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  • 2015-2019  (869)
  • OECD  (862)
  • Johnstone, Nick  (7)
  • Elstner-Oertel, Josefa (1888-1969)
  • Safari, an O'Reilly Media Company.
  • Environment  (584)
  • Development  (334)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 17 (March 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to peace and resilience. This policy paper provides practical recommendations for donors and practitioners on how to integrate gender equality into programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings. It focuses on engaging men and boys and addressing masculinities in a transformative manner to change gendered power dynamics and achieve more equitable gender norms and peaceful outcomes.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 23 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study provides new insights into factors that enable effective triangular co-operation. These include sound national ecosystems to support triangular partnerships through high-level political will, guiding documents, institutional structures, partnerships, resources and management procedures. Furthermore, against the background of the 2030 Agenda and the outcomes of BAPA+40, a shift of thinking from ‘donor-recipient’ relations to ‘partnerships’ needs to run through political discourse, public opinion, strategies and systems of all partners in triangular co-operation. Moreover, for the first time, the issue of ‘transaction costs’ in triangular co-operation is discussed systematically. Based on the research, interviews, and meetings that were conducted for this study, broad agreement emerged that these are investments in the partnership, and should not be regarded as costs. Finally, five options to engage effectively in triangular co-operation are offered. The decision for one of these five approaches, depends on the specific context of the partners that wish to set up new triangular co-operation initiatives. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, thus this study aims to contribute ideas and policy implications based on existing experiences and evidence.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Environment Directorate
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 15
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.15
    Series Statement: Policy perspectives
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Good quality and sustainable infrastructure that meets the needs of women, men, children, minorities, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups is essential for human well-being, economic growth and environmental sustainability. This Policy Paper shows how women and men may use infrastructure differently according to their needs, social roles or preferences. Building on OECD policy tools and several axes of work, it provides a framework to help countries align their infrastructure policies and projects with other societal and environmental goals, including supporting gender equality.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 23 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses road accessibility, transport corridors and checkpoints set up in border towns in West Africa. An innovative model shows that the population base of border towns could be 14% greater if there were no delays at border crossings. The existence of roadside checks decreases the size of this population base from 12 to 50%. A study of 59 jointly planned or operated border posts in sub-Saharan Africa shows that trade facilitation runs up against the special interests of public servants and private-sector actors making a living from regional integration frictions. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 16
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.16
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 24 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and efficiently, financing strategies need to take account of the particularities of large-scale refugee situations. Refugee flows are complex, often protracted, and, require humanitarian, development and peace financing to work in complementary ways. Doing this effectively can create opportunities that are of benefit to both refugees and host communities. This policy paper presents seven principles for improving financing for refugee situations, based on global trends and case studies in three hosting countries (Uganda, Lebanon, and Colombia) and one origin/return country (Central African Republic). Both the quality and the quantity of financing matters to get the greatest value for refugees and their host communities.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 20 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, highlights the contribution of border towns to the process of regional integration in West Africa. For 18 countries, six indicators are used to identify the specificities of border towns at the local, national and international levels: demography, urban morphology, formal enterprises, health infrastructure, road accessibility, border control posts. These indicators are analysed from the perspective of three geographical scales of regional integration (density, distance and division). The report details the economic and institutional obstacles facing border towns. It concludes with place-based political options to facilitate the economic and political development of West African border towns. Also in this Collection: “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 22 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31 October 2017, the DAC stressed that “complex challenges increasingly require coherent approaches at all levels and co-ordinated, inclusive actions”, remaining “committed to improving quality and impact of our development co-operation policies”. Decentralised development co-operation, or international development co-operation carried out by subnational governments, is one tool OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members can deploy to ensure that development co-operation is fit-for-purpose and responds to the local realities of the 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an assessment of the potential strengthens of decentralised development co-operation approaches as well as new opportunities to overcome longstanding challenges, including through the promotion of new forms of multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264466531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Keywords: 2013-2017 ; Klimaschutz ; Finanzierung ; Industrieländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents OECD estimates of annual volumes of climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013-17. These estimates include bilateral and multilateral public finance, official-supported export credits and mobilised private finance. The underpinning accounting framework is consistent with the one used by the OECD in 2015 to produce estimates of climate finance for the years 2013-14, as well as that used in 2016 to produce 2020 climate finance projections. Furthermore, it is also consistent with the outcome of the UNFCCC COP24 on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilised through public interventions.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Empowering women beyond Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Finlande : Autonomiser les femmes ailleurs aussi
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Keywords: Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 21 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, provides an analysis of the demographic and morphological changes in West African border cities since the mid-20th century. Using the Africapolis harmonised database makes it possible to show that since 1950 border cities have experienced higher rates of growth than other cities in the region. While the average size of cities increases with distance from a border, the opposite is true for urban density; it decreases as distance from a border increases. This suggests that border cities form urban centres that differ from other such centres due to the fact that they specialise in the commercial activities that stimulate growth and foster higher densities. The report identifies the 27 main cross-border agglomerations in the region and discusses their specific characteristics. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264539211 , 9789264913967 , 9789264789845
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 193 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Synergie ; Environment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report builds on the OECD Well-being Framework and applies a new perspective that analyses synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation and broader goals such as health, education, jobs, as well as wider environmental quality and the resources needed to sustain our livelihoods through time. This report takes an explicitly political economy approach to the low-emissions transitions needed across five economic sectors (electricity, heavy industry, residential, surface transport, and agriculture) that are responsible for more than 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Synergies between emissions reduction and broader well-being objectives, such as reduced air pollution and improved health, increase the incentives for early mitigation action. At the same time, the impact of climate policies on issues such as the affordability of energy and jobs need to be taken into account to counter growing economic and social inequalities within and between countries. The report argues that reframing climate policies using a well-being lens is necessary for making visible such synergies and trade-offs; allowing decision-makers to increase the former and anticipate, manage and minimise the latter. This requires us to rethink societal goals in terms of well-being, reframe our measures of progress and refocus policy-making accordingly.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Observer Roundtable on Finland
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264498389 , 9789264612372 , 9789264312999
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Responding to Rising Seas: OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’adaptation des zones côtières aux impacts du changement climatique est désormais une urgence. La hausse du niveau des mers et des pressions immobilières va certainement y accroître les risques, selon les prévisions. En quoi les processus nationaux de planification de l’adaptation des pays de l’OCDE peuvent-ils nous aider à répondre à ce défi ? C’est la question à laquelle répond cet ouvrage. Il expose clairement les diverses conceptions du partage des coûts et des responsabilités en matière de gestion des risques côtiers. Il examine ensuite si celles-ci encouragent ou dissuadent les ménages, les entreprises et les différents niveaux de gouvernement d’adopter des comportements qui réduisent les risques. Cet ouvrage décrit les instruments d’action que les autorités nationales peuvent employer pour favoriser une réaction efficiente, efficace et équitable face aux changements qui affectent le littoral. Il s’appuie sur de nouvelles analyses des coûts futurs de la hausse du niveau des mers et sur les principaux résultats de quatre études de cas (Allemagne, Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande et Royaume Uni).
