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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (2,353)
  • Densmore, Frances
Material
Author, Corporation
  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.180
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Regulators and policy makers should boost competition among mobile telephone operators to cut the high prices being charged for international data roaming. Analysis of pricing plans at 68 operators in the 34 OECD countries points to a strong case for new consumer protection and empowerment measures.
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  • 102
    ISBN: 9789264098305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Japan
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 2010 peer review of Japan's development assistance programmes and policies.This review assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of Japan meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 103
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'accès à l'enseignement préprimaire permet-il d'améliorer les résultats scolaires ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: It’s elementary: students benefit from pre-primary education. The OECD’s PISA 2009 results show that in practically all OECD countries 15-year-old students who had attended some pre-primary school outperformed students who had not. In fact, the difference between students who had attended for more than one year and those who had not attended at all averaged 54 score points in the PISA reading assessment – or more than one year of formal schooling (39 score points). While most students who had attended pre-primary education had come from advantaged backgrounds, the performance gap remains even when comparing students from similar backgrounds. After accounting for socio-economic background, students who had attended pre-primary school scored an average of 33 points higher than those who had not...
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  • 104
    ISBN: 9789264095960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen mutuel de l'efficacité du développement en Afrique 2010 ; Promesses et résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen mutuel de l'efficacité du développement en Afrique 2010 : Promesses et résultats
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The UNECA-OECD 2010 Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise and Performance provides information on the main commitments made by Africa and its development partners, the extent to which they have been delivered and their results, and future policy priorities.
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cankaya-Ankara : Turkish Pharmacists Association
    ISBN: 9789758037315
    Language: Turkish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les prix des médicaments sur un marché global ; Politiques et enjeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les prix des médicaments sur un marché global
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
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  • 106
    ISBN: 9788691513702
    Language: Serbian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
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  • 107
    ISBN: 9789264094475
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Edition: Cuarta edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008; Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 ; Quatrième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment 2008: Fourth Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Définition de référence de l'OCDE des investissements directs internationaux 2008 : Quatrième édition
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: La inversión extranjera directa (IED) es uno de los principales motores de la globalización. A medida que los patrones de inversión de las empresas multinacionales se vuelven más complejos, es necesario contar con estadísticas de IED fiables y comparables a nivel internacional para una toma de decisiones sensata y sólida. La Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa de la OCDE, establece la norma general para las estadísticas de IED, pues ofrece un punto de referencia único para los productores de estadísticas y para los usuarios en todos los aspectos de la información relacionada con la IED, sin dejar de ser consistente con otras normas estadísticas aceptadas a nivel internacional. Esta edición presenta nuevos desgloses analíticos y tratamientos estadísticos que reflejan de una forma más adecuada la realidad de la economía mundial. La edición revisada de la Definición Marco de Inversión Extranjera Directa ofrece métodos para clasificar distintos tipos de IED (como fusiones y adquisiciones, inversiones nuevas) y para identificar al inversor final. Esta nueva edición también contempla aspectos relacionados con el uso de las estadísticas de IED, incluyendo indicadores de globalización, con un capítulo sobre las estadísticas relacionadas con las actividades de las empresas multinacionales.
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  • 108
    ISBN: 9789264094444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; England ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Regionalplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England. England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing. The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
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  • 109
    ISBN: 9789264096905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; San Marino ; Taxation ; San Marino ; San Marino ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 110
    ISBN: 9789264097254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Norwegen ; Taxation ; Norway ; Norwegen ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 111
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redoublement et transfert des élèves : Quel impact pour les systèmes d'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: School systems handle the challenges of diverse student populations in different ways. Some countries have non-selective and comprehensive school systems that seek to provide all students with similar opportunities, leaving it to individual schools and teachers to meet the particular needs of every student. Other countries group students, whether in different schools or in different classes within schools, with the aim of serving students according to their particular academic potential, interests and/or behaviour. Having underperforming students repeat grades or transferring struggling or disruptive students to other schools are two common policies used to group students for this reason...
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  • 112
    ISBN: 9789264113541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society is a compilation of concepts, definitions, classifications and methods for information society measurement and analysis.
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  • 113
    ISBN: 9789264110984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Job-rich growth in Asia
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Asien ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Asien ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: Jobs-rich Growth in Asia discusses some of the most pressing issues that countries in Southeast Asia are facing in regard to boosting local employment and skills development while advancing social protection strategies in emerging, fast-growing labour markets. A joint OECD/ILO initiative, this book analyses local approaches in Asia to modernise labour markets and skills strategies and shows how local recovery is taking place through a combination of policy measures on employment creation, skills development and social protection.
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  • 114
    ISBN: 9789264098978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade for growth and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Fairer Handel ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Entwicklungsmodell ; Weltmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Development ; Trade ; Entwicklungsländer ; Weltwirtschaft ; Entwicklungsländer ; Armut ; Reduktion
    Abstract: Trade promotes economic growth, alleviates poverty and helps countries reach their development goals. However, developing countries – in particular the least developed – face difficulties in making trade happen and turning trade into economic growth. The Aid for Trade Initiative – launched at the 2005 World Trade Organisation conference in Hong Kong – aims at helping these countries to take advantage of trade opportunities and to reap the benefits of their integration into the world economy. The Initiative has been a success: it has not only raised awareness among both donors and developing countries about the role of trade in development, but also helped secure increased resources. Trade for Growth and Poverty Reduction: How Aid for Trade Can Help explains how Aid for Trade can foster economic growth and reduce poverty, and why it is an important instrument for a development strategy that actively supports poverty alleviation. Unlocking this potential requires carefully designed and sequenced trade reforms. While developing countries have many trade-related needs, but financial resources and political capital for reforms are limited, it is an important priority to tackle the most binding constraints to trade expansion. This report describes the diagnostic tools available, evaluates their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests a dynamic framework to guide the sequencing of reform and donor support.
