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  • Guenthner, F.  (17)
  • Wartofsky, Marx W.  (15)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (32)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402063244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 14
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Linguistics Science_xLogic design ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic design ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Logik
    Abstract: The fourteenth volume of the Second Edition covers central topics in philosophical logic that have been studied for thousands of years, since Aristotle: Inconsistency, Causality, Conditionals, and Quantifiers. These topics are central in many applications of logic in central disciplines such as computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and philosophy. This book is indispensable to any advanced student or researcher using logic in these areas. The chapters are comprehensive and written by major figures in the field
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Logics of Formal Inconsistency; Causality; On Conditionals; Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402030925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 12
    DDC: 160
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Logik
    Abstract: A useful reference work to both students and researchers in formal philosophy, language and logic. This second edition is intended to comprise some 18 volumes and provides in-depth coverage of major topics in philosophical logic and its applications in many cutting-edge fields relating to computer science, language, argumentation, and others
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface to the Second Edition; Knowledge Representation with Logic Programs; The Resolution Principle; How to Go Nonmonotonic; The Development of Categorical Logic; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 323 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computational linguistics.
    Abstract: The first edition of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic (four volumes) was published in the period 1983-1989 and has proven to be an invaluable reference work to both students and researchers in formal philosophy, language and logic. The second edition of the Handbook is intended to comprise some 18 volumes and will provide a very up-to-date authoritative, in-depth coverage of all major topics in philosophical logic and its applications in many cutting-edge fields relating to computer science, language, argumentation, etc. The volumes will no longer be as topic-oriented as with the first edition because of the way the subject has evolved over the last 15 years or so. However the volumes will follow some natural groupings of chapters
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 350 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The seventh volume of the Second Edition contains major contributions on Basic Tense Logic, Advanced Tense Logic, Combinations of Tense and Modality, Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic as well as Tense and Time. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401003872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 354 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The eighth volume of the Second Edition contains major contributions on the Logic of Questions, Sequent Systems for Modal Logics, Deontic Logic as well as Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-duties. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 406 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The sixth volume of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Second Edition contains major contributions on Relevance Logic, Quantum Logics, Combinators, Proofs and Implicational Logics and Paraconsistent Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 368 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The ninth volume of the Second Edition contains major contributions on Rewriting Logic as a Logical and Semantic Framework, Logical Frameworks, Proof Theory and Meaning, Goal Directed Deductions, Negations, Completeness and Consistency as well as Logic as General Rationality. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: This fourth volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Conditional Logic, Dynamic Logic, Logics for Defeasible Argumentation, Preference Logic and Diagrammatic Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 360 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The fifth volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Intuitionistic Logic, Free Logics and Partial Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704540
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (432 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The third volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Basic and Advanced Modal Logic, Quantification in Modal Logic and Correspondence Theory. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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    URL: Cover
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704526
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 408 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The second volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Systems of Deduction, Alternatives to Standard First-order Semantics, Algebraic Logic, Basic and Advanced Many-valued Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401598330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 385 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: This first volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Predicate Logic, First- and Second-order Logic, Higher-order Logic, Algorithms and Decision Problems, and the Mathematics of Logic Programming. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401104692
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 462 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 165
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 165
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. Science, Mind and Art, Volume III of Essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen focuses on issues in contemporary epistemology, aesthetics, and philosophy of mind as well as on the relations of science and human values in ethical and religious thought. It also has important new work in contemporary metaphysics, as well as in the history of philosophy, and on questions of multiculturalism in science education. Contributors include Paul Feyerabend, Adolf Grünbaum, Joseph Margolis, Joëlle Proust, Erazim Kohak, Elie Wiesel, Miriam Bienenstock, and John Silber, among others
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401726580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 163
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 163
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics. ; Astronomy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. The essays presented in Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community (Volume I of Essays in Honor of Robert S. Cohen) focus on philosophical and historical issues in contemporary physics: on the origins and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics, on the reception and understanding of Bohr's and Einstein's work, on the emergence of quantum electrodynamics, and on some of the sharp philosophical and scientific issues that arise in current scientific practice (e.g. in superconductivity research). In addition, several essays deal with critical issues within the philosophy of science, both historical and contemporary: e.g. with Cartesian notions of mechanism in the philosophy of biology; with the language and logic of science - e.g. with new insights concerning the issue of a `physicalistic' language in the arguments of Neurath, Carnap and Wittgenstein; with the notion of `elementary logic'; and with rational and non-rational elements in the history of science. Two original contributions to the history of mathematics and some studies in the comparative sociology of science round off this outstanding collection
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400911710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (733p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 167
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computational linguistics. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume IV -- IV.I Quantifiers in Formal and Natural Languages -- IV.2 Property Theories -- IV.3 Philosophical Perspectives on Formal Theories of Predication -- IV.4 Mass Expressions -- IV.5 Reference and Information Content: Names and Descriptions -- IV.6 Indexicals -- IV.7 Propositional Attitudes -- IV.8 Tense and Time -- IV.9 Presupposition -- IV.10 Semantics and the Liar Paradox -- Name Index -- Table of Contents to Volume I, II, and III.