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264180529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.263
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document suggests an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for serious eye damage and eye irritation hazard identification. The document also provides key information characteristics of each of the individual information sources comprising the IATA. Furthermore it provides guidance on how and when to integrate existing and/or newly generated information for decision making, including decisions on the need for further testing or final decisions on classification and labelling regarding the potential eye hazard effects of test chemicals.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264300453 , 9789264300880 , 9789264300897
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Further Developments and Policy Use
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: La présente publication examine les avancées récentes de l’analyse coûts-avantages (ACA) environnementale. Celle-ci correspond à l’application de l’ACA aux projets ou aux politiques qui visent explicitement à améliorer la qualité de l’environnement ou qui ont, d’une manière ou d’une autre, un effet indirect sur les milieux naturels. Cette publication s’appuie sur l’ouvrage précédent de l’OCDE rédigé par David Pearce et al. (2006), qui partait du constat que la conjonction d’un certain nombre d’avancées de l’ACA modifiait la manière dont bien des économistes recommanderaient de mettre en œuvre cet instrument, surtout dans le contexte de projets ou de politiques ayant des impacts environnementaux considérables. Cette publication n’a pas seulement pour principal objectif d’évaluer les progrès accomplis : elle cherche également à déterminer en quoi certaines évolutions illustrent des questions thématiques centrales ayant des conséquences pour l’application concrète de l’ACA environnementale dans le cadre de l’élaboration des politiques et de l’évaluation des projets d’investissement. Le thème sans doute le plus important a trait à la contribution de l’économie du climat face au défi que constitue l’évaluation des mesures publiques visant à atténuer le changement climatique (ou à s’y adapter). Les travaux dans ce domaine ont accru l’intérêt porté au mode d’évaluation des coûts et des avantages à très long terme et ils ont notamment montré à quel point les procédures classiques de détermination du taux d’actualisation social deviennent problématiques dans un contexte intergénérationnel et quelles pourraient être les nouvelles approches requises. La contribution de l’économie du climat a également suscité une réflexion plus poussée sur l’incertitude dans le cadre de l’ACA, en particulier en présence d’effets incertains qui peuvent avoir des impacts (négatifs) de grande ampleur.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264534001
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-17
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente les estimations des volumes annuels de financement climatique fournis et mobilisés par les pays développés pour 2013-2017. Ces estimations incluent les finances publiques bilatérales et multilatérales, les crédits à l'exportation et les financements privés mobilisés. Le cadre comptable sous-jacent est conforme à celui utilisé par l'OCDE en 2015 pour produire des estimations du financement climatique pour les années 2013-2014, ainsi qu'à celui utilisé en 2016 pour produire des projections de financement climatique 2020. Il est également cohérent avec les résultats de la COP24 de la CCNUCC sur les modalités de comptabilisation des ressources financières fournies et mobilisées grâce aux interventions publiques.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264987272 , 9789264805958 , 9789264550100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The space economy in figures
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Luftfahrtindustrie ; Welt ; Education ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Raumfahrt ; Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie
    Abstract: The space economy is expanding and becoming increasingly global, driven by the development of ever-more governmental space programmes around the world, the multiplication of commercial actors in value chains, durable digitalisation trends, and new space systems coming of age. This report describes these emerging trends using new and internationally comparable data and indicators. It highlights the growing importance of space activities for the economy, for developing country strategies (based on original official development assistance statistics), for the pursuit of knowledge and scientific discoveries, and for society in general. To get the most out of space investments and promote sustained socio-economic growth, this report provides some recommendations to countries in building up their statistical evidence on space actors and activities.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264890855 , 9789264940543 , 9789264986053
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Decentralisation Work: A Handbook for Policy-Makers
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport traite des tendances actuelles des politiques de décentralisation des pays de l’OCDE et au-delà, et de la marche à suivre pour réussir la décentralisation. Parfois qualifiée de révolution « silencieuse » ou « discrète », la décentralisation compte parmi les réformes les plus importantes de ces cinquante dernières années. Les résultats que la décentralisation produit – en termes de démocratie, d’efficience, de transparence, de développement régional et local – dépendent pour une large part de la manière dont la décentralisation est pensée et mise en œuvre. Il est d’autant plus crucial de mettre autant que possible les avantages de la décentralisation au service du développement régional qu’il existe actuellement une « géographie du mécontentement » et une fracture grandissante entre les territoires qui se sentent les laissés pour compte de la mondialisation et des évolutions technologiques, et ceux qui peuvent profiter des possibilités offertes par les opportunités liées à la mondialisation. Ce rapport livre 10 principes directeurs pour une décentralisation efficace et propice au développement régional. Outre ces principes, il propose des outils pratiques à l’intention des décideurs, dont des ensembles de recommandations détaillées, des outils d'auto-évaluation, des indications sur les écueils à éviter et des exemples de bonnes pratiques, dans les pays à structure unitaire et fédérale.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD economic survey of the United States
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Großbritannien ; Development ; Economics ; United States ; USA ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftliche Stabilität
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264958982 , 9789264512900 , 9789264428225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2019: Time to Face the Challenge
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Afin de faire face aux problèmes mondiaux les plus urgents et atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable, la communauté internationale a promis d’unir les forces d’un nombre sans précédent d’acteurs financiers : entreprises, gouvernements, organisations philanthropiques ou encore particuliers transférant de l’argent vers leur pays d’origine. Pourtant le déficit en matière de financement du développement durable se creuse : alors que les besoins continuent d’augmenter, les ressources à la disposition des pays en développement restent limitées, voire régressent, comme en atteste la baisse de l’investissement direct étranger observée récemment. Il faut de nouveaux instruments financiers et de nouveaux modes d’interaction pour mobiliser les ressources qui font défaut. Or, malgré des avancées notables, nous ne parvenons pas à encore à cerner avec précision toutes les opportunités et tous les risques auxquels les acteurs de ce nouveau « marché » doivent se mesurer. Ce rapport tire la sonnette d’alarme. Pour concrétiser les engagements du Programme 2030, et sortir des centaines de millions d’êtres humains de l’extrême pauvreté, la communauté internationale doit non seulement mobiliser de nouvelles ressources, mais également accroître la contribution des financements existants à un développement réellement durable. Première édition d’une nouvelle série, ce rapport propose des options innovantes pour améliorer la mesure des flux de financements, la qualité des politiques publiques et la coordination des acteurs afin de réaliser ces objectifs ambitieux.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264709959 , 9789264707184 , 9789264434615
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enabling women's economic empowerment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Frauenpolitik ; Familienpflege ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Women’s unequal share of unpaid care work can prevent their full participation in the economies of developing countries; however, care needs are growing globally. How can governments and development partners meet the needs of families and communities, while ensuring that all citizens benefit from economic opportunities and fair remuneration? As part of the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women’s Economic Empowerment, this report focuses on identifying what works to address unpaid care work and sheds light on how governments, donors in the private sector and civil society actors – among others – can design policies to support both those who need care and those who provide care. The report brings together existing knowledge of policy options for unpaid care work across regions, in four policy areas: infrastructure, social protection, public services and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264584273 , 9789264385535 , 9789264930810
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Productivity and Sustainability in Food and Agriculture: Main Findings from Country Reviews and Policy Lessons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Des marchés qui fonctionnent bien dans un environnement réglementaire et de politique publique stable sont essentiels pour améliorer la productivité et la durabilité du secteur alimentaire et agricole. Cela permettrait au secteur de répondre à la demande croissante d'aliments sains, sûrs et nutritifs sans endommager les ressources naturelles, ainsi que de faire face aux défis croissants imposés par le changement climatique. Le présent rapport contient les principales conclusions et leçons tirées d’une série d’examens par pays sur la manière dont les politiques publiques peuvent améliorer la productivité et la durabilité sectorielles grâce à leurs effets sur l’innovation, les changements structurels, l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et le changement climatique. Pour améliorer l'environnement de l’action publique, il faudrait supprimer les politiques qui faussent le plus les marchés et retiennent les agriculteurs dans des activités peu compétitives et à faible revenu, nuisent à l'environnement, freinent l'innovation, ralentissent les changements structurels et générationnels et affaiblissent la capacité de résilience. La politique agricole devrait plutôt s’orienter vers des mesures facilitant l'adoption de technologies et de pratiques qui utilisent les ressources de manière plus efficace et durable, et qui contribuent à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Comme indiqué dans toutes les revues, il est important que les systèmes d'innovation agricole soient davantage collaboratifs et répondent mieux aux besoins réels. Cela nécessite souvent des systèmes de gouvernance plus efficaces, incluant l'élaboration de stratégies à long terme, le renforcement des liens entre les acteurs nationaux et internationaux et la mise au point de procédures d'évaluation complètes et cohérentes. Le financement public de la recherche alimentaire et agricole est crucial et les efforts du secteur privé doivent être renforcés, notamment par le biais de partenariats public-privé. Les systèmes de conseil et de vulgarisation agricoles doivent inclure des prestataires publics et privés compétitifs qui répondent à l’ensemble des besoins. Enfin, l'amélioration de la cohérence globale des politiques contribuerait à renforcer la confiance et à accroître l'efficacité des politiques à chaque étape de la chaîne alimentaire et agricole.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264801455
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (275 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa's Development Dynamics 2019: Achieving Productive Transformation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África 2019: Alcançar a transformação produtiva