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  • 115
    ISBN: 9789264097629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Nordeuropa ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Faroe Islands ; Greenland ; Iceland ; Färöer ; Grönland ; Island ; Norwegen ; Regionalentwicklung ; Wirtschaftliche Lage
    Abstract: The North Atlantic (NORA) region is a transnational area comprising the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and the coastal counties of Norway. These territories are linked by shared characteristics and challenges, as well as by historical, institutional and cultural links. Improving accessibility to the region, ensuring sustainable development of its fisheries, enlarging and diversifying its economic base, and meeting the challenges of climate change are key issues. Strengthened regional co-operation can help these territories address them by exchanging know-how and best practices, pooling resources and reaching economies of scale, improving the efficiency of public sector provision, and increasing the “voice” of the region. However, transnational co-operation in the NORA region faces some barriers, as it involves territories that compete in their main economic activities, are separated by large distances, and have strong institutional and economic links with other countries and regions. In order to get the most from transnational co-operation, this report recommends that the NORA territories: focus co-operation efforts on targeted themes and issues; draw up a regional development strategy; promote greater awareness of the benefits of co-operation; develop a “variable geometry” approach to regional co-operation; and enlarge and refine the role of the NORA institution as a facilitator of co-operation.
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  • 116
    ISBN: 9789264112995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 ; Élèves en ligne ; Technologies numériques et performance (Volume VI)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 : Élèves en ligne : Technologies numériques et performance (Volume VI)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This sixth volume of PISA 2009 results explores students’ use of information technologies to learn. For PISA 2009, the framework for reading literacy has been developed to encompass reading electronic texts. This has led to an expansion of the description of text types to take account of the electronic environment, as well as a redefinition of the aspects of reading, to embrace, for example, the requirement for integration of information from multiple unrelated texts, as well as other features. The PISA 2009 reading framework and the assessment instrument together provide an operational definition and description of the distinctive structures and types of both text and task that constitute electronic reading, allowing an exploration of factors that contribute to difficulty. PISA 2009 therefore provides an opportunity to investigate electronic reading on a large scale. This book presents some initial findings.
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  • 117
    ISBN: 9789264111110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour des chaînes d'approvisionnement responsables en minerais provenant de zones de conflit ou à haut risque
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas
    Keywords: Governance ; Development ; Ratgeber ; Entwicklungsländer ; Krisengebiet ; Mineral ; Abbau ; Industrie
    Abstract: Trade and investment in natural mineral resources hold great potential for generating income, growth and prosperity, sustaining livelihoods and fostering local development. However, a large share of these resources is located in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. In these areas, exploitation of natural mineral resources is significant and may contribute, directly or indirectly, to armed conflict, gross human rights violations and hinder economic and social development. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas provides step-by-step management recommendations endorsed by governments for global responsible supply chains of minerals in order for companies to respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral or metal purchasing decisions and practices. The Due Diligence Guidance may be used by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas, and is intended to cultivate transparent, conflict-free supply chains and sustainable corporate engagement in the minerals sector.
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  • 118
    ISBN: 9789264096875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique de l'environnement et comportement des ménages
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening household behaviour
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Konsumentenverhalten ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Umweltschutz ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Ressourcenmanagement ; Wirtschaftliches Verhalten ; Environment ; Australien ; Kanada ; Tschechien ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Mexiko ; Niederlande ; Industriestaaten ; Haushalt ; Privater Verbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Umweltbelastung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of what factors affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Recent OECD work based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households across a number of countries and areas represents a breakthrough by providing a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. This publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011 in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and households’ characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This book is a milestone for all those interested by the challenging question of ways to promote greener behaviour, from policy makers to individual citizens.
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  • 119
    ISBN: 9789264110489
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Deutschland ; Taxation ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 120
    ISBN: 9789282102961
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Moving freight with better trucks
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity. The report is based on a review of literature, consultation among stakeholders, and research and analysis from working group members. It also presents the results of a comprehensive benchmarking study of 39 truck configurations in operation around the world – from typical workhorse vehicles to very high capacity vehicles – and assesses their performance in terms of dynamic stability, productivity and impact on the infrastructure.
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  • 121
    ISBN: 9789264113596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Australian VET system has many strengths including strong engagement of employers, a well established national qualification system, extensive VET data and research. The system is flexible and allows for a fair degree of local autonomy and experimentation. But at the same time there are a number of challenges, including a lack of clarity and potentially duplication in the respective roles of Commonwealth, states and territories in planning and delivering VET, a lack of clear and simple rules for entitlement to funding, difficulties in providing a reliable foundation in skills forecasts, some gaps in the data base, somewhat complicated and cumbersome training packages and an ageing teacher and trainer workforce. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 122
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.181
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report surveys national broadband plans (NBP) across the OECD area, providing an overview of common elements and goals in those plans. An annex to this report contains references and links to the plans.
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  • 123
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les élèves d'aujourd'hui lisent-ils par plaisir ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students who are highly engaged in a wide range of reading activities are more likely than other students to be effective learners and to perform well at school. Research also documents a strong link between reading practices, motivation and proficiency among adults. Proficiency in reading is crucial for individuals to make sense of the world they live in and to continue learning throughout their lives...
