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  • Embree, Lester  (14)
  • Fetzer, James H.  (12)
  • Spicker, Stuart F.  (11)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (37)
  • Hoboken : Taylor and Francis
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 1283698137 , 9789400750432 , 9781283698139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 308 p) , digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 207
    Parallel Title: Print version The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl
    DDC: 142.7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938
    Abstract: The present volume containing the dissertation of Dorion Cairns is the first part of a comprehensive edition of the philosophical papers of one of the foremost disseminators and interpreters of Husserlian phenomenology in North-America. Based on his intimate knowledge of Husserl's published writings and unpublished manuscripts and on the many conversations and discussions he had with Husserl and Fink during his stay in Freiburg i. Br. in 1931-1932. Cairns's dissertation is a comprehensive exposition of the methodological foundations and the concrete phenomenological analyses of Husserl's transcendental phenomenology. The lucidity and precision of Cairns's presentation is remarkable and demonstrates the secure grasp he had of Husserl's philosophical intentions and phenomenological distinctions. Starting from the phenomenological reduction and Husserl's Idea of Philosophy, Cairns proceeds with a detailed analysis of intentionality and the intentional structures of consciousness. In its scope and in the depth and nuance of its understanding, Cairns's dissertation belongs beside the writings on Husserl by Levinas and Fink from the same period
    Abstract: The present volume containing the dissertation of Dorion Cairns is the first part of a comprehensive edition of the philosophical papers of one of the foremost disseminators and interpreters of Husserlian phenomenology in North-America.Based on his intimate knowledge of Husserl’s published writings and unpublished manuscripts and on the many conversations and discussions he had with Husserl and Fink during his stay in Freiburg i. Br. in 1931-1932. Cairns’s dissertation is a comprehensive exposition of the methodological foundations and the concrete phenomenological analyses of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. The lucidity and precision of Cairns’s presentation is remarkable and demonstrates the secure grasp he had of Husserl’s philosophical intentions and phenomenological distinctions. Starting from the phenomenological reduction and Husserl’s Idea of Philosophy, Cairns proceeds with a detailed analysis of intentionality and the intentional structures of consciousness. In its scope and in the depth and nuance of its understanding, Cairns’s dissertation belongs beside the writings on Husserl by Levinas and Fink from the same period.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl; Editorial Foreword; Preface; Summary6; Contents; Chapter 1: The Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction: Husserl's Concept of the Idea of Philosophy; Appendix; Chapter 2: General Nature of Intentionality; Chapter 3: General Structure of the Act-Correlate*; Chapter 4: Thetic Quality; Chapter 5: Act-Horizon; Chapter 6: Founded Structures; Chapter 7: Direct and Indirect, Impressional and Reproductive, Consciousness; Chapter 8: Evidence; Chapter 9: Fulfilment; Chapter 10: Pure Possibility; Chapter 11: Recapitulation and Program
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 12: The Egological ReductionChapter 13: Primordial Sense-Perception; Chapter 14: Primordial Sense-Perception (Continued); Chapter 15: The Founding Strata of Primordial Sense-Perception; Chapter 16: The Constitution of Immanent Objects, and the General Nature of Association; Chapter 17: Spontaneity in General Attention; Chapter 18: Doxic Explication; Chapter 19: The Ego-Aspect of Evidence and the Evidence of Reflection; Chapter 20: Syntactical Acts and Syntactical Objects; Chapter 21: The Eidos and the Apriori; Chapter 22: Value Objects and Practical Objects
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 23: Conceptualization and ExpressionChapter 24: The Transcendental Ego; Chapter 25: The Transcendental Monad; Chapter 26: The Other Mind and the Intersubjective World; Chapter 27: Conclusion; Index;
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction: Husserl's concept of the Idea of Philosophy -- a. Appendix to Chapter 1 -- 2. General Nature of Intentionality -- 3. General Structure of the Act-Correlate -- 4. Thetic Quality -- 5. Act-Horizon -- 6. Founded Structures -- 7. Direct and Indirect, Impressional and Reproductive, Consciousness -- 8. Evidence -- 9. Fulfilment -- 10. Pure Possibility -- 11. Recapitulation and Program. 12. The Egological Reduction -- 13. Primordial Sense-Perception.-  14. Primordial Sense-Perception (Continued) -- 15. The Founding Strata of Primordial Sense-Perception -- 16. The Constitution of Immanent Objects, and the General Nature of Association.-  17. Spontaneity in General Attention -- 18. Doxic Explication -- 19. The Ego-Aspect of Evidence and the Evidence of Reflection -- 20. Syntactical Acts and Syntactical Objects -- 21. The Eidos and the Apriori -- 22. Value Objects and Practical Objects.-  23. Conceptualization and Expression.-  24. The Transcendental Ego.-  25. The Transcendental Monad -- 26. The Other Mind and the Intersubjective World -- 27. Conclusion.​.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781402031564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 85
    DDC: 179.7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Bioethical Issues ; Catholicism ; Personhood ; Philosophy, Medical ; Religion and Medicine ; Right to Die ethics ; Beginning of Human Life ethics ; Menschenwürde ; Lebensschutz
    Abstract: "The Edge of Life: Human Dignity and Contemporary Bioethics resituates bioethics in fundamental outlook by challenging both the dominant Kantian and utilitarian approaches to evaluating how new technologies apply to human life. Drawing on an analysis of the dignity of the human person, both as an agent and as the recipient of action, The Edge of Life presents a ""theoretical"" approach to the problems of contemporary bioethics and applies this approach to various disputed questions. Should conjoined twins be split, if the division will end the life of the weaker twin? Was Bush's stem cell research decision morally acceptable? Are the 'quality of life' and 'sanctity of life' ethics irreconcilably incompatible? Accessible to both scholars and students, The Edge of Life focuses particularly on the controversial issues surrounding the beginning and ending of human life, tackling some of the toughest practical questions of bioethics including new reproductive technologies (artificial wombs), stem cell research, abortion and physician assisted suicide, as well as many of its vexing theoretical disputes."
