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  • 2005-2009  (5)
  • McKenzie, David  (3)
  • Dessus, Sebastien  (2)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (5)
  • Remittances  (3)
  • Access to Finance  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration And Education Decisions In A Dynamic General Equilibrium Framework (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dessus, Sebastien Migration And Education Decisions In A Dynamic General Equilibrium Framework
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Dependency ratios ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Inequality ; Investm ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor supply ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Migration ; Policy research ; Policy research working paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Progress ; Remittances ; Skilled workers ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Dependency ratios ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Inequality ; Investm ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor supply ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Migration ; Policy research ; Policy research working paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Progress ; Remittances ; Skilled workers ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Dependency ratios ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human capital ; Inequality ; Investm ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor supply ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Migration ; Policy research ; Policy research working paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Progress ; Remittances ; Skilled workers ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: With growing international skilled labor mobility, education and migration decisions have become increasingly inter-related, and potentially have a large impact on the growth trajectories of source countries, through their effects on labor supply, savings, or the cost of education. The authors develop a generic dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the education-migration nexus in a consistent framework. They use the model as a laboratory to test empirical conditions for the existence of net brain gain, that is, greater domestic accumulation of human capital (in per capita terms) with greater migration of skilled workers. The results suggest that although some structural parameters can favor simultaneously greater human capital accumulation and greater skilled migration - such as high ratio of remittances over domestic incomes, high dependency ratios in migrant households, low dependency ratios in source countries, increasing returns to scale in the education sector, technological transfers and export market access with Diasporas, and efficient financial markets - this does not necessarily mean that greater migration encourages the constitution of greater stocks of human capital in source countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations About Incomes Abroad ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: McKenzie, David A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold
    Keywords: Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration, remittances, poverty, and human capital : conceptual and empirical challenges (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (16 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sasin, Marcin J Migration, remittances, poverty, and human capital
    Keywords: Government policies ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Impact of migration ; International migration ; Migration ; Migration data ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Practitioners ; Remittances ; Government policies ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Impact of migration ; International migration ; Migration ; Migration data ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Practitioners ; Remittances ; Government policies ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Impact of migration ; International migration ; Migration ; Migration data ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Practitioners ; Remittances
    Abstract: This paper reviews common challenges faced by researchers interested in measuring the impact of migration and remittances on income, poverty, inequality, and human capital (or, in general, "welfare") as well as difficulties confronting development practitioners in converting this research into policy advice. On the analytical side, the paper discusses the proper formulation of a research question, the choice of the analytical tools, as well as the interpretation of the results in the presence of pervasive endogeneity in all decisions surrounding migration. Particular attention is given to the use of instrumental variables in migration research. On the policy side, the paper argues that the private nature of migration and remittances implies a need to carefully spell out the rationale for interventions. It also notices the lack of good migration data and proper evaluations of migration-related government policies. The paper focuses mainly on microeconomic evidence about international migration, but much of the discussion extends to other settings as well
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Returns To Capital In Microenterprises : Evidence From A Field Experiment (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Woodruff, Christopher Returns To Capital In Microenterprises
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Capital stock ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Equipment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment opportunities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Interest Rate ; Micorenterprises ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Productive Investment ; Return ; Returns ; Access to Finance ; Capital stock ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Equipment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment opportunities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Interest Rate ; Micorenterprises ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Productive Investment ; Return ; Returns ; Access to Finance ; Capital stock ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Equipment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment opportunities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Interest Rate ; Micorenterprises ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Productive Investment ; Return ; Returns
    Abstract: Small and informal firms account for a large share of employment in developing countries. The rapid expansion of microfinance services is based on the belief that these firms have productive investment opportunities and can enjoy high returns to capital if given the opportunity. However, measuring the return to capital is complicated by unobserved factors such as entrepreneurial ability and demand shocks, which are likely to be correlated with capital stock. The authors use a randomized experiment to overcome this problem and to measure the return to capital for the average microenterprise in their sample, regardless of whether they apply for credit. They accomplish this by providing cash and equipment grants to small firms in Sri Lanka, and measuring the increase in profits arising from this exogenous (positive) shock to capital stock. After controlling for possible spillover effects, the authors find the average real return to capital to be 5.7 percent a month, substantially higher than the market interest rate. They then examine the heterogeneity of treatment effects to explore whether missing credit markets or missing insurance markets are the most likely cause of the high returns. Returns are found to vary with entrepreneurial ability and with measures of other sources of cash within the household, but not to vary with risk aversion or uncertainty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring Lebanon's Growth Prospects (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Berthelemy, Jean-Claude Exploring Lebanon's Growth Prospects
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Barriers to entry ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Damages ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic activity ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Growth potential ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Private property ; Real GDP ; Access to Finance ; Barriers to entry ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Damages ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic activity ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Growth potential ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Private property ; Real GDP ; Access to Finance ; Barriers to entry ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Damages ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic activity ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; GDP ; Growth potential ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Private property ; Real GDP
    Abstract: This paper attempts to identify Lebanon's greatest constraints to economic growth, following a growth diagnosis approach. It concludes that fiscal imbalances and barriers to entry are most binding on long-term growth. Macroeconomic imbalances and related perceived risks affect the nature of investment decisions in Lebanon, in favor of liquid instruments rather than longer-term productive investments. Further, many barriers to entry discourage agents from investing in a number of markets: legal impediments to competition, corruption, and a set of fiscal incentives favoring the allocation of resources to non-tradable sectors, where potential demand and investment opportunities are scarcer. In turn, using a steady-state computable general equilibrium model, the paper assesses the long-term growth impact of a selected set of policy reforms envisaged to lift such constraints. Results suggest that 1 to 2 percentage points of additional GDP growth per year could be gained through public expenditure reform, greater domestic competition, and tax harmonization
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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