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  • 124
    ISBN: 9789264113756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Czech Republic has done much to improve its VET system through the introduction of a new qualification system and a national standardised exam in apprenticeship programmes, among other initiatives. The Czech VET system is supported by an impressive date base on labour market outcomes of education and training. At the same time, the general skills of apprenticeship graduates are poor and their situation in the labour market is fragile. Students also need better information about career choices, and the provision of workplace training is highly variable. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 125
    Language: English
    Pages: 130 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.47
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: This study provides a comparative analysis of existing centralised purchasing institutions in selected EU Member States in terms of organisation, coverage, objectives and rationale, financing models, types of framework agreements and call-off systems, as well as the information technology used, and it examines success factors, risks and future challenges.
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  • 126
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.182
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines recent developments regarding the use of fibre to provide local access networks for the provision of broadband access. Countries across the OECD are adopting different approaches to stimulate investment and to define the terms of competition to end-users in a Fibre to the Home/Building (FTTH/B) world.
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  • 127
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP), Spain
    ISBN: 9789264085084
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrity in Public Procurement; Good Practice from A to Z
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'intégrité dans les marchés publics ; Les bonnes pratiques de A à Z
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrity in Public Procurement: Good Practice from A to Z
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'intégrité dans les marchés publics : Les bonnes pratiques de A à Z
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: De todas las actividades gubernamentales, la contratación pública es la más vulnerable a la corrupción. Basta un ejemplo: el soborno realizado por empresas internacionales en los países de la OCDE tiene mucha mayor penetración en las compras públicas que en los de suministros, impuestos o en los tribunales. Dado que la contratación pública es una actividad económica de gran importancia de los gobiernos, calculada en el 15% del PIB, tiene un considerable impacto en cómo se gasta el dinero de los contribuyentes.A pesar que existe un amplio acuerdo en que todas las reformas a las compras públicas deben apegarse a los principios de buen gobierno, los esfuerzos internacionales se han centrado tradicionalmente en el proceso de la licitación. Sin embargo, éste es solamente la “punta del iceberg”. Escándalos recientes de corrupción han atraído la atención a zonas oscuras del ciclo completo de las compras públicas, incluyendo la evaluación de necesidades y la gestión de contratos. Los esfuerzos de reforma frecuentemente han descuidado las excepciones a los procedimientos competitivos tales como la contratación de emergencia y adquisiciones para la defensa.Esta obra va más allá de una declaración general de la importancia del buen gobierno y la prevención en las compras públicas. Ofrece una perspectiva práctica sobre cómo la profesión de la contratación pública está evolucionando para hacer frente a la creciente demanda de integridad, recurriendo a la experiencia de los profesionales en adquisiciones, y así también en especialistas en auditoría, competencia y anticorrupción.El estudio provee, por primera vez, una visión comparativa de prácticas dirigidas a impulsar la integridad a lo largo del ciclo completo de contratación. Asimismo incluye numerosos “elementos de buenas prácticas” identificados no solamente en los países de la OCDE sino también en Brasil, Chile, Dubai, Eslovenia, India, Pakistán, Rumania, y Sudáfrica.
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  • 128
    ISBN: 9789264113879
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Korean VET system is part of a system of education which has achieved huge advances in a very short time; school results and educational attainment levels are now among the highest in OECD countries. At the same time, the rapidity of change has presented the Korean VET system with some significant challenges, including weak involvement of industry in VET, lack of quality standards for workplace training, weak linkages between VET degree and national technical qualifications and lack of practical work experience among VET teachers. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 129
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264116351
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current asparagus standard. This updated brochure illustrates the revised standard text on asparagus. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high-quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in asparagus. The brochure also includes a USB key containing the electronic version of the publication.
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  • 130
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concepcion : Bio Bio Regional Agency for Innovation and Productive Development, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264075900
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development; Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
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  • 131
    ISBN: 9789264059986
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishing a Framework for Evaluation and Teacher Incentives; Considerations for Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishing a Framework for Evaluation and Teacher Incentives: Considerations for Mexico
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: En esta época marcada por las economías del conocimiento y cambios demográficos significativos, todos los sistemas educativos se encuentran ante la necesidad de mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje y lograrlo aún con recursos limitados. Con el fin de asistir a México y a otros países en este desafío, esta publicación presenta recomendaciones para el diseño, planeación, ejecución y monitoreo de políticas educativas en torno a la medición del aprendizaje, los estándares educativos y la evaluación docente, con base en las mejores prácticas internacionales. Considerando que la calidad de los resultados de los sistemas educativos no puede ser mayor que la calidad de sus docentes, esta publicación subraya la importancia de la evaluación y el reconocimiento de los docentes. Sin embargo, la implementación efectiva de reformas educativas puede ser un proceso complejo y con grandes retos. La simple identificación y enumeración de las políticas que deberán ser implementadas no resulta suficiente. Los gobiernos también deberán determinar el “cómo” para el diseño y puesta en marcha de políticas educativas. Para ello, esta publicación presenta recomendaciones específicas y un método para que los tomadores de decisiones y actores relevantes analicen y se apropien de las mejores prácticas internacionales, pero adaptadas a los contextos locales. Este reporte presenta las recomendaciones desarrolladas por el Consejo Asesor de la OCDE sobre Políticas de Evaluación e Incentivos Docentes en México, integrado por expertos reconocidos y analistas de la OCDE.
