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  • 2010-2014  (512)
  • OECD  (501)
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques  (29)
  • Johnstone, Nick  (11)
  • Guth, Karl-Maria
  • Environment  (342)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (178)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The increase in the human life span is a testament to the economic, social and medical progress made over the course of the last century. However, an ageing population brings some new challenges both to healthcare systems and to medicine in terms of the increased manifestation of specific diseases primarily seen in the elderly. Biomedical innovation, and in particular research into “omics technologies”, offers the promise of new means of detection, prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities and diseases. But the development of these new technologies will not be without challenges, in particular with respect to the difficulty of translating technological advances into innovation in the clinical setting. This report provides a synthesis of a March 2013 workshop organised by the OECD and the Human Genome Organisation (HGO) which focused on latest advances in omics technologies for healthy ageing and the policies and practices needed to facilitate their responsible development and integration in medical research, innovation and health policy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 17
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As OECD countries emerge from the global financial crisis, several countries have published their plans for the development of a future bioeconomy, an economy in which bio-based materials and production techniques will contribute significantly to economic and environmental sustainability. Such plans typically involve building a bio-based production industry in which fuels, energy and materials such as chemicals and plastics, almost always generated from fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, are incrementally replaced by equivalent or novel products generated from renewable resources. The realisation of this vision will require sustainably harnessing the vast biomass resource. The highest policy priorities at present are on several levels: allowing bio-based materials to compete for biomass on price with bioelectricity and biofuels; rectifying the highly distorting fossil fuel subsidies, heading off future competition for crude oil demand; and correcting for any excessive regulatory impacts. If governments wish to realise a successful bioeconomy in the future, the case for support for bio-based chemicals and plastics warrants serious attention.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 67
    Keywords: 2000 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Investitionspolitik ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Private Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the effects of government policies on flows of private finance for investment in renewable energy (inducement effect). It also examines whether direct provision of public finance for a project increases the volume of private finance raised (“crowding in” effect). A unique dataset of financial transactions for renewable energy projects with worldwide coverage is constructed using the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database. The analysis covers 87 countries, six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydropower, marine and geothermal) and the 2000-2011 time-span. Main findings are that, in contrast to quota-based schemes, price-based support schemes are positively correlated with investors’ ability to raise private finance. The paper suggests that, rather than the type of instrument (price vs. quota), it is the specific design of such schemes that is key to providing a predictable signal and an effective incentive to attract private investors. It is also found that public finance supports precisely those projects that have had difficulty raising private finance (co-financed projects), where neither quota-based measures nor price-based support schemes have a significant effect on private finance flows. This raises the concern that in the absence of well-designed policies which incentivise private finance investment, governments wishing to secure project completion have no other choice than to support projects directly through the use of public finance.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 233
    Keywords: Alterskrankheit ; Medizin ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: More than 35 million people worldwide had dementia in 2010, when annual costs were estimated at USD 604 billion; the number of people with dementia is expected to exceed 115 million by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is today considered the prototype problem for the Grand Global Challenge in healthcare. Despite decades of intensive research, the causal chain of mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s has remained elusive as reflected in recent failures of well-designed clinical trials on promising investigational new drugs. The multi-factorial nature of the disease requires the collection, storage and processing of increasingly large and very heterogeneous datasets (behavioural, genetic, environmental, epigenetic, clinical data, brain imaging, etc.). No one nation has all the assets to pursue this type of research independently. In an effort to tackle this huge challenge, the OECD held a consultation on "Unlocking Global Collaboration to Accelerate Innovation for Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia" which looked at ways to harness developments in life sciences and information technologies to accelerate innovation in the prevention and treatment of the disease. This paper reports on the opportunities offered by the informatics revolution and big data. Creating and using big data to change the future of Alzheimer’s and dementia requires careful planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Numerous technical, administrative, regulatory, infrastructure and financial obstacles emerge and will need to be hurdled to make this vision a reality.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Indicateur du vivre mieux (Édition 2014)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There is more to life than the cold numbers of GDP and economic statistics. This dataset contains 2014 data of the Better Life Index which allows you to compare well-being across countries, based on 11 topics the OECD has identified as essential, in the areas of material living conditions and quality of life.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les prestations et questions sociales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Better Life Index (Edition 2014)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Votre vie ne se résume pas aux froids chiffres du PIB et autres statistiques économiques. Cette base de données contient des données 2014 de l'indicateur du vivre mieux qui compare les pays en fonction de l’importance que vous accordez aux différents critères du bien-être.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 474; Le test de micronoyaux sur les érythrocytes de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The mammalian in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts, by analysis of erythrocytes as sampled in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells of animals, usually rodents (mice or rats). The purpose of the micronucleus test is to identify substances (liquid or solid) that cause cytogenetic damage which results in the formation of micronuclei containing lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals is an indication of induced chromosome damage. Animals are exposed to the test substance by an appropriate route (usually by gavage using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula, or by intraperitoneal injection). Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. Each treated and control group must include at least 5 analysable animals per sex. Administration of the treatments consists of a single dose of test substance or two daily doses (or more). The limit dose is 2000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment up to 14 days, and 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day for treatment longer than 14 days.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224186
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 489; In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’essai in vivo d’électrophorèse sur gel en conditions alcalines de cellules isolées, aussi appelé test des comètes est une méthode mesurant les cassures de brins d’ADN dans les cellules eucaryotes. Chaque groupe traité est composé au minimum de 5 animaux d’un même sexe (ou de chaque sexe si besoin est). On utilise également un groupe témoin positif et un groupe témoin négatif. Les animaux reçoivent un traitement quotidien sur une durée de 2 jours ou plus, permettant au produit chimique d’essai d’atteindre le tissu cible, celui-ci peut être le foie, le rein, ou tous autres tissus si cela est justifié. Les tissus à étudier sont disséqués et des suspensions de cellules/noyaux isolés sont préparées, puis incluses dans un gel d’Agarose pour être fixé sur des lames. Les cellules/noyaux sont traitées avec un tampon de lyse pour éliminer la membrane cellulaire et/ou nucléaire. L’ADN nucléaire dans l’agar est ensuite soumis à une électrophorèse à pH élevé produisant des structures ressemblant à des comètes qui, si l’on utilise les colorants fluorescents appropriés, peuvent être observées par microscopie à fluorescence. En fonction de leur taille les fragments d’ADN migrent de la tête vers la queue de la comète, et l’intensité de la queue de la comète relative à l’intensité totale (tête plus queue) reflète l’ampleur des cassures de l’ADN.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social cohesion policy review of Viet Nam
    Keywords: Soziale Lage ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Vietnam ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This report examines the effects of recent economic growth in Viet Nam on social cohesion. It finds that recent rapid economic growth in Viet Nam has not resulted in an increase in overall inequality, but the level of inequality was already high. Growth was not particularly inclusive, benefiting most the middle class and the richest households, and favouring less households in the bottom 20th percentile. Income mobility was also high, and while a majority of households experienced upward income mobility, downward absolute income mobility affected one in five households. Economic growth was not particularly job rich with employment growth lagging behind economic expansion. In particular, important challenges were identified in the area of education and skills policies relating to fast-changing labour market needs. Minimum wage policies had a small but positive effect on employment, but concerns were highlighted over partial coverage and weak compliance. Tax policy and specifically personal income tax had only a small impact on reducing inequality, but transfers from central to local governments produced an equalising effect, albeit with mixed results in terms of satisfaction with public services. Finally, social protection systems have been extended, but important coverage gaps remain among the poor and ethnic minority groups, and informality remains a key challenge for universal extension.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224162