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; When Does a Human Being Become a Person?; All Human Beings are Persons; How is the Dignity of the Person as Agent Recognized?; An Ethical Assessment of Bush's Guidelines for Stem Cell Research; Moral Absolutism and Ectopic Pregnancy; Could Artificial Wombs End the Abortion Debate?; Solomon's Dilemma; Capital Punishment and the Catholic Tradition
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401009737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: An important collection of studies providing a fresh and original perspective on the nature of mind, including thoughtful and detailed arguments that explain why the prevailing paradigm - the computational conception of language and mentality - can no longer be sustained. An alternative approach is advanced, inspired by the work of Charles S. Peirce, according to which minds are sign-using (or `semiotic') systems, which in turn generates distinctions between different kinds of minds and overcomes problems that burden more familiar alternatives. Unlike conceptions of minds as machines, this novel approach has obvious evolutionary implications, where differences in semiotic abilities tend to distinguish the species. From this point of view, the scope and limits of computer and AI systems can be more adequately appraised and alternative accounts of consciousness and cognition can be more thoroughly criticised. Readership: Intermediate and advanced students of computer science, AI, cognitive science, and all students of the philosophy of the mind
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401597531
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: While earlier research considered Simone de Beauvoir in the perspectives of Existentialism or Feminism, this work is the first to emphasize her reflective and descriptive approach and the full range of issues she addresses. There are valuable chapters and sections that are historical and/or comparative, but most of the contents of this work critically examine Beauvoir's views on old age (whereon she is the first phenomenologist to work), biology, gender, ethics, ethnicity (where she is among the first), and politics (again among the first). Besides their systematic as well as historical significance, these chapters show her philosophy as on a par with those of Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre in quality, richness and distinctiveness of problematics, and the penetration of her insight into collective as well as individual human life within the socio-historical world
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401594882
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 311 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self.
    Abstract: This volume is the first collection of original essays on the related issues of gender and feminism approached phenomenologically. Lived experience is gendered and especially women's experiences are not well reflected in ordinary language. To understand them, one must go beyond analyzing language and to the matters of gendered human life itself. The essays in this volume advance this investigation
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401594110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Temporality has been a central issue in phenomenology since its inception. Husserl's groundbreaking investigations of the consciousness of internal time early in the century inaugurated a phenomenological tradition enriched by such figures as Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Eugen Fink. The authors of the essays collected in this volume continue that tradition, challenging, expanding, and deepening it. Many of the essays explore topics involving the deepest levels of temporal constitution, including the relationship of temporality to the self and to the world; the ways in which temporalizing consciousness and what it temporalizes present themselves; and the roles and nature of present, past, and future. Other essays develop original positions concerning history, tradition, narrative, the time of generations, the coherence of one's life, and the place of time in the visual arts. In every instance, the authors show how invaluable phenomenology is for the investigation of time's many faces
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401726061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 213 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political philosophy. ; Phenomenology ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of phenomenological investigations of the political domain. The essays analyze basic concepts such as action, community, and the relation of the political to the ethical, investigate fundamental issues such as the nation-state, leadership, sovereignty, and responsibility, and they examine the convergence of these matters as exemplified in racial discrimination. The volume also includes discussions of the often-neglected work of such important contributors to this field as Alfred Schutz and Paul Ricoeur
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: Timed for the centennial of Alfred Schutz (1899-1999), this set of original essays documents the continuing relevance of his thought in economics, geography, sociology, philosophy, and political science, and indicates the continuing interest in his thought in East Asia, Western Europe, and North America. The authors of these essays are leading authorities in their countries and disciplines. Schutz is the pre-eminent phenomenological philosopher of the social sciences. New materials from his Nachlaß concerning barriers to equality of opportunity, including a report co-authored with the political scientist Harold Lasswell are also included
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401152501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (393p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 270
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is the definitive version of a widely discussed debate over the origins of the New Theory of Reference. In new articles written especially for this volume, Quentin Smith and Scott Soames, the original participants in the debate, elaborate their positions on who was responsible for the ideas that Saul Kripke presented in his Naming and Necessity. They are joined by John Burgess, who weighs in on the side of Soames, while Smith adds a further dimension in discussing the contributions of philosophers such as Føllesdal, Geach, Hintikka, and Plantinga. Also included are lengthy excerpts from Føllesdal's 1961 Harvard dissertation and a careful examination by Sten Lindström of the respective contributions of Kripke and Stig Kanger to the development of modal semantics. The collection will be essential reading for anyone acquainted with these influential ideas
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401590426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 270 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Using outlines and scattered passages of relevance, this work includes first of all a construction of the work Schutz did not but was clearly prepared to write on how authors and audiences relate to one another in lyric poetry, drama, and the novel. This construction shows how Schutz anticipated reader-response theory and provides a basis not only for his theory of literature but also - along with his writings on music - for his theory of art. In addition, this work contains essays commenting on the construction by Ilja Srubar, Michael McDuffie, Martin Endreß, Hisashi Nasu, and Fred Kersten, and works developing aspects of Schutz's account further by Lewis Gordon, Daniel Cefaï, Stanford Lyman, George Psathas, and Michael Barger
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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401726085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Although a key aspect of the phenomenological movement is its contribution to value theory (axiology) and value perception (almost all the major figures devoted a great part of their labors to these topics), there has been relatively little attention paid to these themes. This volume in part makes up for this lacuna by being the first anthology on value-theory in the phenomenological movement. It indicates the scope of the issues by discussing, e.g., the distinctive acts of valuing, openness to value, the objectivity of values, the summation and combination of values, the deconstruction of values, the value of absence, and the value of nature. It also contains discussions of most of the major representative figures not only in their own right but also in relationship to one another: Von Ehrenfels, Brentano, Scheler, Hartmann, Husserl, Heidegger, Schutz, and Derrida