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  • 132
    ISBN: 9789264098299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; Germany
    Abstract: This publication presents the Development Assistance Committee peer review of the aid programmes and policies of Germany for 2010. The policies and programmes of each DAC member are critically examined approximately once every four or five years. Five members are examined annually. The OECD’s Development Co-operation Directorate provides analytical support and is responsible for developing and maintaining the conceptual framework within which the Peer Reviews are undertaken. The Peer Review is prepared by a team, consisting of representatives of the Secretariat working with officials from two DAC members who are designated as “examiners”. The country under review provides a memorandum setting out the main developments in its policies and programmes. Then the Secretariat and the examiners visit the capital to interview officials, parliamentarians, as well as civil society and NGO representatives of the donor country to obtain a first-hand insight into current issues surrounding the development co-operation efforts of the member concerned. Field visits assess how members are implementing the major DAC policies, principles and concerns, and review operations in recipient countries, particularly with regard to poverty reduction, sustainability, gender equality and other aspects of participatory development, and local aid co-ordination. The Secretariat then prepares a draft report on the member’s development co-operation which is the basis for the DAC review meeting at the OECD. At this meeting senior officials from the member under review respond to questions formulated by the Secretariat in association with the examiners. This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9788831707343
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Venice, Italy 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Venice, Italy 2010
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Questo rapporto su Venezia offre una valutazione complessiva dell’economia della città-regione e di quanto l’utilizzo del territorio, il mercato del lavoro e le politiche ambientali siano inseriti in una visione metropolitana. A guidare questa ricerca una nuova immagine delle province di Padova, Venezia e Treviso considerate come un’unica città-regione interconnessa di 2,6 milioni di abitanti. Venezia, con i suoi elevati livelli occupazionali e di crescita, si situa tra le aree urbane più dinamiche e produttive all’interno dell’ocse. Sviluppatasi sul modello delle piccole imprese e dei distretti industriali, sta ora affrontando una profonda trasformazione economica. Lo storico nucleo urbano di Venezia, erede di secoli di sviluppo economico costruito sui mari, vede ogni giorno accentuarsi l’esplosione nella terra ferma circostante di una struttura spaziale assai articolata capace di integrare in una unica area urbana altre antiche presenze come Padova e Treviso e la consistente rete di città minori. Il modello della city-region assunto dall’ocse per Venezia (uno spazio urbano entro cui si muove quotidianamente la gran parte dei lavoratori e degli studenti per la maggior parte dei giorni dell’anno) deve confrontarsi con sfide ambientali sempre più impegnative, conseguenza dell’aumento del traffico e dei crescenti costi infrastrutturali esacerbati dai fenomeni di dispersione urbana. Anche la sua struttura demografica sta mutando in seguito all’invecchiamento della popolazione, alla presenza di immigrati e al progressivo spopolamento del centro storico della città. Questo rapporto offre un’analisi comparativa di questi temi e, utilizzando il database metropolitano ocse, si concentra nello specifico su produttività e crescita; considerando l’economia regionale, la pianificazione urbana, gli studi sul sistema dei trasporti e i problemi idrologici evidenzia i cambiamenti all’interno della città-regione. Alla luce del programmato sviluppo delle connessioni ferroviarie tra le città, questo studio richiama l’esigenza di programmi atti ad aumentare le sinergie economiche tra Venezia e le città vicine; prende in esame strumenti chiave per promuovere la crescita economica e la governance metropolitana, proponendo inoltre un migliore coordinamento delle politiche riguardanti l’uso del territorio, dei servizi aggiuntivi per lo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese e del potenziamento dell’innovazione legata alle università. Il rapporto valuta la qualità della governance delle acque e la potenzialità che Venezia ha di diventare un punto di riferimento essenziale in relazione alle strategie di adattamento al cambiamento climatico. La “Territorial Review” di Venezia è parte di una serie di studi tematici sulle regioni metropolitane, condotti dal Territorial Development Policy Committee dell’ocse. L’obiettivo generale di questi studi è di delineare e diffondere presso i governi nazionali raccomandazioni riguardo alle politiche orizzontali da adottare.
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  • 134
    ISBN: 9787509007099
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latin American Economic Outlook 2011; How Middle-Class Is Latin America?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2011 ; Une région de classes moyennes ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2011 ; En qué medida es clase media América Latina
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latin American Economic Outlook 2011: How Middle-Class Is Latin America?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2011 : Une région de classes moyennes ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2011 : En qué medida es clase media América Latina
    Keywords: Development
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  • 135
    ISBN: 9789264124974
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité ; Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity; Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Payer pour la biodiversité : Améliorer l'efficacité-coût des paiements pour services écosystémiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (Bulgarian version)
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 136
    ISBN: 9789264116016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (522 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 2011
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A system of health accounts 2011
    DDC: 338.4/73621
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Health accounts ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD-Staaten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitskosten
    Abstract: A System of Health Accounts 2011 provides a systematic description of the financial flows related to the consumption of health care goods and services. As demands for information increase and more countries implement and institutionalise health accounts according to the system, the data produced are expected to be more comparable, more detailed and more policy relevant. This new edition builds on the original OECD Manual, published in 2000, and the Guide to Producing National Health Accounts to create a single global framework for producing health expenditure accounts that can help track resource flows from sources to uses. The Manual is the result of a four-year collaborative effort between the OECD, WHO and the European Commission, and sets out in more detail the boundaries, the definitions and the concepts – responding to health care systems around the globe – from the simplest to the more complicated.