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 239; Water-Sediment Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette ligne directrice vise à évaluer la toxicité des produits chimiques sur le développement des plantes aquatiques à racines (Myriophyllum spicatum) cultivées dans un système eau-sédiment. L’apex d’individus sains et sans fleur sont mis en pot dans un sédiment synthétique normalisé complété par des nutriments et soumis à au moins 5 concentrations différentes du produit chimique d’essai pendant une période de 14 jours. On utilise au minimum 6 réplicats pour les témoins et 4 réplicats pour chaque concentration d’essai. Les variables quantitatives mesurées sont la longueur de la tige et l’évolution du poids frais et sec, et les variables mesurées qualitatives sont la présence ou non de chlorose, et la nécrose ou les anomalies de croissance. On détermine le taux de croissance spécifique (r) et le rendement (y), qui sont ensuite utilisés pour obtenir la CxEr et la CxEy (x pouvant être par exemple 10, 20, 50). De plus, la concentration minimale avec effet observé (CMEO) et la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) peuvent être déterminées par calcul statistique.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 310 ; Biodégradabilité facile - dégagement de CO2 dans des flacons hermétiquement clos (essai de l'espace libre au-dessus du liquide)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is a screening method for the evaluation of ready biodegradability of chemicals. The test substance, normally at 20 mg C/L, as the sole source of carbon and energy, is incubated (during 28 days normally) in sealed bottles with aerobic condition containing a buffer-mineral salts medium, which has been inoculated with a mixed population of micro-organisms. In order to check the test procedure, a reference substance (aniline, sodium benzoate or ethylene glycol and 1-octanol) of known biodegradability should be tested in parallel. It is recommended that triplicate bottles be analysed after a sufficient number of time intervals. Also at least five test bottles (from test vessels, blank controls, and vessels with the reference substance) are analysed at the end of the test, to enable 95% confidence intervals to be calculated for the mean percentage biodegradation value. The CO2 evolution resulting from the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of the test substance is determined by measuring the Inorganic Carbon (IC) produced in the test bottles in excess of that produced in blank vessels containing inoculated medium only. The extent of biodegradation is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum IC production (ThIC), based on the quantity of test substance added initially. Biodegradation 〉60% ThIC within the 10-d window in this test demonstrates that the test substance is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224438
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 487 ; Essai in vitro de micronoyaux sur cellules de mammifères
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic test substances in cells that have undergone cell division during or after exposure to the test substance. This Test Guideline allows the use of protocols with and without the actin polymerisation inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. This Test Guideline also allows the use of protocols without cytokinesis block provided there is evidence that the cell population analysed has undergone mitosis.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264223202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de croissance verte pour l'agriculture ; Évaluation préliminaire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators for agriculture
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Landwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: An integral component of any green growth strategy is a highly-reliable set of measurement tools and indicators that would enable policy makers to evaluate how effective policies are, and to gauge the progress being achieved in shifting economic activity onto a greener path. These tools and indicators, which will need to be based on internationally comparable data, must also be embedded in a conceptual framework and selected according to a clearly-specified set of criteria. This report is a first step towards developing a framework to monitor progress on green growth in the agricultural sector in OECD countries. The goal is to identify relevant, succinct and measurable statistics to implement the OECD Green Growth Strategy Measurement Framework which provides a common basis for further developing green growth indicators in the agricultural sector in OECD countries.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hewlett, Emily Making mental health count
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Psychische Störung ; Untersuchung ; Soziale Kosten
    Abstract: Despite the enormous burden that mental ill-health imposes on individuals, their families, society, health systems and the economy, mental health care remains a neglected area of health policy in too many countries. Mental disorders represent a considerable disease burden, and have a significant impact on the lives of the OECD population, and account for considerable direct and indirect costs. This report argues that even in those OECD countries with a long history of deinstitutionalisation, there is still a long way to go to make community-based mental health care that achieves good outcomes for people with severe mental illness a reality. The disproportionate focus on severe mental illness has meant that mild-to-moderate mental illnesses, which makes up the largest burden of disease, have remained overwhelmingly neglected. This book addresses the high cost of mental illness, weaknesses and innovative developments in the organisation of care, changes and future directions for the mental health workforce, the need to develop better indicators for mental health care and quality, and tools for better governance of the mental health system. The high burden of mental ill health and the accompanying costs in terms of reduced quality of life, loss of productivity, and premature mortality, mean that making mental health count for all OECD countries is a priority.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth indicators 2014
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Bericht ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: The OECD Green Growth Strategy supports countries in fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the determinants of green growth and need to be supported with appropriate indicators to monitor progress and gauge results. This book updates the 2011 Towards Green Growth: Monitoring progress. It presents the OECD framework for monitoring progress towards green growth and a selection of updated indicators that illustrate the progress that OECD countries have made since the 1990s.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264200364
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Procurement Review of the Mexican Institute of Social Security; Enhancing Efficiency and Integrity for Better Health Care
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A partir de los Principios de la OCDE para fortalecer la integridad en la contratación pública (2008) y las buenas prácticas de organizaciones similares en otros países de la OCDE, el estudio aporta una evaluación integral de las estrategias, los sistemas y los processos de adquisición del IMSS, y se propone una hoja de ruta para la reforma de su función de adquisiciones.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264222823
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Ce rapport établit un état des lieux de la mise en œuvre des mesures pour l'emploi des seniors suite au rapport de 2003 "Vieillissement et politiques de l’emploi : Suisse" et identifie les champs prioritaires d’actions à mener ou à poursuivre. La Suisse se situe dans le peloton de tête des pays de l’OCDE pour ce qui concerne le taux d’emploi des personnes âgées. Pourtant, elle est parmi les champions uniquement pour les hommes de moins de 60 ans et pour les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur tandis qu’il suffit d’avoir 60-64 ans, d’être une femme ou de ne pas avoir de diplôme de l’enseignement supérieur pour ne plus être parmi les meilleurs. Davantage pourrait donc être fait pour donner à tous les travailleurs de meilleurs choix et incitations pour continuer à travailler. Une stratégie d’ensemble est nécessaire pour qu’une meilleure gestion des âges soit menée dans les entreprises, le rôle des autorités publiques étant d’encourager les partenaires sociaux à investir plus dans les travailleurs âgés. Trois axes doivent être privilégiés : i) renforcer les incitations pour travailler plus longtemps ; ii) lever les obstacles au recrutement et au maintien dans l’emploi destravailleurs âgés ; et iii) améliorer l’employabilité des travailleurs.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in Norway. It finds that Norway has an impressive and comprehensive health system, which is the result of sustained commitment to providing health care for the whole Norwegian population, investment in the health system, and readiness to make changes to drive improvements. On most indicators Norway’s health system appears to be performing well, although there is some room for improvement. There have been a number of significant health care reforms in Norway over the last decade, most recently the Coordination Reform, which took effect in January 2012. Broadly this is a positive story, but challenges do lie ahead for Norway. Norway is putting in place measures to respond to these challenges, notably with the 2012 Coordination Reform, but still has some way to go before the fruits of such labour are truly felt across the health system. Norway’s ambitious reform agenda must now be balanced by structured efforts ‘on the ground’. Attention should now turn to putting in place appropriate data infrastructures, promoting meaningful engagement between key stakeholders, and by balancing a generous health budget that allows for important investments in developing new structures and services with attention to getting the most out of existing services.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216570
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (153 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 4); Labour Market Integration in Italy