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Transport ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Quelles sont les tendances économiques et sociales majeures en Afrique aujourd’hui ? Comment l’Afrique s’inscrit-elle dans la mondialisation ? Ce rapport annuel parle d’une Afrique ouverte sur le monde et l’avenir. Dynamiques du développement en Afrique tire les leçons des expériences des cinq sous-régions – Afrique australe, centrale, de l’Est, du Nord et de l’Ouest – pour partager et développer les bonnes pratiques. Le rapport identifie les politiques innovantes et offre des recommandations pratiques, adaptées aux spécificités des économies africaines. Étayé par les plus récentes statistiques, son décryptage des dynamiques du développement vise à permettre aux leaders africains de réaliser la vision stratégique de l’agenda 2063 à tous les niveaux : continental, régional, national et local. Chaque édition examine ainsi un thème stratégique. L’édition 2019 explore les politiques de soutien à la transformation productive. Elle propose trois principaux axes politiques pour transformer les entreprises : fournir des services commerciaux aux regroupements d’entreprises ; mettre en place des réseaux de production régionaux ; et améliorer la capacité des entreprises exportatrices à se développer dans des marchés en mutation rapide. Cet ouvrage a pour vocation de nourrir le débat entre les membres de l’Union africaine, ainsi que les citoyens, entrepreneurs et chercheurs. Son ambition est de participer à une nouvelle coopération – entre pays, régions... – tournée vers l’apprentissage mutuel et la préservation de nos biens communs. Il est lui-même le fruit de la coopération entre la Commission de l’Union Africaine et le Centre de développement de l’OCDE.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264696815
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.311
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is intended to provide universal Guiding Principles that should be considered when developing or augmenting systematic approaches to Weight of Evidence (WoE) for chemical evaluation and Key Elements to formulating a systematic approach to WoE. The ultimate goal is to facilitate that regulators follow a consistent, clear and transparent delivery of evidence using the Principles and Elements described in this document. This can be especially helpful for countries with no existing WoE frameworks or those looking to augment their approaches. It also allows for stakeholders to understand a WoE decision-making process, including potential for unreasonable bias. These Guiding Principles and Key Elements can be employed to develop frameworks that range from simple and pragmatic approaches to more elaborate systems, depending on the context.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264539082 , 9789264798397 , 9789264956391
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lives in crises
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Welt ; Development ; Afghanistan ; Bangladesh ; Haiti ; Iraq ; Lebanon ; Somalia ; Uganda
    Abstract: In May 2016, the World Humanitarian Summit represented a turning point for humanitarian policies. The Summit gave the impetus to seriously reflect on how to operate in environments where people’s needs don’t coincide anymore with existing mandates and sectors. The OECD believes that an effective humanitarian response is the one that addresses affected people’s needs in a timely and efficient manner. One way to measure effectiveness is to ask aid beneficiaries what they think about the aid they get. With this is mind, the OECD initiated a first round of surveys during the cycle 2016-2017 in six countries affected by different type of crisis : Lebanon, Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia and Uganda. Two years after the World humanitarian Summit, the OECD and Ground Truth Solutions took another round of surveys in the same countries, plus Bangladesh. The purpose of this second round of surveys is to assess whether the commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, including the Grand Bargain, are having a tangible impact on people’s lives in the most difficult contexts in the world. This paper provides some answers to this question.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264753266 , 9789264956537 , 9789264754294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace : Rapport d'étape 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz : Informe de avances 2019
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Helping countries to improve the lives of their citizens requires effective international development co-operation. The Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation’s principles (country ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, and transparency and mutual accountability) have been guiding relationships between development partners for close to a decade, helping them to strengthen and improve the way they co-operate and ensuring that all citizens are invested in the process. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) work together to monitor progress in using these principles. In 2018, data was collected by 86 partner countries and territories, in collaboration with more than 100 development partners, to serve as the basis for this work and provide evidence. By highlighting where progress has been made and where challenges remain, the work helps governments and their partners strengthen collective action towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312098 , 9789264312104 , 9789264311718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Saving costs in chemicals management
    Keywords: Chemieindustrie ; Sicherheit ; Risikomanagement ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Chemische Industrie ; Sicherheit ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: The chemical industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in the world and is expected to grow fourfold by 2060. Indeed modern life without chemicals would be inconceivable. Given the potential environmental and human health risks from exposure to chemicals, governments and industry have a major responsibility to ensure that chemicals are produced and used safely. The OECD assists countries in developing and implementing policies and instruments that protect human health and the environment, and in making their systems for managing chemicals as efficient as possible. To eliminate duplication of work and avoid non-tariff barriers to trade, emphasis has been on developing shared frameworks for gathering and assessing information on potential chemical risks. The time-tested OECD Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) system provides a major basis for generating savings to governments and industry. This report provides an overview of the benefits and estimates the total savings from OECD work to be more than EUR 309 million per year.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette Note qui fait partie de la Collection « Villes », analyse l’accessibilité routière, les corridors de transport et les postes de contrôle uniques mis en place dans les villes frontalières d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Un modèle inédit montre que le bassin de population des villes frontalières pourrait être 14 % plus important sans attente aux frontières. L’existence de contrôles routiers diminue de 12 à 50 % ce bassin de population. Une étude des 59 postes de contrôle d’Afrique subsaharienne montre ensuite que la facilitation du commerce se heurte aux intérêts des fonctionnaires et des acteurs privés vivant des frictions de l’intégration régionale. Aussi dans cette Collection : « Intégration régionale des villes frontalières », No 20 « Population et morphologies des villes frontalières », No 21 « Entreprises et santé dans les villes frontalières », No 22
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.20
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in Border Cities
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette Note qui fait partie de la Collection « Villes », souligne la contribution des villes frontalières au processus d’intégration régionale en Afrique de l’Ouest. Six indicateurs permettent d’appréhender les dynamiques locales développées en milieu urbain, les effets de la distance sur la cohésion nationale, et l’impact des divisions territoriales au plan international dans 18 pays. Cette analyse met en évidence les obstacles qui limitent le potentiel d’intégration des villes frontalières du point de vue des échanges socio-économiques et des institutions. La Note conclut par une synthèse des politiques territorialisées pouvant être mises en place dans la région pour faciliter le développement économique et politique des villes frontalières ouest-africaines. Aussi dans cette Collection : « Population et morphologies des villes frontalières », No 21 « Entreprises et santé dans les villes frontalières », No 22 « Accessibilité et infrastructures des villes frontalières », No 23
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264699410 , 9789264627352 , 9789264483637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax revenue implications of decarbonising road transport
    Keywords: Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Steuereinnahmen ; Slowenien ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This report investigates how tax revenue from transport fuels could evolve over time as vehicles rely less on fossil fuels, with a focus on the case study of the Republic of Slovenia. Reducing the reliance on fossil fuels in the transport sector is a welcome development from the perspective of its climate and health impacts and of reduced energy dependence. However, under current settings, reduced fuel use will also lead to a loss of tax revenues, which may put stress on government budgets. Based on simulations for Slovenia, with a 2050 horizon, the report provides an in-depth assessment of the taxation of road transport and investigates how tax policy could adapt to declining fossil fuel use in the long term if the objective is to maintain revenues at current levels while taking fairness and efficiency considerations into account. It finds that gradual tax reforms, with an evolving mix of taxes, shifting from taxes on fuel to taxes on distances driven, can contribute to more sustainable tax policy over the long term.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    ISBN: 9789264357914
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2019-2028
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 经合组织-粮农组织 2019-2028 年农业展望
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: Le Prospettive agricole 2019-2028 sono il frutto dell’azione collaborativa tra l’Organizzazione per la Cooperazione e lo Sviluppo Economici (OCSE) e l’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l’Alimentazione e l’Agricoltura (FAO). Le Prospettive riuniscono le competenze di entrambe le Organizzazioni in materia di prodotti di base, politiche pubbliche e Paesi, nonché gli input dei Paesi membri che collaborano per fornire un esame annuale delle Prospettive dei mercati nazionali, regionali e globali dei prodotti agricoli di base per il prossimo decennio. Il Capitolo Speciale dell’edizione di quest’anno si concentrerà sullo sviluppo agricolo dell’America Latina.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264755024 , 9789264765078 , 9789264827837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax morale
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Steuermoral
    Abstract: Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global material resources outlook to 2060
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Rohstoffvorkommen ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Rohstoffreserve ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the economic drivers determining the decoupling of economic growth and materials use, and assesses how the projected shifts in sectoral and regional economic activity influence the use of different materials. The projections include both primary and secondary materials, which provides a deeper understanding of what drives the synergies and trade-offs between extraction and recycling. The report projects a doubling of global primary materials use between today and 2060. Population and converging per capita income growth drive the growth in materials use. However, structural change, especially in non-OECD countries, and technology improvements partially dampen that growth. Metals and non-metallic minerals are projected to grow more rapidly than other types of materials.