    Abstract: conceptual, realist) theories of predication. Chapter IV.4 centers on an important class of expressions used for predication in connection with quantities: mass expressions. This chapter reviews the most well-known approaches to mass terms and the ontological proposals related to them. In addition to quantification and predication, matters of reference have constituted the other overriding theme for semantic theories in both philosophical logic and the semantics of natural languages. Chapter IV.5 of how the semantics of proper names and descrip­ presents an overview tions have been dealt with in recent theories of reference. Chapter IV.6 is concerned with the context-dependence of reference, in particular, with the semantics of indexical expressions. The topic of Chapter IV.7 is related to predication as it surveys some of the central problems of ascribing propositional attitudes to agents. Chap­ ter IV.8 deals with the analysis of the main temporal aspects of natural language utterances. Together these two chapters give a good indication of the intricate complexities that arise once modalities of one or the other sort enter on the semantic stage. in philosophical Chapter IV.9 deals with another well-known topic logic: presupposition, an issue on the borderline of semantics and prag­ matics. The volume closes with an extensive study of the Liar paradox and its many implications for the study of language (as for example, self­ reference, truth concepts and truth definitions).
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789400952034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (531p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 166
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume III -- III.1. Partial Logic -- III.2. Many-valued Logic -- III.3. Relevance Logic and Entailment -- III.4. Intuitionistic Logic -- III.5. Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuitionistic Logic -- III.6. Free Logics -- III.7. Quantum Logic -- III.8. Proof Theory and Meaning -- Name Index -- Table of Contents to Volumes I, II, and IV.
    Abstract: This volume presents a number of systems of logic which can be considered as alternatives to classical logic. The notion of what counts as an alternative is a somewhat problematic one. There are extreme views on the matter of what is the 'correct' logical system and whether one logical system (e. g. classical logic) can represent (or contain) all the others. The choice of the systems presented in this volume was guided by the following criteria for including a logic as an alternative: (i) the departure from classical logic in accepting or rejecting certain theorems of classical logic following intuitions arising from significant application areas and/or from human reasoning; (ii) the alternative logic is well-established and well-understood mathematically and is widely applied in other disciplines such as mathematics, physics, computer science, philosophy, psychology, or linguistics. A number of other alternatives had to be omitted for the present volume (e. g. recent attempts to formulate so-called 'non-monotonic' reason­ ing systems). Perhaps these can be included in future extensions of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Chapter 1 deals with partial logics, that is, systems where sentences do not always have to be either true or false, and where terms do not always have to denote. These systems are thus, in general, geared towards reasoning in partially specified models. Logics of this type have arisen mainly from philo­ sophical and linguistic considerations; various applications in theoretical computer science have also been envisaged.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789400953451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary Evalutation of the Duhem-Quine Thesis -- On Science and Phenomenology -- Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas -- The ‘Innateness Hypothesis’ and Explanatory Models in Linguistics -- The Epistemological Argument -- Conceptual Revolutions in Science -- Is Logic Empirical? -- Empiricism at Bay? Revisions and a New Defense -- Empiricism at Sea -- Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis -- A Note on the Concept of Scientific Practice -- Explanation and Evolution -- Constraints on Science -- Complex Scientific Problems -- Experiment, Theory, Practice -- Perception, Representation, and the Forms of Action: Towards an Historical Epistemology -- Analysis as a Method of Discovery During the Scientific Revolution -- Biological Competition: Decision Rules, Pattern Formation, and Oscillations -- Valuation and Objectivity in Science -- Reflections on the Philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger -- Name Index. .
    Abstract: The Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science began 2S years ago as an interdisciplinary, interuniversity collaboration of friends and colleagues in philosophy, logic, the natural sciences and the social sciences, psychology, religious studies, arts and literature, and often the celebrated man-in-the­ street. Boston University came to be the home base. Within a few years, pro­ ceedings were seen to be candidates for publication, first suggested by Gerald Holton for the journal Synthese within the Synthese Library, both from the D. Reidel Publishing Company of Dordrecht, then and now in Boston and Lancaster too. Our colloquium was inheritor of the Institute for the Unity of Science, itself the American transplant of the Vienna Circle, and we were repeatedly honored by encouragement and participation of the Institute's central figure, Philipp Frank. The proceedings were selected, edited, revised in the light of the discussions at our colloquia, and then other volumes were added which were derived from other symposia, in Boston or elsewhere. A friendly autonomy, in­ dependent of the Synthese Library proper, existed for more than a decade and then the Boston Studies became fully separate. We were grateful to Jaakko Hintikka for his continued encouragement within that Library. The series Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science was conceived in the broadest framework of interdisciplinary and international concerns. Natural scientists, mathematicians, social scientists and philosophers have contributed to the series, as have historians and sociologists of science, linguists, psychologists, physicians, and literary critics. .