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401588812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 765 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Phenomenology presents phenomenological thought and the phenomenological movement within philosophy and within more than a score of other disciplines on a level accessible to professional colleagues of other orientations as well as to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Entries average 3,000 words. In practically all cases, they include lists of works `For Further Study'. The Introduction briefly chronicles the changing phenomenological agenda and compares phenomenology with other 20th Century movements. The 166 entries are about matters of seven sorts: the four broad tendencies and periods within the phenomenological movement; twenty-three national traditions of phenomenology; twenty-two philosophical sub-disciplines, including those referred to with the formula `the philosophy of x'; phenomenological tendencies within twenty-one non-philosophical disciplines; forty major phenomenological topics; twenty-eight leading phenomenological figures; and twenty-seven non-phenomenological figures and movements of interesting similarities and differences with phenomenology. Concerning persons, years of birth and death are given upon first mention in an entry of the names of deceased non-phenomenologists. The names of persons believed to be phenomenologists and also, for cross-referencing purposes, the titles of other entries are printed entirely in SMALL CAPITAL letters, also upon first mention. In addition, all words thus occurring in all small capital letters are listed in the index with the numbers of all pages on which they occur. To facilitate indexing, Chinese, Hungarian and Japanese names have been re-arranged so that the personal name precedes the family name. Concerning works referred to, the complete titles of books and articles are given in the original language or in a transliteration into Roman script, followed by literalistic translations and the year of original publication in parentheses or, where the date of composition is substantially earlier than that of publication, by the year of composition between brackets
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 265 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy of nature
    Abstract: There is an almost inverse proportion between the influence that Husserl's Ideas II exercised on important philosophical developments in this century and the attention it has received in secondary literature. Ideas II is divided into three sections dealing with the constitution of material nature, the constitution of animal nature, and that of spiritual nature. The essays in this volume deal with various aspects of all three of these sections. The starting point of an essay is often a passage from the Husserlian text, yet each essay goes beyond the text, addressing the issues raised by Husserl's analyses
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789401117937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 458 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical optimization
    Abstract: Among the most important problems confronting computer science is that of developing a paradigm appropriate to the discipline. Proponents of formal methods - such as John McCarthy, C.A.R. Hoare, and Edgar Dijkstra - have advanced the position that computing is a mathematical activity and that computer science should model itself after mathematics. Opponents of formal methods - by contrast, suggest that programming is the activity which is fundamental to computer science and that there are important differences that distinguish it from mathematics, which therefore cannot provide a suitable paradigm. Disagreement over the place of formal methods in computer science has recently arisen in the form of renewed interest in the nature and capacity of program verification as a method for establishing the reliability of software systems. A paper that appeared in Communications of the ACM entitled, `Program Verification: The Very Idea', by James H. Fetzer triggered an extended debate that has been discussed in several journals and that has endured for several years, engaging the interest of computer scientists (both theoretical and applied) and of other thinkers from a wide range of backgrounds who want to understand computer science as a domain of inquiry. The editors of this collection have brought together many of the most interesting and important studies that contribute to answering questions about the nature and the limits of computer science. These include early papers advocating the mathematical paradigm by McCarthy, Naur, R. Floyd, and Hoare (in Part I), others that elaborate the paradigm by Hoare, Meyer, Naur, and Scherlis and Scott (in Part II), challenges, limits and alternatives explored by C. Floyd, Smith, Blum, and Naur (in Part III), and recent work focusing on formal verification by DeMillo, Lipton, and Perlis, Fetzer, Cohn, and Colburn (in Part IV). It provides essential resources for further study. This volume will appeal to scientists, philosophers, and laypersons who want to understand the theoretical foundations of computer science and be appropriately positioned to evaluate the scope and limits of the discipline
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401582186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 12
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume has been developed from the first extensive meeting of Japanese and Western phenomenologists, which was sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and the Phenomenological Association of Japan and held in Sanda City. Chiefly philosophical and chiefly concerned with Husserl's thought, it also shows links with several human sciences and such figures as Wilhelm Dilthey, Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler, Alfred Schutz, and well as with Zen and the Japanese tradition in phenomenology, which is second only to the German in age and has recently blossomed anew. Further such meetings have occurred and are planning, building upon this foundation
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401118262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 343 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 147
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 147
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: An idea of the philosophy of archaeology can best be gained by showing what it is, what the issues are, who is working in the field, and how they proceed. Reading Lester Embree's Metaarchaeology provides the best possible introduction to the field, since in it several leading archaeologists show how accessible and interesting the current archeological literature is, and currently active philosophers of archaeology reveal something of the current state of discussion on the subject. Bibliographies have also been developed of the philosophy of archaeology as well as of selected parts of the component that can be called metaarchaeology. Finally, an historical introduction has been included to show the variety of metascientific as well as orientational standpoints that philosophers of archaeology have had recourse to for over two decades, followed by speculation about the future of the discipline within the philosophy of science
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  • 17
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401734257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401126229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 303 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology 9
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Idea of Science in Husserl and the Tradition -- 2. Comments on Henry Margenau’s ‘Phenomenology and Physics’ -- 3. Life-World as Built World -- 4. Indirect Mathematization in the Physical Sciences -- 5. Of Exact and Inexact Essences in Modern Physical Science -- 6. Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Natural Sciences -- 7. Parts, Wholes and the Forms of Life: Husserl and the New Biology -- 8. Critical Realism and the Scientific Realism Debate -- 9. Realism and Idealism in the Kuhnian Account of Science -- 10. The New Relevance of Experiment: A Postmodern Problem -- 11. The Problem of Experimentation -- 12. Toward a Hermeneutic Theory of the History of the Natural Sciences -- Bibliography of Phenomenological Philosophy of Natural Science -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