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  • 43
    Title: 지속 가능핚 개발을 위핚 정책일관성 2018, 지속 가능하고 회복력이 좋은 사회를 향하여
    ISBN: 9789264312678
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development 2018: Towards Sustainable and Resilient Societies
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Businesses and Health in Border Cities
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette Note qui fait partie de la Collection « Villes », analyse la répartition spatiale des entreprises formelles et des infrastructures de santé en Afrique de l’Ouest. L’analyse montre que les secteurs cruciaux pour l’intégration régionale sont concentrés dans les capitales économiques plutôt que dans les espaces frontaliers. Ces résultats illustrent la difficulté qu’ont de nombreux pays ouest-africains à distribuer le potentiel de développement économique sur l’ensemble du territoire national. La cartographie des infrastructures de santé montre que les villes frontalières présentent un excédent de centres médicaux et un déficit d’hôpitaux et de maternités relativement à leur population urbaine. La Note identifie plusieurs régions dans lesquelles une coopération plus étroite pourrait favoriser la mise en place d’établissements de santé transfrontaliers. Aussi dans cette Collection : « Intégration régionale des villes frontalières », No 20 « Population et morphologies des villes frontalières », No 21 « Accessibilité et infrastructures des villes frontalières », No 23
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Notes ouest-africaines no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Population and Morphology of Border Cities
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette Note qui fait partie de la Collection « Villes », analyse l’évolution démographique et morphologique des villes frontalières d’Afrique de l’Ouest depuis le milieu du XXe siècle. L’utilisation d’une base de données harmonisée – ce qu’offre Africapolis – permet de montrer que les villes frontalières ont connu une croissance plus importante que les autres villes de la région depuis 1950. Alors que la taille moyenne des villes augmente avec la distance aux frontières, la densité urbaine diminue à mesure qu’on s’en éloigne. Ces résultats suggèrent que les villes frontalières forment des ensembles urbains différents des autres, notamment du fait de leur spécialisation dans les activités commerciales, qui stimulent la croissance et encourage les fortes densités. Le document identifie enfin 27 agglomérations transfrontalières principales dans la région et discute leurs particularités. Aussi dans cette Collection : « Intégration régionale des villes frontalières », No 20 « Entreprises et santé dans les villes frontalières », No 22 « Accessibilité et infrastructures des villes frontalières », No 23
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264840249
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Dritte Ausgabe
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Publishing OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur konstruktiven Stakeholderbeteiligung im Rohstoffsektor
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Governance ; Development ; Richtlinie ; OECD ; Bergbauindustrie ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Bewaffneter Konflikt ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Rohstoffgewinnung ; Mineralischer Rohstoff ; Supply Chain Management ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Zertifizierung ; Bergbau
    Abstract: Der Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen sowie Investitionen in diese Ressourcen bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Generierung von Einkommen, Wachstum und Wohlstand, zur Existenzsicherung und lokalen Entwicklungsförderung. Allerdings finden sich diese Bodenschätze zu weiten Teilen in Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten, wo sie in großem Umfang abgebaut werden. Dies kann direkt oder indirekt zu bewaffneten Konflikten und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen führen und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Der OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten enthält offiziell unterstützte Empfehlungen, mit denen Firmen Schritt für Schritt zu einem verantwortungsvollen globalen Lieferkettenmanagement für alle Mineralien angeleitet werden, damit sie die Menschenrechte achten und durch ihre Entscheidungen und Praktiken beim Einkauf von Mineralien oder Metallen keinen Beitrag zu Konflikten leisten. Dieser Leitfaden kann von allen Unternehmen angewandt werden, die Mineralien oder Metalle jedweder Art aus Konflikt- bzw. Hochrisikogebieten beziehen könnten. Ziel ist die Schaffung transparenter, konfliktfreier Lieferketten und ein nachhaltiges unternehmerisches Engagement im Bereich der mineralischen Rohstoffe.
    Note: Volltext: PDF , Gesehen am 06.02.2020
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : Suisse 2019
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Schweiz ; Development ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. This review assesses the performance of Switzerland including its strategic support to multilateralism in order to tackle global goods and challenges, its comprehensive vision for development and partnerships and the current pressure on development and humanitarian programmes.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310414 , 9789264310391 , 9789264310407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hidalgo (Staat) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico ; Staat Hidalgo ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Hidalgo is one of the smallest states in Mexico. It benefits from its close proximity to Mexico City and contains a number of economic and environmental assets in its territory. After a long period of economic stagnation, the state is now closing up the gap with national standards. Yet, productivity and income levels remain low with respect to national levels, and there exist high socio-economic disparities between the south of the state and the municipalities in the northern and mountainous area. This review looks at how the state of Hidalgo is seeking to boost its economy, particularly through a series of institutional reforms and policies to improve the business environment. It highlights opportunities to accelerate the economic convergence and transit towards high-value added economic sectors. The review also identifies a number of recommendations to promote inclusive growth and reduce its north-south divide and offers suggestions to address governance challenges in the territory.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307674 , 9789264308886 , 9789264308893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Still, Thailand’s growth path has created large disparities that risk obstructing the next stage of development. This report lays out three transitions that Thailand needs to master to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth. First, the country should move from a growth path dominated by few and geographically concentrated sources of innovation to one that focuses on unlocking the full potential of all regions. Second, to support a new growth agenda, it should organise multi-level governance and the relationship between the many layers of government more effectively, particularly with regards to financial resources. Last but not least, Thailand should focus on water and environment, moving from a resource-intensive growth path with costly natural disasters to one characterised by sustainable development. In the case of water, this means moving from ad-hoc responses to effective management of water security.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264312364
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Switzerland 2019
    Keywords: Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE procède à des examens périodiques des efforts individuels de coopération pour le développement des membres du CAD. Les politiques et les programmes de chacun des membres font l’objet d’un examen critique une fois tous les cinq ans. Les examens par les pairs évaluent la performance du membre considéré, sans se limiter au seul organisme de coopération, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la définition de la politique qu’à sa mise en œuvre. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire du membre soumis à examen, en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier. Cet examen analyse la performance de la Suisse, y compris son appui stratégique au système multilatéral pour gérer les biens et enjeux mondiaux, sa vision globale du développement et des partenariats ainsi que les pressions auxquelles font face les programmes de développement et humanitaire.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264575462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool that assists emerging economies in monitoring and evaluating progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. This first application of the Index methodology in the Latin American and Caribbean region covers the four Pacific Alliance member countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) and three participating South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Divided into seven policy dimensions, this report assesses the strengths and weaknesses that exist in different areas of SME policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, and provides guidance to policy makers in identifying policy areas for future reform according to international good practices. This report is a joint effort between the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) and the OECD through its Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme (LACRP), in co-operation with the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) and the “Foundation for the Strategic Analysis and Development of the SME” (FAEDPYME).
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264383203 , 9789264393509 , 9789264769359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Stadtverkehr ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Kasachstan ; Kirgisistan ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report presents the objectives, methodology, procedures and main findings of the OECD project "Strengthening public finance capacity for green investments in the EECCA countries". Between 2016-19, the project aimed to help set the partner countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) on a sustainable path of development by reducing the energy and carbon intensity of their economies. Working with the relevant ministry in each country, the project designed public investment programmes in line with good international practices. These programmes sought to address key objectives of the countries' environmental and climate-related policies. The Clean Public Transport Programmes focus specifically on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the target sector, primarily in large urban areas. They aim to demonstrate how to use scarce public funds to encourage private sector investment in projects that generate significant environmental and socio-economic benefits alike.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264537156 , 9789264857001 , 9789264363694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Danemark 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Denmark
    Abstract: Denmark's energy and carbon intensities are among the lowest in the OECD area. Green taxation as a share of GDP is the highest in the OECD, and the country is a leader in eco-innovation. Denmark has also achieved impressive results in the material recovery of most waste streams and reached a political agreement to move to a circular economy. It is an international standard setter for chemical risk assessment. However, municipal waste generation remains the highest in the OECD area. Many bodies of water do not reach good ecological status. Levels of exposure to fine particles remain above international standards. Terrestrial biodiversity suffers from the lack of well-connected protected areas. Further steps will need to be taken to achieve the stated goal of a climate neutral economy by 2050. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Denmark. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste, materials management and the circular economy and chemicals management.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264702912 , 9789264840584 , 9789264309395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waste management and the circular economy in selected OECD countries
    Keywords: Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling
    Abstract: This report provides a cross-country review of waste, materials management and circular economy policies in selected OECD countries, drawing on OECD’s Environmental Performance Reviews during the period 2010-17. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges, and provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of waste, materials management and circular economy policy frameworks. As the selected reviews were published over a seven-year period, information for some countries may be more recent than for others. Nevertheless, the policy recommendations emerging from the reviews may provide useful lessons for other OECD countries and partner economies.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172739 , 9789264738621 , 9789264477629
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ESAO Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju 2019.gads
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia has come a long way in improving its environmental performance and the well-being of the population. Large amounts of investment have helped increase the use of renewables, improve energy efficiency of homes, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and extend access to water and waste services. However, convergence with more advanced OECD economies is far from being accomplished. Forestry and agriculture play a key economic role, but exert increasing pressures on biodiversity. Mainstreaming biodiversity considerations into economic development policies should be a priority. Accelerating the transition towards a low-carbon and circular economy will require major investment in sustainable infrastructure, more waste prevention and recycling and stronger economic instruments. This is the first Environmental Performance Review of Latvia. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on waste and circular economy, and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264886179 , 9789264499034 , 9789264524088
