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  • Fukasaku, Kiichiro  (17)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (17)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
  • Development  (17)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health
  • 1
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    Tirer le meilleur parti de l'aide : Défis pour l'agro-industrie africaine (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.36
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making the Most of Aid: Challenges for Africa's Agribusiness
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE comme dans les pays en développement, l’aide et les politiques commerciales peuvent se conforter mutuellement au bénéfice du développement, ou se substituer les unes aux autres. La manifestation d’une corrélation entre flux commerciaux et flux d’aide dépend cependant du contexte. La croissance rapide de l’Asie de l’Est démontre la forte influence de l’aide liée au commerce sur le développement. Alors que l’aide a joué un rôle complémentaire essentiel pour le développement du commerce au Vietnam par exemple, l’impasse que connaissent les producteurs de coton africains est emblématique des contradictions entre les objectifs des politiques commerciales et ceux des politiques d’aide. L’expérience des six pays africains considérés dans ce Cahier de politique économique met en exergue des exemples de coopération pour le développement visant à éliminer les obstacles à une participation élargie et approfondie de l’Afrique au système mondial du commerce. Un renforcement de l’aide est compatible avec la stabilité macro-économique et l’expansion commerciale, et les initiatives internationales en cours d’« aide au commerce » resteront incontournables pour le développement de l’Afrique dans les prochaines décennies.
    DOI: 10.1787/238038840288
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  • 2
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    Transition, mondialisation et travail dans les pays de la Coopération économique de la mer Noire et d'Asie centrale (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.68
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition, Globalisation and Labour in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation and Central Asian Regions
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Si elle a profité aux pays de la Coopération économique de la mer Noire (CEMN) et d’Asie centrale (AC), la mondialisation a aggravé la volatilité et l’incertitude associées à la transition vers une économie de marché. La volonté des pays CEMN-AC d’entrer sur la scène internationale met les marchés du travail sous pression. L’importance des flux migratoires au sein de la région CEMN-AC et vers les pays voisins est l’un des ajustements des marchés du travail les plus marquants.
    DOI: 10.1787/238686333355
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  • 3
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    Transition, Globalisation and Labour in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation and Central Asian Regions (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.68
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition, mondialisation et travail dans les pays de la Coopération économique de la mer Noire et d'Asie centrale
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Globalisation has brought benefits to the economies in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation (BSEC) and Central Asia (CA), but compounded volatility and uncertainty associated with the transition to market economy. Labour markets have been put under pressure, as BSEC-CA countries compete on the international arena. One important form of labour market adjustment has been a large amount of migration flows within the BSEC-CA region and to the neighbouring countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/238756060020
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  • 4
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    Le développement du secteur privé dans les pays pauvres : faut-il changer de recette ? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.48
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Private Sector Development in Poor Countries: Seeking Better Policy Recipes?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: En créant et en exploitant des « idées », l’activité des entreprises privées tire la croissance, dans les pays riches comme dans les pays pauvres. La mise en place d’un environnement propice aux affaires est une condition nécessaire mais non suffisante pour promouvoir le secteur privé dans les pays pauvres. Le dialogue, la transparence, la responsabilité et l’évaluation confortent l’efficacité des politiques de développement du secteur privé.
    DOI: 10.1787/243326761527
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  • 5
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    Private Sector Development in Poor Countries : Seeking Better Policy Recipes? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.48
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le développement du secteur privé dans les pays pauvres : faut-il changer de recette ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Private business activity, by creating and using “ideas”, drives economic growth in both rich and poor countries. Creating an enabling business environment is necessary but not sufficient for fostering the private sector in poor countries. Open dialogue, transparency, accountability and evaluation make private sector development policies more effective. * This Policy Insights introduces the Business for Development: Fostering the Private Sector report.