    Abstract: Contemporaryphilosophyseems a great swirling almost chaos. Every situation must seem so at the time, probably because philosophy itself resists structura­ tion and because personal and political factors within as well as without the discipline must fade in order for the genuinely philosophical merits of performances to be assessed. Nevertheless, some remarks can still be made to situate the present volume. For example, at least half of philosophy on planet Earth is today pursued in North America (which is not to say that this portion is any less internally incoherent than the whole of which it thus becomes the largest part) and the present volume is North American. (Incidentally, the recognition of culturally geographic traditions and tendencies nowise implies that striving for cross-culturalif not trans-cultural philosophical validity has failed or ceased. Rather, it merely recognizes a significant aspect relevant from the historical point of view.) Episte- Aesthetics Ethics Etc. mology Analytic Philosophy Marxism Existentialism Etc. Figure 1. There are two main ways in which philosophical developments are classified. One is in terms of tendencies, movements, and schools of thought and the other is in terms of traditional sub-disciplines. When there is little contention among schools, the predominant way is in terms of sub-disciplines, such as aesthetics, ethics, politics, etc. Today this mode of classification can be seen to intersect with that in terms of movements and tendencies, both of which are represented in the above chart.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Connectionism and Three Levels of Nativism -- I / Concepts and Content -- Explanation and the Language of Thought -- Conceptual Dependency as the Language of Thought -- Functionalism and Inverted Spectra -- Concepts and Conceptual Change -- Beyond the Exclusively Propositional Era -- II / Semantics and Knowledge -- Can Semantics by Syntactic? -- Form and Content in Semantics -- Knowledge and the Regularity Theory of Information -- Melancholic Epistemology -- Human Understanding -- Epilogue -- Framing the Frame Problem -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interest from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental powers of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimen­ tal, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume reflects the kind of insights that can be obtained when research workers in philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science explore problems of common concern. The issues here tend to fall into two broad but varied sets, namely: those concerned with content and concepts, on the one hand, and those concerned with semantics and epistemology, on the other. The collection begins with a prologue that focuses upon the relations between connectionism and alternative conceptions of nativism and ends with an epilogue that examines the significance of alternative conceptions of the Frame Problem for artificial intelligence. Because these papers are rich and diverse, they ought to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous audience. J.H.F.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400920255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Medicine, History, and Culture -- Knowledge and Practice in European Medicine: The Case of Infectious Diseases -- Frames of Reference and the Growth of Medical Knowledge: L.Fleck and M.Foucault -- Medical Knowledge and Medical Action: Competing visions -- Section II / Philosophy of Science and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Function and Value of Medical Knowledge in Modern Diseases -- The Growth of Medical Knowledge: An Epistemological Exploration -- The Development of Population Research on Causes of Death: Growth of Knowledge or Accumulation of Data? -- Comments on Wulff’s, Thung’s, and Lindahl’s Essays on The Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Section III / Image of Man and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Medicine, Anthropology, and the Human Body -- Invulnerability and Medicine’s “Promise” of Immortality: Changing Images of the Human Body During the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Values and the Growth of Medical Knowledge -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The growth of knowledge and its effects on the practice of medicine have been issues of philosophical and ethical interest for several decades and will remain so for many years to come. The outline of the present volume was conceived nearly three years ago. In 1987, a conference on this theme was held in Maastricht, the Netherlands, on the occasion of the founding of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care (ESPMH). Most of the chapters of this book are derived from papers presented at that meeting, and for the purpose of editing the book Stuart Spicker, Ph. D. , joined two founding members of ESPMH, Henk ten Have and Gerrit Kimsma. The three of them successfully brought together a number of interesting contribu­ tions to the theme, and ESPMH is grateful and proud to have initiated the production of this volume. The Society intends that annual meetings be held in different European countries on a rotating basis and to publish volumes related to these meetings whenever feasible. In 1988, the second conference was held in Aarhus, Denmark on "Values in Medical Decision Making and Resource Allocation in Health Care". In 1989, a meeting was held in Czestochowa, Poland, on "European Traditions in Philosophy of Medicine. From Brentano to Bieganski". It is hoped that these conferences and the books to be derived from them, will initiate a new European tradition, lasting well into the 21 st century! P. J.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789400918825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (468p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education Philosophy ; Humanities ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Cognitive Inquiry and the Philosophy of Mind -- Prologue: What is Mind? -- Current Issues in the Philosophy of Mind -- I: Computational Conceptions -- Machines and the Mental -- What’s in a Mind? -- II: Connectionist Conceptions -- Connectionism, Eliminativism, and the Future of Folk Psychology -- On the Proper Treatment of Connectionism -- III: Representational Conceptions -- Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Cognitive Science and the Problem of Semantic -- IV: Mentality and Intentionally -- The Primacy of the Intention -- Intentionality and Its Place in Nature -- V: Epistemology and Cognition -- Why Reason Can’t Be Naturalized -- The Relation Between Epistemology and Psychology -- VI: The Mental and the Physical -- Two Versions of the Identity Theory -- A Bridge Between Cognitive Science and Neuroscience: The Functional Architecture of Mind -- Epilogue: Conflicting Conceptions -- Language and Mentality: Computational, Representational, and Dispositional Conceptions -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human. (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. No problem within the field of cognitive inquiry is more difficult than that of developing an adequate conception of the nature of mind and of its mode of operation. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the pursuit of this objective by bringing together a repre­ sentative cross-section of the principal approaches and the primary players who are engaged in contemporary debate on these crucial issues. The book begins with a comprehensive introduction composed by David Cole, the senior editor of this work, which provides a background for understanding the major problems and alternative solutions, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these issues, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F. David J. Cole et at. (eds. ), Philosophy, Mind, and Cognitive Inquiry, ix.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400919006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: I: Metamentality -- 1. What is Artificial Intelligence? -- 2. Symbol Systems and Semiotic Systems -- 3. Theories of Language and Mentality -- II: Knowledge and Expertise -- 4. The Nature of Knowledge -- 5. Varieties of Knowledge -- 6. Expert Systems -- III: Representation and Verification -- 7. Knowledge Representation -- 8. Program Verification -- 9. Minds, Bodies, and Machines -- References -- Numbered Definitions -- List of Figures -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psycholo­ gy through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial in­ telligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these prob­ lems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The perspective that prevails in artificial intelligence today suggests that the theory of computability defines the boundaries of the nature of thought, precisely because all thinking is computational. This paradigm draws its inspiration from the symbol-system hypothesis of Newell and Simon and finds its culmination in the computational conception of lan­ guage and mentality. The "standard conception" represented by these views is subjected to a thorough and sustained critique in the pages of this book. Employing a distinction between systems for which signs are signif­ icant for the users of a system and others for which signs are significant for use by a system, I have sought to define the boundaries of what AI, in principle, may be expected to achieve.