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: Fino alla metà degli anni Novanta, la percentuale degli immigrati in Italia era relativamente bassa nel confronto internazionale. L’immigrazione verso l’Italia è cresciuta rapidamente durante gli ultimi quindici anni. Tale crescita è riconducibile a una persistente domanda di lavoratori stranieri per posti di lavoro poco qualificati e poco remunerati, alla vicinanza delle zone di conflitto e all’allargamento dell’Unione europea alla Romania e la Bulgaria, avvenuto nel 2007. Questo rapporto presenta una visione d’insieme delle competenze e delle qualifiche degli immigrati in Italia, dei loro principali risultati nel mercato del lavoro paragonati a quelli degli altri Paesi a livello internazionale e della loro evoluzione nel tempo, tenendo conto della forte segmentazione del mercato del lavoro italiano e dell’alta percentuale di posti di lavoro informali. Il rapporto analizza la struttura di riferimento e i principali strumenti d’intervento per l’integrazione. Dedica una particolare attenzione al finanziamento e alla distribuzione delle competenze tra responsabili a livello nazionale e subnazionale. Infine, esamina l’integrazione scolastica e la transizione scuola-lavoro dei figli degli immigrati
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197138
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Effective Carbon Prices
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation
    Abstract: Les manuels d’économie prédisent que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis d’émission sont les solutions les moins onéreuses pour permettre à la société de réduire ses émissions de CO2. Ce livre démontre que cette hypothèse se vérifie également en pratique. Il fournit des estimations sur les coûts pour la société de réduire les émissions de CO2 dans 15 pays, en utilisant une large panoplie d’instruments dans 5 secteurs générant le plus d’émissions : le secteur de production d’électricité, du transport routier, des pâtes & papier et du ciment, ainsi que de la consommation d’énergie des ménages. Il trouve de grandes variations dans le coût de réduction de chaque tonne de CO2 au sein de et entre les pays, ainsi qu’au sein des secteurs examinés et à travers différents types d’instruments politiques. Des approches axées sur le marché, tels que les taxes et les systèmes d’échange de permis ont systématiquement permis la réduction de CO2 à un moindre coût par rapport à d’autres instruments. Les subventions d’équipement et les tarifs d’achat figuraient, quant à eux, parmi les mesures les plus onéreuses de réduction d’émissions.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264210448 , 9789264218338
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coût de la pollution de l'air ; Impacts sanitaires du transport routier
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The cost of air pollution
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Krankheit ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Transport ; OECD ; Luftverschmutzung ; Straßenverkehr ; Kosten
    Abstract: Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264200647
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water and Climate Change Adaptation; Policies to Navigate Uncharted Waters
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’eau est le principal vecteur par lequel les effets du changement climatique se feront sentir, et la clé de la réussite des stratégies d’adaptation. Ce rapport propose des orientations aux responsables de l’action gouvernementale pour les aider à élaborer des mesures davantage en phase avec les priorités, répondant mieux aux besoins du moment, plus efficientes et plus équitables. Il décrit une approche de l’adaptation au changement climatique fondée sur les risques et promouvant la sécurité de l’eau. Il détaille également les principales tendances et présente les pratiques optimales mises en lumière par l’enquête sur les politiques relatives à l’eau et à l’adaptation au changement climatique, que l’OCDE a menée auprès de ses 34 pays membres et de la Commission européenne. Cette enquête est la première de ce type à analyser de façon systématique les enjeux du changement climatique pour les ressources en eau douce et les nouvelles réponses qu’y apportent les pouvoirs publics dans les pays de l’OCDE. Pour finir, le rapport évalue comment améliorer les incitations à gérer les risques liés à l’eau et comment rendre plus flexibles les politiques de l’eau et les stratégies de financement.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance des services de l'eau en Jordanie ; Surmonter les défis de la participation du secteur privé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in Jordan
    DDC: 363.61095695
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Governance-Ansatz ; Wasserversorgung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Jordanien ; Environment ; Governance ; Jordan ; Jordanien ; Wasserwirtschaft
    Abstract: This report assesses the main governance and financing challenges to private sector participation (PSP) in the water supply and sanitation sector of Jordan, and provides ways forward to address them, based on international experience and OECD compendium of principles and good practices. Using the diagnostic analysis of the governance challenges to PSP in the Jordan water sector (Chapter 1), the report identifies ways forward to overcome bottlenecks focusing on three key pillars (Chapter 2): i) managing public-private partnership in a fiscally constrained environment through appropriate budget processes; ii) reducing the regulatory risks through supporting the development of a high-quality framework; and iii)managing and enhancing stakeholder engagement to improve accountability and buy-in. The report also includes an action plan with concrete measures to implement the recommendations proposed in the report. The report has been developed as part of a water policy dialogue conducted by the OECD jointly with the Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) in the context of the project labelled by the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) “Governance and Financing for the Mediterranean Water Sector”, with the support of the FEMIP Trust Fund of the European Investment Bank.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi ; France 2014 ; Mieux travailler avec l'âge
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Frankreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: People today are living longer than ever before, while birth rates are dropping in the majority of OECD countries. In such demographics, public social expenditures require to be adequate and sustainable in the long term. Older workers play a crucial role in the labour market. Now that legal retirement ages are rising, older workers will work longer and employers will have to retain them. But those older workers who have lost their job have experienced long term-unemployment and low probabilities to return to work. What can countries do to help? How can they give older people better work incentives and opportunities? How can they promote age diversity in firms? This report offers analysis and assessment on what the best policies are for fostering employability, job mobility and labour demand at an older age in France.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Islande 2014
    DDC: 363.7
    Keywords: Environment ; Iceland
    Abstract: This report is the third OECD review of Iceland’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on the environmental aspects of Iceland's energy and tourism policies.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209503
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Climate resilience in development planning
    DDC: 363.7387
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Klimawandel ; Kolumbien ; Äthiopien ; Environment ; Colombia ; Ethiopia ; Äthiopien ; Kolumbien ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungsökonomie
    Abstract: Climate-related disasters have inflicted increasingly high losses on developing countries, and with climate change, these losses are likely to worsen. Improving country resilience against climate risks is therefore vital for achieving poverty reduction and economic development goals. This report discusses the current state of knowledge on how to build climate resilience in developing countries. It argues that climate-resilient development requires moving beyond the climate-proofing of existing development pathways, to consider economic development objectives and resilience priorities in parallel. Achieving this will require political vision and a clear understanding of the relation between climate and development, as well as an adapted institutional set-up, financing arrangements, and progress monitoring and evaluation. The report also discusses two priorities for climate-resilient development: disaster risk management and the involvement of the private sector. The report builds on a growing volume of country experiences on building climate resilience into national development planning. Two country case studies, Ethiopia and Colombia, are discussed in detail.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: Given the ageing challenges, there is an increasing pressure in OECD countries to further boost the employability of the working-age population over the coming decades. This report provides an overview of policy iniatives implemented over the past decade in the Netherlands and identifies areas where more should be done, covering both supply-side and demand-side aspects. To give better incentives to carry on working, the report recommends to promote longer contribution periods in the second-pillar pension schemes, and ensure better information and transparency of pension schemes, with a special focus on groups with low financial literacy. On the side of employers, it is important to progress towards more age-neutral hiring decisions and wage-setting procedures with more focus on performance and less on tenure and seniority. To improve the employability of older workers, the focus should be to promote training measures for older unemployed which are directly linked to a specific job. The large diversity in municipal "Work-First"programmes should be utilised in designing mor effective activation policies targetted on those at risk of losing contact with the labour market.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264209114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Boosting resilience through innovative risk governance
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This report examines what countries have achieved in terms of strengthening resilience through better risk management and identifies persisting challenges. It focuses on the importance of creating an institutional environment that engages all stakeholders and allows them to build resilience against future shocks. This report has contributed to the development of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202900
