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  • 2010-2014  (9)
  • 2013  (9)
  • Rand Corporation  (9)
  • Grimm, Jacob
  • United States Appropriations and expenditures  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND
    ISBN: 9780833081339 , 0833083392 , 0833081330 , 9780833083395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 42 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation research report series RR237
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Connor, Kathryn New approaches to defense inflation and discounting
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Effect of inflation on ; United States ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Military Administration ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Abstract: Inflation indices and discount rates are necessary tools in the Department of Defense's acquisition process, as the final selection of a system is partially based on potential increases in sustainment costs (inflation) and the present value of future costs (discounting). Inflation indices built for DoD use very broad categories that include operations and maintenance (O & M) as well as manpower, procurement, and research and development. This study addresses the question of how well current inflation indices and discount rates are serving DoD weaponsystem program management. It investigates inflation rates for parts for the Abrams tank and the Bradley armored personnel carrier and shows that the two weapon systems, while both ground systems, experience inflation differently. Although government decisionmaking can benefit from discounting (taking into account the time value of money), choices made using discounted cash flows are not always the least expensive for DoD. Its O & M estimating strategies should be reviewed to reflect changing repair and other costs, since a range of reasonable courses of action exists for many DoD investment decisions. Recommendations for the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation to consider when evaluating the inflation and discounting policies that impact the long-term affordability of DoD programs include (1) revisiting O & M costs annually with a 5-year moving-average inflation, to reflect changing repair and other costs; (2) highlighting the role of supply chain surcharges in parts costs in cost estimates used to inform program financial analysis; (3) expanding analysis of investments to ensure consideration of least-cost outcomes
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42)
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9780833077011 , 0833081160 , 0833077015 , 9780833081162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 127 pages)
    Series Statement: RAND Corporation monograph series
    Parallel Title: Print version Mouton, Christopher A Reducing long-term costs while preserving a robust strategic airlift fleet
    Keywords: United States Planning ; United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States ; United States ; C-17 (Jet transport) Costs ; Galaxy (Jet transport) Costs ; Airlift, Military Planning ; C-17 (Jet transport) ; Galaxy (Jet transport) ; Airlift, Military ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Airlift, Military ; Planning ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; C-17 (Jet transport) ; Costs ; Planning ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The current strategic airlift fleet will be reaching the end of its service life in the next few decades, which has raised concerns about the cost and possible budget spike that would result from the need to recapitalize that fleet. This monograph presents the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the best way to recapitalize the USAF intertheater (strategic) airlift fleet. The authors examined a broad range of aircraft alternatives, including existing and emerging technologies, and permutations of USAF plans for the current fleet with a view to meeting projected requirements while minimizing life-cycle costs and smoothing out spending peaks. The expected demand for airlift was modeled against the capabilities of each alternative aircraft to form a set of alternative fleet compositions to meet that demand. The authors then estimated the cost for each of the options to determine those that were the most cost-effective. The most cost-effective option involved a highly advanced conceptual design, which represents significant risk. The next most cost-effective options hedge this risk by starting with commercial derivatives as aircraft retire, followed later by a highly advanced aircraft
    Abstract: The current strategic airlift fleet will be reaching the end of its service life in the next few decades, which has raised concerns about the cost and possible budget spike that would result from the need to recapitalize that fleet. This monograph presents the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the best way to recapitalize the USAF intertheater (strategic) airlift fleet. The authors examined a broad range of aircraft alternatives, including existing and emerging technologies, and permutations of USAF plans for the current fleet with a view to meeting projected requirements while minimizing life-cycle costs and smoothing out spending peaks. The expected demand for airlift was modeled against the capabilities of each alternative aircraft to form a set of alternative fleet compositions to meet that demand. The authors then estimated the cost for each of the options to determine those that were the most cost-effective. The most cost-effective option involved a highly advanced conceptual design, which represents significant risk. The next most cost-effective options hedge this risk by starting with commercial derivatives as aircraft retire, followed later by a highly advanced aircraft
    Note: "Project Air Force , "Prepared for the United States Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-127)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780833080370 , 0833083333 , 0833080377 , 9780833083333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 40 pages)
    Series Statement: Research report RR-150-AF