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789400927056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Human Experimentation and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- The Search for Universality in the Ethics of Human Research: Andrew C. Ivy, Henry K. Beecher, and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- Section II / The Development in Medicine of the Imperative to Conduct Research with Human Subjects: an Historical Analysis -- Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research -- Reflections on the History of Human Experimentation -- Comparative Models and Goals for the Regulation of Human Research -- Moral Appropriateness in Human Research -- Public Control over Biomedical Experiments Involving Human Beings: An Israeli Perspective -- Section III / Ethical and Epistemological Issues in Randomized Clinical Trials -- Diagnosing Well and Treating Prudently: Randomized Clinical Trials and the Problem of Knowing Truly -- Research Risks, Randomization, and Risks to Research: Reflections on the Prudential Use of “Pilot” Trials -- Epistemological Presuppositions Involved in the Programs of Human Research -- At What Level of Statistical Certainty Ought a Random Clinical Trial to be Interrupted? -- Comment on Michael Ruse’s Essay -- Section IV / Obligations and the Avoidance of Injury -- Is There an Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research? -- Physicians Experimenting on Themselves: Some Ethical and Philosophical Considerations -- Protection of Human Subjects: Remedies for Injury -- Israel Health Regulations: Experiments on Human Subjects - 1980 -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume, which has developed from the Fourteenth Trans­ Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, September 5-8, 1982, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, contains the contributions of a group of distinguished scholars who together examine the ethical issues raised by the advance of biomedical science and technology. We are, of course, still at the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of human biology; scientific medicine and clinical research are scarcely one hundred years old. Both the sciences and the technology of medicine until ten or fifteen years ago had the feeling of the 19th century about them; we sense that they belonged to an older time; that era is ending. The next twenty-five to fifty years of investigative work belong to neurobiology, genetics, and reproductive biology. The technologies of information processing and imaging will make diagnosis and treatment almost incomprehensible by my generation of physicians. Our science and technology will become so powerful that we shall require all of the art and wisdom we can muster to be sure that they remain dedicated, as Francis Bacon hoped four centuries ago, "to the uses of life." It is well that, as philosophers and physicians, we grapple with the issues now when they are relatively simple, and while the pace of change is relatively slow. We require a strategy for the future; that strategy must be worked out by scientists, philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, and, I should like to add, artists and poets.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: Prologue -- The Semantics of Clocks -- I / Ontological Foundations -- The Pseudorealization Fallacy and the Chinese Room Argument -- In Praise of Narrow Minds: The Frame Problem -- Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding -- Signs and Minds: An Introduction to the Theory of Semiotic Systems -- Logic for the New AI -- II / Epistemological Dimensions -- Artificial Intelligence is Philosophy -- Artificial Intelligence as an Experimental Science -- Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog -- When is Reasoning Nonmonotonic? -- Artificial Intelligence and Effective Epistemology -- Maintaining an Inductive Database -- Epilogue -- Automating Creativity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subject.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta­ tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400927278
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Philosophy and Natural-Language Processing -- Prologue: Modes of Meaning -- Utterer’s Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning -- I: Formal Syntax of Natural Language -- Footlose and Context-Free -- Evidence Against the Context-Freeness of Natural Language -- II: Semantic Aspects of Natural Language -- Truth and Meaning -- Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- III: Connecting Syntax with Semantics -- The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English -- Phrase Structure Grammar -- IV: Natural Language and Logical Form -- Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical Problems, I -- Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- V: Possible-Worlds and Situation Semantics -- From Worlds to Situations -- Possible Worlds and Situations -- Epilogue: From Semantics to Pragmatics -- Semantics versus Pragmatics -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi­ losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio­ biology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemologi­ cal aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. Among the most challenging and difficult projects within the scope of artificial intelligence is the development and implementation of com­ puter programs suitable for processing natural language. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics. The book begins with a comprehensive introduc­ tion composed by Jack Kulas, the senior editor of this work, which pro­ vides a systematic orientation to this complex field, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these problems, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400939974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 192
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Dynamic Rationality: Propensity, Probability, and Credence -- I: Probability, Causality, and Modality -- Hume’s Refutation of Inductive Probabilism -- An Adamite Derivation of the Principles of the Calculus of Probability -- Probability, Possibility, and Plenitude -- Probabilistic Metaphysics -- Probabilistic Theories of Causation -- Conditional Chance -- II: Probability, Causality, and Decision -- How to Tell a Common Cause: Generalizations of the Conjunctive Fork Criterion -- Probabilistic Causal Interaction and Disjunctive Causal Factors -- The Principle of the Common Cause -- On Raising the Chances of Effects -- How to Probabilize a Newcomb Problem -- Non-Nietzschean Decision Making -- Epilogue -- Publications: An Annotated Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The contributions to this special collection concern issues and problems discussed in or related to the work of Wesley C. Salmon. Salmon has long been noted for his important work in the philosophy of science, which has included research on the interpretation of probability, the nature of explanation, the character of reasoning, the justification of induction, the structure of space/time and the paradoxes of Zeno, to mention only some of the most prominent. During a time of increasing preoccupation with historical and sociological approaches to under­ standing science (which characterize scientific developments as though they could be adequately analysed from the perspective of political movements, even mistaking the phenomena of conversion for the rational appraisal of scientific theories), Salmon has remained stead­ fastly devoted to isolating and justifying those normative standards distinguishing science from non-science - especially through the vindi­ cation of general principles of scientific procedure and the validation of specific examples of scientific theories - without which science itself cannot be (even remotely) adequately understood. In this respect, Salmon exemplifies and strengthens a splendid tradi­ tion whose most remarkable representatives include Hans Reichenbach, Rudolf Carnap and Carl G. Hempel, all of whom exerted a profound influence upon his own development.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400933910