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les outils de l'OCDE pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social Protection System Review: A Toolkit
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Les effets positifs de la protection sociale sur la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités, ainsi que sa contribution au développement, sont largement reconnus. La mise en place d’un système intégré facilite l’offre d’un socle de protection sociale, grâce auquel les individus bénéficient d’une protection adéquate tout au long de leur cycle de vie. Pour ce faire, il s’agit non seulement de veiller à l’existence d’un éventail suffisant de programmes pour couvrir le profil de risque d’une population, mais aussi de partager les informations sur différents individus afin de s’assurer de leur rattachement au programme adéquat. L’Examen des systèmes de protection sociale compte parmi les quelques outils permettant d’analyser l’efficacité d’un pays dans la mise en place d’un système de protection sociale répondant aux besoins – tant actuels qu’à venir – de sa population. Cette boîte à outils présente différentes méthodologies pouvant être mises en œuvre quels que soient le pays, le niveau de revenu ou l’institution. Elle s’attache à proposer des recommandations stratégiques exploitables au niveau des systèmes nationaux.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264737457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sicherheit ; Strategie
    Abstract: This report presents the governance framework in Kazakhstan for managing disaster risks. A wide range of disaster risks are present throughout the national territory, primarily floods, landslides, avalanches, but also extreme cold and heatwaves. The report reviews how the central government sets up a national strategy to manage these disaster risks, and how a national risk governance framework is formulated and executed. It examines the role of the private sector and other non-governmental actors in contributing to resilience at a national and subnational level.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264319363 , 9789264561182 , 9789264562158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Peru ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Peru ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Peru ; Peru ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Peru has experienced remarkable socio-economic progress over the last two decades, enabling it to join the group of upper middle-income countries around 2010. However, challenges are ahead if the country is not to be caught in various development traps. Overcoming these challenges in the near future to take the economy to the next level and become a country with higher productivity, inclusive development and well-being for all will require sound policy reforms. Further efforts are needed on three main fronts: economic diversification, connectivity and formalisation of jobs. This report analyses the main challenges in these three priority areas and sets up a policy action plan. It also proposes a scorecard including a series of indicators for monitoring progress derived from the implementation of the reforms proposed in these three areas and presents the objectives for each indicator that Peru should aim to achieve by 2025 and 2030.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264381421
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 496: In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro est une méthode biochimique in vitro qui peut être utilisée pour identifier des produits chimiques (substances et mélanges) susceptibles d’induire des lésions oculaires graves, ainsi que des produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves. La méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro exploite un mélange réactif macro-moléculaire composé de protéines, de glycoprotéines, de glucides, de lipides et d’éléments à faible masse moléculaire qui, une fois réhydraté, forme une matrice macro-moléculaire complexe qui reproduit la structure hautement organisée et transparente de la cornée. L’opacité cornéenne est considérée comme le principal critère de classification des dangers pour l’œil. Les produits chimiques testés provoquant la dénaturation, le dépliement et des changements de conformation des protéines induisent une désorganisation et une désagrégation de la structure hautement organisée de la matrice macro-moléculaire, ce qui génère une turbidité du réactif macro-moléculaire. À l’aide d’un spectromètre, ce phénomène peut être quantifié en mesurant les changements de diffusion de la lumière à une longueur d’onde de 405 nm et en comparant ces valeurs à une courbe d’étalonnage (établie en parallèle en mesurant la hausse de la densité optique (DO) induite par une série de substances étalon).
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264865600 , 9789264608719 , 9789264935952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Pension Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of pensions systems
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Lettland ; Peru ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Peru ; Peru ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This review assesses Peru’s pension system in its entirety, looking at both public and private, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed and funded pension provisions. The review then provides policy options to help tackle old-age poverty; establish a solid framework for the contributory pension system to meet its objectives; improve the coverage and level of pensions; and optimise the design and improve the regulation of the funded private pension component. A further goal of these proposals is to improve the Peruvian population’s trust that the country’s pension system will be able to deliver secure retirement income in old age. The review is the fifth in a series of country reviews of pension systems [Ireland (2014), Mexico (2016), Latvia (2018), and Portugal (2019)]. These reviews provide countries with policy options that will help them improve the functioning of their overall pension system. Tailored policy options are proposed based on the specificities of the national pension system, and on international best practices regarding reforms, design and regulation of pension systems.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264833913 , 9789264422421 , 9789264342064
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, productivité et durabilité dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire : Principales conclusions des examens par pays et leçons pour l’action publique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, productivity and sustainability in food and agriculture
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Wissenschaft ; Technologie ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Markets that function well within a stable regulatory and policy environment are key to improving the productivity and sustainability of the food and agriculture sector. This report contains the main findings and policy lessons gained from a series of wide-ranging country reviews on how government policies can improve sectoral productivity and sustainability through their impact on innovation, structural change, natural resource use, and climate change. Improving the policy environment would require rolling back those policies that distort markets the most and retain farmers in uncompetitive and low-income activities, harm the environment, stifle innovation, slow structural and generational change, and weaken resilience. Agriculture policy should focus instead on measures that facilitate the uptake of technologies and practices that use resources more efficiently and sustainably, and which contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Of equal importance are: a more collaborative approach, more effective governance systems, the development of long-term strategies, strengthened linkages between national and international actors, and comprehensive and coherent evaluation procedures. Public funding of food and agricultural research is also crucial, and private efforts need to be strengthened, including through public-private partnerships. Finally, improving overall policy coherence would contribute to building trust, and to increasing policy effectiveness at each step of the food and agriculture chain.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264770065 , 9789264869721 , 9789264319837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trends and drivers of agri-environmental performance in OECD countries
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264641297 , 9789264563414 , 9789264887855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Recent digital innovations provide opportunities to deliver better policies for the agriculture sector by helping to overcome information gaps and asymmetries, lower policy-related transaction costs, and enable people with different preferences and incentives to work better together. Drawing on ten illustrative case studies and unique new data gathered via an OECD questionnaire on agri-environmental policy organisations' experiences with digital tools, this report explores opportunities to improve current agricultural and agri-environmental policies, and to deliver new, digitally enabled and information-rich policy approaches. It also considers challenges that organisations may face to make greater use of digital tools for policy, as well as new risks which increased use of digital tools may bring. The report provides practical advice on how policy makers can address challenges and mitigate risks to ensure digital opportunities for policy are realised in practice. Finally, the report briefly considers the broader regulatory and policy environment underpinning digitalisation of the agriculture sector, with the view to ensuring that use of digital tools for agricultural and agri-environmental policy remains coherent with the digitalisation of agriculture more generally.
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264392878 , 9789264888166 , 9789264888623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable results in development
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Äthiopien ; Kenia ; Myanmar ; Development ; Ethiopia ; Kenya ; Myanmar ; Äthiopien ; Kenia ; Myanmar ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Governments and providers of development co-operation increasingly use Sustainable Development Goal indicators to guide their policies and practices. The close examination of three large recipients of development co-operation: Ethiopia, Kenya and Myanmar across the sectors of Education, Sanitation and Energy reveals four inter-related challenges in using SDG indicators at country level. First, the cost of using specific SDG indicators varies in relation to indicator complexity – complementary investments in country statistical systems may be necessary. Second, providers synchronising their country-level results planning with partner countries find it easier to align to and measure SDG indicators together with the partner country and other providers. Third, reliance on joint monitoring approaches is helping providers reduce the cost of SDG monitoring. Finally, while disaggregating SDG data by gender and by urban-rural dimensions is common, other data disaggregation relevant to ensure that no one is left behind are rare.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    ISBN: 9789264745117
    Language: Undetermined
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Green Growth Policy Review of Indonesia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Indonesia
    Abstract: Indonesia adalah negara dengan populasi tertinggi keempat dan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Pertumbuhan ekonominya yang kuat telah mengangkat jutaan orang keluar dari kemiskinan. Namun, keberhasilan ekonomi menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan. Dengan perubahan guna lahan yang pesat dan ketergantungan pada energi fosil, Indonesia adalah salah satu penghasil emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar dunia. Deforestasi dan polusi menciptakan tekanan pada ekosistem Indonesia yang luar biasa beragam. Jasa lingkungan hidup seperti pasokan air, sanitasi, dan pengelolaan limbah perlu terus diperluas dan diperbaiki. Agar Indonesia dapat bergerak menuju perekonomian hijau, dibutuhkan upaya untuk mengembangkan kebijakan, menguatkan aspek kelembagaan, dan memastikan ketersediaan sumber daya. Terbitan ini laporan Tinjauan Kebijakan Pertumbuhan Hijau Indonesia yang pertama. Tinjauan mencakup kemajuan Indonesia menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan dan pertumbuhan hijau, dengan fokus pada neksus guna lahan, ekosistem, dan perubahan iklim.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264417656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.38
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is a complement document to the Emission Scenario Document on Plastic Additives, ESD No. 3, and provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used as additives in plastics to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    ISBN: 9789264530423
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Lettonie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvija ir mērojusi garu ceļu vides raksturlielumu un iedzīvotāju labklājības uzlabošanā. Liels investīciju apjoms ir palīdzējis palielināt atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu izmantošanu, uzlabot mājokļu energoefektivitāti, samazināt siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas un paplašināt piekļuvi ūdens un atkritumu apsaimniekošanas pakalpojumiem. Tomēr Latvija vēl ir tālu no pietuvošanās attīstītākām ESAO ekonomikām. Mežsaimniecībai un lauksaimniecībai ir izšķiroša ekonomiskā nozīme, bet tās arvien vairāk apdraud bioloģisko daudzveidību. Bioloģiskās daudzveidības apsvērumu integrēšanai ekonomikas attīstības politikā jābūt prioritātei. Lai paātrinātu pāreju uz oglekļa mazietilpīgu un aprites ekonomiku, būs vajadzīgas lielas investīcijas ilgtspējīgā infrastruktūrā, būs jāpalielina atkritumu rašanās novēršana un pārstrāde, kā arī būs vajadzīgi spēcīgāki ekonomiskie instrumenti. Šis ir pirmais Vides raksturlielumu pārskats par Latviju. Šī saīsinātā versija ietver kopsavilkumu, kā arī oficiālo pārskata novērtējumu un ieteikumus. Pārskatā novērtēts panāktais progress virzībā uz ilgtspējīgu attīstību un zaļo izaugsmi, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot atkritumiem, aprites ekonomikai, bioloģiskās daudzveidības saglabāšanai un ilgtspējīgai izmantošanai.