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  • 137
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Barcelona : Fundació Barcelona FP, Spain
    ISBN: 9789264118478
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Formation et emploi ; relever le défi de la réussite
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung; Lernen für die Arbeitswelt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Jobs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Formation et emploi : relever le défi de la réussite
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Studien zur Berufsbildung: Lernen für die Arbeitswelt
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Para los países de la OCDE, un nivel alto de competencias laborales prácticas constituye un medio clave para fomentar el crecimiento económico. En la actualidad, se está sometiendo a los sistemas de educación y formación profesional (EFP) a un intenso escrutinio para determinar si pueden proporcionar las competencias necesarias. Formación para el trabajo es un estudio de la OCDE sobre la educación y formación profesional diseñado para ayudar a los países a dotar a sus sistemas de EFP de una mayor capacidad de respuesta frente a las necesidades del mercado laboral. Expande la evidencia empírica existente, identifica un conjunto de opciones en materia de políticas y desarrolla herramientas para evaluar las políticas de EFP. La OCDE está llevando a cabo informes nacionales sobre las políticas de EFP en Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bélgica (Flandes), Corea, los Estados Unidos (Carolina del Sur y Texas), Hungría, Irlanda, México, Noruega, el Reino Unido (Inglaterra y Gales), la República Checa, Suecia y Suiza. También se han elaborado un informe inicial sobre Chile y un breve informe sobre la República Popular China. El informe inicial de Formación para el trabajo está disponible, en su versión original en inglés, en la web de la OCDE.
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  • 138
    ISBN: 9789264166721
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text on Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in Inshell Hazelnuts and Hazelnut Kernels. The brochure also includes a USB key containing the electronic version of the publication.
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  • 139
    ISBN: 9789264107205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire l'implication des jeunes dans la violence armée ; Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducir la implicación de los jóvenes en la violencia armada ; Notas de programación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réduire l'implication des jeunes dans la violence armée : Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducir la implicación de los jóvenes en la violencia armada : Notas de programación
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: These three Programming Notes build on the 2009 publication entitled Armed Violence Reduction: Enabling Development. These three notes cover: armed violence in urban areas, youth and armed violence, and linkages between armed violence reduction and security system reform.
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  • 140
    ISBN: 9789264122369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 ; Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 234 : Essai de développement sexuel des poissons
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized egg until the completion of sexual differentiation at about 60 days post hatch, to at least three concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. In each treatment level and control(s) group(s), a minimum of four replicates is recommended. At termination of the test, two core endpoints are measured in each fish: vitellogenin concentration from head and tail or from blood sampling, and proportion of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated fish through gonadal histology. In fish species possessing a genetic sex marker, the genetic sex is identified to determine sex reversal in individual fish. The combination of the two core endocrine endpoints, vitellogenin concentration and phenotypic (and possibly genotypic) sex ratio, enable the test to indicate the mode of action of the test chemical.
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  • 141
    ISBN: 9789264096851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Guernsey ; Taxation ; Guernsey ; Guernsey ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 142
    ISBN: 9789264096936
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Trinidad und Tobago ; Taxation ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Trinidad ; Tobago ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 143
    ISBN: 9789264092211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.13
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The impact of the financial crisis on the insurance sector and policy responses
    Keywords: Versicherung ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Versicherungsmarkt ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: This special report assesses the impact of the crisis on the insurance sector and reviews policy responses within OECD countries. It is based to a large extent on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire that was circulated to OECD countries in 2009. The report shows that generallythe insurance sector demonstrated resilience to the crisis, though with some variation across the OECD, and concludes with a number of policy conclusions.
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  • 144
    ISBN: 9789264097377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of regional innovation
    DDC: 338/.06409466
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Baskenland ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Spain ; Baskenland ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation. The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.
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  • 145
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264097704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Slovenia 2011
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Slowenien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: This Review of Corporate Governance in Slovenia describes the corporate governance setting including the structure and ownership concentration of listed companies and the structure and operation of the state-owned sector. The Review then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented.
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  • 146
    ISBN: 9789264096097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in government
    Keywords: Neues Steuerungsmodell ; Niederlande ; Governance ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Verwaltung ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of services for citizens and businesses and on the efficiency of administration (the “back office” of government). The OECD is studying these new trends in a multi-annual, cross-country project called “Value for Money in Government”. This publication focuses on the Netherlands and provides an overview of previous Dutch reforms and recommendations for further reforms in view of the need to get better value for money from government.
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  • 147
    ISBN: 9789264108271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Aruba ; Taxation ; Aruba ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 148
    ISBN: 9789264074989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutenir le renforcement de l'État dans les situations de conflit et de fragilité ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Soutenir le renforcement de l'État dans les situations de conflit et de fragilité : Document d'orientation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Functioning states are essential for reducing poverty, sustaining peace and achieving agreed development goals. Despite receiving growing international attention in recent years, fragile states are falling behind other low-income countries in human development. Fragility – and its negative consequences – can destabilise entire regions and have global repercussions. Tackling the challenges associated with fragility requires a concerted international effort to support sustainable statebuilding processes, based on robust state-society relations. Supporting Statebuilding in Situations of Conflict and Fragility: Policy Guidance presents new thinking on statebuilding and clear recommendations for better practice. It provides an internationally accepted conceptual framework for statebuilding, informed by today’s realities of conflict-affected and fragile situations. Building on good practices already being successfully applied on the ground, this guidance lays out how developing and developed countries can better facilitate positive statebuilding processes and strengthen the foundations upon which capable and legitimate states are built. The recommendations in this guidance address critical areas for better international engagement from strategy development and programme design and delivery to day-to-day operations in the field and at headquarters.
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  • 149
    ISBN: 9789264110458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Kanada ; Taxation ; Canada ; Kanada ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 150
    ISBN: 9789264108295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Bahamas ; Taxation ; Bahamas ; Bahamas ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 151
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement privé : Quels avantages ? Et pour qui ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: At some point in their child’s education, many parents have considered whether it would be worth the expense to enrol their child in a private school. For parents, private schools may offer a particular kind of instruction that is not available in public schools. If private schools also attract higher-performing students and better teachers than public schools, parents will also feel that they are securing the best possible education for their child...