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 25
    DDC: 618.97
    Keywords: Medicine ; Ethics ; Geriatrics ; Aging Research
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 180
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Gene-Culture Coevolution: Humankind in the Making -- I. Sociobiological Conceptions -- Sociobiology and the Information Metaphor -- Phenotypic Plasticity, Cultural Transmission, and Human Sociobiology -- Sociobiology and Human Culture -- Evolutionary Biology, Human Nature, and Knowledge -- Love and Morality: The Possibility of Altruism -- II. Epistemological Reflections -- Biological Reductionism and Genic Selectionism -- Adaptationalist Imperatives and Panglossian Paradigms -- Methodological Behaviorism, Evolution, and Game Theory -- Sociobiological Explanation and the Testability of Sociobiological Theory -- Science and Sociobiology -- Epilogue -- Evolutionary Epistemology: Can Sociobiology Help? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers presented in this special collection focus upon conceptual, the­ oretical and epistemological aspects of sociobiology, an emerging discipline that deals with the extent to which genetic factors influence or control patterns of behavior as well as the extent to which patterns of behavior, in turn, influence or control genetic evolution. The Prologue advances a compre­ hensive acco/unt of the field of gene-culture co-evolution, where Lumsden and Gushurst differentiate between "classical" sociobiology (represented especially by Wilson's early work) and current research on human socio­ biology (represented by Lumsden and Wilson's later work), which emphasizes interplay between genes, minds, and culture. The specter of genetic deter­ minism, no doubt, has created considerable controversy, some of which may be laid to rest by Hanna's analysis of the (ambiguous) notion of a "genetic program", which indicates the necessity for distinguishing between descriptive and prescriptive dimensions of this complex concept. Brandon offers a framework for assessing the respective contributions of nature and of nurture by advancing a means for measuring genetic and cultural influences upon "inheritance", which supports the conclusion that evolving patterns of behavior do not always maximize inclusive fitness, contrary to what socio­ biologists have claimed. The influence of culture upon genetic evolution, of course, can be adequately appraised only when a suitable account of culture itself has been found, a desideratum Smillie attempts to satisfy by utilizing the notion of "cinfo" as culturally transmitted ecological informa­ tion, a resource other species tend not to exploit.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789400977235
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: Section I / The Physician as Moral Arbiter -- The Physician as a Moral Force in American History -- The Physician as Moral Arbiter -- Section II / The Costs of New Knowledge -- Moral Issues Relating to the Economics of New Knowledge in the Biomedical Sciences -- Only the Best is Good Enough? -- Section III / Costs, Benefits, and the Responsibilities of Medical Science -- Morality and the Social Control of Biomedical Technology -- Rights and Responsibilities in Medical Science -- Health, Justice, and Responsibility -- Section IV / Biomedical Knowledge: Libertarian vs. Socialist Models -- The Need to Know: Utilitarian and Esthetic Values of Biomedical Science -- Medical Knowledge as a Social Product: Rights, Risks, and Responsibilities -- Biomedical Knowledge: Progress and Priorities -- Section V / Biomedical Ethics and Advances in Biomedical Science -- Applying Morality to Advances in Biomedicine: Can and Should This be Done? -- Biomedicine, Health Care Policy, and the Adequacy of Ethical Theory -- Section VI / Conclusions and Reflections: Present and Future Problems -- Why New Technology is More Problematic than Old Technology -- The Uses of Biomedical Knowledge: The End of the Era of Optimism? -- The Best is Yet to Come -- Scientific Advance, Technological Development, and Society -- The Life-World and the Patient’s Expectations of New Knowledge -- Epilogue -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The spectacular development of medical knowledge over the last two centuries has brought intrusive advances in the capabilities of medical technology. These advances have been remarkable over the last century, but especially over the last few decades, culminating in such high technology interventions as heart transplants and renal dialysis. These increases in medical powers have attracted societal interest in acquiring more such knowledge. They have also spawned concerns regarding the use of human subjects in research and regarding the byproducts of basic research as in the recent recombinant DNA debate. As a consequence of the development of new biomedical knowledge, physicians and biomedical scientists have been placed in positions of new power and responsibility. The emergence of this group of powerful and knowledgeable experts has occasioned debates regarding the accountability of physicians and biomedical scientists. But beyond that, the very investment of resources in the acquisition of new knowledge has been questioned. Societies must decide whether finite resources would not be better invested at this juncture, or in general, in the alleviation of the problems of hunger or in raising general health standards through interventions which are less dependent on the intensive use of high technology. To put issues in this fashion touches on philosophical notions concerning the claims of distributive justice and the ownership of biomedical knowledge.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400984073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / The Physician’s and Researcher’s Mandate from Society: Biomedical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations -- Introductory Comments -- Clinical Intuition: A Procedure for Balancing the Rights of Patients and the Responsibilities of Physicians -- Physicians and Society: Tribulations of Power and Responsibility -- Clinical Investigations in Developing Countries: Legal and Regulatory Issues in the Promotion of Research and the Protection of Human Rights -- Federal Regulation of Medicine and Biomedical Research: Power, Authority and Legitimacy -- Section II / Causation and Responsibility: Science, Medicine and the Law -- Causation and Responsibility: Medicine, Science and the Law -- Relevant Causes: Their Designation in Medicine and Law -- Time, Law and Responsibility: Additional Thoughts on Causality -- Section III / The Psychiatrist’s Dilemma: Duty to Patient or Duty to Society? -- Psychotherapeutic Discretion and Judicial Decision: A Case of Enigmatic Justice -- The Morality of Involuntary Hospitalization -- Duty to the Patient or Society: Reflections on the Psychiatrist’s Dilemma -- Section IV / Decision Making at the Beginning of Life: Medicine, Ethics and the Law -- The Bearing of Prognosis on the Ethics of Medicine: Congenital Anomalies, the Social Context and the Law -- Substantive Criteria and Procedures in Withholding Care from Defective Newborns -- Is Existence Ever an Injury?: The Wrongful Life Cases -- Wrongful Life: A Reply to Angela Holder -- Section V / Round Table Discussion — Legal Rights and Moral Responsibilities in the Health Care Process -- Physician, Patient and Malpractice: An Historical Perspective -- The Concept of a Right Ordering -- The Function of Legal Rights in the Health Care Setting -- The Child-Patient: Do Parents have the ‘Right to Decide’? -- Legal Rights and Moral Responsibilities in the Health Care Process -- Closing Remarks -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume is a contribution to the continuing interaction between law and medicine. Problems arising from this interaction have been addressed, in part, by previous volumes in this series. In fact, one such problem constitutes the central focus of Volume 5, Mental Illness: Law and Public Policy [1]. The present volume joins other volumes in this series in offering an exploration and critical analysis of concepts and values underlying health care. In this volume, however, we look as well at some of the general questions occasioned by the law's relation with medicine. We do so out of a conviction that medi­ cine and the law must be understood as the human creations they are, reflect­ ing important, wide-ranging, but often unaddressed aspects of the nature of the human condition. It is only by such philosophical analysis of the nature of the conceptual foundations of the health care professions and of the legal profession that we will be able to judge whether these professions do indeed serve our best interests. Such philosophical explorations are required for the public policy decisions that will be pressed upon us through the increasing complexity of health care and of the law's response to new and changing circumstances. As a consequence, this volume attends as much to issues in public policy as in the law. The law is, after all, the creature of human deci­ sions concerning prudent public policy and basic human rights and goods.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400985582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (339p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 69