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264675957 , 9789264897373 , 9789264513549
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Human Acceleration of the Nitrogen Cycle: Managing Risks and Uncertainty
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Cette publication examine les risques associés au rejet d'azote en excès dans l'environnement (changement climatique, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, pollution de l'air, pollution de l'eau, perte de biodiversité, détérioration de la qualité des sols). Le rapport examine également l'incertitude associée à la capacité de l'azote de passer d'un écosystème à un autre et de provoquer des « effets en cascade ». Outre une meilleure gestion des risques liés à l'azote au niveau local, il faut considérer les risques au niveau global liés à l’augmentation continue des concentrations d’hémioxyde d’azote et prévenir l’excès d’azote sous toutes ses formes en élaborant des stratégies efficaces au regard de leurs coûts pour toutes les sources. La publication fournit des indications sur l’utilisation des instruments de politique relative à l’azote et sur la manière d’assurer la cohérence avec des objectifs tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité énergétique et les objectifs environnementaux autres que la réduction de la pollution par l’azote.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264339712 , 9789264755918 , 9789264364493
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Development Co-operation More Effective: 2019 Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hacia una cooperación al desarrollo más eficaz : Informe de avances 2019
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Aider les pays à améliorer les conditions de vie de leurs citoyens nécessite une coopération internationale efficace pour le développement. Les principes du Partenariat mondial pour une coopération efficace au service du développement – l’appropriation par les pays ; l’orientation vers les résultats ; des partenariats inclusifs ; et, la transparence et la redevabilité mutuelle – guident les relations entre les partenaires du développement depuis près d’une décennie, les aident à renforcer et à améliorer leur mode de coopération et veillent à ce que tous les citoyens soient impliqués dans le processus. L’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD) travaillent ensemble pour effectuer le suivi des progrès réalisés dans l’utilisation de ces principes. En 2018, des données ont été collectées par 86 pays et territoires partenaires, en collaboration avec plus de 100 partenaires du développement, afin de servir de base à ce travail et apporter des éléments probants. L’ouvrage, en montrant clairement où des progrès ont été accomplis et où des défis restent à relever, est à même de guider les gouvernements et leurs partenaires sur la façon dont ils peuvent renforcer l’action collective pour réaliser le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030.
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264511811 , 9789264835221 , 9789264955707
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Norwegen ; Development ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Norway’s commitment to spend 1% of gross national income on official development assistance is supported across the political spectrum. It increasingly uses multilateral channels to promote global public goods and address global challenges. This review looks at the changes to systems, structures and capabilities that would help Norway deliver on its shifting approach to development co-operation. These include strategic oversight to align programming with Norway's overall vision and policies for sustainable development; strengthened approaches to results, knowledge and risk management; and taking a bolder approach to cross-cutting issues such as human rights, gender, climate and environment, and anti-corruption.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264182707 , 9789264769441 , 9789264720473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Tools
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Using extractive revenues for sustainable development
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Rohstoffpolitik ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Transforming natural finite assets into human, social and physical capital is a key challenge for natural resource-rich countries. This report distils related lessons from the OECD Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-based Development on natural resource revenue management and spending for sustainable development. This includes a guide on how natural resource-rich countries can ensure budget sustainability to support consistent spending over time. Further analysis focuses on the management of spending versus saving and the effectiveness of different spending mechanisms for sustainable development, making recommendations to address current challenges.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264858510
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 494: Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le test d’irritation oculaire (TIO) Vitrigel est une méthode in vitro permettant d’identifier, sans essais supplémentaires, des produits chimiques testés ne nécessitant ni classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves. L’objectif de la présente Ligne directrice est de décrire les procédures utilisées pour évaluer le potentiel d’irritation oculaire que présente un produit chimique testé en se fondant sur sa capacité́ à réduire la fonction de barrière de modèles d’épithélium cornéen humain (ECh) utilisés dans le TIO Vitrigel. Il est connu que les produits chimiques irritants pour l’œil détruisent d’abord le film lacrymal et la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium cornéen, avant d’induire la mort des cellules épithéliales et, enfin, une dégénérescence du stroma et la mort des cellules endothéliales, ce qui provoque une opacité cornéenne. Pour cette raison, les changements de la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium constituent un effet mesuré pertinent pour détecter l’irritation oculaire. Dans le test d’irritation oculaire Vitrigel, les changements dans le temps de la valeur de la résistance électrique transépithéliale (Transepithelial Electrical Resistance – TEER) révèlent une perte de la fonction de barrière de l’épithélium cornéen suite à l’exposition à un produit chimique testé. Cette situation s’apparente aux lésions observées sur la cornée de lapin après exposition à un produit chimique testé et qui constituent un mode d’action important dans le processus de lésion de l’épithélium cornéen et d’irritation oculaire. Le test d’irritation oculaire (TIO) Vitrigel peut être utilisé dans un champ d’application limité aux produits chimiques ayant un pH 〉 5.0 (sur la base d’une préparation à 2,5 % (p/v)).
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264465732 , 9789264671720 , 9789264345515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Kyrgyzstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kyrgyzstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by cleaner fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Bishkek and Osh and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264635289
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 494 : Méthode d’essai Vitrigel pour l’identification de produits chimiques ne nécessitant aucune classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method is an in vitro test method that allows the identification of test chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. This test measures the eye irritation potential of a test chemical based on its ability to induce damage to the barrier function of the human corneal epithelium (hCE) models used in the Vitrigel-EIT method. It is known that chemicals that are irritating to the eye first destroy tear film and epithelial barrier function of the eye, subsequently induce epithelial cell death, and finally produce stromal degeneration and endothelial cell death, resulting in corneal opacity. Therefore, the change of the epithelial barrier function is a relevant endpoint for detecting eye irritation. In the Vitrigel Eye Irritancy test method , time-dependent changes in the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) values are indicative of damage to the barrier function of the corneal epithelium following exposure to a test chemical; this situation is similar to the observed damage of the rabbit cornea following exposure to a test chemical, which is an important mode of action leading to damage of the corneal epithelium and eye irritation. The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method can be used within the limited applicability domain of test chemicals having pH 〉 5.0 (based on 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) preparation).