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; South Africa 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; South Africa
    Abstract: Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental de l’Afrique du Sud. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par l’Afrique du Sud en termes de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la biodiversité et l’économie des services écosystémiques, ainsi que sur la gouvernance environnementale multiniveaux.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213586
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The 2012 labour market reform in Spain
    Keywords: 2012 ; Arbeitsmarktreform ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: This report provides an initial evaluation of the comprehensive reform of the Spanish labour market undertaken in 2012. It describes the key components of the 2012 reform and places them in the context of the evolution of labour market institutions in other OECD member countries, with a particular focus on collective bargaining and employment protection legislation. The report also assesses the impact of the reform on the ability of firms to adjust wages and working time to cope with demand shocks, as well as the flows in the labour market for different types of contracts and the overall duality of the Spanish labour market. It also considers what complementary reforms would be required to improve the effectiveness of the labour market reform, in particular in the area of active labour market policies.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un Panorama de las Pensiones en America Latina y el Caribe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Um Panorama dos Sistemas Previdenciários na América Latina e no Caribe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pensions at a glance
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bericht ; Lateinamerika ; Karibik ; Pensionskasse ; Altersversorgung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This comprehensive examination of pension systems in Latin America and the Caribbean looks at recent trends in retirement and working at older ages, evolving life expectancy, design of pension systems, and pension entitlements before providing a series of country profiles. The special chapter analyses the coverage and adequacy of Latin American pension systems.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Abstract: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on the United Kingdom is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: Norway is characterised by very high levels of migration from within the European Economic Area (EEA) and growing but small scale labour migration from countries outside the EEA. In this context, the challenge for managing discretionary labour migration is to ensure it complements EEA flows. High-skilled workers who come to Norway often leave, even if their employer would like to keep them. Norway has many international students, but most appear to leave at graduation or in the years that follow. The spouses of skilled migrants – usually educated and talented themselves – face challenges in finding employment, and this may cause the whole family to leave. Key industries in smaller population centres wonder how they will source talent in the future. This review examines these aspects of the Norwegian labour migration system. It considers the efficiency of procedures and whether the system is capable of meeting demand. It looks at several policy measures that were implemented and withdrawn, and assesses how these and other mechanisms could be better applied. The characteristics and behaviour of past labour migrants is examined to suggest means of encouraging promising immigrants to remain, and how Norway might attract the specific labour migrants from which it can most benefit in the future.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264205192
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Santé mentale et emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Psychische Gesundheit und Beschäftigung; Schweiz
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la gestion des problèmes de santé mentale dans la population d’âge actif devient un enjeu essentiel pour les politiques sociales et du marché du travail. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont de plus en plus nombreux à reconnaître que les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle important à jouer pour maintenir au travail les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux ou pour faciliter la réintégration de celles qui sont sorties du marché de l’emploi, ainsi que pour prévenir l’apparition de ce type de troubles. Ce rapport relatif à la Suisse est le cinquième d’une série de travaux analysant l’approche adoptée par différents pays de l’OCDE face aux défis plus larges, décrits dans la publication Mal-être au travail ? Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l’emploi (OCDE, 2012), auxquels sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics en matière d’éducation, de santé, de politique sociale et d’emploi.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les migrations économiques pour mieux répondre aux besoins du marché du travail
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Matching economic migration with labour market needs
    Keywords: Regionale Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Matching ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Forschungsbericht ; OECD ; Europäische Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD. It provides new evidence on the role that international migration has played in Europe and in selected other OECD countries over the past decade in terms of labour force; educational attainment; and occupational changes. It analyses the availability and use of migrants’ skills based on an in-depth literature review as well as new data analyses for Europe and the United States, Canada and the OECD as a whole, taking advantage of the International Survey of Adult Skills – PIAAC. Finally, several chapters discuss the potential role of international migration in meeting current and future labour market needs in Europe, in the United States and in the European Union. This work shows that although migration can make an important contribution to labour force growth, its role in counterbalancing the effects of population ageing will depend on the capacity of countries to match labour needs to migrants’ characteristics.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264214651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des comportements plus environnementaux ; Vue d'ensemble de l'enquête 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    Keywords: OECD ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Lebensstil ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; OECD ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Lebensstil ; Umweltbewusstsein
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of the factors that affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households, this publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011, in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The survey provides a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and household characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This edition completely replaces the previously posted 2013 edition.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202948 , 9789264219946
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Austria 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria
    Abstract: Le programme d’examens environnementaux de l'OCDE propose des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays eu égard à leurs engagements nationaux et internationaux en matière d’environnement, ainsi que des recommandations orientées vers l’action des pouvoirs publics. Ces examens ont pour objectif de promouvoir l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’encourager les pays à rendre compte de leur action aux autres pays et à leur opinion publique, ainsi que d’améliorer les performances environnementales des gouvernements, individuellement et collectivement. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux couvre la totalité des pays membres de l'OCDE ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental de l’Autriche. Il évalue les progrès vers le développement durable et la croissance verte et met l'accent sur la gestion des produits chimiques ainsi que sur l’adaptation au changement climatique.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264213715
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;s granskning av Sveriges miljöpolitik; Sverige 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report is the third OECD review of Sweden’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on Sweden's longstanding commitment to mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases and its management of marine ecosystem services and water.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9789264216068
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How's Life? 2013; Measuring Well-being
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: How's Life? 2013: Measuring Well-being
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: 모든 사람은 좋은 삶을 살기를 원하다. 그러나 “좋거나 더 나은 삶”은 무엇을 의미하는가? How’s Life? 제 2판은 사람들의 삶과 웰빙을 결정하는 중요한 측면 -소득, 직업, 주거, 건강, 일과 삶의 균형, 교육, 사회적 관계, 시민참여와 거버넌스, 환경, 개인적 안전, 주관적 웰빙- 들에 대한 업데이트를 제공한다 . 이 책은 사람들의 물질적 삶의 조건과 인구 전체의 삶의 질을 살펴봄으로써 OECD 국가들과 기타 주요 국가들의 웰빙에 대한 포괄적인 상황을 보여준다. 폭넓은 범위의 비교 가능한 웰빙 지표들을 통하여 이 보고서는 다양한 웰빙 영역에서 국가들이 다른 수행도를 보여줌을 나타낸다. 예를 들면 OECD 지역 내 저소득 국가들은 주관적 웰빙과 일과 삶의 균형에서 매우 좋은 성과를 보이는 경향이 있다. 이 보고서는 웰빙에 대한 더 나은 정보에 대한 시민들의 욕구에 부응하고 사회적 진보에 대한 좀 더 정확한 상황을 얻기를 위하는 정책 입안가들의 필요에 부응한다. 또한 본 보고서는 특히 중요한 웰빙 영역에서 분야를 초월한 4가지 핵심 이슈에 대한 심층 연구결과를 제시한다. 첫째, 본 보고서는 어떻게 웰빙이 글로벌 금융위기 동안에 변화했는지를 분석한다. 글로벌 금융위기의 어떤 영향은 장기적으로만 나타나지만 본 보고서는 위기가 사람들의 웰빙의 경제적인 그리고 비 경제적인 측면에서 커다란 영향을 끼침을 발견한다. 둘째, 본 보고서는 웰빙에서의 양성격차를 관찰하는데 남성에게 유리한 전통적 성별격차가 줄었지만 여전히 사라지지 않았음을 보인다. 또한 여성과 남성이 웰빙 성과가 좋은 영역은 서로 다르며 과제와 역할을 더 많이 공유하게 되었음을 발견한다. 셋째, 본 보고서는 고용의 질과 직장 내에서의 웰빙을 관찰한다. 본 보고서는 직장에서 사람들의 헌신을 이끌어내고 어려운 일을 처리할 능력을 강화하는 주요 요소들에 대한 증거를 제시한다. 마지막으로 본 보고서의 마지막 장은 현재 웰빙과 미래 웰빙 사이의 관계를 연구한다. 즉, 시간의 경과에 따른 웰빙에 대한 정의를 내리고 측정을 하는 방법을 고찰한다. How’s Life?는 2011년에 OECD 창설 50주년을 기념하여 착수된 OECD 더 나은 삶 이니셔티브의 일환이다. OECD 더 나은 삶 이니셔티브는 OECD 의 가장 중요한 임무와 맥을 함께 하는 “더 나은 삶을 위한 더 나은 정책(Better Policies for Better Lives)”을 권장하는 것이 목적이다. OECD 더 나은 삶 이니셔티브의 또 다른 주요 내용은 시민들을 사회적 진보에 관한 토론에 참여시키는 것을 목적으로 하는 쌍방향 웰빙 종합 지표인 더 나은 삶 지표 ( www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org ), 이다.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264216594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geographic variations in health care
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Verteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Primäre Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Verteilung