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States ; United States ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military base closures Economic aspects ; Military bases, American Costs ; Air bases, American Costs ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military base closures ; Military bases, American ; Air bases, American ; Military planning ; Strategy ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Strategy ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; United States ; Military base closures ; Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report seeks to inform the debate over the extent of U.S. military presence overseas by providing a rigorous estimate of the costs associated with maintaining U.S. Air Force installations and units overseas rather than in the United States. The authors describe the various types of expenditures required to maintain bases and military units overseas and estimate current costs using official data and econometric modeling. They provide a cost model of overseas presence for policymakers to weigh alternative posture options. Their main findings are that while it does cost more to maintain force structures and installations overseas rather than in the United States, the total cost of doing so for the Air Force's current overseas posture is small relative to the Air Force's overall budget
    Abstract: This report seeks to inform the debate over the extent of U.S. military presence overseas by providing a rigorous estimate of the costs associated with maintaining U.S. Air Force installations and units overseas rather than in the United States. The authors describe the various types of expenditures required to maintain bases and military units overseas and estimate current costs using official data and econometric modeling. They provide a cost model of overseas presence for policymakers to weigh alternative posture options. Their main findings are that while it does cost more to maintain force structures and installations overseas rather than in the United States, the total cost of doing so for the Air Force's current overseas posture is small relative to the Air Force's overall budget
    Note: "The study was conducted within the Strategy and Doctrine Program of RAND Project Air Force"--Preface , "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-40)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9780833080295 , 0833083406 , 0833080296 , 9780833083401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Evaluation ; United States ; Veterans Medical care ; Management ; Veterans ; Expenditures, Public ; United States ; Veterans ; Medical care ; Management ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In its 2013 budget request, the Obama administration sought $140 billion for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 54 percent of which would provide mandatory benefits, such as direct compensation and pensions, and 40 percent of which is discretionary spending, earmarked for medical benefits under the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Unlike Medicare, which provides financing for care when its beneficiaries use providers throughout the U.S. health care system, the VHA is a government-run, parallel system that is primarily intended for care provision of veterans. The VHA hires its own doctors and has its own hospital network infrastructure. Although the VHA provides quality services to veterans, it does not preclude veterans from utilizing other forms of care outside of the VHA network--in fact, the majority of veterans' care is received external to the VHA because of location and other system limitations. Veterans typically use other private and public health insurance coverage (for example, Medicare, Medicaid) for external care, and many use both systems in a given year (dual use). Overlapping system use creates the potential for duplicative, uncoordinated, and inefficient use. The authors find some suggestive evidence of such inefficient use, particularly in the area of inpatient care. Coordination management and quality of care received by veterans across both VHA and private sector systems can be optimized (for example, in the area of mental illness, which benefits from an integrated approach across multiple providers and sectors), capitalizing on the best that each system has to offer, without increasing costs
    Note: "RAND Corporation , "The research was conducted within RAND Health"--Back cover , Caption title , Includes bibliographical references (pages 13-14)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation
    ISBN: 9780833081919 , 0833081918 , 9780833076663 , 0833076663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 67 pages)
    Series Statement: Technical report TR-1275-AF
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Robbert, Albert A., 1944- Costs of flying units in Air Force active and reserve components
    Keywords: United States Operational readiness ; United States Costs ; Evaluation ; United States Costs ; Evaluation ; United States Appropriations and expenditures ; Evaluation ; United States Management ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Evaluation ; Armed Forces ; Management ; Armed Forces ; Operational readiness ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The relative costs of operating and supporting Air Force active- and reserve-component units are an important consideration in programming the mix of forces for various missions. Unfortunately, there are no generally accepted or well-documented methodologies for compiling the costs and output measures to be included in these comparisons. This report describes the development of one such methodology and applies it to an exploration of force mix alternatives in several weapon systems. Using data from the Air Force Total Ownership Cost decision support system from fiscal years 2006 through 2010, the author estimates the cost of operating the C-130 tactical airlifter, KC-135 aerial refueler, and F-16 multirole fighter fleets in Air Force active and reserve components. The author highlights the ways in which cost considerations favor the active and reserve components differently and discusses how this can help determine a cost-minimizing active/reserve mix