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  • 76
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264953079 , 9789264925755 , 9789264464865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aligning development co-operation and climate action
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Klimaschutz ; Internationales Abkommen ; Environment ; Development ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Klimaschutz ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag
    Abstract: Climate change is altering the ecological and social systems that underpin human well-being and economic activity, and developing countries are particularly vulnerable to its impact on the growth and sustainable development prospects of every sector and community. Being part of the solution requires all providers of development co-operation to align their activities with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. However many still lack the mandates, resources, incentives and strategies to do so. This report outlines how providers can make changes at home, in developing countries and in the international development co-operation system, to help create low-emissions, climate-resilient economies, and how they can avoid supporting activities that lock the world into an unsustainable future.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264916784
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is 〉 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264488809
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai n° 496 : Méthode d’essai macro-moléculaire in vitro pour l’identification de produits chimiques provoquant des lésions oculaires graves et les produits chimiques ne relevant d’aucune classification pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vitro macromolecular test method is a biochemical in vitro test method that can be used to identify chemicals (substances and mixtures) that have the potential to induce serious eye damage as well as chemicals not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage. The in vitro macromolecular test method contains a macromolecular reagent composed of a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, lipids and low molecular weight components, that when rehydrated forms a complex macromolecular matrix which mimics the highly ordered structure of the transparent cornea. Corneal opacity is described as the most important driver for classification of eye hazard. Test chemicals producing protein denaturation, unfolding and changes in conformation will lead to the disruption and disaggregation of the highly organised macromolecular reagent matrix, and produce turbidity of the macromolecular reagent. Such phenomena is quantified, by measuring the changes in light scattering (at a wavelength of 405 nm using a spectrometer), which is compared to the standard curve established in parallel by measuring the increase in OD produced by a set of calibration substances.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264683099
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l’essai est de mesurer la capacité d’un produit chimique pour activer ou inhiber la transcription d’une construction génétique (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) soit par liaison au récepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne soit en modifiant la quantité de l’hormone thyroïdienne disponible pour la transcription. L’essai est basé sur l’utilisation d’une grenouille transgénique (possédant la construction génétique THb/ZIP-GFP) de l’espèce X. laevis. La GFP est une protéine fluorescente qui permet d’affirmer la présence de la substance et de suivre son action. Ce test repose sur la quantification de la fluorescence, et donc de la protéine GFP, dans l’ensemble de l’eleutheroembryon exposé au produit chimique testé. En effet, si la flurorescence est 〉 12% en incluant la plus forte concentration du test, le test est considéré comme positif. Les organismes sont exposés dans des plaques de culture cellulaire chimiquement inertes (6 puits). Chaque puits doit contenir dix organismes en solution. Dans une épreuve, 20 organismes sont exposés à chaque concentration d’essai. Les grenouilles sont exposées aux produits chimiques au stade NF45. La durée d’exposition est de 72H. Un résultat positif de l'essai XETA indique in vivo qu'une substance induit des dommages sur le récepteur et la métabolisation de l’hormone thyroïdienne. Un résultat négatif indique que, dans les conditions d'essai, le produit chimiques testé n'induit pas des dommages discernables sur la thyroïde et son fonctionnement.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264897236 , 9789264777712 , 9789264741065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Strong growth has enabled the country to join the group of upper-middle-income economies in the early 2010s and to perform well in many areas. At the same time, the benefits of prosperity have not been shared evenly nationwide and the economic development has taken a toll on the environment. Moving forward, Thailand needs to master three transitions to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth: enabling further growth by unlocking the full potential of all Thailand’s regions; developing more effective methods of organisation and collaboration between actors and levels of government; managing water security and disaster risk. Based on the previous volume’s in-depth analysis and policy recommendations, this report suggests a set of actions to support these transitions. The actions focus on the North of Thailand, one of the most diverse and yet poorest regions of the country.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264628267 , 9789264597044 , 9789264764361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biodiversity
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzierung ; G7-Staaten ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Artenreichtum ; Biodiversität ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: The Convention on Biological Diversity’s 15th Conference of the Parties (CBD COP15) in 2020 marks a critical juncture for one of the defining global challenges of our time: the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which underpin nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Transformative changes are needed to ensure biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and the delivery of the ecosystem services upon which all life depends. This report sets the economic and business case for urgent and ambitious action on biodiversity. It presents a preliminary assessment of current biodiversity-related finance flows, and discusses the key data and indicator gaps that need to be addressed to underpin effective monitoring of both the pressures on biodiversity and the actions (i.e. responses) being implemented. The report concludes with ten priority areas where G7 and other countries can prioritise their efforts.
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  • 82
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: УСИЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЯ В МОЛДОВЕ
    ISBN: 9789264686571 , 9789264883505 , 9789264879430
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing the Economic Regulatory System for Moldova’s Water Supply and Sanitation
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: Цель данного отчета – содействовать развитию хорошей системы экономического регулирования (СЭР) водоснабжения и водоотведения (ВСиВО) в Республике Молдова (далее кратко – Молдова). Действующая отраслевая политика требует значительной модернизации, оптимизации и развития ВСиВО, повышений эффективности эксплуатации (сокращения доли воды, которая не приносит дохода, и численности персонала на тысячу абонентов и т.д.) – в соответствии с международными и отечественными обязательствами страны (включая Соглашение об ассоциации с ЕС, Цели устойчивого развития, Парижское соглашение по климату и национальную стратегию по водоснабжению и водоотведению). В отчете предложены пути и средства усиления способности правительства Молдовы обеспечить надлежащее регулирование сектора и способности операторов достичь более высоких стандартов предоставления услуг ВСиВО при обеспечении их ценовой доступности. Такие изменения не могут произойти за ночь, они потребуют системы экономического регулирования, способствующей ценовой доступности ВСиВО, полному покрытию затрат операторов и обслуживанию долга, а также движению по реалистичному пути улучшения показателей деятельности организаций водоснабжения и водоотведения.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264579187
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Making Blended Finance Work for the Sustainable Development Goals
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: La communauté mondiale s'est exprimée clairement : il faut mobiliser davantage de ressources pour mettre fin à l'extrême pauvreté et atténuer les effets du changement climatique. Les financements mixtes – qui mélangent différentes formes de capital – apparaissent de plus en plus comme une solution importante au problème de la mobilisation des ressources dont ont besoin les pays en développement pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durables. Toutefois, faute d’une bonne compréhension des risques qui y sont associés, un recours accru aux financements mixtes pourrait avoir des conséquences imprévues pour les fournisseurs de coopération pour le développement. Ce rapport présente un état des lieux détaillé de ces financements mixtes et des actions prioritaires pour les mettre effectivement au service d’un développement plus durable. Il recense les concepts et les définitions, présente un aperçu des acteurs et des instruments et discute des leçons tirées des approches mixtes, sur la base de leur observation ainsi que des données et des évaluations disponibles. Ses conclusions et recommandations seront utiles aux décideurs comme aux praticiens. ‘Les financements mixtes contribueront à accélérer la croissance économique, mais pour y parvenir, il est essentiel que les donateurs alignent leurs pratiques.’ Martin Wolf, commentateur économique en chef chez Financial Times. ‘L’aide publique au développement reste un moyen essentiel de financer les efforts visant à éliminer l'extrême pauvreté. Cependant, les gouvernements ne peuvent relever seuls le défi. Nous devons tous penser, travailler, financer et réaliser le développement différemment, et mobiliser les ressources et les compétences du secteur privé afin d’aider les populations les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables dans le monde. Le Canada continue de promouvoir des approches novatrices en matière de financement du développement et d’une croissance durable pour tous.’ L'honorable Marie-Claude Bibeau, ministre du Développement international et de la Francophonie du Canada.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264583436 , 9789264716810 , 9789264631939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The governance of land use in Korea
    Keywords: Städtische Flächennutzung ; Stadterneuerung ; Südkorea ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Stadtentwicklung ; Landnutzung ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: This report examines land-use trends, policies and practices in Korea, in particular in the city of Busan, through the lens of urban regeneration and citizen participation. Land-use planning is critical for the efficient and inclusive management of cities, pursuing sustainable and balanced development and improving quality of life and regional competitiveness. Korea has benefitted from comprehensive and well-structured, hierarchical land-use planning and urban regeneration frameworks. However, faced with a series of demographic and economic challenges, together with geographic factors and historical developments, Korea needs to re-evaluate land-use management and urban regeneration to leverage inclusive growth and boost competitiveness in Korean cities. This report argues that involving citizens in land-use planning and urban regeneration is essential to collect better quality information as a basis for plans, decisions and outcomes. This report is of relevant to urban planners, land use especialists, and city managers who work on urban regeneration projects and citizens’ participation.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264602854 , 9789264462366 , 9789264371613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy coherence for sustainable development 2019
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Development
    Abstract: SDG target 17.14 calls on all countries to “enhance policy coherence for sustainable development” as a key means of implementation. According to countries’ Voluntary National Reviews, this presents a major challenge. It requires meaningful collaboration and co-ordinated action across both policy sectors and different levels of government. It also requires balancing short-term priorities with long-term sustainability objectives and taking into account the impact of domestic policies on global well-being outcomes. The 2019 edition of Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development looks at countries’ efforts to meet this challenge and identifies opportunities for accelerating progress. The third in a series, it shows how integrated and coherent policies, supported by strong institutional and governance mechanisms, can contribute to empowering people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311893 , 9789264312746 , 9789264312739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Griechenland ; Development ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Since its last peer review, a severe economic recession brought about significant cuts to Greece’s national budget – including official development assistance. However, Greece has maintained its commitment to development co-operation. In response to the refugee and migration crisis Greece mobilised resources and its population to provide significant support to asylum seekers and refugees, and adapted its domestic policies to create conditions for peaceful co-existence between refugees, asylum seekers and the Greek population. As the economy recovers and Greece considers stepping up its development co-operation, this review recommends a number of steps that the government might take including building a new vision for development co-operation and putting in place the structures and systems to achieve it.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264309760 , 9789264309777 , 9789264309753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Çevresel Performans İncelemeleri: Türkiye 2019
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE : Turquie 2019 (Version abrégée)
    Keywords: Environment ; Turkey
    Abstract: Turkey is the fastest growing OECD economy with rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2008, its economic growth has been relatively decoupled from air emissions, energy use, waste generation and water consumption. However, the high resource intensity of Turkey’s economy and its heavy reliance on fossil fuels will continue to increase these environmental pressures in absolute terms. More progress is needed in the transition to a low-carbon, circular economy to improve the country’s environmental performance. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Turkey. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with special features on climate change and urban wastewater management.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264683358
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Femmes et réseaux marchands en Afrique de l’Ouest
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women and trade networks in West Africa
    Keywords: Frauen ; Netzwerk ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; Lieferkette ; Westafrika ; Development ; Westafrika ; Handel ; Frau
    Abstract: Women make a significant contribution to West Africa's food economy, perpetuating a long tradition of commerce and participating in cross-border trade and regional outreach. Their activities face numerous obstacles but also present important opportunities, highlighted in this report through an unprecedented relational and spatial analysis of social networks. The study focuses on the rice sector in the Dendi region (Benin, Niger and Nigeria) and on the regional governance networks that support women's entrepreneurship. It confirms that Nigeria occupies a privileged position due to its demographics and growing urbanisation. The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264591134 , 9789264410503 , 9789264988521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good governance for critical infrastructure resilience
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Good Governance ; Risikomanagement ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264626980 , 9789264875234 , 9789264313033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making decentralisation work
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; OECD ; Dezentralisation ; Kommunalpolitik
    Abstract: This report offers a comprehensive overview of decentralisation policies and reforms in OECD countries and beyond. Sometimes called a “silent” or “quiet” revolution, decentralisation is among the most important reforms of the past 50 years. The report argues that decentralisation outcomes – in terms of democracy, efficiency, accountability, regional and local development – depend greatly on the way it is designed and implemented. Making the most of decentralisation systems is particularly crucial in the context of a “geography of discontent” and growing divides between places that feel left behind by globalisation and technological change and those that may benefit from the opportunities offered by megatrends. The report identifies 10 guidelines for making decentralisation work and allowing it to be conducive to regional development. Beyond the guidelines, the report proposes concrete tools for policy-makers, including detailed sets of recommendations, checklists, pitfalls to avoid and examples of good practices, both in unitary and federal countries.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264736115 , 9789264780989 , 9789264573710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Can social protection be an engine for inclusive growth?
