Connectivity Improvement on Agricultural Production
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper revisits the traditional transport-agricultural growth nexus. Connectivity is particularly challenging for small island developing states, such as the Comoros, where domestic markets are limited and transport and transaction costs tend to be high. Using household survey data from Comoros, the paper shows that significant untapped economic potential exists in the domestic market. The analysis shows that better transport connectivity increases crop production and market sales. Accessibility to Moroni, the primary market in the country, and inter-island connectivity are of particular importance. Not only transport infrastructure, but also services are important. Access to intermediary services, such as cooperatives and collectors, is also found to have a positive impact on crop production and market sales
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8960
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
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    Spatial Analysis of Liberia's Transport Connectivity and Potential Growth (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Liberia has been influenced by the Ebola crisis since 2014, but the economy is now recovering quickly. Still, significant challenges lie ahead. Agriculture, an important sector that employs approximately half of the labor force, still has a weak growth trajectory. Many rural people are not well connected to markets and live below the poverty line. To use limited resources effectively, strategic planning and prioritization of public investment are essential. Particularly, the Ebola crisis revealed the vulnerability of the country's transport connectivity and health systems. This book analyzes the country's transport connectivity, identifying the existing bottlenecks and possible economic potentials. By taking advantage of the country's first-ever georeferenced road network data, the analysis casts light on various aspects of connectivity, such as rural accessibility, market access, access to port and health facilities and multimodal connectivity, including cabotage. It is shown that transport connectivity is crucial to increasing agricultural production, stimulating agglomeration economies, and supporting people's access to health care services. Significant resources are likely to be required to meet the existing gap. The book estimates the financial needs by development objective and discusses important policy issues, including the possibility of public-private partnerships to finance transport infrastructure
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1286-6
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  • 13
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    Crop production, transport infrastructure, and agrobusiness nexus : evidence from Madagascar (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8486
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Crop Production, Transport Infrastructure, and Agrobusiness Nexus: Evidence from Madagascar
    Keywords: Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb ; Agroindustrie ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Madagaskar ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The literature suggests a wide range of impacts of improved transport connectivity on agricultural growth. Still, the infrastructure-growth nexus remains somewhat mysterious, particularly in the African context, because many rural farmers do not have their own transport means. Using data from Madagascar, the paper reexamines the important roles of agrobusinesses. By applying the spatial autoregressive model, it is shown that proximity to input-oriented agrobusinesses, such as input dealers and equipment suppliers, is particularly important to increase rice production. Fertilizer and irrigation use is also found important, indicating the needs for intensification in rice production. Market accessibility is always found as a significant determinant: transport infrastructure connecting farmers and markets, especially the capital city, Antananarivo, is therefore important to develop and maintain
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8486
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  • 14
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    Optimal locational choice for agrobusinesses in Madagascar : an application of spatial autoregressive Tobit regression (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8488
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Optimal Locational Choice for Agrobusinesses in Madagascar: An Application of Spatial Autoregressive Tobit Regression
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Betriebliche Standortwahl ; Madagaskar ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The traditional location theory predicts that firms' locational choice is independent of the output demand. However, firms are often concentrated in large markets. In Africa, agrobusinesses are expected to play an important role to facilitate agricultural growth but are hardly available in rural areas. This paper examines the question of why agribusinesses are not located in local production areas despite the clear benefits expected from close proximity to their inputs. By applying the spatial autocorrelation Tobit model, the paper estimates the impacts of market and farm accessibility on agglomeration of new agrobusinesses in Madagascar. The findings show that market accessibility and agglomeration economies are important for attracting more agrobusinesses. The quality of labor is also an important determinant for their locational choice. The findings are consistent with some models of location theory: firms move away from rural areas where they may still have monopsony power, toward urban areas where productivity is higher
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8488
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  • 15
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    Firm location, transport connectivity, and agglomeration economies : evidence from Liberia (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8411
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Firm Location, Transport Connectivity, and Agglomeration Economies: Evidence from Liberia
    Keywords: Betrieblicher Standort ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Agglomerationseffekt ; Logit-Modell ; Liberia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Transport connectivity is among the most important factors in increasing firm productivity and accelerating economic development. The literature generally supports the idea of agglomeration economies, although there is little evidence of their effectiveness in Africa. There are often empirical challenges, such as spatial externalities and endogeneity of infrastructure development. Using firm registry data in Liberia, this study used the instrumental variable spatial autoregressive model to examine the effects of transport connectivity on firms' decisions on where to locate. The study found significant spatial autocorrelation and possible endogeneity related to transport infrastructure, and that firms are more likely to be located where market accessibility is better. The data indicated strong agglomeration economies, indicating that the primary city, Monrovia, is likely to continue to grow and attract more people and firms, and that secondary cities can also grow with greater transport connectivity between populated areas, such as district centers