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  • 18
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 64
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Remarks to the Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences -- The Scholar, the Liberal Ideal, and the Philosophy of Science -- I. The Sciences -- Conceptual Analysis and Scientific Theory in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature (with Special Reference to Hegel’s Optics) -- A Comment on Buchdahl’s Paper -- The Chemical System of Substances, Forces and Processes in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature and the Science of His Time -- Hegel and the Celestial Mechanics of Newton and Einstein -- The Hegelian Treatment of Biology and Life -- More Comments on the Place of the Organic in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature -- Hegel and the Organic View of Nature -- Hegel’s Philosophical Understanding of Illness -- On Hegel’s Significance for the Social Sciences -- Hegel’s Conception of Psychology -- II. Philosophy and Methodology of Science -- The Dialectical Structure of Scientific Thinking -- Is the Progress of Science Dialectical? -- Some ‘Moments’ of Hegel’s Relation to the Sciences -- Hegel’s ‘Deduction of the Concept of Science’ -- Theory and Praxis and the Beginning of Science -- The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science -- III. Dialectics and Logic -- Hegel’s Logic from a Logical Point of View -- The Dynamics of Hegelian Dialectics, and Non-Linearity in the Sciences -- Mathematical Dialectics, Scientific Logic and the Psychoanalysis of Thinking [Comment on Kosok and Gauthier] -- Comments on Kosok’s Interpretation of Hegel’s Logic -- Bibliographical Note -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: To the scientists and philosophers of our time, Hegel has been either a ne­ glected or a provocative thinker, a source of irrelevant dark metaphysics or of complex but insightful analysis. His influence upon the work of natural scientists has seemed minimal, in the main; and his stimulus to the nascent sciences of society and to psychology has seemed to be as often an obstacle as an encouragement. Nevertheless his philosophical analysis of knowledge and the knowing process, of concepts and their evolutionary formation, of rationality in its forms and histories, of the stages of empirical awareness and human practice, all set within his endless inquiries into cultural formations from the entire sweep of human experience, must, we believe, be confronted by anyone who wants to understand the scientific consciousness. Indeed, we may wish to situate the changing theories of nature, and of humankind in nature, within a philosophical account of men and women as social practi­ tioners and as sensing, thinking, feeling centers of privacy; and then we will see the work of Hegel as a major effort to mediate between the purest of epistemological investigations and the most practical of the political and the religious. This book, long delayed to our deep regret, derives from a Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences which was sponsored jointly by the Hegel Society of America and the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science a decade ago.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400963313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 84
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend -- How To Be a Good Philosopher of Science: A Plea for Empiricism in Matters Methodological [Commentary on Burian] -- Feedback, Selection, and Function: A Reductionistic Account of Goal-Orientation -- Philosophy of Science 2001 -- The Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences -- Comments on Jost Halfmann’s ‘Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences’ -- Philosophy of Science and the Origin of Life -- Sociobiology, Anti-Sociobiology, Epistemology, and Human Nature -- Substance and Its Logical Significance -- Tracking Down the Misplaced Concreton in the Neurosciences -- Does Popper’s Conventionalism Contradict his Critical Rationalism? Objections against Popper in German Philosophy and Some Metacritical Remarks -- How to Explore the History of Ancient Mathematics? -- Nature on Trial: The Case of the Rooster that Laid an Egg -- Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’ -- Toward the Vindication of Friedrich Engels -- Bibliography of the Writings of Benjamin Nelson -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This selection of papers that were presented (or nearly so!) to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during the seventies fairly re­ presents some of the most disturbing issues of scientific knowledge in these years. To the distant observer, it may seem that the defense of rational standards, objective reference, methodical self-correction, even the distin­ guishing of the foolish from the sensible and the truth-seeking from the ideological, has nearly collapsed. In fact, the defense may be seen to have shifted; the knowledge business came under scrutiny decades ago and, indeed, from the time of Francis Bacon and even far earlier, the practicality of the discovery of knowledge was either hailed or lamented. So the defense may be founded on the premise that science may yet be liberating. In that case, the analysis of philosophical issues expands to embrace issues of social interest and social function, of instrumentality and arbitrary perspective, of biological constraints (upon knowledge as well as upon the species-wide behavior of human beings in other relationships too), of distortions due to explanatory metaphors and imposed categories, and of radical comparisons among the perspectives of different civilizations. Some of our contributors are frankly programmatic, showing how problems must be formulated afresh, how evasions must be identified and omissions rectified, but they do not reach their own completion.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400962590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (788p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 165
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume II -- II.1. Basic Modal Logic -- II.2.Basic Tense Logic -- II.3. Combinations of Tense and Modality -- II.4. Correspondence Theory -- II.5. Quantification in Modal Logic -- II.6. Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic -- II.7. C. General Intensional Logic -- II.8.Conditional Logic -- II.9.Modal Logic and Self-reference -- II.10. Dynamic Logic -- II.11. Deontic Logic -- II.12. The Logic of Questions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The chapters in the present volume go beyond 'classical' extensional logic with respect to one important factor: they all include among the semantic constituents representations of so-called 'possible worlds'. The inclusion of such 'indices' has turned out to be the semantic mainstay in dealing with a number of issues having to do with intensional features of natural and artificial languages. It is, of course, an open question whether 'possible world' semantics is in the final analysis the proper solution to the many problems and puzzles intensional constructions raise for the logical analysis of the many varieties of discourse. At present, there seem to be about as many opponents as proponents with regard to the usefulness of having the semantics of intensional languages based on possible world constructs. Some attempts to come to grips with intensional phenomena which are not couched in the possible world framework are discussed in Volume IV of the Handbook. Chapter 1 is an extensive survey of the main systems of (propositional) modal logic including the most important meta-mathematical results and the techniques used in establishing these. It introduces the basic terminology and semantic machinery applied in one way or another in many of the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the most significant developments in (propositional) tense logic which can of course be regarded as a special kind of modal logic, where the possible world indices are simply (ordered) moments of time.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789400970663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 164
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Computational linguistics.