    Abstract: Variations in health care use within a country are complicated. In some cases they may reflect differences in health needs, in patient preferences or in the diffusion of a therapeutic innovation; in others they may not. There is evidence that some of the observed variations are unwarranted, signalling under- or over-provision of health services, or both. This study documents geographic variations for high-cost and high-volume procedures in select OECD countries. It finds that there are wide variations not only across countries, but within them as well. A mix of patient preferences and physician practice styles likely play an important part in this, but what part of the observed variations reflects over-provision, or whether there are unmet needs, remain largely unexplained. This report helps policy makers better understand the issues and challenges around geographic variations in health care provision and considers the policy options.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.26
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The scope of this Emissions Scenario Document includes the blending of fine and functional fragrance oils into consumer and commercial products. The manufacture of aroma chemicals and the formulation of fragrance oil are outside the scope of this scenario. However, these industrial operations are discussed in this section as an introduction to the fragrance industry as a whole. The following life-cycle diagram demonstrates the applicability of this scenario.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9789264215221
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (215 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health at a Glance 2013; OECD Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la santé 2013 ; Les indicateurs de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Health at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Panorama de la santé 2013: Les indicateurs de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 이 ‘한 눈에 보는 보건의료’ 신판은 OECD 회원국의 보건의료제도 성과와 관련된 가장 최근의 비교가능 통계를 제공한다. 가능한 경우에는 브라질, 중국, 인도, 인도네시아, 러시아연방, 남아프리카 통계도 포함하고 있다. 2013년 판에는 건강 불평등, 아동건강 위험요인, 의약품 시장, 보건의료 질과 접근성 같은 새로운 지표가 들어 있다. 모든 지표마다 국가 간 차이와 시기별 추이를 보여주는 차트, 통계에서 발견한 주요 사항을 요약 정리한 분석결과, 지표 정의와 데이터 비교가능성을 제시하여 독자가 보고 이해하기 쉽도록 구성하였다.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.71
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Best Practices Guidance addresses compliance and enforcement issues as they relate to pesticides and associated health and environmental risks. The objective of this document is to provide guidance for promoting and monitoring compliance and for assessing and mitigating risks of non-compliance. It is targeted primarily at pesticide regulators, but may also interest policy makers as well as regulated parties (i.e. pesticide industry). This document addresses the following areas of the pesticide life-cycle: manufacturing and product integrity; distribution (including transportation and sale); product use; product storage; and container recycling and disposal.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.25
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report constitutes an emission scenario document (ESD) for chemicals used in the electronics industry. It provides information on the sources and release pathways of chemicals during various processing techniques relevant to this varied industry sector, to help estimate releases of chemicals into the environment. Therefore, it will assist in the development of exposure scenarios and risk characterisation and assessment, for example as required by the REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of chemicals.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.2
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) presents an approach to estimate the emissions of substances used in wood preservatives (EU Product Type 8) from two stages of their life cycle: 1) application (industrial applications / in situ applications by professionals and amateurs) and storage of treated wood prior to shipment, and 2) treated wood-in service.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.9
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in photoresist formulations.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.31
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in petroleum production at oil wells. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to oil production chemicals.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221802 , 9789264185807 , 9789264225466
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment at a Glance 2013; OECD Indicators
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce livre présente les indicateurs clés de l'environnement entérinés par les ministres de l'environnement des pays de l'OCDE. Ces indicateurs reflètent les progrès réalisés dans le domaine de l'environnement depuis 1990 et contribuent à mesurer la performance environnementale. Organisés par sujets tels que le changement climatique, la pollution de l'air, la biodiversité, les déchets ou l'eau, ces indicateurs ont tout pour plaire à ceux qui sont interéssés par l'environnement et par le dévelopement durable.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208384
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Colombia 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental; Colombia 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Ce rapport est le premier examen environnemental de la Colombie. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par la Colombie en termes de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la gestion des produits chimiques et l’adaptation au changement climatique.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195547
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Scaling-up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Ce rapport examine les six mécanismes de financement novateurs tels que définis par la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB). Il s’agit de la réforme fiscale environnementale, des paiements pour services écosystémiques, de la compensation des atteintes à la biodiversité, des marchés de produits verts, de la biodiversité dans le financement climatique, ainsi que de la biodiversité dans le financement international du développement. Cette publication, qui s’est inspirée de la littérature existante et de plus de 40 études de cas réalisées dans le monde entier, examine les questions suivantes : Quels sont ces mécanismes et comment fonctionnent-ils ? Quelles ressources financières ont-ils mobilisées et quelles sont les possibilités de les accroître ? Enfin, quelles sont les considérations clés de conception et de mise en oeuvre – y compris les mesures de sauvegarde environnementale et sociale – dont il faut tenir compte pour que les pouvoirs publics puissent garantir l’efficacité environnementale, l’efficience économique et l’équité redistributive de ces mécanismes ?
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264217027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette publication présente de nouvelles illustrations de l’influence des migrations internationales en Europe et dans quelques autres pays de l’OCDE sur la population active ; sur les niveaux d’éducation ; et sur l’évolution de la distribution des professions au cours de la dernière décennie. Elle analyse les compétences dont disposent les migrants et la façon dont elles sont utilisées sur la base d’une revue approfondie de la littérature ; et présente de nouvelles analyses des données européennes et américaines , canadiennes et de l’OCDE en général en se basant sur les données de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes – PIAAC. Enfin, plusieurs chapitres discutent du rôle que les migrations internationales pourraient jouer pour répondre aux besoins de main-d’oeuvre présents et futurs en Europe, aux États-Unis et dans l’Union européenne. Ces travaux montrent que si les migrations peuvent contribuer de façon importante à l’accroissement de la population active, leur capacité à contrer les effets du vieillissement de la population dépendront de la capacité des pays à mettre en adéquation les besoins en main-d’oeuvre avec les caractéristiques des migrants. Dans ce domaine, des efforts doivent être réalisés pour mieux utiliser les compétences des migrants et adapter les systèmes de gestion des migrations de travail aux besoins des employeurs.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264206847
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies; France 2014; Working Better with Age
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: L’espérance de vie n’a jamais été aussi élevée qu’aujourd’hui tandis que la fécondité est en diminution dans la majorité des pays de l’OCDE. Pour faire face à ces tendances démographiques, il faut adapter les dépenses publiques de protection sociale et assurer leur viabilité à long terme, en particulier en favorisant l’emploi des seniors. Avec le recul de l’âge légal de la retraite, les seniors vont travailler plus longtemps et les entreprises devront les garder en emploi. Mais parmi les seniors, ceux qui perdent leur emploi risquent de rester longtemps au chômage car leurs chances d’en retrouver un sont faibles. Comment les pays peuvent-ils réagir face à cette réalité ? Comment donner aux seniors de meilleurs choix et incitations au travail ? Comment promouvoir la diversité des âges dans les entreprises ? Cette série de rapports s’attache à analyser et évaluer quelles sont les meilleures politiques à mener pour favoriser l'employabilité, la mobilité professionnelle et la demande de travail à un âge plus élevé.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Personal behaviour and choices in daily life, from what we eat to how we get to work or heat our homes, have a significant – and growing – effect on the environment. But why are some households greener than others? And what factors motivate green household choices? Answering these questions is vital for helping governments design and target policies that promote “greener” behaviour. The OECD’s Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) survey is designed to do just that. This large-scale household survey explores what drives household environmental behaviour and how policies may affect household decisions. It focuses on five areas in which households have significant environmental impact: energy, food, transport, waste and water. This policy paper is based on the second round of the EPIC survey, carried out in 2011 (the first was in 2008). The survey collected information from more than 12 000 households in Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264085275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.54
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes the main statistical methods used for analysis of data from ecotoxicological studies .