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8411
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
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    Heterogeneous impacts of main and feeder road improvements : evidence from Ethiopia (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8548
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Heterogeneous Impacts of Main and Feeder Road Improvements; Evidence from Ethiopia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Rural access is among the most important infrastructure constraints in rural Africa. Using the results from comprehensive household surveys and other data from Ethiopia, the paper recasts light on the heterogeneous impacts of road accessibility on agriculture and nonagricultural growth. It is found that crop production is increased by major and feeder road improvements. Significant synergy is also found. When investigating further into this effect, there are two impacts: farmers' access to the input market, especially fertilizer, was improved mainly by major corridor improvement. And output market access was improved by feeder road improvement. In addition, the household's nonagricultural income is somehow increased by improved road connectivity. There must be secondary effects. The transport demand function estimated with additional data indicates that as the road network improves, people's mobility increases. Furthermore, local business employment is found to increase with road improvements. To meet the increasing demand for mobility, efficiency and frequency of transport services are important
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8548
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  • 17
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    Transport connectivity and health care access : evidence from Liberia (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8413
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Transport Connectivity and Health Care Access: Evidence from Liberia
    Keywords: Straße ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; IV-Schätzung ; Liberia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Health care access is an important policy concern, especially in rural areas. It is especially challenging in developing countries, where rural residents are poorer and less likely to be insured than those living in urban areas. Using the case of Liberia, this paper examines the effects of transport connectivity on health care access. The Ebola crisis in 2014 and 2015 clearly revealed the vulnerability of the country's transport and health systems to unexpected external shocks. Paying particular attention to the possible challenge of endogeneity associated with infrastructure investment, the study found that transport connectivity, especially greater road density, can increase access to health care, but there was no significant effect of road quality. This may be because of significantly skewed underlying data. The vast majority of roads in Liberia are in poor condition. The study also found that the statistical effect of road density varies depending on distance from a health facility. The effect is particularly significant within a 30- to 50-kilometer radius. Not only rural accessibility, but also broader transport connectivity needs to be developed to increase health care access
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8413
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  • 18
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    Transport connectivity, medical supplies, and people’s health care access : evidence from Madagascar (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8487
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Transport Connectivity, Medical Supplies, and People's Health Care Access: Evidence from Madagascar
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Krankenhausmanagement ; Medizinprodukt ; Arzneimittel ; Transportmanagement ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; Ländlicher Raum ; Kleinste-Quadrate-Methode ; Madagaskar ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Health care access is a challenge in rural areas in Africa. On the demand side, rural people are often poor, and transport connectivity is typically bad in rural and remote areas. Because of limited transport connectivity, the quality of health care services provided is also often compromised. In Madagascar, the poor condition of the road network has long hampered the sustainability of the medical supply chain in rural areas. The paper shows that people's demand for health care services is affected not only by local transport connectivity, but also availability of medical supplies at the health facility level, which is also determined by primary and secondary road network connectivity. This in turn further suppresses people's demand in rural areas. The results also indicate that it is important to ensure financial affordability among the poor, which is found to be one of the most crucial constraints
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8487
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  • 19
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    Output- and Performance-Based Road Contracts and Agricultural Production : Evidence from Zambia (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Output- and Performance-Based Road Contracts and Agricultural Production: Evidence from Zambia
    Abstract: Rural access is among the most important infrastructure elements to stimulate economic growth in rural and remote areas. The sustainability of feeder road maintenance is a challenge in many developing countries. Many feeder roads are unpaved and need to be maintained frequently, but they are often neglected under budget pressure. Output- and performance-based road contracts are an instrument to ensure the sustainability of road maintenance. Contractors are required not only to improve roads, but also to maintain them. Using micro data from household surveys in Zambia, the paper examines the impacts of output- and performance-based road contracts on agricultural production. It shows that the contracts have a significant impact on crop production, especially maize and groundnuts, two major crops grown in the study area. The paper also finds that the measured impacts are associated with actual road maintenance works, regardless of contractual methods. Any road work can improve people's connectivity, even if it is not an output- and performance-based road contracts. The impact of the contracts is catalytic: more road works were implemented on contract roads than non-contract roads, holding everything else constant. This is an important contribution to the sustainability of road maintenance. Finally, road improvement works are found to facilitate farmers' market participation, but the impact seems weak. There may be other constraints. Transport service costs are found to have a negative impact on farmers' market sales. Thus, although roads are improved, transport services may be not available or too expensive, which still hamper farmers' market participation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8201