    Abstract: to Volume I -- I.1. Elementary Predicate Logic -- I.2. Systems of Deduction -- I.3. Alternatives to Standard First-order Semantics -- I.4. Higher-order Logic -- I.5. Predicative Logics -- I.6. Algorithms and Decision Problems: A Crash Course in Recursion Theory -- Name Index -- Table of Contents to Volumes II, III, and IV.
    Abstract: The aim of the first volume of the present Handbook of Philosophical Logic is essentially two-fold: First of all, the chapters in this volume should provide a concise overview of the main parts of classical logic. Second, these chapters are intended to present all the relevant background material necessary for the understanding of the contributions which are to follow in the next three volumes. We have thought it to be of importance that the connections between classical logic and its 'extensions' (covered in Volume 11) as well as its most important 'alternatives' (covered in Volume Ill) be brought out clearly from the start. The first chapter presents a clear and detailed picture of the range of what is generally taken to be the standard logical framework, namely, predicate (or first-order quantificational) logic. On the one hand, this chapter surveys both propositionai logic and first-order predicate logic and, on the other hand, presents the main metalogical results obtained for them. Chapter 1. 1 also contains a discussion of the limits of first-order logic, i. e. it presents an answer to the question: Why has predicate logic played such a formidable role in the formalization of mathematics and in the many areas of philo­ sophical and linguistic applications? Chapter 1. 1 is prerequisite for just about all the other chapters in the entire Handbook, while the other chapters in Volume I provide more detailed discussions of material developed or hinted at in the first chapter.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401714587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 71
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 71
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Ideology and Objectivity -- Toward a Logic of Historical Constitution -- Beyond Causality in the Social Sciences: Reciprocity as a Model of Non-exploitative Social Relations -- Empiricism and the Philosophy of Science, or, n Dogmas of Empiricism -- Realism and the Supposed Poverty of Sociological Theories -- The Role and Status of the Rationality Principle in the Social Sciences -- Marxian Paradigms versus Microeconomic Structures -- Paradise not Surrendered: Jewish Reactions to Copernicus and the Growth of Modern Science -- The Peculiar Evolutionary Strategy of Man -- Technologies as Forms of Life -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The last decades have seen major reformations in the philosophy and history of science. What has been called 'post-positivist' philosophy of science has introduced radically new concerns with historical, social, and valuative components of scientific thought in the natural sciences, and has raised up the demons of relativism, subjectivism and sociologism to haunt the once­ calm precincts of objectivity and realism. Though these disturbances intruded upon what had seemed to be the logically well-ordered domain of the philoso­ phy of the natural sciences, they were no news to the social sciences. There, the messy business of human action, volition, decision, the considerations of practical purposes and social values, the role of ideology and the problem of rationality, had long conspired to defeat logical-reconstructionist programs. The attempt to tarne the social sciences to the harness of a strict hypothetico­ deductive model of explanation failed. Within the social sciences, phenome­ nological, Marxist, hermeneuticist, action-theoretical approaches vied in attempting to capture the distinctiveness of human phenomena. In fact, the philosophy of the natural sciences, even in its 'hard' forms, has itself become infected with the increasing reflection upon the role of such social-scientific categories, in the attempt to understand the nature of the scientific enterprise.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scales of Measurement -- Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories -- Comments on ‘Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories’ by Professor Dalla Chaiara -- A Methodology without Methodological Rules -- Truth, Fallibility and the Growth of Knowledge -- Fallible Is as Fallible Does: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Knowledge in Pursuit of Knowledge — A Few Worries: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Response to Scheffler -- Response to Margalit -- Rejoinder to Levi’s Reply -- A Category-Theoric Approach to Systems in a Fuzzy World -- Natural Languages and Formal Languages and Formal Languages: A Tenable Dualism -- The Problem of Vague Predicates -- Peirce and Pearson: Pragmatism vs. Instrumentalism -- Theory of Propensity: A New Foundation of Logic -- Gödel’s Theorems and Church’s Thesis: A Prologue to mechanism -- The Non-traditional Theory of Quantifiers -- Dialogue: How Do We Know What Others Mean and Why? -- Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments of Professor Rivetti Barbòs Paper -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Fundamental problems of the uses of formal techniques and of natural and instrumental practices have been raised again and again these past two decades, in many quarters and from varying viewpoints. We have brought a number of quite basic studies of these issues together in this volume, not linked con­ ceptually nor by any rigorously defined problematic, but rather simply some of the most interesting and even provocative of recent research accomplish­ ments. Most of these papers are derived from the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during 1973-80, the two exceptions being those of Karel Berka (on scales of measurement) and A. A. Zinov'ev (on a non-tradi­ tional theory of quantifiers). Just how intriguing these results (or conjectures?) seem to us may be seen from some brief quotations: (1) Judson Webb: " . . . . the abstract machine concept has many of the appropriate kinds of properties for modelling living, reproducing, rule­ following, self-reflecting, accident-prone, and lucky creatures . . . the a priori logical results relevant to the abstract machine concept, above all Godel's, could not conceivably have turned out any better for the mechanist. " (2) M. L. Dalla Chiara: " . . . modal interpretation (of quantum logic) shows clearly that it possesses a logical meaning which is quite independent of quantum mechanics. " (3) Isaac Levi: (as against Peirce and Popper) " . . . infallibilism is con­ sistent with corrigibilism, and a view which respects avoidance of error is an important desideratum for science.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400993570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 398 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 48