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264221444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.168
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes the state of knowledge of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins, assesses the weight-of-evidence supporting the AOP, identifies the key events, and identifies databases containing test results related to those key events. AOPs can be incorporated into chemical categories-based assessments or integrated approaches for testing and assessment.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stockholm : Ministry of the Environment, Sweden
    ISBN: 9789264227613
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Sweden 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264221352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.178
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document describes some endocrine pathways that have been shown to be susceptible to environmental endocrine disruption and whose disruption could contribute to increasing incidents of some disorders in humans and wildlife populations, such as obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, reproductive dysfunction, and neuro-developmental abnormalities. Assays and endpoints are described that could be used in new or existing OECD Test Guidelines for evaluating chemicals for endocrine-disrupting activity. Endocrine pathways evaluated are the hypothalamus:pituitary:adrenocortical (HPA) axis, the hypothalamus:pituitary:gonad (HPG) axis, the somatotropic axis, the retinoid signaling pathway, the hypothalamus:pituitary:thyroid (HPT) axis, the vitamin D signaling pathway, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264221413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (524 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.150
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is a tool to support regulatory authorities’ decisions on the hazard of specific chemicals when they receive test results from a Test Guideline (TG) or draft TG for the screening/testing of chemicals for endocrine disrupting properties. The contexts for these decisions will vary, depending on local legislation and practice, so the advice is worded in such a way as to permit flexible interpretation. It provides guidance on how to interpret the outcome of individual tests and how to increase evidence on whether or not a substance may be an endocrine disrupter; to this end, it recommends a test method that may be performed if regulatory authorities need more evidence.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264085497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.97
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Increasing incidents of disorders such as obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, reproductive dysfunction, and neuro-developmental abnormalities in some human populations have raised concern that disruption of key endocrine-signaling pathways by exposure to environmental chemicals may be involved. This Detailed Review Paper describes some endocrine pathways that have been shown to be susceptible to environmental endocrine disruption and whose disruption could contribute to increasing incidents of some disorders in humans and wildlife populations.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berne : Federal Office for Social Security, Switzerland
    ISBN: 9789264208681
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Santé mentale et emploi ; Suisse
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Etwa jeder dritte unter den Bürgern, die in der Schweiz Arbeitslosenentschädigung, Leistungen aus der Invalidenversicherung oder Sozialhilfe beziehen, leidet an einer psychischen Störung. Zudem gibt es unter psychisch Kranken mehr als doppelt so viele Arbeitslose wie in der Gesamtbevölkerung. Der neue OECD-Bericht ist Teil einer Länderserie, die untersucht, wie verschiedene Staaten in ihrer Gesundheits-, Bildungs- oder Sozialpolitik auf seelische Krankheiten eingehen.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago de Chile : CIEDESS
    ISBN: 9789264208582
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Closing the Gender Gap; Act Now
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inégalités hommes-femmes ; Il est temps d'agir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gleichstellung der Geschlechter; Zeit zu handeln
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Closing the Gender Gap; Act Now (Korean version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Las brechas de género se encuentran presentes en todas las actividades de la vida económica e implican grandes pérdidas de productividad, en los niveles de vida de las personas y en la economía. Este informe nuevo de la OCDE se centra en cómo cerrar dichas brechas, de la mejor manera, bajo cuatro amplios temas: 1) igualdad de género, normas sociales y políticas públicas; 2) educación; 3) empleo; y 4) emprendimiento. Mensajes de políticas clave: -Una mayor igualdad de género en el logro escolar tiene un fuerte efecto positivo en el crecimiento económico; -Los estereotipos necesitan ser abordados, desde una edad temprana, en las posibles opciones educativas. Por ejemplo, al adaptar las estrategias y los materiales de enseñanza para incrementar el interés de los niños en la lectura y de las niñas en las matemáticas y la ciencia; motivar más a las niñas y orientarlas a los cursos de ciencia, ingeniería y matemáticas en la educación superior; y a buscar empleo en dichos campos; -El cuidado infantil de calidad y a precio asequible es un factor clave para una mayor igualdad en el empleo. Pero el cambio también debe suceder en el hogar dado que las tareas domésticas y el cuidado se reserva aún a las mujeres en muchos países. La política puede apoyar dicho cambio, por ejemplo, mediante autorizaciones para ausencia laboral que explícitamente incluya al padre. -Las políticas de apoyo para las mujeres empresarias necesitan dirigirse a todas las empresas y no solamente a las pequeñas y las nuevas. Se necesita asegurar el acceso al financiamiento para hombres y mujeres emprendedores en términos de igualdad. ÍNDICE Prólogo Prólogo a la edición en español Resumen Ejecutivo Parte I. La igualdad de género: el argumento económico, las normas sociales y las políticas públicas Capítulo 1. El argumento económico en favor de la igualdad de género Capítulo 2. Por qué importan las instituciones sociales en la igualdad de género Capítulo 3. Incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las políticas públicas Parte II. La igualdad de género en la educación Capítulo 4. Mantener a las niñas y los niños en la escuela Capítulo 5. La ayuda en favor de la igualdad de género en la educación Capítulo 6. ¿Quiénes destacan en qué en la escuela? Capítulo 7. Graduados de la educación secundaria: ¿qué sigue a continuación? Capítulo 8. La ciencia versus las humanidades Capítulo 9. Consiguiendo el trabajo para el que estudiaste Capítulo 10. Educación financiera para el empoderamiento financiero Parte III. La igualdad de género en el empleo Capítulo 11. ¿Quién trabaja en el empleo remunerado? Capítulo 12. ¿La maternidad significa trabajar a tiempo parcial? Capítulo 13. El valor de la mujer Capítulo 14. El argumento empresarial a favor de las mujeres y de contener las fugas Capítulo 15. Mujeres en los directorios corporativos Capítulo 16. Brechas de género en el sector público Capítulo 17. ¿Quién termina cuidando? Capítulo 18. Apoyando a los padres a equilibrar el trabajo y la vida familiar Capítulo 19. Los efectos de la crisis en el empleo masculino y femenino Capítulo 20. Los trabajadores ocultos: las mujeres en el empleo informal Capítulo 21. Las mujeres en la jubilación Parte IV. La igualdad de género en la actividad empresarial Capítulo 22 Tendencias de género en el emprendimiento femenino Capítulo 23 Motivaciones y habilidades de las mujeres empresarias Capítulo 24 ¿Existe una brecha de género en el desempeño de la empresa? Capítulo 25 ¿El espíritu de emprendedor es rentable para las mujeres? Capítulo 26 El acceso de las mujeres a crédito Capítulo 27 Financiación de empresas de mujeres en los países socios Capítulo 28 ¿Las mujeres innovan de manera distinta? Capítulo 29 La formalización de empresas femeninas
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207929
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Seine Basin, Île-de-France, 2014; Resilience to Major Floods
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: Cette étude s'intéresse à la prévention du risque d'inondation de la Seine en Ile-de-France. Elle étudie l'impact qu'une inondation majeure telle que celle produite en 1910 pourrait avoir sur le bien-être des citoyens, le fonctionnement de la métropole et l'économie. Elle propose des pistes d'amélioration relative à la gouvernance et la prévention de ce risque majeur.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9791195073054
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance 2013; OECD and G20 Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des pensions 2013 ; Les indicateurs de l'OCDE et du G20
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renten auf einen Blick 2013; OECD- und G20-Länder - Indikatoren
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago de Chile : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
    ISBN: 9789264213074
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Análisis de los resultados medioambientales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Colombia 2014
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Colombia 2014
    Keywords: Environment ; Colombia
    Abstract: El Programa de Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental de la OCDE proporciona valoraciones independientes de los avances de cada país en el cumplimiento de los compromisos de sus políticas ambientales nacionales e internacionales y realiza las recomendaciones pertinentes sobre esas políticas. Las evaluaciones se llevan a cabo para promover el aprendizaje mutuo, para fortalecer la rendición de cuentas de los gobiernos ante otros gobiernos y ante los ciudadanos y para mejorar el desempeño ambiental de los países, tanto de forma individual como colectiva. Las evaluaciones se apoyan en una amplia gama de datos económicos y ambientales. Cada ciclo de las Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental abarca a todos los Estados miembros de la OCDE y a países socios seleccionados. Las evaluaciones más recientes son, entre otras, las de Sudáfrica (2013), Austria (2013), Italia (2013) y México (2013).Este informe corresponde a la primera evaluación del desempeño ambiental de Colombia. Analiza los avances logrados en el ámbito del desarrollo sostenible y el crecimiento verde, con especial atención a la gestión de residuos y productos químicos y a las políticas que promueven una protección más eficaz y eficiente de la biodiversidad, así como su aprovechamiento sostenible.ÍndiceParte I. El progreso hacia el desarrollo sostenibleCapítulo 1. Principales tendencias ambientalesCapítulo 2. Entorno de formulación de políticasCapítulo 3. Hacia un crecimiento verdeCapítulo 4. Cooperación internacionalParte II. Avances hacia el logro de metas ambientales seleccionadasCapítulo 5. ResiduosCapítulo 6. Gestión de productos químicosCapítulo 7. Biodiversidad Se puede encontrar más información en línea sobre el programa de Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental en www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews
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  • 66
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    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9789264217225
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pensions at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Pensions at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2013
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 67
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.3
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.56
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document incorporates two parts, an MRL Calculator User Guide and an MRL Calculator White Paper which discusses the methodology used in the User Guide.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (99 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.80
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document is part of the OECD effort to provide guidance for assessing the hazards of chemical substances while gaining efficiencies and improving animal welfare. The approach described in this guidance document is to consider closely related chemicals as a group, or category, rather than as individual chemicals. In the category approach, not every chemical needs to be tested for every endpoint. Rather, the overall data for that category must prove adequate to support a hazard assessment. The overall data set must allow the estimation of the hazard for the untested endpoints.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.5
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in photographic industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.4
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the treatment of water in a number of areas to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.12
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the finishing of metals, to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220980
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.28
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document provides information on the sources, use patterns and potential release pathways of chemicals used in metalworking fluids. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposure to chemicals ussed in metalworking fluids.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.6
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in rubber industry to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.22
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in the coatings industry (paints, lacquers and varnishes), to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264221123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.18
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information to be used for risk assessment for active substances and products used as biocidal (i.e. non agricultural) insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods (in the EU, product type 18 [PT18] c).