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  • 20
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    Port Rail Connectivity and Agricultural Production : Evidence from a Large Sample of Farmers in Ethiopia (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Port Rail Connectivity and Agricultural Production: Evidence from a Large Sample of Farmers in Ethiopia
    Abstract: Agriculture remains an important economic sector in Africa, employing a large share of the labor force and earning foreign exchange. Among others, transport connectivity has long been a crucial constraint in Africa. In theory, railways have a particularly important role to play in shipping freight and passengers at low cost. However, most African railways were in virtual bankruptcy by the 1990s. Using a large sample of data comprised of more than 190,000 households over eight years in Ethiopia, the paper estimates the impacts of rail transport on agricultural production. Methodologically, the paper takes advantage of the historical event that a major rail line connecting the country to the regional hub, the Port of Djibouti, was abandoned in the 2000s. With spatially highly disaggregated fixed effects and instrumental variables incorporated, an agricultural production function is estimated. The elasticity with respect to port connectivity is estimated at 0.276. The use of fertilizer is also found to increase with transport cost reduction, supporting the fact that a large amount of fertilizer is imported to Ethiopia
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8088
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  • 21
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    Rail Transport and Firm Productivity : Evidence from Tanzania (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Rail Transport and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Tanzania
    Abstract: Railway transport generally has the advantage for large-volume, long-haul freight operations. Africa possesses significant railway assets. However, many rail lines are currently not operational because of the lack of maintenance. The paper recasts light on the impact of rail transportation on firm productivity, using micro data collected in Tanzania. To avoid the endogeneity problem, the instrumental variable technique is used to estimate the impact of rail transport. The paper shows that the overall impact of rail use on firm costs is significant despite that the rail unit rates are set lower when the shipping distance is longer. Rail transport is a cost-effective option for firms. However, the study finds that firms' inventory is costly. This is a disadvantage of using rail transport. Rail operations are unreliable, adding more inventory costs to firms. The implied elasticity of demand for transport services is estimated at ?1.01 to ?0.52, relatively high in absolute terms. This indicates the rail users' sensitivity to prices as well as severity of modal competition against truck transportation. The study also finds that firm location matters to the decision to use rail services. Proximity to rail infrastructure is important for firms to take advantage of rail benefits
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8173
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
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    Spatial Autocorrelation Panel Regression : Agricultural Production and Transport Connectivity (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Spatial Autocorrelation Panel Regression: Agricultural Production and Transport Connectivity
    Abstract: Spatial analysis in economics is becoming increasingly important as more spatial data and innovative data mining technologies are developed. Even in Africa, where data often crucially lack quality analysis, a variety of spatial data have recently been developed, such as highly disaggregated crop production maps. Taking advantage of the historical event that rail operations were ceased in Ethiopia, this paper examines the relationship between agricultural production and transport connectivity, especially port accessibility, which is mainly characterized by rail transport. To deal with endogeneity of infrastructure placement and autocorrelation in spatial data, the spatial autocorrelation panel regression model is applied. It is found that agricultural production decreases with transport costs to the port: the elasticity is estimated at -0.094 to -0.143, depending on model specification. The estimated autocorrelation parameters also support the finding that although farmers in close locations share a certain common production pattern, external shocks, such as drought and flood, have spillover effects over neighboring areas
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8089
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
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    Modal Choice between Rail and Road Transportation : Evidence from Tanzania (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Modal Choice between Rail and Road Transportation: Evidence from Tanzania
    Abstract: Rail transport generally has the advantage for large-volume long-haul freight operations. The literature generally shows that shipping distance, costs, and reliability are among the most important determinants of people's modal choice among road, rail, air, and coastal shipping transport. However, there is little evidence in Africa, although the region historically possesses significant rail assets. Currently, Africa's rail transport faces intense competition against truck transportation. With firm-level data, this paper examines shippers' modal choice in Tanzania. The traditional multinomial logit and McFadden's choice models were estimated. The paper shows that rail prices and shipping distance and volume are important determinants of firms' mode choice. The analysis also finds that the firms' modal choice depends on the type of transactions. Rail transport is more often used for international trading purposes. Exporters and importers are key customers for restoring rail freight operations. Rail operating speed does not seem to have an unambiguous effect on firms' modal selection
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8174
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
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    New Rural Access Index : Main Determinants and Correlation to Poverty (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi New Rural Access Index: Main Determinants and Correlation to Poverty