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. The Model Muddle: Proposals for an Immodest Realism (1966) -- 2. Reduction, Explanation and Ontology (1962) -- 3. Models, Metaphysics and the Vagaries of Empiricism (1965) -- 4. Metaphysics as Heuristic for Science (1965) -- 5. Matter, Action and Interaction (1973) -- 6. Towards a Critical Materialism (1971) -- 7. The Relation Between Philosophy of Science and History of Science (1977) -- 8. Telos and Technique: Models as Modes of Action (1968) -- 9. From Praxis to Logos: Genetic Epistemology and Physics (1971) -- 10. Pictures, Representation, and the Understanding (1972) -- 11. Perception, Representation, and the Forms of Action: Towards an Historical Epistemology (1973) -- 12. Rules and Representation: The Virtues of Constancy and Fidelity Put in Perspective (1978) -- 13. Action and Passion: Spinoza’s Construction of a Scientific Psychology (1973) -- 14. Nature, Number and Individuals: Motive and Method in Spinoza’s Philosophy (1978) -- 15. Hume’s Concept of Identity and the Principium Individuationis (1961) -- 16. Diderot and the Development of Materialist Monism (1953) -- 17. Art and Technology: Conflicting Models of Education? The Uses of a Cultural Myth (1973) -- 18. Art as Humanizing Praxis (1976) -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Marx Wartofsky has been working for many years within an unusual confluence of philosophical problems. He brings to these intersecting problems his comprehensive intelligence, at once imaginative and rigorous, analytic and historical. He is a philosopher's philosopher, but also Everyman's. Wartofsky is philosopher of the natural and the social sciences, of perception, esthetics and the creative arts, of the 18th century French and the 19th century Germans, of politics and morality, ofthe methods and morals of medicine, and it is plain, of all human existence. To a colleague, he seems Jack-of-all-philosophical-trades, and master of them too. The reader soon will learn that Wartofsky is a genial, lucid and relaxed philosophical companion, deeply serious but without noticeable anxiety. I need not highlight these selected epistemological papers gathered as, and about, Models, since Wartofsky's own introductory remarks are helpful and stimulating in that respect. I need only, after 21 years of friendship and collaboration with him, warn the reader to beware of how profound and provocative these papers will show themselves to be beneath their good-humored and swiftly-flowing surface. And I must publicly note the pleasure with which I welcome Marx Wartofsky's volume to our Boston Studies. Boston University R.S.C. Center for the Philosophy and History of Science September 1979 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE VII xi AC K NOWLEDGEMENTS xiii INTRODUCTION The Model Muddle: Proposals for an Immodest Realism 1.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400997752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 4
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications of Subgames -- Ambiguous Coreference With Quantifiers -- Negative Coreference: Generalizing Quantification for Natural Language -- Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules -- Variable Binding and Relative Clauses -- Adverbs of Space and Time -- Time Schemes, Tense Logic and the Analysis of English Tenses -- A System of Chronological Tense Logic -- Semantics versus Pragmatics -- Implication Reversal in a Natural Language -- Structure and Function of the Grammatical Component of the Text-Structure World-Structure Theory -- Questions and Answers in a Context-dependent Montague Grammar -- The Introduction of Truth Predicates into First-Order Languages -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The essays in this collection are the outgrowth of a workshop, held in June 1976, on formal approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of natural languages. They document in an astoundingly uniform way the develop­ ments in the formal analysis of natural languages since the late sixties. The avowed aim of the' workshop was in fact to assess the progress made in the application of formal methods to semantics, to confront different approaches to essentially the same problems on the one hand, and, on the other, to show the way in relating semantic and pragmatic explanations of linguistic phenomena. Several of these papers can in fact be regarded as attempts to close the 'semiotic circle' by bringing together the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of certain constructions in an explanatory framework thereby making it more than obvious that these three components of an integrated linguistic theory cannot be as neatly separated as one would have liked to believe. In other words, not only can we not elaborate a syntactic description of (a fragment of) a language and then proceed to the semantics (as Montague pointed out already forcefully in 1968), we cannot hope to achieve an adequate integrated syntax and semantics without paying heed to the pragmatic aspects of the constructions involved. The behavior of polarity items, 'quantifiers' like any, conditionals or even logical particles like and and or in non-indicative sentences is clear-cut evidence for the need to let each component of the grammar inform the other.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401021289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (413p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 14
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Empiricism at Bay?: Revisions and a New Defense -- Empiricism at Sea -- What Duhem Really Meant -- Genius in Science -- Regularity and Law -- Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis -- Forces, Powers, Aethers, and Fields -- Natural Science and the Future of Metaphysics -- Is the Transition from an Old Theory to a New One of a Sudden and Unexpected Character? -- Some Practical Issues in the Recent Controversy on the Nature of Scientific Revolutions -- The Divergent-Convergent Method — A Heuristic Approach to Problem-Solving -- The Logical and the Extra-Logical -- What is a Logical Constant? -- On the Law of Inertia -- Scientific and Metaphysical Problems: Euler and Kant -- Theory of Language and Philosophy of Science as Instruments of Educational Reform: Wittgenstein and Popper as Austrian Schoolteachers -- Bible Criticism and Social Science -- Kant, Marx and the Modern Rationality -- The Marxist Conception of Science -- The Idea of Statistical Law in Nineteenth Century Science.