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224148
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 238; Sediment-Free Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Test No. 238: Sediment-Free Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne Directrice vise à évaluer la toxicité des produits chimiques sur le développement des plantes aquatiques submergées Myriophyllum spicatum cultivées dans un milieu sans sédiment. Dans le milieu d’Andrew modifié les cultures de Myriophyllum spicatum sont exposées à au moins 5 concentrations différentes du produit chimique d’essai pendant 14 jours. On utilise minimum de 10 réplicats pour les témoins et 5 réplicats pour chaque solution d’essai. Les variables mesurées sont : la croissance de la longueur de la tige, des branches latérales et des racines, l’évolution du poids frais et sec, et l’augmentation du nombre de verticilles. On détermine le taux de croissance spécifique (r) et le rendement (y), qui sont ensuite utilisés pour obtenir la CxEr et la CxEy (x pouvant être par exemple 10, 20, 50). De plus, la concentration minimale avec effet observé (CMEO) et la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) peuvent être déterminé par calcul statistique.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.63
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document provides guidance to national regulatory authorities in providing greater incentives to encourage applicants (manufacturers/registrants) to register agricultural pesticides (including both synthetically and naturally derived products) for minor uses.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, production processes, pathways and use patterns of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals to the environment.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.27
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during application of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primarily on ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable products and presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to components and additives used in radiation curable products.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431 ; Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Essai n 431: Corrosion Cutanée In Vitro ; Essai sur Modèle de Peau Humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin corrosion, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin corrosion is defined as the production of irreversible tissue damage, manifested as visible necrosis of the skin, according to the definition of the Globally Harmonised System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of non-corrosive and corrosive substances and mixtures, based on three-dimensional human skin model which reliably reproduces histological, morphological, biochemical, and physiological properties of the upper layers of human skin, including a functional stratum corneum. The procedure on reconstituted human epidermis is based on the principle that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (or exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. Cell viability is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. Corrosive substances are evidenced by their capacity to reduce cell viability below the defined threshold. Several validated methods are referenced in the Test Guideline and follow the procedure described above. Some of the methods referenced allow sub-categorisation among corrosive chemicals. This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards (PS) for the assessment of similar and modified TER-based test methods.
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  • 82
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221109
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.21
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primarily on ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable products and presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to components and additives used in radiation curable products.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264226050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Österreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Österreich ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Migration
    Abstract: Austria has low levels of labour migration from non-EU/EFTA countries. At the same time, intra-EU free mobility has grown significantly and since 2011, overall migration for employment is above the OECD average. It recently reformed its labour migration system, making it more ready to accept labour migrants where they are needed, especially in medium-skilled occupations in which there were limited admission possibilities previously. This publication analyses the reform and the Austrian labour migration management system in international comparison.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789210562850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ecosystem accounting is a relatively new and emerging field dealing with integrating complex biophysical data, tracking changes in ecosystems and linking those changes to economic and other human activity. Considering the increasing demand for statistics on ecosystems within analytical and policy frameworks on environmental sustainability, human well-being and economic growth and development, there has been an increasing urgency to advance this emerging field of statistics. Although considerable experience exists in related areas of statistics such as land cover and land use statistics, the integration of these and other information into an ecosystem accounting framework is new. Also, there is considerable existing expertise in the ecosystem sciences and economics fields that is relevant, and again it is the focussing of these different areas of expertise on the proposed ecosystem accounting approach that is new. SEEA-Experimental Ecosystem Accounting provides a synthesis of the current knowledge in this area and provides a starting point for the development of ecosystem accounting at national and sub-national levels. It represents an important step forward on ecosystem accounting, providing a common set of terms, concepts, accounting principles and classifications; an integrated accounting structure of ecosystem services and ecosystem condition in both physical and monetary terms; and the recognition of spatial areas as forming the basic focus for measurement.
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181243
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Ce livre fournit l’ensemble des indicateurs agro-environnementaux les plus récents et les plus complets concernant les 34 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 1990-2010. Il s’appuie sur les travaux conduits pendant vingt ans par l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Ces indicateurs ont pour objet de décrire l’état actuel de l’environnement dans l’agriculture et sa tendance ; de mettre en évidence les lieux où des situations critiques sont en train d’apparaître ; de comparer l’évolution des performances entre périodes et entre pays ; et de fournir un ensemble d’indicateurs et une base de données pour suivre et évaluer l’action publique, projeter les tendances futures et concevoir des indicateurs de croissance verte.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264213807
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur l'eau
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Water Governance in Tunisia; Overcoming the Challenges to Private Sector Participation
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les principaux défis de gouvernance à la participation du secteur privé (PSP) au secteur des services de l’eau et de l’assainissement en Tunisie et suggère des recommandations de politiques publiques pour les surmonter, basées sur le corpus analytique et de bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE. Sur la base du diagnostic sur les défis de gouvernance (Chapitre 1), ce rapport identifie trois axes de réflexion et de recommandations principales (Chapitre 2) pour les autorités tunisiennes : i) comprendre la variété des modalités de PSP, leurs objectifs et conditions de succès ; ii) assurer la viabilité financière et la soutenabilité budgétaire de la PSP dans le secteur de l’eau en Tunisie ; et iii) améliorer les mécanismes de transparence et renforcer l’engagement des parties prenantes. Ce rapport comprend également un plan d’actions (Chapitre 3) assorti de mesures concrètes pour mettre en œuvre les recommandations proposées. Ce rapport s’inscrit dans le cadre du dialogue sur les politiques conduit conjointement par l’OCDE et le Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med) en Tunisie dans le cadre du projet labellisé par l’Union pour la Méditerranée (UpM) « Gouvernance et Financement du Secteur de l’Eau en Méditerranée », avec le soutien financier du fonds fiduciaire FEMIP de la Banque Européenne d’Investissement.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264221734
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Document was designed to serve as a tool to assist industrial enterprises, public authorities, and communities near hazardous installations world-wide develop and implement a means to assess the success of their chemical safety activities. The guidance does not define a precise methodology, but rather provides guidance on how to develop and use safety performance indicators including the general elements of Safety Performance Indicators (SPI) Programmes.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189188
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Análisis de los resultados medioambientales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE; Mexique 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: El programa de la OCDE sobre las evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental proporciona una evaluación independiente del progreso de los países para cumplir los compromisos nacionales e internacionales en materia de políticas ambientales junto con recomendaciones relevantes a dichas políticas. Las evaluaciones están dirigidas para promover el aprendizaje entre pares, estimular una mayor rendición de cuentas entre países y ante la opinión pública y para que los países mejoren su desempeño individual y colectivo en la gestión del medio ambiente. Las evaluaciones están apoyadas por un extenso número de datos económicos y ambientales. Cada ciclo de las evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental cubre todos los países miembros de la OCDE y algunos países socios. Entre los más recientes evaluaciones se encuentran: Alemania (2012), Eslovenia (2012), Israel (2011) y Eslovaquia (2011). Este informe es la tercera evaluación del desempeño ambiental de México. Evalúa el progreso hacia el desarrollo sostenible y el crecimiento verde y se centra en políticas sobre el cambio climático y aborda objetivos de biodiversidad y la conservación de bosques.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Türkei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: Turkey underwent a very ambitious reform programme in 2003, the so-called "Health Transformation Programme". Access to healthcare in Turkey has greatly increased with the attainment of Universal Health Coverage, as also demonstrated by improvement in health outcomes, most notably around maternal and child health and infectious diseases. However, despite these significant achievements, Turkey has a significant way to travel to deliver high-quality health services to its population. Governance of the health system is highly centralised and typified by directive control from the Ministry of Health, and information collected in different part of the system is not always fully exploited. The OECD Review of Health Care Quality in Turkey recommends a number of changes to address these shortcomings. The key recommendations are that: i) Turkey needs to develop robust systems to standardise and monitor the quality of care, encourage continuous professional development and incorporate patient views; ii) some loosening of the governance structure would be welcome, to allow regions greater flexibility to assess and respond to local health needs and to continue to provide health workers with incentives for improve quality; iii) data on health sector activity and outcomes need to be made more available and more usable for individual patients and clinicians, while greater effort is needed to increase the robustness of Turkey’s information systems at national level and harmonise performance measures to OECD and other international comparators.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208834