    Abstract: The relative costs of operating and supporting Air Force active- and reserve-component units are an important consideration in programming the mix of forces for various missions. Unfortunately, there are no generally accepted or well-documented methodologies for compiling the costs and output measures to be included in these comparisons. This report describes the development of one such methodology and applies it to an exploration of force mix alternatives in several weapon systems. Using data from the Air Force Total Ownership Cost decision support system from fiscal years 2006 through 2010, the author estimates the cost of operating the C-130 tactical airlifter, KC-135 aerial refueler, and F-16 multirole fighter fleets in Air Force active and reserve components. The author highlights the ways in which cost considerations favor the active and reserve components differently and discusses how this can help determine a cost-minimizing active/reserve mix
    Note: "Approved for public release; distribution inlimited , "Prepared for the United States Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (page 67)
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9780833080608 , 0833084801 , 0833080601 , 9780833084804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Procurement ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; United States ; Weapons systems Costs ; Forecasting ; Systems integration Risk assessment ; Methodology ; Weapons systems ; Systems integration ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; United States ; Expenditures, Public ; United States Armed Forces ; Weapons systems ; Costs ; Evaluation ; Methodology ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Abstract: Implementing risk management principles to manage large defense acquisition programs is a priority for the U.S. defense acquisition community. To assist those decisionmakers responsible for identifying the risk associated with major weapons programs, RAND researchers developed a methodology and accompanying Excel, information-based risk tool (the ⁰́Assessor Tool⁰́₊). The Assessor Tool offers an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)-level approach to the evaluation and measurement of system integration risk. That is, it is meant for assessors, such as OSD personnel, who may not be especially familiar with the specific program under evaluation but still may need to make judgments about the program⁰́₉s risk. It is based on a tractable and comprehensive set of questions that can help evaluate integration risk at each point in the acquisition process. More specifically, the tool enables users to see how well integration risk is being managed by providing a standards-based valuation of integration issues that can lead to cost growth, schedule growth, and program performance. The users⁰́₉ manual for the Assessor Tool is available in a companion document, An Excel Tool to Assess Acquisition Program Risk (by Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer, Mark V. Arena, and Michael E. McMahon, TL-113-OSD, 2013). The Assessor Tool and its methodology may also be generalizable to an entire set of information-based risk assessment applications. Overall, the methodology and tool have many strengths, including being based on well-grounded theories, allowing for reproducibility and traceability, and the extensive flexibility to be used to evaluate risk for many different types of programs. To provide a benchmarking and validation of the risk scores calculated by the tool, future work could include the tool⁰́₉s validation by tracking its output against a program⁰́₉s performance
    Note: "This research was conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute"--Preface , "RAND National Security Research Division , Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26) , Title from title screen (viewed on October 24, 2013)
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9780833078070 , 0833083295 , 0833078070 , 9780833083296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxi, 109 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Assessment of beddown alternatives for the F-35
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Reorganization ; United States ; United States ; F-35 (Military aircraft) Costs ; F-35 (Military aircraft) ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Armed Forces ; Reorganization ; Electronic books
    Abstract: As currently planned, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter is the most costly aircraft acquisition program in Defense Department history. One approach to ensuring program affordability could be to increase the number of Primary Aerospace Vehicles Authorized (PAA) per combat-coded squadron, with a resulting reduction in the number of F-35 combat-coded squadrons. RAND explored the impact of increasing the PAA per squadron, adjusting the mix of PAA across the Active and Reserve Components, and adjusting the percentage of the Active Component PAA assigned to home-station locations in the continental United States. Researchers considered 28 beddown alternatives, with a maximum of 36 PAA per squadron, and determined that all beddowns could satisfy surge deployment requirements and most could also satisfy rotational requirements within specified deploy-to-dwell ratios. Increasing squadron size was determined to significantly reduce (a) the flying costs necessary to achieve pilot absorption requirements, (b) maintenance manpower requirements, and (c) total support equipment procurement costs, while little additional infrastructure capacity would be required under any of the 28 basing alternatives considered. Additional analysis suggested that assignment policy would have more effect on leader development than either squadron size or the active-reserve mix
    Abstract: As currently planned, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter is the most costly aircraft acquisition program in Defense Department history. One approach to ensuring program affordability could be to increase the number of Primary Aerospace Vehicles Authorized (PAA) per combat-coded squadron, with a resulting reduction in the number of F-35 combat-coded squadrons. RAND explored the impact of increasing the PAA per squadron, adjusting the mix of PAA across the Active and Reserve Components, and adjusting the percentage of the Active Component PAA assigned to home-station locations in the continental United States. Researchers considered 28 beddown alternatives, with a maximum of 36 PAA per squadron, and determined that all beddowns could satisfy surge deployment requirements and most could also satisfy rotational requirements within specified deploy-to-dwell ratios. Increasing squadron size was determined to significantly reduce (a) the flying costs necessary to achieve pilot absorption requirements, (b) maintenance manpower requirements, and (c) total support equipment procurement costs, while little additional infrastructure capacity would be required under any of the 28 basing alternatives considered. Additional analysis suggested that assignment policy would have more effect on leader development than either squadron size or the active-reserve mix