    Abstract: Modem philosophy of science has turned out to be a Pandora's box. Once opened, the puzzling monsters appeared: not only was the neat structure of classical physics radically changed, but a variety of broader questions were let loose, bearing on the nature of scientific inquiry and of human knowledge in general. Philosophy of science could not help becoming epistemological and historical, and could no longer avoid metaphysical questions, even when these were posed in disguise. Once the identification of scientific methodology with that of physics had been queried, not only did biology and psychology come under scrutiny as major modes of scientific inquiry, but so too did history and the social sciences - particularly economics, sociology and anthropology. And now, new 'monsters' are emerging - for example, medicine and political science as disciplined inquiries. This raises anew a much older question, namely whether the conception of science is to be distinguished from a wider conception of learning and inquiry? Or is science to be more deeply understood as the most adequate form of learning and inquiry, whose methods reach every domain of rational thought? Is modern science matured reason, or is it simply one historically adapted and limited species of western reason? In our colloquia at Boston University, over the past fourteen years, we have been probing and testing the scope of philosophy of science.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401021159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (692p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 15
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Mathematics -- The Lemniscate of Bernoulli -- Summation of Series of Fractions Depending upon the Roots of the Airy Function -- Wave Propagation in Non-Viscous Fluids -- Polyhedral Numbers -- Materialist Mathematics -- Skew Curves Setting up a Null System in Space -- Über ein Beispiel zur unbestimmten Analytik und seine allgemeine Bedeutung -- Remarks on Two-By-Two Matric Semigroups -- A Unified Approach to Hypernumbers -- Some Remarks on the Concept of Limit -- La notion de fonction chez Condorcet -- II/History of Mathematics and Science -- The Modern Use of Historical Chinese Solar Observations -- The Second Part of Chapter 5 of the De arte mensurandi by Johannes de Muris -- Isaac Newton, the Calculus of Variations, and the Design of Ships. An Example of Pure Mathematics in Newton’s Principia, Allegedly Developed for the Sake of Practical Applications -- The Impact of von Staudt’s Foundations of Geometry -- Georg Samuel Dörffel -- Observational, Rational and Scientific Medicine in Mexico -- History of Science: A Subject for the Frustrated. Recent Japanese Experience -- The Relation between Eudoxus’ Theory of Proportions and Dedekind’s Theory of Cuts -- Rheticus as Editor of Sacrobosco -- Is Euclid on the Skids? -- John Pell’s English Edition of J. H. Rahn’s Teutsche Algebra -- Could the Specific Heat of the Elements Have Contributed to the Discovery of the Periodic System? -- III/The Nature Of Mathematics, Philosophy and Science -- Die Alexander-von-Humboldt-Forschung an der Akademie der Wissenschaften der D.D.R. — Ergebnisse und Ziele -- Ethics and Science -- A Religion of Earth. The Twentieth Century Scientific Revolution and Organized Religion -- Some Heretical Ideas with Respect to Mathematics and Physics -- A Note on Robert Hodes -- Aims and Methods of Scientific Research -- The Concept of ‘Simplicity’ in the Physico-Mathematical Sciences -- Should Science Survive Its Success? -- Jonathan Edwards on the Freedom of the Will -- The Accelerator and the Virgin: The Rise & Fall of Two Cults -- A Note on the Concept of Scientific Practice -- Ideology, Expression, and Mediation -- Is Science Rational? -- On the Philosophical Meaning of Observational Errors -- IV/Cultural and Political Questions -- Falsification in History -- The Evolution of Black Nationalism (1971) -- The Secret of Jheronimus Bosch -- Self-Determination in Theory and Practice -- The Appeal of Marxism in the United States -- Relative Values and the Quest for Socio-Political Standards -- Dirk Struik and the Sociology of Science -- What Is Burgerlijk? Analysis of a Dutch Concept -- American Anti-Imperialism and the Russian Revolution -- Lenin and the Americans at Kuzbas -- Pre-School Education and Its Role in Social Change: A New Zealand Example -- Toward a Critique of Economics.
