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  • Ferreira, Francisco H. G.  (5)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (5)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] :Cambridge Univ. Press,
  • Inequality  (4)
  • Income  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Analysis of Inequality in the Bretton Woods Institutions (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ferreira, Francisco H. G The Analysis of Inequality in the Bretton Woods Institutions
    Keywords: Bretton Woods Institutions ; Distribution ; Economics and Institutions ; IMF ; Inequality ; Literature Survey ; Multilateralism ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; World Bank ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: This paper assesses the evolution of thinking, analysis, and discourse about inequality in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund since their inception in 1944, on the basis of bibliometric analysis, a reading of the literature, and personal experience. Whereas the Fund was largely unconcerned with economic inequality until the 2000s but has shown a rapidly growing interest since then, the Bank's approach has been characterized by ebbs and flows, with five phases being apparent. The degree of interest in inequality in the two institutions appears to be largely determined by the prevailing intellectual profile of the topic in academic research, particularly in economics, and by ideological shifts in major shareholder countries, propagated downward internally by senior management. Data availability, albeit partly endogenous, also plays a role. Looking ahead, World Bank and International Monetary Fund researchers continue to have an important role to play, despite a much more crowded field in inequality research. The paper suggests that this role involves holding firm to an emphasis on inequality "at the bottom" and highlighting four themes that may deserve special attention
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10149
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic mobility and the rise of the Latin American middle class (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821396346
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 305.5/5098
    Keywords: Households Economic aspects ; Income ; Middle class ; Occupational mobility ; Social mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , IntroductionEconomic mobility and the middle class: concepts and measurement -- Mobility across generations -- Mobility within generations -- The rising Latin American and Caribbean middle class -- The middle class and the social contract in Latin America
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9634-6
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Poverty And Inequality : A Review of The Evidence (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H.G Global Poverty And Inequality
    Keywords: Developing countries ; Distributional change ; Equity and Development ; Growth elasticity ; Household surveys ; Income ; Income inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Mean income ; Policy ReseaRch ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Developing countries ; Distributional change ; Equity and Development ; Growth elasticity ; Household surveys ; Income ; Income inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Mean income ; Policy ReseaRch ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Developing countries ; Distributional change ; Equity and Development ; Growth elasticity ; Household surveys ; Income ; Income inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Mean income ; Policy ReseaRch ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Services and Transfers to Poor
    Abstract: Drawing on a compilation of data from household surveys representing 130 countries, many over a period of 25 years, this paper reviews the evidence on levels and recent trends in global poverty and income inequality. It documents the negative correlations between both poverty and inequality indices, on the one hand, and mean income per capita on the other. It points to the dominant role of Asia in accounting for the bulk of the world's poverty reduction since 1981. The evolution of global inequality in the last decades is also described, with special emphasis on the different trends of inequality within and between countries. The statistical relationships between growth, inequality and poverty are discussed, as is the correlation between inequality and the growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Some of the recent literature on the drivers of distributional change in developing countries is also reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity : Theory And An Application To Latin America (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (55 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H.G The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity
    Keywords: Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: What part of the inequality observed in a particular country is due to unequal opportunities, rather than to differences in individual efforts or luck? This paper estimates a lower bound for the opportunity share of inequality in labor earnings, household income per capita and household consumption per capita in six Latin American countries. Following John Roemer, the authors associate inequality of opportunity with outcome differences that can be accounted for by morally irrelevant pre-determined circumstances, such as race, gender, place of birth, and family background. Thus defined, unequal opportunities account for between 24 and 50 percent of inequality in consumption expenditure in the sample. Brazil and Central America are more opportunity-unequal than Colombia, Ecuador, or Peru. "Opportunity profiles," which identify the social groups with the most limited opportunity sets, are shown to be distinct from poverty profiles: ethnic origin and the geography of birth are markedly more important as determinants of opportunity deprivation than of outcome poverty, particularly in Brazil, Guatemala, and Peru
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Poverty Reduction Without Economic Growth ? : Explaining Brazil's Poverty Dynamics, 1985-2004 (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (47 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H.G Poverty Reduction Without Economic Growth ?
    Keywords: Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security ; Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security ; Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security
    Abstract: Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction over the last two decades reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth-across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had very different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. The determinants of poverty reduction changed around 1994: positive growth rates and a greater (absolute) elasticity with respect to agricultural growth contributed to faster poverty reduction. But because there was so little of it, economic growth played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and substantial expansions in social security and social assistance transfers, beginning in 1988, accounted for a larger share of the overall reduction in poverty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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