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 69
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Causation -- 1. The Knowledge Context Kzt -- 2. The Language Framework:L or L?? -- 3. Syntax. Semantics, and Ontology -- II: Explanation -- 4. Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance -- 5. A Single Case Theory of Causal Explanation -- 6. The Dispositional Construction of Theories -- III: Corroboration -- 7. The Justification of Induction -- 8. Confirmation and Corroboration -- 9. Acceptance and Rejection Rules -- 10. Rationality and Fallibility -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: With this defense of intensional realism as a philosophical foundation for understanding scientific procedures and grounding scientific knowledge, James Fetzer provides a systematic alternative to much of recent work on scientific theory. To Fetzer, the current state of understanding the 'laws' of nature, or the 'law-like' statements of scientific theories, appears to be one of philosophical defeat; and he is determined to overcome that defeat. Based upon his incisive advocacy of the single-case propensity interpretation of probability, Fetzer develops a coherent structure within which the central problems of the philosophy of science find their solutions. Whether the reader accepts the author's contentions may, in the end, depend upon ancient choices in the interpretation of experience and explanation, but there can be little doubt of Fetzer's spirited competence in arguing for setting ontology before epistemology, and within the analysis of language. To us, Fetzer's ambition is appealing, fusing, as he says, the substantive commitment of the Popperian with the conscientious sensitivity of the Hempelian to the technical precision required for justified explication. To Fetzer, science is the objective pursuit of fallible general knowledge. This innocent character­ ization, which we suppose most scientists would welcome, receives a most careful elaboration in this book; it will demand equally careful critical con­ sideration. Center for the Philosophy and ROBERT S. COHEN History of Science, MARX W. WARTOFSKY Boston University October 1981 v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE v FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PART I: CAUSATION 1.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789400993990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Intuitions, Hunches, and Rules for Reasoning -- Clinical Judgment -- Human Factors in Clinical Judgment: Discussion of Scriven’s ‘Clinical Judgment’ -- The Art and Science of Clinical Judgment: An Informational Approach -- When Does a Diagnosis Become a Clinical Judgment? Verifiability, Reliability and Umbrella Effects in Diagnosis -- Section II / The Logic of Health Care -- Classification and Its Alternatives -- Comments on Murphy’s ‘Classification and Its Alternatives’ -- Simulating Clinical Judgment: An Essay in Technological Psychology -- A Clinician’s Quest for Certainty -- A Reply to Ernan McMullin -- The Logic of Clinical Judgment: Bayesian and Other Approaches -- Suppes on the Logic of Clinical Judgment -- Section III / Clinicians on Clinical Judgment -- The Anatomy of Clinical Judgments: Some Notes on Right Reason and Right Action -- Comments on Pellegrino’s ‘Anatomy of Clinical Judgment’ -- The Subjective in Clinical Judgment -- Subjectivity and the Scope of Clinical Judgment -- Section IV / Judgment and Methods in Clinical Judgment -- Round Table Discussion -- Round Table Discussion -- Round Table Discussion -- Round Table Discussion -- Round Table Discussion -- Closing Remarks -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Over a period of a year, the symposium on clinical judgment has taken shape as a volume devoted to the analysis of how knowledge claims are framed in medicine and how choices of treatment are made. We hope it will afford the reader, whether layman, physician or philosopher, a useful perspective on the process of knowing what occurs in medicine; and that the results of the dis­ cussions at the Fifth Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine will lead to a better understanding of how philosophy and medicine can usefully challenge each other. As the interchange between physicians, philosophers, nurses and psychologists recorded in the major papers, the commentaries and the round table discussion shows, these issues are truly interdisciplinary. In particular, they have shown that members of the health care professions have much to learn about themselves from philosophers as well as much of interest to engage philosophers. By making the structure of medical reasoning more apparent to its users, philosophers can show health care practitioners how better to master clinical judgment and how better to focus it towards the goods and values medicine wishes to pursue. Becoming clearer about the process of knowing can in short teach us how to know better and how to learn more efficiently. The result can be more than (though it surely would be enough!) a powerful intellectual insight into a major cultural endeavor, medicine.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789400997837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (357p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Prometheus Unbound? A New World in the Making -- Section I / Humanity, History, and Medicine -- The System of Anthropina -- Philosophy and Medicine in Medieval and Renaissance Italy -- Care of the Healthy and the Sick from the Attending Physician’s Perspective: Envisioned and Actual (1977) -- The Conflict Between the Desire to Know and the Need to Care for the Patient -- The Execution of Euthanasia: The Right of the Dying to a Re-Formed Health Care Context -- Section II / Philosophy of Organism -- Teleology and Darwin’s The Origin of Species: Beyond Chance and Necessity? -- Individuals and Their Kinds: Aristotelian Foundations of Biology -- The Organism According to Process Philosophy -- Whitehead and Jonas: On Biological Organisms and Real Individuals -- The Redefinition of Death -- Section III/ Science, Infirmity, and Metaphysics -- Descartes and Mastery of Nature -- The Philosopher and the Scientist: Comments on the Perception of the Exact Sciences in the Work of Hans Jonas -- Life, Disease, and Death: A Metaphysical Viewpoint -- Ontology and the Body: A Reflection -- Intentionality and the Mind/Body Problem -- Epilogue -- Metaphor and the Ineffable: Illumination on “The Nobility of Sight” -- Bibliography of the Works of Hans Jonas -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This Festschrift is presented to Professor Hans Jonas on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday, as affirmation of the contributors' respect and admiration. As a volume in the series 'Philosophy and Medicine' the contributions not only reflect certain interests and pursuits of the scholar to whom it is dedi­ cated, but also serve to bring to convergence the interests of the contributors in the history of humanity and medicine, the theory of organism, medicine in the service of the patient's autonomy, and the metaphysical, i.e., phenome­ nological foundations of medicine. Notwithstanding the nature of such personal gifts as the authors' contributions (which, with the exception of the late Hannah Arendt's, appear here for the first time), the essays also transcend the personal and serve to elaborate specific themes and theses disclosed in the numerous writings of Hans Jonas. The editor owes a personal debt of gratitude to many, including Hannah Arendt, who offered their assistance during the preparation of the volume.