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  • 152
    ISBN: 9789264167070
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (101 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2011; OECD Social Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2011: OECD Social Indicators
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, especially in formerly socialist countries. However, the transition to market economies led to significant restructuring of school systems and a decline in the number of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. To test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves academic outcomes, this paper analyses Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system, which expanded general schooling. Using propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delaying vocational education had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation.
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  • 154
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.184
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Virtual worlds are increasingly evolving into Internet-mediated “spaces”, where large groups of people meet and interact in real-time while experiencing a shared sensation of being there together. This enables richer and more dynamic social interaction and collaboration across national and cultural boundaries over the Internet compared to other traditional ICT-based collaboration environments.
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  • 155
    ISBN: 9789264113749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. This special report looks at the system in China. China’s education system has made dramatic advances: almost all children in China now complete lower secondary education. Around three quarters continue into upper secondary schools, with fast increasing numbers in tertiary education. At upper secondary level about half the cohort enter vocational schools – more than 20 million students. At the same time the system faces significant challenges. The government is seeking to make the system accessible to all students – by removing the fees barrier, ensuring minimum quality standards in all vocational schools, and in providing adequate high quality workplace training opportunities. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 156
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelle est la réponse des systèmes d'éducation face à l'effectif croissant d'élèves issus de l'immigration ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Whether in flight from conflict, with the hope of building a better life, or to seize a social or economic opportunity, people have been crossing borders for as long as there have been borders to cross. Modern means of transportation and communication, the globalisation of the labour market, and the ageing of populations in OECD countries will drive migration well into the next decades. The key to maintaining social cohesion during these population movements is to integrate immigrants and their families well into their adopted countries; and education can be a powerful lever to achieve this.
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  • 157
    ISBN: 9789264114012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. South Carolina offers career and technology education (CATE) programs in high schools and career and technology centers, with relatively good status and linked to expectations of strong general skills. A reform agenda reflected in the ‘Education and Economic Development Act’ includes the development of high quality career guidance. There is also a strong technical college system. Wider challenges include an underlying problem of resources for schools, the need to further develop workplace learning, and the lack of basic skills both among school-leavers and adults. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the CATE system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 158
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Sovereign Borrowing and Public Debt Management no.1
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  • 159
    ISBN: 9789264091269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie ; Version préliminaire; Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La littératie, un atout pour la vie : Version préliminaire: Nouveaux résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Literacy for Life is the second report from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. It presents additional results on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term. It offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation of adult skills in various settings – at home and at work – for the eleven countries participating in the first and last round of data collection between 2003 and 2008. The study offers comparative evidence on the impact of various factors on the supply of skill. The study offers a special focus on numeracy skills and problem solving skills. It explores the relationships between numeracy and key socio-demographic factors as well as labour market outcomes and earnings. It highlights the importance of problem solving skills by defining this foundational skill and by exploring its determinants as well as its relative role in influencing important labour market outcomes. The report offers also an analysis of performance across multiple skill domains. It investigates the skill profiles of various population groups defined in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of those who score at levels deemed to be low in one or more skill domains and explores the resulting consequences. The report concludes by investigating the issue of skill mismatch in the labour market and its relationship to adult learning. The extent and distribution of mismatch between the day-to-day literacy related requirements of workers and the literacy skills they have obtained is an important issue that is being explored in this study.
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  • 160
    ISBN: 9789264122383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 ; Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 235 : Chironomus sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an acute immobilisation assay on chronomids and is designed to complement existing Test Guidelines for chironomid chronic toxicity assays (TG 218, 219 and 233). The test method is based on TG 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test. First instar Chironomus sp. larvae are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance in water-only vessels for a period of 48 hours. C. riparius is the preferred species but C. dilutus or C. yoshimatsui may also be used for the test. At least 20 larvae, preferably divided into four groups of five larvae each, should be used for each test concentration and for controls. In the definitive test, at least five test concentrations should be used, with a dilution water control and solvent control (if appropriate). Immobilisation is recorded at 24 and 48 hours, and if data allow, the EC50 is calculated at 24 and 48 hours. A limit test with a single concentration may also be performed at 100 mg/L of test substance or up to the practical limit of solubility (whichever is lowest) in order to demonstrate that the EC50 is greater than this concentration.
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  • 161
    ISBN: 9789264113558
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Edition: Versão Condensada
    Keywords: Development
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  • 162
    ISBN: 9789264122642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 ; Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 456 : Essai de stéroi͏̈dogenèse H295R
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. After an acclimation period of 24 h in multi-well plates, cells are exposed for 48 h to seven concentrations of the test chemical in at least triplicate. Solvent and a known inhibitor and inducer of hormone production are run at a fixed concentration as negative and positive controls. At the end of the exposure period, cell viability in each well is analyzed. Concentrations of hormones in the medium can be measured using a variety of methods including commercially available hormone measurement kits and/or instrumental techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data are expressed as fold change relative to the solvent control and the Lowest-Observed-Effect-Concentration. If the assay is negative, the highest concentration tested is reported as the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration.
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  • 163
    ISBN: 9789264115934
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 2011
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: Tema destacado: La reforma fiscal para una economía mexicana más fuerte, más justa y más limpia.
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  • 164
    ISBN: 9789264097780
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Series Statement: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Chile's International Scholarship Programme
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: La educación ha sido una prioridad central para Chile desde hace mucho tiempo y un factor clave para su desarrollo económico. Durante las dos últimas décadas, el país ha hecho un gran esfuerzo por aumentar el número de jóvenes que acceden a la educación superior. En 2008, Chile lanzó una prometedora iniciativa para desarrollar su capital humano con un programa de becas en el extranjero – el Programa Becas Chile – con el objetivo de formar a los 30 000 mejores estudiantes, incluyendo profesores y técnicos, en instituciones a su elección del mundo entero. Este informe conjunto de la OCDE y el Banco Mundial, proporciona una visión general del capital humano en Chile; describe las características del Programa Becas Chile; analiza puntos estratégicos y operacionales; y proporciona recomendaciones para mantener y mejorar el programa de becas en el extranjero. Este informe será de utilidad tanto a los profesionales de la educación en Chile como a sus colegas internacionales.
