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  • Dernis, Hélène  (9)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (9)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • London : Routledge
  • Science and Technology  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What technologies are at the core of AI? : An exploration based on patent data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.6
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report outlines a new methodology and provides a first exploratory analysis of technologies and applications that are at the core of recent advances in AI. Using AI-related keywords and technology classes, the study identifies AI-related patents protected in the United States in 2000-18. Among those, “core” AI patents are selected based on their counts of AI-related forward citations. The analysis finds that, compared to other (AI and non-AI) patents, they are more original and general, and tend to be broader in technological scope. Technologies related to general AI, robotics, computer/image vision and recognition/detection are consistently listed among core AI patents, with autonomous driving and deep learning having recently become more prominent. Finally, core AI patents tend to spur innovation across AI-related domains, although some technologies – likely AI applications, such as autonomous driving or robotics – appear to increasingly contribute to developments in their own field.
    DOI: 10.1787/32406765-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying artificial intelligence actors using online data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper uses information collected and provided by GlassAI to analyse the characteristics and activities of companies and universities in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States that mention keywords related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) on their websites. The analysis finds that those companies tend to be young and small, mainly operate in the information and communication sector, have AI at the core of their business, and aim to provide customer solutions. It is noteworthy that the types of AI-related activities reported by them vary across sectors. Additionally, although universities are concentrated in and around large cities, this is not necessarily reflected in the intensity of AI-related activities. Taken together, this novel and timely evidence informs the debate on the most recent stages of digital transformation of the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f5307e7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing intellectual property use for a stronger innovation ecosystem in Poland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.138
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and limitations of the intellectual property (IP) system in Poland. It offers policy recommendations to fully exploit the potential of IP to support an innovation-based economy. It finds that the key components of an effective IP strategy in Poland should include the promotion of IP use among economic actors and other stakeholders as well as information campaigns and training programmes to raise awareness and knowledge about the advantages of IP. Recommendations also include reducing barriers to IP use by lowering the costs of and simplifying IP-related procedures, and promoting the valorisation of IP held by universities to enhance technology transfer to the business sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/42e389fa-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Who develops AI-related innovations, goods and services? : A firm-level analysis (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.121
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study proposes an exploratory analysis of the characteristics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) “actors”. It focuses on entities that deploy AI-related technologies or introduce AI-related goods and services on large international markets. It builds on the OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Micro-data Lab infrastructure, and, in particular, on Intellectual Property (IP) rights data (patents and trademarks) combined with company-level data. Statistics on AI-related patents and trademarks show that AI-related activities are strongly concentrated in some countries, sectors, and actors. Development of AI technologies and/or goods and services is mainly due to start-ups or large incumbents, located in the United States, Japan, Korea, or the People’s Republic of China, and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. A majority of these actors operate in ICT-related sectors. The composition of the IP portfolio of the AI actors indicates that AI is frequently combined with a variety of sector-specific technologies, goods, or services.
    DOI: 10.1787/3e4aedd4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nowcasting Patent Indicators (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Indicators based on patents provide a good measure of the innovative performance and technology outputs of countries. However, because of legal rules imposed by the patent application process, information on patents is generally publicly disclosed after 18 months. Patent indicators are consequently faced with a timeliness issue, which can extend to more than five years depending on the computational method used to develop indicators. This study aims at designing simple but robust methods that would enable to "nowcast" patent indicators - forecast the present (or the recent past) - in order to mitigate the timeliness issue. The nowcasting exercise is conducted here on two separate sets of patent indicators: the number of patents applied to the European Patent Office (EPO) and the number of Triadic Patent Families (patents taken at the EPO, the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO)). Portion of patent filings at the EPO were made under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The nowcasting method developed in the present document is based on estimates of the transfer rate of patents filed under PCT into the EPO regional phase, given that information on PCT patents at international phase is disclosed before reaching the regional/national phase. This method provides robust estimates up to year t-2 (instead of year t-4), even though patenting activity of small patenting countries or emerging economies are difficult to predict, in terms of both level and growth...
    DOI: 10.1787/055888673307
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Overview of Innovative Activities from the Patent Indicators Perspective (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2006/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of innovative activities across a wide range of OECD member and non-member countries, based on international comparable patent indicators. Patent data are frequently used to measure innovative activities, because patent-based indicators reflect the inventive performance of countries, regions, firms, as well as other aspects of the dynamics of the innovation process.
    DOI: 10.1787/674714465672
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Patent Co-Operation Treaty Data on Epo Patent Statistics and Improving the Timeliness of EPO Indicators (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2005/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Patent Cooperation Treaty provides the possibility to seek patent rights in a large number of countries by filing a single international application with a single patent office. Since the mid-1980s, the patent cooperation treaty (PCT) procedure has become a popular method for filing patent applications, as is reflected in the substantial increase in PCT applications over the past 15 years. This paper analyses the impact of the PCT data on the European Patent Office (EPO) patent statistics, and explores methods to improve the timeliness of the EPO indicators by estimating the number of PCT applications which enter the EPO regional phase (see Annex A for details). This paper shows the following main impacts of PCT data in the EPO patent statistics: Including all EPO designated PCT applications data will overestimate the total number of EPO patent applications; and It will introduce a bias in favour of non-EPC countries (countries that are not signatory ...
    DOI: 10.1787/650163678123
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysing European and International Patent Citations : A Set of EPO Patent Database Building Blocks (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2005/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper presents a preliminary set of European and international citation data tables designed to enable researchers to become familiar with the subject and undertake a range of analyses. It addresses analytical and statistical issues such as why citations from international searches and European searches should be combined; the calculation of citation lags; use of International Patent Classification (IPC) codes for grouping patents according to technology; treatment of references to Non-Patent Literature (NPL); and the notion that many publications, from different patenting authorities, covering the same invention can be cited. Differences between US and European citations are also discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/883002633010
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Triadic Patent Families Methodology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443844125004
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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