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialversicherung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Deutschland ; Brasilien ; Ghana ; Indonesien ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Qualitatives Wachstum
    Abstract: The potential role of social protection in the development process has received heightened recognition in recent years, yet making a strong investment case for social protection remains particularly challenging in many emerging and developing countries. This report challenges us to think deeply about the economic rationale for social protection investments through an inclusive development lens. It helps us understand the links between social protection, growth and inequality; how to measure those links empirically; social protection’s impact on inclusive growth; and how to build a more solid economic case for greater social protection investments. The report adds to the debate on social protection in three ways. First, it proposes a methodological framework to conceptualise and measure the impact of social protection on what the OECD defines as inclusive growth. Second, it provides new empirical evidence on the impact of different social protection programmes on inclusive growth. Third, it helps strengthen the case for greater investments in social protection while also calling for better data to measure impacts.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264464742 , 9789264842281 , 9789264582460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe УСИЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЯ В МОЛДОВЕ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing the economic regulatory system for Moldova's water supply and sanitation
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of ; Moldawien ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasser
    Abstract: This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”). The prevailing policy framework calls for drastic developments in WSS to modernise and optimise WSS systems and improve operational efficiency (non-revenue water, staff-output ratios etc.) – in line with domestic and international commitments (including the Association Agreement with the European Union, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the national WSS strategy). This report outlines ways and means for strengthening the capacity of the Moldovan government to provide sound regulation and that of WSS operators to deliver higher standards of service while ensuring the affordability of WSS services. Such a transition cannot happen overnight. It requires a sound economic regulatory system conducive to affordability, cost recovery and debt servicing, and a realistic performance improvement path for water utilities.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264730441 , 9789264628342 , 9789264609228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Mongolia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Uzbekistan ; Zentralasien ; Kaukasus ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264522206 , 9789264526587 , 9789264447288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening development co-operation
    Keywords: OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: How can members of the DAC effectively tackle critical environmental challenges and threats – such as climate change, pollution, and loss of soil fertility and biodiversity – in activities supporting the 2030 Agenda in developing countries? Most already have environmental safeguards in place to screen out negative environmental practice, but they need far more robust policies, capacities and approaches for mainstreaming environment across all their development co-operation activities. This report examines five critical areas for mainstreaming: strong policy commitment and leadership; robust systems, processes and tools; capacity and continuous skill development; shared knowledge, learning and engagement; well-supported country systems. On that basis, the report suggests priority actions for the OECD-DAC, its Network on Environment and Development (ENVIRONET) and the wider development community.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264374379
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 495: Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La phototoxicité est définie comme une réaction toxique causée par des produits chimiques photoréactifs administrés par voie topique ou systémique, après exposition du corps à la lumière ambiante. Plusieurs classes de produits chimiques photoréactifs peuvent provoquer des réactions phototoxiques lorsqu’ils sont activés par la lumière, à des doses ne présentant pas d’autres effets toxiques. La phototoxicité peut être subdivisée en photo-irritation, photoallergie et photogénotoxicité. Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la phototoxicité d’un produit chimique. L’événement principal dans toute réaction phototoxique est l’absorption des photons d’une longueur d’onde qui induit l’excitation du chromophore. L’énergie d’excitation est souvent transférée aux molécules d’oxygène, suivies par la génération de ROS (Reactive Oxygene Species). Les mesures sont effectuées à l’aide d’un spectromètre. La détermination de la génération ROS à partir de produits chimiques irradiés avec la lumière du soleil simulée est révélateur d’un potentiel phototoxique.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264937079 , 9789264438422 , 9789264641495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe РЕШЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: Руководящие принципы реформирования политики в области экологических платежей
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing industrial air pollution in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Industrie ; Umweltabgabe ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Kazakhstan has recorded impressive economic growth rates since its independence, driven mainly by export of commodities and high rate of energy use. These rates are not sustainable and are generating significant air pollution, in particular from industrial stationary sources. This is putting at risk the country’s development ambitions to become one of the top global economies by 2050 and converge towards OECD living standards. Building on OECD previous analysis, this publication shows that Kazakhstan’s environmental payments (environmentally related taxes, non-compliance penalties and compensation for damage regulation) for industrial air pollutants, as currently applied, impede energy efficiency and pollution abatement with heavy-handed non-compliance responses and focus on rising revenues. They also add to the cost of doing businesses in the country with limited environmental benefit. In the spirit of the Polluter-Pays Principle, much more reforms of regulation of environmental payments are needed. This report provides guidelines for reform drawing from air pollution regulations in OECD member countries and the results of the analysis of the system in Kazakhstan carried out by the OECD in close co-operation with the Government of Kazakhstan.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264972261 , 9789264472853 , 9789264398733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD development co-operation peer reviews
    Keywords: 2019 ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Italien ; Development ; Italy ; Italien ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Geschichte 2019
    Abstract: The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Italy is strongly committed to multilateralism, and it uses its convening power as well as expertise in co-operation to make the country a leading voice on issues such as agriculture and cultural heritage. The country’s commitment to leaving no one behind is particularly apparent through the focus on gender and disability. However, the country would benefit from reversing the recent decline in official development assistance (ODA), building a stronger and better-skilled workforce, forming a coherent, whole-of-government approach to migration and development, and creating a system to manage for results.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264547858 , 9789264963818 , 9789264516939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making blended finance work for water and sanitation
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Wohltätigkeit ; Wasserversorgung ; Abwasserwirtschaft ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wasserversorgung ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Investments in water and sanitation are a prerequisite to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular on SDG 6 ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Blended finance can play an important role in strategically investing development finance to mobilise additional commercial finance needed to fill the current investment gaps. Thus far, however, blended finance has not reached scale in the water and sanitation sector. A greater evidence base is needed to better understand the current applications as well as the potential of blended models in the water and sanitation sector. This publication takes a commercial investment perspective and provides insights into three subsectors: (1) water and sanitation utilities, (2) small-scale off-grid sanitation and (3) multi-purpose water infrastructure and landscape-based approaches. The publication draws out recommendations for policy makers and practitioners to apply and scale innovative blended finance approaches where most appropriate.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264499348 , 9789264924062 , 9789264653474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Moldova, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Moldova to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Chisinau and Balti and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264571433
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 2019
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: L’Australie est parvenue à découpler la croissance économique des principales pressions environnementales et a réalisé des progrès remarquables dans l’extension des aires protégées. Elle continue toutefois d’afficher une intensité d’utilisation des ressources et une intensité carbone parmi les plus élevées de la zone OCDE et l’état général de la biodiversité dans le pays est médiocre et en voie de dégradation. Pour s’acheminer vers une économie plus verte, il faudra renforcer l’action publique à l’égard du changement climatique et tenir compte de la biodiversité de manière systématique et plus efficace dans tous les secteurs. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de l’Australie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés à la protection des espèces menacées et à l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité ainsi qu’à la gestion des produits chimiques. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et faits récents, la gouvernance et la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur la protection des espèces menacées et la biodiversité ainsi que sur la gestion des produits chimiques. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
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