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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-life Surfacings for Roads : Field Test Results (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282108116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report is the third and final output of a ten-year international research project studying the costs and viability of long-life road pavement surfacings. It describes the results of tests conducted with epoxy asphalt and high performance cementitious materials (HPCM) on real road sections in France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The project was initiated to address a growing problem for road administrations and road users: frequent closures of roadways for repairs and repaving as a result of surface pavements that have improved but still barely kept up with increased loads and traffic density.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282108116-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adapting Transport to Climate Change and Extreme Weather : Implications for Infrastructure Owners and Network Managers (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282108079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report addresses the fundamental challenges that climate change poses to infrastructure owners, who face two major challenges. First, they must ensure continued asset performance under sometimes significantly modified climate conditions that may decrease the present value of their networks or increase maintenance and refurbishment costs. Second, they must build new assets in the context of changing and uncertain climate variables. This creates a risk of over- or under-specification of infrastructure design standards, potentially resulting in non-productive investments or network service degradation. This report investigates strategies that can help transport authorities contain network performance risks inherent in changing patterns of extreme weather.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282108079-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries : Leading a Paradigm Shift to a Safe System (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282108055
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Transport
    Abstract: This report describes a paradigm shift in road safety policy, being led by a handful of countries, according to the principles of a Safe System. A Safe System is based on the premise that road crashes are both predictable and preventable, and that it is possible to move towards zero road deaths and serious injuries. This, however, requires a fundamental rethink of the governance and implementation of road safety policy. To stem the road death epidemic, the United Nations have set the target of halving traffic fatalities by 2020. Every year, 1.25 million people are killed in road crashes and up to 50 million are seriously injured. Road crashes kill more people than malaria or tuberculosis and are among the ten leading causes of death. Their economic cost is estimated at 2-5% of GDP in many countries. Written by a group of international road safety experts, this report provides leaders in government, administrations, business and academia with emerging best practices and the starting point to chart their own journeys towards a Safe System.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282108055-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Safety for Motorcycle, Scooter and Moped Riders (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: The global fleet of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) is constantly increasing. In many countries, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds play a significant role in mobility, particularly in many of the world’s large cities. As such, PTWs are becoming an important component of the transport system. However, they represent an important challenge for road safety. PTW riders are at far more risk than car drivers per kilometre ridden in terms of fatalities and severe injuries entailing long-term disability. Moreover, they have not benefited from safety improvements at the same pace as car occupants over recent decades. Addressing the issue of PTW safety is thus an essential contribution to the success of the United Nations’ Decade of Action for Road Safety, which aims at halving the expected number of road deaths worldwide by 2020. This report reviews recent trends in powered two-wheeler crashes, the factors contributing to these crashes and their severity. It describes a set of countermeasures targeting user behaviours, the use of protective equipment, the vehicles and the infrastructure. Finally, it discusses motorcycle safety strategies in the context of a safe system.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107942-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Port Investment and Container Shipping Markets (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.157
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans les ports et les marchés du transport maritime conteneurisé
    DDC: 380.524
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Large-scale port projects have irreversible effects on land use and multiple impacts on the local economy and local community. They affect the way that the regional and national economy operates as a whole, with major impacts on regional transport systems. Port planners make better decisions when these broad impacts are examined as part of the development of a national freight transport and logistics strategy. Private investment in port terminals is also facilitated by the certainty engendered by development of a national freight transport and logistics strategy. This report examines the issues that need to be considered before the decision to proceed to costly expansions with long-life spans and a structural influence on the local and national economy. The report benefits from a case study of Chile, where plans for a major expansion of port capacity in the central part of the country are well advanced. Chile provides the detail for an examination of factors critical to decisions on container port investments anywhere: demand forecasts, change in liner shipping markets, hinterland transport capacity, competition between container terminals, and the framework for financing of investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107850-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economics of Investment in High-Speed Rail (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.155