    DOI: 10.1787/243368408865
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  • 6
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    Policy Coherence Towards East Asia : Development Challenges for OECD Countries (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (620 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy coherence towards East Asia
    DDC: 330.95
    RVK:
    QG 800
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Ostasien ; Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ostasien ; OECD ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftslenkung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum
    Abstract: This book looks at the impact of OECD-country policies on East Asia in a variety of areas: trade, investment, agriculture, finance and aid, as well as macroeconomic policies and regional co-operation. Further, and most importantly, the book examines the interaction of these OECD-country policies and their coherence with each other. This book is part of an attempt by the OECD to establish guidelines for defining and adopting coherent policies conducive to development outside the OECD area, thus contributing to the world-wide search for answers to questions of poverty reduction and growth with equity. It is also part of an attempt to provide policy makers in both developing and OECD countries with the tools to formulate policies in harmony with each other to foster the integration of poorer countries into the international economy. "This is an indispensable source of insight for all scholars seeking fresh and authoritative information and analysis of the still unfinished job to improve the coherence of OECD countries' policies toward East Asia after the crisis." --Professor Rolf J. LanghammerVice-President of the Kiel Institute of World Economics, Germany "This is a must read volume for anyone who would like to learn seriously about relevant policy coherence for development and actual practices for East Asia's outward-oriented growth within an increasingly integrated world." --Professor Suthiphand ChirathivatChairman, Economics Research Center and Center for International Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014435-en
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  • 7
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    Trade and Structural Adjustment Policies in Selected Developing Countries (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.245
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The experience of the five examined industries (agro-food in Chile, cut flowers in Kenya, garment in Lesotho and in Mauritius and seafood in Thailand) demonstrates that non-traditional industries can emerge and achieved strong growth rates in very diverse settings in terms of geography and initial economic and social conditions. In most of these cases, the government adopted a relatively export-oriented, business-friendly attitude and adapted its policies as the industries developed. Hence, a key factor for successful structural adjustment has been the pro-active role of government in establishing an enabling economic and policy environment that allows local firms to operate on a level-playing field and strengthen their competitive edge in international markets. This highlights the importance of implementing trade policies in the framework of comprehensive development strategies and establishing a consultative national policy-making process for ensuring a coherent approach to trade and structural adjustment. The case studies also underscore that countries (government and industry) are compelled to constantly adapt in light of new sources of competition, growing wage levels, environmental constraints, technological advances and demanding product and process standards. Policy-makers in most countries under review are aware of this challenge. As a consequence, some of them have taken the initiative to set up specific mechanisms or programmes for further enhancing the competitiveness of existing export sectors and/or promoting emerging non-traditional export industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/712551221673
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  • 8
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    Cohérence des politiques des pays OCDE : la preuve par l'Asie de l'Est (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policy Coherence of OECD Countries Matters: Evidence from East Asia
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Le processus de développement de l’Asie de l’Est est encore mal compris –notamment qu’il s’agit d’un développement séquentiel en grappe, effets d’osmose entre économies à niveaux différents de développement industriel. Il n’existe à ce jour aucune analyse systématique de l’impact des politiques des pays de l’OCDE sur le développement se plaçant dans cette perspective. Quelle influence les différents vecteurs de politique transmis par les pays de l’OCDE – en particulier dans le domaine des échanges, de l’investissement et de l’aide – ont-ils eu sur le développement de la région ? Dans quelle mesure cet impact a-t-il été tributaire des capacités de réaction, via leurs politiques nationales, des pays d’Asie de l’Est ?
    DOI: 10.1787/014860854541
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  • 9
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    Policy Coherence of OECD Countries Matters : Evidence from East Asia (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cohérence des politiques des pays OCDE : la preuve par l'Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The East Asian development experience is still not well understood – especially the region’s clustered, sequential development process and neighbourhood effects linking economies at different levels of industrial development. Until now, the development impact of OECD-country policies had never been analysed systematically from this perspective. How have different policy vectors transmitted by OECD countries, notably in the areas of trade, investment and aid, contributed to the development of the region?
    DOI: 10.1787/023205835334
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  • 10
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    Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries : An International Challenge After Doha (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper discusses major policy issues related to commodity dependence and export diversification in low-income countries. Contrary to some widely-held view, it argues that natural resources are not necessarily a “curse” — that they do not condemn low-income countries to underdevelopment but can provide rather a basis for sustained export-led growth. Natural resource-based sectors have potential for export diversification. The OECD “mirror” trade data suggest that many different routes to diversification exist, including resource-based manufacturing and processing of primary products. However, these opportunities are not being exploited in many low-income countries. This is because export diversification is typically a slow process, and this process needs to be sustained by an appropriate and coherent strategy, characterised by a combination of vision, co-ordination and management of conflicting interests. Moreover, the analysis of trade support services in two African countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/043266813306
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  • 11
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    Trading Competitively : Trade Capacity Building in Sub-Saharan Africa (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compétitivité des échanges ; Renforcer les capacités en Afrique subsaharienne
    Keywords: Development ; Trade