    Abstract: It is fitting that Professor Dirk Jan Struik be greeted with this melange of mathematical, scientific, historical, sociological and political essays. The authors are also appropriately varied: different countries, outlooks, religions, generations, and we suppose - of course we did not as- different politics too. Many more would have joined us, we know, but the good friends in this book make a fine and representative assembly of the intersection of two (mathematical!) classes: affectionately respect­ ful admirers of Dirk Struik, and the best thinkers of this troubled century. Struik has been among the most steadfast supporters of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, that discussion group which we have been holding at Boston University since 1960, but his luminous collaboration has been welcome, in Boston and Cambridge, for nearly five decades among mathematicians, physicists, philosophical and political thinkers, and especially among the students. It has not mattered whether they have been his own students or not, whether at M.LT. or elsewhere, whether scholars or dropouts, nature-lovers or book worms, anarchists or Republicans, Catholics or Unitarians, Communists or communists, prim or liberated. No doubt he has his preferences! But the main thing for Struik has been to educate and respect the other person.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401026567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 13
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Perception and Philosophy Science -- (1) Nature of a Perceptual Theory -- (2) The Psychophysical Law -- (3) Perception of Light and Color -- (4) Perception of Voice and Music -- (5) Theory of Space and Time -- (6) Statistical Theory of Fields -- (7) The Problem of the Unity of Physics -- (8) Nature of a Physical Theory -- (9) A Theory of Psycho-social Evolution -- The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Defense of a Non-Conventionalist Interpretation of Classical Mechanics -- Comments on C. A. Hooker: Systematic Realism -- The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities -- Comments on ‘The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities’ -- Comments on ‘The Formal Representation of Physical Quantities’ -- The Labyrinth of Quantum Logics -- Ontic Commitments of Quantum Mechanics -- Comments on ‘Ontic Commitments of Quantum Mechanics’ -- Quantum Logic and Classical Logic: Their Respective Roles -- Implications of a New Axiom Set for Quantum Logic -- Two Types of Continuity -- General Relativity — Some Puzzling Questions -- Personal Remembrance of Albert Einstein -- The Controversy Concerning the Law of Causality in Contemporary Physics -- Topical Table of Contents -- (1) Causality -- (2) Relevance of Probability -- (3) Teleology in Physics? -- (4) Probability and Free Will.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401032636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 1
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Model of Mind-Body Relation in Terms of Modular Logic (October 26, 1961) -- Comments -- Comments -- 2 The Relationship of Language to the Formation of Concepts Summary of Oral Presentation (November 30, 1961) -- 3 The Logical Structure of Physics (December 14, 1961) -- Discussion -- 4 Modal Logics I: Modalities and Intensional Languages (February 8. 1962) -- Comments -- Discussion -- 5 Modal Logics II: Toward a Formal Analysis of Cultural Objects (March 8, 1962) -- 6(a) Deterministic Interpretations of the Quantum Theory (March 27, 1962) -- 6(b) Operational Aspects of Hidden-Variable Quantum Theories — With a Postscript on The Impact of Recent Scientific Trends on Art (March 27, 1962) -- Comments -- 7 The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary Evaluation of the Duhem-Quine Thesis (April 26.1962) -- Comments -- 8(a) Perception and Language Summary of Oral Presentation (May 17, 1962) -- 8(b) Perception: Cause and Achievement Summary of Oral Presentation (May 17, 1962).
    Abstract: The broad range of interdisciplinary concerns which are encompassed by the philosophy of science have this much in common: (I) they arise from reflection upon the fundamental concepts, the formal structures, and the methodology of the sciences; (2) they touch upon the characteristically philosophical questions of ontology and epistemology in a unique way, bringing to traditional conceptions the analytic apparatus of modern logic, and the new content and conceptual models of active scientific investigations. These sources are reflected in the present volume, which consists of the major portion of the papers presented to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science in the academic year 1961-1962. There is no central theme nor any dominant approach in this colloquium. Initiated in 1960 as an inter-university interdisciplinary faculty group, the Colloqnium is intended to foster creative and regular exchange of research and opinion, to provide a forum for professional discussion in the philosophy of science, and to stimulate the development of academic programs in philosophy of science in the colleges and universities of metropolitan Boston. The base of the Colloquium is our philosophic and scientific community, as broad and heterodox as the academic, cultural and techno­ logical complex in and about this city. The Colloquium has been supported in its first full year, as an inter-institutional cooperative association, by a generous grant to Boston University from the U. S. National Science Foundation. We are most grateful for this help.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401033787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (556p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 4
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Work and Influence of Wernicke -- The Symptom Complex of Aphasia: A Psychological Study on an Anatomical Basis -- Anatomy and the Higher Functions of the Brain -- What is Perception? -- Knowledge, Language and Rationality. Statement of the Problem -- Comments: Language and Knowledge, by Stephen Toulmin -- A Parallelism Between Wittgensteinian and Aristotelian Ontologies -- Wolniewicz on Wittgenstein and Aristotle -- The Computer as Gadfly -- The Subject of Cultural Creation -- Dialectical Materialism and the Philosophy of Praxis -- Theory in History -- Understanding and Participant Observation in Cultural and Social Anthropology -- Comments: Theory and Practice of Participant-Observation, by Judith B. Agassi -- Comments: Participant-Observation and the Collection of Data, by Sidney W. Mintz -- Patterns of Use of Science in Ethics -- Comments by Ruth Anna Putnam -- Comments on Abraham Edel’s ‘Patterns of Use of Science in Ethics’, by John Ladd -- On Empirical Knowledge -- Comments on ‘On Empirical Knowledge’, by John Compton -- Causal Connection -- Some Comments to ‘Causal Connection’, by M. M. Schuster -- Causality and the Notion of Necessity -- Unity and Diversity in Science -- On Methods of Refutation in Metaphysics.