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , "This research was conducted within the Resource Management Program of RAND PAF"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-109)
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780833078087 , 0833083309 , 0833078089 , 9780833083302
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 23 pages)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States Reorganization ; United States ; United States ; F-35 (Military aircraft) Costs ; F-35 (Military aircraft) ; United States ; Air Forces ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Armed Forces ; Reorganization ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Electronic books
    Abstract: As currently planned, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter is the most costly aircraft acquisition program in Defense Department history. One approach to ensuring program affordability could be to increase the number of Primary Aerospace Vehicles Authorized (PAA) per combat-coded squadron, with a resulting reduction in the number of F-35 combat-coded squadrons. RAND explored the impact of increasing the PAA per squadron, adjusting the mix of PAA across the Active and Reserve Components, and adjusting the percentage of the Active Component PAA assigned to home-station locations in the continental United States. Researchers considered 28 beddown alternatives, with a maximum of 36 PAA per squadron, and determined that all beddowns could satisfy surge deployment requirements and most could also satisfy rotational requirements within specified deploy-to-dwell ratios. Increasing squadron size was determined to significantly reduce (a) the flying costs necessary to achieve pilot absorption requirements, (b) maintenance manpower requirements, and (c) total support equipment procurement costs, while little additional infrastructure capacity would be required under any of the 28 basing alternatives considered. Additional analysis suggested that assignment policy would have more effect on leader development than either squadron size or the active-reserve mix
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , "This researchwas conducted within the Resource Management Program of RAND PAF"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9780833080233 , 0833083732 , 0833080237 , 9780833083739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 41 pages)
    Keywords: United States Procurement ; United States Management ; United States Appropriations and expenditures ; United States ; United States ; United States ; Airplanes, Military Costs ; Airplanes, Military ; Armed Forces ; Appropriations and expenditures ; Armed Forces ; Management ; Armed Forces ; Procurement ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; Air Forces ; United States ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Aviation ; Airplanes, Military ; Costs ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The U.S. Air Force is facing a number of challenges as a result of the current defense budget downturn along with the uncertainty of its timing and magnitude. RAND examined the challenge of modernizing the Air Force's aircraft fleet while trying to sustain the industrial base with limited funding. Complicating this challenge is that the pattern of Air Force spending has shifted dramatically away from new aircraft procurement, and a competitor with significant technical and economic capability has emerged. There is a need for careful strategic management of investment choices--and this goes beyond just aircraft. The Air Force will first need to define its capability priorities that fit within budget constraints, then use those priorities to shape a budget strategy. RAND considered six budget strategies for aircraft procurement: from a new high-tech fleet to sustaining and modifying the existing one. Each strategy under a constrained spending future results in challenges and issues for the industrial base. The Air Force will need to help mitigate industrial base problems that result from their chosen budget strategy--but some issues may be beyond their control. There are lessons from foreign acquisitions that the Air Force can leverage to avoid pitfalls. Most importantly, shortfalls in both industry and government skill bases can cause significant problems later during execution. Finding ways to sustain key skills during a spending downturn will be important for the future and potentially produce longer-term savings
    Abstract: The U.S. Air Force is facing a number of challenges as a result of the current defense budget downturn along with the uncertainty of its timing and magnitude. RAND examined the challenge of modernizing the Air Force's aircraft fleet while trying to sustain the industrial base with limited funding. Complicating this challenge is that the pattern of Air Force spending has shifted dramatically away from new aircraft procurement, and a competitor with significant technical and economic capability has emerged. There is a need for careful strategic management of investment choices--and this goes beyond just aircraft. The Air Force will first need to define its capability priorities that fit within budget constraints, then use those priorities to shape a budget strategy. RAND considered six budget strategies for aircraft procurement: from a new high-tech fleet to sustaining and modifying the existing one. Each strategy under a constrained spending future results in challenges and issues for the industrial base. The Air Force will need to help mitigate industrial base problems that result from their chosen budget strategy--but some issues may be beyond their control. There are lessons from foreign acquisitions that the Air Force can leverage to avoid pitfalls. Most importantly, shortfalls in both industry and government skill bases can cause significant problems later during execution. Finding ways to sustain key skills during a spending downturn will be important for the future and potentially produce longer-term savings
    Note: "RAND Project Air Force , Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41)
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