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  • Essama-Nssah, B.
  • Gibson, John
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (6)
  • Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press
  • Income  (4)
  • Private Sector Development  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Data Collection Methods on Estimated Household Consumption and Survey Costs : Evidence from an Experiment in the Marshall Islands (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sharp, Michael K Effects of Data Collection Methods on Estimated Household Consumption and Survey Costs: Evidence from an Experiment in the Marshall Islands
    Keywords: Bias Economic Statistics ; Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) ; Consumption ; Data Collection Methods ; Household Consumption ; Household Income and Expenditure ; Household Survey ; Income ; International Economics and Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Survey Design ; Survey Methodology
    Abstract: In the Pacific, multitopic household surveys have historically gathered expenditure data using open form diaries completed on paper. This methodology is costly to governments, is burdensome for respondents, and takes substantial time to process the results. Noncompliance and partial compliance in diary keeping can artificially inflate poverty measures, biasing economic statistics. This paper reports findings from an experiment in the Marshall Islands comparing the cost and accuracy of several collection methodologies. Variable costs for the status quo diary survey design are between 2.8 and 4.4 times more expensive than a single-visit seven-day recall survey, with the tablet-based diary being even more costly. The highly monitored diaries give similar results to recall but at much greater cost; the status quo yields data of worse quality as effective completion rates with low monitored diaries are only two-thirds the completion rates of recall-based options. Finally, the paper discusses the implementation challenges associated with the different methods in a capacity-constrained environment
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10029
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing The Redistributive Effect of Fiscal Policy (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (72 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Essama-Nssah, B Assessing The Redistributive Effect of Fiscal Policy
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Personal income tax ; Private Sector Development ; Progressive tax ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Tax ; Tax Shifting ; Tax incidence ; Tax liability ; Tax policy ; Tax system ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxpayers ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Personal income tax ; Private Sector Development ; Progressive tax ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Tax ; Tax Shifting ; Tax incidence ; Tax liability ; Tax policy ; Tax system ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxpayers ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Personal income tax ; Private Sector Development ; Progressive tax ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Tax ; Tax Shifting ; Tax incidence ; Tax liability ; Tax policy ; Tax system ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxpayers
    Abstract: Who benefits from public spending? Who bears the burden of taxation? How desirable is the distribution of net benefits from the operation of a tax-benefit system? This paper surveys basic concepts, methods, and modeling approaches commonly used to address these issues in the context of fiscal incidence analysis. The review covers the incidence of both taxation and public spending. Methodological points are supported by country cases. The effective distribution of benefits and burdens associated with fiscal policy depends on the size of the government, the distributive mechanisms involved, and the incentives properties of the policy under consideration. This creates a need for analytical methods to account for both individual behavior and social interaction. The approaches reviewed include simple reduced form regression analysis, microsimulation models (both the envelope and discrete choice models), computable general equilibrium modeling, and approaches that link computable general equilibrium models to microsimulation models. Explicit modeling facilitates the construction of counterfactuals to back up causal analysis. Social desirability is assessed on the basis of progressivity along with deadweight loss
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
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    Online Resource
    A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations About Incomes Abroad ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: McKenzie, David A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold
    Keywords: Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Using The Global Positioning System In Household Surveys For Better Economics And Better Policy (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: McKenzie, David Using The Global Positioning System In Household Surveys For Better Economics And Better Policy
    Keywords: Accessibility ; Air ; Aircraft ; Costs ; E-Business ; Externalities ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railway ; Railway Lines ; Road ; Road Network ; Roads ; Roads and Highways ; Signals ; Training ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Accessibility ; Air ; Aircraft ; Costs ; E-Business ; Externalities ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railway ; Railway Lines ; Road ; Road Network ; Roads ; Roads and Highways ; Signals ; Training ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Accessibility ; Air ; Aircraft ; Costs ; E-Business ; Externalities ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railway ; Railway Lines ; Road ; Road Network ; Roads ; Roads and Highways ; Signals ; Training ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Distance and location are important determinants of many choices that economists study. While these variables can sometimes be obtained from secondary data, economists often rely on information that is self-reported by respondents in surveys. These self-reports are used especially for the distance from households or community centers to various features such as roads, markets, schools, clinics, and other public services. There is growing evidence that self-reported distance is measured with error and that these errors are correlated with outcomes of interest. In contrast to self-reports, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can determine almost exact location (typically within 15 meters). The falling cost of GPS receivers (typically below US
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    A Poverty : Focused Evaluation of Commodity Tax Options (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Essama-Nssah, B A Poverty
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food expenditure ; Human capital ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty eradication ; Poverty measures ; Poverty reduction ; Poverty reduction strategy ; Private Sector Development ; Public spending ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food expenditure ; Human capital ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty eradication ; Poverty measures ; Poverty reduction ; Poverty reduction strategy ; Private Sector Development ; Public spending ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food expenditure ; Human capital ; Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor policy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty eradication ; Poverty measures ; Poverty reduction ; Poverty reduction strategy ; Private Sector Development ; Public spending ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The difficulties faced by many developing countries in raising revenue from direct taxes have forced them to rely heavily on indirect taxes to finance development interventions. The purpose of this paper is to show how to identify socially desirable options for commodity taxation in the context of a poverty reduction strategy. Within the logic of social evaluation the author assesses tax options on the basis of value judgments underlying members of the additively separable class of poverty measures. The criterion hinges on both the pattern of consumption of each commodity and the price elasticity of the poverty measure used. An application of this methodology to data for Guinea shows that many components of food expenditure (particularly cereals, grains, and roots) would be good candidates for exemption from value-added tax. Even though expenditure on health and education is distributed in favor of the non-poor, their importance for human capital development argues for a program of targeted subsidies in a broader context of cost recovery
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
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    Economy-Wide And Distributional Impacts of An Oil Price Shock On The South African Economy (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (57 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Essama-Nssah, B Economy-Wide And Distributional Impacts of An Oil Price Shock On The South African Economy
    Keywords: Adverse impact ; Declining wages ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic research ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Equilibrium ; GDP ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical assistance ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Adverse impact ; Declining wages ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic research ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Equilibrium ; GDP ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical assistance ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Adverse impact ; Declining wages ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic research ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Equilibrium ; GDP ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical assistance ; Unemployment ; Wages
    Abstract: As crude oil prices reach new highs, there is renewed concern about how external shocks will affect growth and poverty in developing countries. This paper describes a macro-micro framework for examining the structural and distributional consequences of a significant external shock-an increase in the world price of oil-on the South African economy. The authors merge results from a highly disaggregative computable general equilibrium model and a micro-simulation analysis of earnings and occupational choice based on socio-demographic characteristics of the household. The model provides changes in employment, wages, and prices that are used in the micro-simulation. The analysis finds that a 125 percent increase in the price of crude oil and refined petroleum reduces employment and GDP by approximately 2 percent, and reduces household consumption by approximately 7 percent. The oil price shock tends to increase the disparity between rich and poor. The adverse impact of the oil price shock is felt by the poorer segment of the formal labor market in the form of declining wages and increased unemployment. Unemployment hits mostly low and medium-skilled workers in the services sector. High-skilled households, on average, gain from the oil price shock. Their income rises and their spending basket is less skewed toward food and other goods that are most affected by changes in oil prices
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