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Rentenreform ; Altersvorsorge ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This report provides an international perspective on Ireland’s retirement income provision for a focused review on the viability and long-term impact of proposed changes in pension policy, taking into account the impact of the economic downturn. It covers all components of the pension system: state, private personal and occupational plans and schemes for public-sector employees.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264220522
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Cost of Air Pollution; Health Impacts of Road Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Transport
    Abstract: La pollution de l’air extérieur tue plus de trois millions de personnes dans le monde chaque année, et elle est à l’origine de problèmes de santé, allant de l’asthme aux maladies cardiovasculaires chez un plus grand nombre de personnes encore. Pour les pays de l’OCDE ainsi que pour la Chine et l’Inde, le coût de ces impacts est estimé à 3 500 milliards USD par an en termes de mortalité et de morbidité, et la tendance est à la hausse. En se basant sur les nouvelles données épidémiologiques depuis l’étude de l’OMS sur la charge mondiale de morbidité en 2010, ainsi que sur les estimations de l’OCDE sur la valeur d’une vie statistique, ce rapport démontre que les impacts sanitaires de la pollution de l’air sont approximativement quatre fois plus élevés, et leurs coûts économiques considérablement plus importants, que les évaluations précédentes.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264215658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    DDC: 325
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand is among the OECD countries that have been settled by migration. Currently more than a quarter of the New Zealand workforce is foreign-born. Despite being a settlement country, most labour migration is temporary and permanent migration mainly draws from the pool of temporary labour migrants. Current temporary labour migration is equivalent to 3.6% of the workforce, by far the largest figure in the OECD. An elaborate system of labour-market tests and exemptions aims to limit negative impact on the domestic workforce while at the same time responding to employer needs. A large part of temporary flows is into low-skilled jobs with little steering possibilities, and some vigilance is needed. For permanent migration, which is also among the highest in per capita terms among OECD countries, New Zealand operates with target numbers. The country faces difficulties in meeting thes targets, whose value-added in a largely demand-driven system - favoring immigrants with a job offer - is questionable.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264102637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water governance in the Netherlands
    DDC: 333.91009492
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Governance-Ansatz ; Niederlande ; Environment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This report assesses the extent to which Dutch water governance is fit for future challenges and sketches an agenda for the reform of water policies in the Netherlands. It builds on a one-year policy dialogue with over 100 Dutch stakeholders, supported by robust analytical work and drawing on international best practice.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264208605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health care quality
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Tschechien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in the Czech Republic. It finds that over the past 20 years, the Czech Republic witnessed the unprecedented gains in quality of health care and life expectancy and successfully transferred its Semaschko system into the modern accessible health care system with private-public mix of providers. Nevertheless the health care system in the Czech Republic still has some way to go to achieve the outcomes of the best performing OECD members. While some of the gap might be caused by the one of the lowest levels of health care expenditures among OECD countries (7.2% GDP in 2011) there are possibilities to improve the outcomes without incurring much of the additional costs. The Czech authorities should reach a consensus on the development of quality of care and data infrastructure and aim for sustainable long-term initiatives undisturbed by the political cycles in both of these areas. While the adverse events reporting and voluntary accreditation are the good steps towards the accountability of the providers, the government should do more in this area, undertake the effort to broaden the accreditation process and include outpatient care and link public health authorities to the quality agenda of inpatient care. In the area of data infrastructure more data should be gathered, the process of data gathering should be streamlined and administrative burden for the providers lowered primarily via the merging the data-collecting agencies. Finally, without the active participation of health insurance funds and proper reimbursement mechanisms in place the quality agenda will not be perceived as the priority.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Santé mentale et emploi ; Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Psychische Gesundheit und Beschäftigung; Schweiz
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Schweiz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; Berufstätigkeit ; Psychische Störung
    Abstract: Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Switzerland is the fifth in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that the Swiss system is well resourced to address the challenges in various policy fields; that due the involvemnet of a large number of stakeholders much needed policy coordination across different sectors is a difficult task; and that a stronger mental health focus is required in Switzerland's health, social and labour market policies.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F. : Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
    ISBN: 9789264219267
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (415 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Policies to Support Eco-innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Better Policies to Support Eco-innovation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La ecoinnovación es más significativa que nunca en la agenda de políticas públicas. Es un importante impulsor del crecimiento ecológico y contribuye al desempeño ambiental y el desarrollo económico de los miembros de la OCDE y los países en desarrollo por igual. Este reporte adopta un enfoque pragmático de las políticas de apoyo para el desarrollo y la difusión de ecoinnovaciones. Profundiza en la estrategia de innovación de la OCDE. Explora los vínculos entre las políticas de ecoinnovación y las áreas relacionadas, como industria, competencia y cooperación internacional. Esta obra parte de un inventario de políticas sobre ecoinnovación de los países de la OCDE y de China; también se alimenta de estudios sobre innovaciones respetuosas del ambiente y destaca los diferentes patrones de desarrollo de país a país. Los resultados de esta publicación contribuirán a la estrategia de crecimiento ecológico que desarrolla la OCDE a manera de un útil paquete de políticas para que los gobiernos aprovechen su potencial de crecimiento ecológico.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.49
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Minor use is the use of chemical pesticides or non-chemical means of crop protection where the potential use is on a scale not sufficiently large to justify registration of that use from an applicant’s perspective alone. Typically minor uses involve crops grown on a small scale (minor crops) and often are high value specialty crops. Additionally minor uses can involve uses within major crops in terms of controlling minor pests and diseases. This results in a situation where specialty crop industries are either without or are lacking sufficient access to pesticides to adequately protect those crops. This Guidance for Defining Minor Uses of Pesticides is provided to encourage and enhance member countries similarities in their approaches to defining minor uses, and to ensure that those needs are appropriately regulated, managed and addressed in their respective countries.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264224445
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 487; In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’essai micronoyau in vitro est un essai de génotoxicité pour la détection des micronoyaux dans le cytoplasme de cellules en interphase. Les micronoyaux peuvent provenir de fragments de chromosomes acentriques (c’est-à-dire sans centromère), ou de chromosomes entiers qui ne peuvent migrer vers les pôles pendant l’étape d’anaphase de la division cellulaire. L’essai détecte l’activité de substances d’essai clastogènes et aneugènes dans les cellules qui ont subi une division cellulaire au cours ou après l’exposition à une substance d’essai. Cette Ligne directrice prévoit l’utilisation de protocoles, avec et sans cytochalasine B (inhibiteur de polymérisation de l’actine). La cytochalasine B permet l’identification et l’analyse sélective de la fréquence des micronoyaux dans les cellules qui ont complété une mitose, ces cellules étant binucléées. La Ligne directrice permet l’utilisation de protocoles sans blocage de la cytokinèse à condition qu’il soit démontré que la population cellulaire a subi une mitose.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Pesticides and Biocides no.67
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document dealing with biological pesticides provides guidance to both industry and regulatory authorities, in the context of applications for the approval of microbial biological control agents (mBCAs), and for the registration of microbial biological control products (mBCPs).
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.20
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the adhesive formulation industry. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to additives and components used in adhesive formulations. These approaches are intended to provide conservative, screening-level estimates resulting in release and exposure amounts that are likely to be higher, or at least higher than average, than amounts that might actually occur in the real world setting.
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