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: High-speed trains can compete successfully with road, air and conventional rail services on densely trafficked routes where willingness to pay is sufficient at the relatively elevated fare levels needed to cover costs. High-speed rail investments can also relieve congestion on the conventional rail network, and the capacity for high-speed rail to provide fast city centre to city centre services creates new possibilities for day-return business trips and short-stay leisure trips. The long cost recovery periods for high-speed lines imply government involvement in the financing of most investments. The high costs mean that governments can be exposed to accumulation of large debts, particularly if demand develops more slowly than expected. Where high-speed rail investments are designed to promote regional integration rather than meet commercial demand, significant subsidy from central and regional governments will be needed for the construction of infrastructure and possibly also for train operations. This report examines the key factors that drive the costs of high-speed rail investment and reviews the economic benefits delivered by high-speed rail services on the basis of experience in countries that have developed large high-speed rail networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107751-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Major Transport Infrastructure Projects and Economic Development (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.154
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Grands projets d'infrastructures de transport et développement économique
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report discusses the state of the art in understanding the economic effects of major transport infrastructure projects. It examines the limits of socio-economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and reviews the development of complementary and alternative approaches to assessing the benefits of investment in large, transformative projects. In particular, his report focuses on practical appraisal tools developed for assessment of the Grand Paris super-metro and London’s Crossrail project.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107720-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expanding Airport Capacity in Large Urban Areas (2014)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282107393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.153
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Expanding airport capacity in large metropolitan areas is difficult. Community agreements on noise constrain growth at existing airports. Land prices can be prohibitive for relocating airports. Most new sites require extensive investment in surface transport links to city centres. In multi-airport regions, options for expansion at the airports are to an extent interdependent, complicating assessment of whether to build new runways. Many major airports are hubs for network carriers at the same time as serving a large local market. The complementarity between these functions may be a prerequisite for viable network operations, suggesting that distributing services over multiple airports instead of expanding the main hub would be costly. Hub airports and their network carriers often compete with hubs in neighbouring regions. The strategies of network carriers and potential new entrants to this part of the market need to be taken into account in assessing future demand for airport capacity. The requirements of low cost and other point-to-point carriers are equally important, but different. This report reviews international experience in reconciling planning and environmental constraints with demand for airport capacity and the potential benefits in terms of productivity and growth from developing international airline services. Experience is compared in London, New York, Tokyo, Osaka, Sydney and in Germany’s main airports with particular attention to the dynamics of airline markets and implications for airport planning in multi-airport cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282107393-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pedestrian Safety, Urban Space and Health (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Piétons ; Sécurité, espace urbain et santé
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Walking is the most natural form of mobility; however cities have not always evolved to accommodate the needs of pedestrians and walking has in many cases been neglected in the development of transport systems. Improving the pedestrian environment can contribute significantly to meeting the challenges of climate change, air pollution and health. This report aims to present decision-makers with hard evidence on the important place of walking in transport policies and provide guidelines for developing a safe environment conducive to walking. This is an essential contribution to creating liveable cities. Every single trip begins and ends by walking.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103654-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sharing Road Safety : Developing an International Framework for Crash Modification Functions (2012)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103760
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensemble pour la sécurité routière ; Mise au point d'un cadre de référence international pour les fonctions de modification de l'accidentalité
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Each year about 1.3 million people are killed and another 50 million people are injured on roads worldwide. These road crashes cost countries between 1 and 3 percent of their GDP. Many of these crashes can be prevented by effective countermeasures. This report helps identify the most effective safety countermeasures. Policy makers need to justify expenditure on road safety in terms of effectiveness, competing for the scarce resources available. The risk of making poor decisions and the cost of making better decisions can be reduced by the use of reliable studies on how effective safety measures are, based on Crash Modification Functions (CMFs). This report shows that there is a prospect for significant advances and major cost savings through the transfer of results internationally, allowing for more rapid adoption and dissemination of new life-saving safety measures. The report serves as a guide to how research results can be shared internationally. It provides checklist for systematic review of road safety studies and a framework for standardising methodology. The report targets the road safety research community but will also find an audience among policy makers at all levels of government. The report highlights the value of Crash Modification Functions and the importance of ensuring practicioners use the best CMFs available.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103760-en
    URL: Volltext
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