    Abstract: Transport connectivity is essential to sustain inclusive growth in developing countries, where many rural populations and businesses are still considered to be unconnected to the domestic, regional, or global market. The Rural Access Index is among the most important global indicators for measuring people's transport accessibility in rural areas where the majority of the poor live. A new method to calculate the Rural Access Index was recently developed using spatial data and techniques. The characteristics of subnational Rural Access Index estimates were investigated in eight countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. It was found that for the countries in Africa, road density and road condition are important determinants of the Rural Access Index. For the South Asian countries, improvement of road condition is particularly relevant. The evidence suggests that significant resources are likely to be required to achieve universal access through rehabilitating the existing road network and expanding the road network
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7876
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
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    Sustainability of a Residential CFL Distribution Program : Evidence from Ethiopia (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diaw, Issa Sustainability of a Residential CFL Distribution Program: Evidence from Ethiopia
    Abstract: Energy-efficient products generally offer a win-win proposition, because they pay for themselves. End users can reduce their energy costs, and power utilities can avoid costly investments in extra generation capacity. Moreover, energy efficiency can contribute to mitigating global warming. This paper casts light on the sustainability of the residential use of compact fluorescent lamps after the free compact fluorescent lamp distribution program in Ethiopia. It is found that the direct program effect has been sustained for at least four years after the program. The effect of the distributed compact fluorescent lamps may taper off, if some of the program beneficiaries reinstall relatively cheap incandescent bulbs when the compact fluorescent lamps are burned out. However, many households replaced burned out compact fluorescent lamps with new compact fluorescent lamps. This effect is found to be statistically significant, particularly among relatively low-income households, whose demand is more price-elastic. All the indications are that program participants were generally convinced that compact fluorescent lamp bulbs are more cost-effective in the long run and the program effect is sustained over time
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7811
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
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    Firm Productivity and Infrastructure Costs in East Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Firm Productivity and Infrastructure Costs in East Africa
    Abstract: Energy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7278
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
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    Firms' Locational Choice and Infrastructure Development in Tanzania : Instrumental Variable Spatial Autoregressive Model (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Firms' Locational Choice and Infrastructure Development in Tanzania: Instrumental Variable Spatial Autoregressive Model
    Abstract: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7305
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
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    Firm Inventory Behavior in East Africa (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Firm Inventory Behavior in East Africa
    Abstract: Finance and Financial Sector Development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7280
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
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    Agriculture Production and Transport Infrastructure in East Africa : An Application of Spatial Autoregression (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Agriculture Production and Transport Infrastructure in East Africa: An Application of Spatial Autoregression
    Abstract: Rural Development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7281
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
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    Firms' Locational Choice and Infrastructure Development in Rwanda (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Firms' Locational Choice and Infrastructure Development in Rwanda
    Abstract: Finance and Financial Sector Development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7279
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
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    Crop Choice and Infrastructure Accessibility in Tanzania: Subsistence Crops or Export Crops? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Crop Choice and Infrastructure Accessibility in Tanzania: Subsistence Crops or Export Crops?
    Abstract: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7306
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
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    Social and Economic Impacts of Rural Road Improvements in the State of Tocantins, Brazil (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iimi, Atsushi Social and Economic Impacts of Rural Road Improvements in the State of Tocantins, Brazil
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide feedback on the question of socioeconomic benefits from rural road development and the impact of transport infrastructure on the poor, particularly the poorest and the bottom 20 percent of the population. This paper relies on impact evaluation methodologies, which are traditionally used in social sectors but less so in the transport sector. The study, including first surveys, was launched in 2003 under the Tocantins Sustainable Regional Development Project. The paper highlights the context that led to the project's design, which included an impact evaluation of the works envisaged under the project. The paper also highlights some of the main challenges faced by this impact evaluation and how these challenges were addressed for the present study. It then provides details about the data collected during the surveys and the key relevant characteristics of the population targeted by the surveys. It discusses the possible estimation methods envisioned to undertake the study and provides the main results of the assessment based on these methods. The analysis shows that improved rural roads changed people's transport modal choice. People used more public buses and individual motorized vehicles after the rural road improvements. The paper also finds that the project increased school attendance, particularly for girls. Although the evidence is relatively weak in statistical terms, it indicates that the project contributed to increasing agricultural jobs and household income in certain regions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7249
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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