    Abstract: The trade analysis and firm surveys conducted in several African countries in this study highlight an apparent mismatch between government policies and exporters’ needs in the provision and use of trade support services. While acknowledging the weaknesses of firms in these countries, the study does present evidence confirming the existence of a wide array of policy options for increasing business competitiveness and reducing dependence on primary commodities. Successful upgrading and diversification, however, require not only a right set of macroeconomic and structural policies, but also a substantial change in the policy-making process. A major governance problem undermines the implementation of a successful "business plan" for export diversification in these countries: the lack of involvement of private sector and civil society in policy formulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099609-en
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  • 12
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    Multilateral Tariff Liberalisation and the Developing Countries (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane et les pays en développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Tariffs still matter. • Full tariff liberalisation to 2010 would generate dynamic welfare gains of $1 200 billion (at 1995 prices), equivalent to 3 per cent of World GDP in 2010, from greater efficiency and higher productivity. • Developing countries stand to gain relatively more from multilateral tariff liberalisation, with aggregate gains amounting to nearly 5 per cent of their GDP in 2010. • The next WTO round will provide an opportunity for members to improve their living standards. Realising this potential, however, poses a major policy challenge to developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/824730584535
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  • 13
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    La libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane et les pays en développement (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multilateral Tariff Liberalisation and the Developing Countries
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Les droits de douane : une question toujours d’actualité. • Une libéralisation totale des droits de douane d’ici à 2010 – entraînant des progrès dans l’efficacité et la productivité – se traduirait par des gains de bien-être de l’ordre de 1 200 milliards de dollars (aux prix de 1995), soit 3 pour cent du PIB mondial en 2010. • Les pays en développement pourraient sans doute retirer de la libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane des avantages relativement plus importants que les pays de l’OCDE, le gain global représentant près de 5 pour cent de leur PIB en 2010. • Les prochaines négociations de l’OMC permettront aux pays participants d’améliorer leur niveau de vie. Toutefois, pour les pays en développement, recueillir les avantages d’une telle libéralisation sera un véritable défi politique.
    DOI: 10.1787/816703685638
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  • 14
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    China's Unfinished Open-Economy Reforms : Liberalisation of Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: During the 1990s, China has experienced a surge in imports of services, particularly those of communication, insurance and other business services, despite the fact that the authorities have maintained a plethora of restrictive measures limiting access to the service sector. Not only does this cast strong doubt over the effectiveness of these measures currently in place but also raises some important political-economy questions regarding the market access issues related to this sector. Following a brief review of the country’s efforts made since 1994 to sustain its openeconomy reforms, the paper takes stock of major policy developments in the service sector and discusses the pros and cons of liberalisation of services. The paper argues that a further liberalisation of services would be imperative for China to develop a more viable and dynamic service sector and stands to gain the full benefits of globalisation. The protective measures imposed for short-term, political ...
    DOI: 10.1787/110680138577
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  • 15
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    Economic Transition and Trade-Policy Reform : Lessons from China (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.112
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Trade-policy reform is an essential feature of China’s economic transition to a market economy. On the one hand, the liberalisation and decentralisation of export activities has boosted exports. On the other hand, the reform of China’s import regime has been progressing much more slowly. This has two negative consequences. The persisting combination of high nominal protection rates and numerous tariff exemptions creates a dual regime: export-oriented firms enjoy free access to imports, while the domestic sector remains highly protected from international competition, which allows for continuing misallocation of resources. This incompleteness of trade reforms currently prevents China from joining the WTO, which might eventually hamper its further integration into the world economy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/603777642281
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  • 16
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    China as a Leading Pacific Economy (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.89
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is emerging as a leading Pacific economy in the 1990s. This paper examines the implications of China's entry into the world market for the OECD countries as well as for the regional economies of Asia and the Pacific. It argues that the shares of Asian countries in the OECD countries' market cannot increase without bound, as China and its neighbouring developing economies have basically similar export profiles, competing with each other for market shares for similar products. China's coastal strategy has led to the emergence of a "greater China", encompassing China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Growing trade and investment flows between China and Taiwan via Hong Kong since the mid-1980s can be understood as components of "catching-up" processes, described by some trade economists as the "flying-geese" pattern of trade development. In short, China's entry into the world market is a "positive sum" game, as it provides new market opportunities for both OECD countries and Asian NIEs. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/111803631747
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  • 17
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    Economic Regionalisation and Intra-Industry Trade : Pacific-Asian Perspectives (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present paper examines the trade development of Pacific-Asian economies during the past decade from the perspective of regional integration. Its main focus is on the development of intra-regional and intra-industry trade. It provides some statistical evidence for the often-heard argument that the remarkable development of Pacific-Asian trade in the 1980s should be seen as a case for the "flying-geese" pattern of trade development, which is basically of inter-industry type. It argues, however, that developments since the mid-1980s have provided a new dimension to the regional division of labour — increasing the opportunities for intra-industry trade (IIT) among the Pacific-Asian economies. The empirical analysis based on the Grubel-Lloyd index of IIT in manufactures suggests that large increases in the level of IIT in the developing economies of the region is a consequence of "globalisation" of corporate activities in the United States and, more recently, in Japan and the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/035300332827
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