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401569095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / American Legal Perspectives on Insanity: Some Roots in the Nineteenth Century -- American Medico-Legal Traditions and Concepts of Mental Health: The Nineteenth Century -- Philosophical Reflections in the Nineteenth Century Medicolegal Discussion -- Section II / Mental Illness and Mental Complaints: Some Conceptual Presuppositions -- How Much Neurosis Should We Bear? -- Psychic Health, Mental Clarity, Self-Knowledge and Other Virtues -- Models and Mental Illness -- Disease Viewed as a Symbolic Category -- Health and Disease: The Holistic Approach -- Section III / Phenomenological and Speculative Views of Mental Illness -- A Metabletic-Philosophical Evaluation of Mental Health -- Synchronism and Therapy -- Commemorative Remarks in Honor of Erwin W. Straus -- Bibliography of the Works of Erwin W. Straus -- Environments of the Mind -- Luminosity: The Unconscious in the Integrated Person -- Body, Mind, and Conditions of Novelty: Some Remarks on Leonard C. Feldstein’s Luminosity -- Section IV / Acting Freely and Acting in Good Health -- Motivational Disturbances and Free Will -- Towards an Understanding of Motivational Disturbance and Freedom of Action: Comments on ‘Motivational Disturbances and Free Will’ -- Section V / The Myth of Mental Illness: A Further Examination -- The Concept of Mental Illness: Explanation or Justification? -- Szasz on Mental Illness -- Section VI / Reappraising the Concepts of Mental Health and Disease -- H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. / Chairman’s Remarks -- Closing Reflections -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The concept 'health' is ambiguous [18,9, 11]. The concept 'mental health' is even more so. 'Health' compasses senses of well-being, wholeness, and sound­ ness that mean more than the simple freedom from illness - a fact appreci­ ated in the World Health Organization's definition of health as more than the absence of disease or infirmity [7]. The wide range of viewpoints of the con­ tributors to this volume attests to the scope of issues placed under the rubric 'mental health. ' These papers, presented at the Fourth Symposium on Philos­ ophy and Medicine, were written and discussed within a broad context of interests concerning mental health. Moreover, in their diversity these papers point to the many descriptive, evaluative, and, in fact, performative functions of statements concerning mental health. Before introducing the substance of these papers in any detail, I want to indicate the profound commerce between philosophical and psychological ideas in theories of mental health and disease. This will be done in part by a consideration of some conceptual developments in the history of psychiatry, as well as through an analysis of some of the functions of the notions of mental illness and health. 'Mental health' lays a special stress on the wholeness of human intuition, emotion, thought, and action.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401014731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 274 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Historical Foundations of Modern Neurology -- Varieties of Cartesian Experience in Early Nineteenth Century Neurophysiology -- Historical Development of the Concept of Hemispheric Cerebral Dominance -- Reflections on Our Condition: The Geography of Embodiment Comments on ‘Varieties of Cartesian Experience in Early Nineteenth Century Neurophysiology’ and ‘Historical Development of the Concept of Hemispheric Cerebral Dominance’ -- Section II / Philosophical Implications of Psychosurgery -- Persons and Psychosurgery -- Psychosurgery: What’s the Issue? Comments on ‘Persons and Psychosurgery’ -- Section III / Neural Integration and the Emergence of Consciousness -- Mind, It Does Matter -- Mind and Brain: The Embodied Person -- The Misleading Mediation of the Mental: Comments, on ‘Mind, It Does Matter’ and ‘Mind and Brain: The Embodied Person’ -- Section IV / The Causal Aspect of the Psycho-Physical Problem: Implications for Neuro-Medicine -- On the Power or Impotence of Subjectivity -- The Spurious Psyche-Soma Distinction: Comments on ‘On the Power or Impotence of Subjectivity’ -- Section V / Altered Affective Responses to Pain -- Pain and Unpleasantness -- Pain — The Existential Symptom -- The Evaluation of Pain Responses: A Need for Improved Measures -- Pain and Suffering: Comments on ‘Pain and Unpleasantness,’ ‘Pain — The Existential Symptom,’ and ‘The Evaluation of Pain Responses: A Need for Improved Measures’ -- Section VI / The Function of Philosophical Concepts in the Neuro-Medical Sciences -- Round-Table Discussion -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Although the investigation and regulation of the faculties of the human mind appear to be the proper and sole concern of philosophers, you see that they are in some part nevertheless so little foreign to the medical forum that while someone may deny that they are proper to the physician he cannot deny that physicians have the obliga­ tion to philosophize. Jerome Gaub, De regimine mentis, IV, 10 ([ 10], p. 40) The Second Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, whose principal theme was 'Philosophical Dimensions of the Neuro-Medical Sciences,' convened at the University of Connecticut Health Center at the invitation of Robert U. Massey, Dean of the School of Medicine, during May 15, 16, and 17, 1975. The Proceedings constitute this volume. At this Symposium we intended to realize sentiments which Sir John Eccles ex­ pressed as director of a Study Week of the Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, CiWl del Vaticano, in the fall of 1964: "Certainly when one comes to a [study] . . . devoted to brain and mind it is not possible to exclude relations with philosophy" ([5], p. viii). During that study week in 1964, a group of distinguished biomedical and behavioral scientists met under the director­ ship of Sir John C. Eccles to relate psychology to what Sir John called 'the Neurosciences. ' The purpose of that study week was to treat issues con­ cerning the functions of the brain and, in particular, to concentrate upon the relations between brain functions and consciousness.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789401017695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Value and Explanation: Historical Roots -- Some Basic Explanations of Disease: An Historian’s Viewpoint -- Diseases Versus Healths: Some Legacies in the Philosophies of Modern Medical Science -- Section II / Philosophy of Science in Transition to a Philosophy of Medicine -- Concepts of Function and Mechanism in Medicine and Medical Science (Hommage à Claude Bernard) -- Organs, Organisms and Disease: Human Ontology and Medical Practice -- Comments on “Concepts of Function and Mechanism in Medicine and Medical Science” and “Organs, Organisms and Disease” -- Section III / Ethics and Medicine -- How Virtues Become Vices: Values, Medicine and Social Context -- Moral Philosophy and Medical Perplexity: Comments on “How Virtues Become Vices” -- Section IV / Concepts in Medical Theory -- The Concepts of Health and Disease -- On Disease: Theories of Disease and the Ascription of Disease: Comments on “The Concepts of Health and Disease” -- Section V / Body and Self: Phenomenological Perspectives -- Context and Reflexivity: The Genealogy of Self -- Comments on “Context and Reflexivity” -- The Lived-Body as Catalytic Agent: Reaction at the Interface of Medicine and Philosophy -- Comments on “The Lived-Body as Catalytic Agent” -- Section VI / The Role of Philosophy in the Biomedical Sciences: Contribution or Intrusion? -- Round-Table Discussion -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume inaugurates a series concerning philosophy and medicine. There are few, if any, areas of social concern so pervasive as medicine and yet as underexamined by philosophy. But the claim to precedence of the Proceedings of the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philos­ ophy and Medicine must be qualified. Claims to be "first" are notorious in the history of scientific as well as humanistic investigation and the claim that the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine has no precedent is not meant to be put in bald form. The editors clearly do not maintain that philosophers and physicians have not heretofore discussed matters of mutual concern, nor that individual philosophers and physicians have never taken up problems and concepts in medicine which are themselves at the boundary or interface of these two disciplines - concepts like "matter," "disease," "psyche. " Surely there have been books published on the logic and philosophy of medi­ 1 cine. But the formalization of issues and concepts in medicine has not received, at least in this century, sustained interest by professional phi­ losophers. Groups of philosophers have not engaged medicine in order to explicate its philosophical presuppositions and to sort out the various concepts which appear in medicine. The scope of such an effort takes the philosopher beyond problems and issues which today are subsumed under the rubric "medical ethics.
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