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  • 165
    ISBN: 9789264122819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 ; Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 488 : Essais de mutations génétiques des cellules somatiques et germinales de rongeurs transgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo assay that detects chemicals that may induce gene mutations. In this assay, transgenic rats or mice that contain multiple copies of chromosomally integrated plasmid or phage shuttle vectors are used. The transgenes contain reporter genes for the detection of various types of mutations induced by test substances. A negative control group and a minimum of 3 treatment groups of transgenic animals are treated for 28 consecutive days. Administration is usually followed by a 3-day period of time, prior to sacrifice, during which the agent is not administered and during which unrepaired DNA lesions are fixed into stable mutations. At the end of this 3-day period, the animals are sacrificed, genomic DNA is isolated from the tissue(s) of interest and purified. Mutations that have arisen during treatment are scored by recovering the transgene and analysing the phenotype of the reporter gene in a bacterial host deficient for the reporter gene. Mutant frequency, the reported parameter in these assays,is calculated by dividing the number of plaques/plasmids containing mutations in the transgene by the total number of plaques/plasmids recovered from the same DNA sample.
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  • 166
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264119581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Griechenland ; Education ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Finland ; Germany ; Japan ; Poland ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United States ; Griechenland ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: The future of Greece’s well-being will depend on improving educational performance to boost productivity and improve social outcomes. In the current economic context, with the need to get best value for spending, Greece must and can address inefficiencies in its education system. The challenges are significant. For example, Greece lags behind many OECD countries in performance on PISA, including countries with the same or lower levels of expenditure per student as well as countries with the same and lower levels of economic development. Salary costs per student are above the OECD average, mostly because Greek teachers have less teaching time and Greece has smaller classes. A smaller percentage of students who enter tertiary education complete a first degree within the statutory study time than in any other country in Europe. To address the challenges, the Greek government has established a bold agenda and sought advice from a task force on the development and implementation of reform proposals that reflect best practices in OECD countries. This report provides the outcomes of the work of the task force. It presents a roadmap for how the reforms can be successfully implemented, with pointers to relevant experience in other countries. As a contribution to the on-going policy discussions in Greece, it recommends specific short-, medium- and long-term actions that can improve efficiency in the country’s education system.
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  • 167
    ISBN: 9789264110618
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation; Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: As alterações climáticas são uma ameaça séria e a longo prazo que pode afetar todo o globo. Os seus impactes negativos atingirão as pessoas pobres e os países pobres de forma desproporcional e comprometerão a persecução dos seus objetivos de desenvolvimento. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento fornece informação essencial e aconselha o modo de facilitação a integração da adaptação nos processos de desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas são: i) promover o entendimento das implicações das alterações climáticas na prática do desenvolvimento e a necessidade associada de integrar a adaptação ao clima nas agências de cooperação para o desenvolvimento e nos países parceiros; ii) identificar abordagens apropriadas para integrar a adaptação às alterações climáticas nas políticas de desenvolvimento aos níveis nacional, setorial e de projeto e nos contextos urbanos e rurais; e iii) identificar meios práticos para os doadores apoiarem os países em desenvolvimento parceiros nos seus esforços para reduzir a sua vulnerabilidade à variabilidade e alterações climáticas. Enquanto os esforços para integrar a adaptação aos às alterações climáticas serão conduzidos pelos países em desenvolvimento parceiros, os doadores internacionais têm um papel crítico a desempenhar no apoio a tais esforços. Este guia para o desenvolvimento de políticas é especialmente formatado para os agentes de definição de políticas e para as agências de cooperação e suas contrapartes nos governos dos países em desenvolvimento, bem como para as partes interessadas não governamentais.
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  • 168
    ISBN: 9789264122550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 ; Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 443 : Étude étendue de toxicité pour la reproduction sur une génération
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to provide an evaluation of reproductive and developmental effects that may occur as a result of pre- and postnatal chemical exposure as well as an evaluation of systemic toxicity in pregnant and lactating females and young and adult offspring. In the assay, sexually-mature males and females rodents (parental (P) generation) are exposed to graduated doses of the test substance starting 2 weeks before mating and continuously through mating, gestation and weaning of their pups (F1 generation). At weaning, pups are selected and assigned to cohorts of animals for reproductive/developmental toxicity testing (cohort 1), developmental neurotoxicity testing (cohort 2) and developmental immunotoxicity testing (cohort 3). The F1 offspring receive further treatment with the test substance from weaning to adulthood. Clinical observations and pathology examinations are performed on all animals for signs of toxicity, with special emphasis on the integrity and performance of the male and female reproductive systems and the health, growth, development and function of the offspring. Part of cohort 1 (cohort 1B) may be extended to include an F2 generation; in this case, procedures for F1 animals will be similar to those for the P animals.
