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  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • Hagemann, Robert  (3)
  • Mittelstädt, Axel  (3)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (6)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer VS
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing Populations : Economic Effects and Implications for Public Finance (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.61
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Recent swings in fertility rates, combined with anticipated increases in life expectancy, are expected to result in a significant increase in the number and proportion of elderly persons in the first half of the next century. This "ageing" of OECD populations is expected to have widespread impacts, affecting labour markets, the composition and level of consumption and output, national rates of saving and the rate of capital accumulation, etc. A widely recognized effect of ageing will be the pressures it will place on public sector finances as the share of future output transferred to a large dependent population rises. This paper discusses some of the potential economic impacts of ageing. It also presents an analysis of its impacts on public pension financing requirements, with particular emphasis on selected OECD countries -- Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United States. It is shown that, where desirable, future increases in retirement age and benefit reductions could help reduce ...
    DOI: 10.1787/401111720150
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Dynamics of an Ageing Population : The Case of Four OECD Countries (1989)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Demographic changes, such as those anticipated in most OECD countries, have many economic effects that impinge on a country's fiscal viability. Evaluation of the effects of associated changes in capital-labour ratios and the welfare and behaviour of different generations requires the use of a dynamic general equilibrium model. This paper uses an overlapping generations demographic simulation model, which incorporates bequest behaviour, technological change, the possibility that the economy is open to international trade, and government consumption expenditures that depend on the age composition of the population. The model has been further adapted to study the effects of anticipated demographic changes in Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and the United States. The simulation results indicate that these changes could have a major impact on rates of national saving, real wage rate and current accounts. One of this paper's fundamental lessons is that allowing for general ...
    DOI: 10.1787/054502801660
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax Reform in OECD Countries : Economic Rationale and Consequences (1987)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 130 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.40
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the question of tax reform in OECD countries. First, the reasons for tax reform are reviewed. These include economic efficiency arguments as well as concerns about equity which are often a major consideration. Next, the paper considers the many factors which constrain governments in their effort to reform the tax system (such as inherent conflicts between efficiency and equity, and the non-revenue objectives of taxation), and how those constraints might be reduced. Finally, the paper reviews the extent of tax reform in OECD countries, noting some of the remaining problems ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082177701741
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les prix de l'énergie : Evolution et perspectives (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.22
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document examine le comportement probable des prix de l'énergie à moyen terme pour tenter de déterminer si ces prix resteront un facteur de désinflation comme en 1983 et en 1984, ou s'ils risquent d'augmenter plus vite que les autres prix, contribuant ainsi à relancer l'inflation. La première Section retrace l'évolution récente des prix de l'énergie, et notamment des prix des sources autres que le pétrole dans les périodes de hausse et de baisse du prix du pétrole. Dans la deuxième Section, on évalue les tendances probables de la production pétrolière des pays de l'OPEP et de la production résiduelle sur les marchés mondiaux de l'énergie, dans l'hypothèse d'une croissance économique à moyen terme modérée. Etant donné le rôle ma jeur que joue le prix du pétrole dans la détermination du prix des autres formes d'énergie, en particulier du gaz naturel, cette démarche devrait donner quelques indications sur les tendances probables des prix énergétiques et sur leurs relations ...
    DOI: 10.1787/213844707150
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in the Composition of Output and Employment (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the main determinants of compositional changes in private consumption, output and employment in the post-OPEC 1 period compared with earlier developments. An attempt is made to separate cyclical forces from more permanent ones. This, it is hoped, may shed some light on the likely behaviour of employment in a setting of revived economic growth. The first part of the paper presents a brief overview of past trends for major categories of private consumption (food, other goods, private services, and energy), private sector output (mining, agriculture, manufacturing, construction and private services), sectoral employment, productivity and foreign trade shares. The second part shows empirical results from sectoral output-, private consumption- and sectoral productivity functions. Assisted by these findings a third and final part evaluates the likely evolution of sectoral output and employment in a period of faster economic growth and, as well, its implications for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/874716253535
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
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    Flexibilité du marché du travail et chocs extérieurs sur les prix (1985)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.24
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L'évolution récente et prévue du marché du travail se caractérise par une polarisation et un cloisonnement croissants entre les pays de l'OCDE et à l'intérieur des marchés du travail nationaux. On s'attend à ce qu'en Europe, le taux de chômage devienne plus élevé qu'en Amérique du Nord, étant donné qu'il continuera vraisemblablement de s'accroître dans les pays où il est déjà important et qu'il diminuera sans doute encore dans les pays où il est relativement faible. Par ailleurs, c'est en général dans les pays où le taux de chômage est élevé, que le chômage de longue durée et le chômage des jeunes par rapport au chômage total sont les plus importants. On fait souvent valoir que les écarts de taux de chômage entre pays ou régions s'expliquent en partie par des degrés différents de "rigidité" ou, en termes positifs, de "flexibilité" du marché du travail. On estime que les chocs extérieurs sur les prix entraînent un chômage structurel plus élevé lorsque le marché du travail est ...
    DOI: 10.1787/760154127846
    URL: Volltext
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