    Abstract: The fourth volume of Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science consists mainly of papers which were contributed to our Colloquium during the past few years. The volume represents a wide range of interests in contem­ porary philosophy of science: issues in the philosophy of mind and of language, the neurophysiology of perceptual and linguistic behavior, philosophy of history and of the social sciences, and studies in the fun­ damental categories and methods of philosophy and the inter-relation­ ships of the sciences with ethics and metaphysics. Papers on the logic and methods of the natural sciences, including biological, physical and mathematical topics appear in the fifth volume of our series. We have included in the present volume the first English translation of the classic and fundamental work on aphasia by Carl Wernicke, together with a lucid and appreciative guide to his work by Dr. Norman Geschwind. The papers were not written to form a coherent volume, nor have they been edited with such a purpose. They represent current work-in­ progress, both in the United States and in Europe. Although most of the authors are philosophers, it is worth noting that we have essays of philosophical significance here written by a sociologist, an anthropologist, a political scientist, and by three neurophysiologists. We hope that collaboration among working scientists and working philosophers may develop further.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401033817
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 5
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reply to Hilary Putnam’s ‘An Examination of Grünbaum’s Philosophy of Geometry’ -- Causality Requirements and the Theory of Relativity -- Comments on ‘Causality Requirements and the Theory of Relativity’ -- Matter, Space and Logic -- Is Logic Empirical? -- On the Philosophical Significance of the Correspondence Argument -- On Distinguishing Types of Measurement -- Hypotheses in Newton’s Philosophy -- The Role of Models in Theoretical Physics -- The Problem of Truth -- Symmetry in Physics -- Verification or Proof — An Undecided Issue? -- Ernst Mach’s Biological Theory of Knowledge -- Theories and Hypotheses in Biology: Theoretical Entities and Functional Explanation -- Comments on ‘Theories and Hypotheses in Biology’ -- Comments: Theoretical Entities Versus Theories -- The Unity of Physics -- Supplementary Comments to Weizsäcker’s Paper.
    Abstract: In this fifth volume of Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, we have gathered papers about the logic and methods of the natural sciences. Along with the individual pieces, there are several which have originated as commentaries but are now supplementary contributions: those by Stachel and Putnam. Grlinbaum's long essay developed from a paper first suggested for our Colloquium some years ago, and we are glad of the occasion to publish it here. Several of the papers were not first presented to our Colloquium but they are the work of friends and scholars who have contributed to our discussions along similar lines. We are grateful to them for allowing us to publish their papers: L Bernard Cohen, Hilary Putnam, Mihailo Markovic. And we are also grateful to C. F. von Weizsacker for his paper, recently presented to the Boston philosophical and scientific community as a lecture at M. LT. With these few exceptions, the fifth volume presents work which was partially supported by a grant from the U. S. National Science Foundation to Boston University. Such support will conclude with the fourth volume of philosophical studies of psychology, the social sciences, history, and the inter-relationships of the sciences with ethics and metaphysics. Unimportant circumstances made it necessary to publish that fourth volume after this fifth volume, and perhaps this will mildly suggest that neither science nor the philosophy of science needs to be constrained by orthodoxy of procedure.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401035088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLIX, 489 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 3
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Early Modern Revolution in Science and Philosophy -- Taxonomy and Information -- On the Elementarity of Measurement in General Relativity: toward a General Theory -- Symposium on Innate Ideas -- Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas -- The ‘Innateness Hypothesis’ and Explanatory Models in Linguistics -- The Epistemological Argument -- Natural Kinds -- Metaphysics as Heuristic for Science -- Comments -- Rationalism and the Physical World -- On the Foundations of Probability Theory -- Comments -- Elementarity and Reality in Particle Physics (with an exchange of letters between E. K. Gora and W. Heisenberg) -- Comments -- Semantic Sources of the Concept of Law -- Science in Flux: Footnotes to Popper -- Comments -- Conceptual Revolutions in Science -- Comments -- The Center of the World -- Comments: Analytic Premises and Existential Conclusions -- On the Improvement of the Sciences and Arts, and the possible Identity of the Two -- Comments: Acute Proliferitis -- Comments -- Comments: Illustration vs. Experimental Test -- Logic as Calculus and Logic as Language -- Three Studies in the Philosophy of Space and Time -- What I Don’t Believe.
    Abstract: This third volume of Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science contains papers which are based upon Colloquia from 1964 to 1966. In most cases, they have been substantially modified subsequent to presentation and discussion. Once again we publish work which goes beyond technical analysis of scientific theories and explanations in order to include philo­ sophical reflections upon the history of science and also upon the still problematic interactions between metaphysics and science. The philo­ sophical history of scientific ideas has increasingly been recognized as part of the philosophy of science, and likewise the cultural context of the genesis of such ideas. There is no school or attitude to be taken as de­ fining the scope or criteria of our Colloquium, and so we seek to under­ stand both analytic and historical aspects of science. This volume, as the previous two, constitutes a substantial part of our final report to the U. S. National Science Foundation, which has continued its support of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science by a grant to Boston University. That report will be concluded by a subse­ quent volume of these Studies. It is a pleasure to record our thanks to the Foundation for its confidence and funds. We dedicate this book to the memory of Norwood Russell Hanson. During this academic year of 1966-67, this beloved and distinguished American philosopher participated in our Colloquium, and he did so before.
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