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jerusalem : Ministry of Finance, Israel
    ISBN: 9789264128910
    Language: Hebrew
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Israel 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE; Israe͏̈l 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE: Israe͏̈l 2011
    Keywords: Economics ; Israel
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP), Spain
    ISBN: 9789264091412
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (237 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Government at a Glance 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama des administrations publiques 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regierung und Verwaltung auf einen Blick 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Uno sguardo sulla pubblica amministrazione 2009
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Lo que hacen los gobiernos es importante. Los retos mundiales actuales como los financieros, económicos, sociales y ambientales destacan el papel único que desempeñan los gobiernos al servicio del interés público. Las acciones y las políticas de gobierno tocan nuestra vida cotidiana de incontables maneras, desde obtener un permiso para conducir hasta el pago de impuestos por nuestros ingresos para mantener el orden público y la seguridad. El gobierno es un actor clave en todas las sociedades, contribuye al crecimiento económico, proporciona bienes y servicios, regula la conducta de los negocios y de los individuos, y redistribuye el ingreso. Una porción importante de la economía está dedicada a la actividad pública: en 2007, el gasto gubernamental fue entre el 30 y 53% del PIB en los países de la OCDE. Dado que los gobiernos proporcionan una gran y cambiante cantidad de bienes y servicios, cuantificar y evaluar las acciones de gobierno puede ayudar a los responsables de gestión y a los líderes tomar mejores decisiones, y puede ayudar al gobierno a rendir cuentas a sus ciudadanos. Además, describir las estructuras y la organización de gobierno puede mostrar similitudes y diferencias importantes entre países, y facilitar el aprendizaje mutuo. La calidad, la flexibilidad y la efectividad de los sistemas de gobierno público son fundamentales en las capacidades de los países para afrontar las cuestiones futuras. Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas es una publicación bienal nueva de la OCDE. Provee más de 30 indicadores que describen elementos clave subyacentes al cumplimiento del gobierno. Con un enfoque sobre la administración pública, la publicación compara los marcos político e institucional entre los países de la OCDE. Además compara los ingresos, los gastos y el empleo del gobierno. También incluye indicadores que describen políticas y prácticas de gobierno en integridad, e-gobierno y gobierno abierto, e introduce varios indicadores compuestos que resumen aspectos clave de las prácticas de administración pública en la gestión de recursos humanos, en la elaboración de presupuesto y en la gestión de la regulación. Las estadísticas y las gráficas de la obra incluyen un enlace interactivo URL (StatLink) que remite al lector a una página web en la que encontrará los datos correspondientes en formato Excel.
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  • 171
    ISBN: 9789264097391
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lessons from PISA for Mexico
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: En noviembre de 2007, el presidente Felipe Calderón presentó las principales estrategias, objetivos y metas de desempeño en educación del gobierno mexicano. La primera meta de desempeño de la administración del presidente Calderón fue elevar substancialmente el aprovechamiento de los alumnos para alcanzar un promedio nacional combinado de 435 puntos en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA, por sus siglas en inglés), en lectura y matemáticas, para el año 2012. En esta publicación se presenta un resumen de las tendencias en el desempeño de México en PISA y se les considera en relación con el objetivo de PISA fijado por el gobierno mexicano. Asimismo, se examinan las tendencias con respecto al acceso a la educación para los jóvenes de 15 años de edad y las cuestiones de equidad, indicadas por el impacto del entorno socioeconómico en el desempeño de los alumnos. Los adelantos que ha logrado México desde que el presidente Calderón estableció la meta de desempeño de PISA han sido significativos. México parece estar bien encaminado para cumplir su objetivo de desempeño en 2012. Además, en la publicación se analiza el desempeño de México en comparación con otros países de la OCDE, del G20 y con economías similares a fin de destacar que aún se necesita mejorar. Con base en una comparación del desempeño entre las escuelas mexicanas, el informe indica que un desempeño relativamente más alto no está condicionado por el entorno socioeconómico. El reporte concluye al reunir evidencia de PISA y el análisis de una selección de los sistemas educativos de desempeño más alto, con lo que se ofrece una perspectiva a largo plazo para la mejora educativa en México.
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  • 172
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beit Dagan : Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
    ISBN: 9789264126114
    Language: Hebrew
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Israel 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Israel 2010
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Israel
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  • 173
    ISBN: 9789264097087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Australien ; Taxation ; Australia ; Australien ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 174
    ISBN: 9789264097896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Portugal 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2011
    Keywords: Environment ; Portugal
    Abstract: This report presents the OECD review of Portugal’s environmental policy performance for 2011. It finds that environmental policies have been consolidated and strengthened since the last review in 2001, but that meeting the post-Kyoto targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be challenging. With energy and climate policies being closely related, the report points out that with less than 50% of hydro capacity currently being exploited, there is potential for further development in that area. It also describes the challenges regarding coastal zone and marine management. Topics covered in the report include greening growth, implementation of environmental policies , international co-operation , climate change, waste management and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and nature and biodiversity. Further information about the Environmental Performance Review programme is available on line via www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews.
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  • 175
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faut-il investir dans les cours de soutien après la classe ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: With all the competition to get into the right universities to secure the best jobs, secondary school students are often encouraged to take after-school classes in subjects already taught in school to help them improve their performance – even if that means forsaking other fun and interesting ways of spending after-school hours, such as playing sports, taking music lessons or volunteering at a local community centre or hospital. Students in the OECD area spend an average of nearly two-and-a-half hours per week in after-school lessons. In Greece, Israel, Korea, Turkey and the partner countries Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Qatar and Tunisia, students spend over four-and-a-half hours per week in such classes. Does that investment in after-school classes pay off?...
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  • 176
    ISBN: 9789264108868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Ghana ; Taxation ; Ghana ; Ghana ; Finanzbauverwaltung ; Steuersystem ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 177
    ISBN: 9789264112452
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science, technologie et industrie ; Perspectives de l'OCDE 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science, technologie et industrie : Perspectives de l'OCDE 2010
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  • 178
    ISBN: 9789264096790
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Asia 2011
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Asien ; Governance ; Asien ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: In 2003, the Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance produced recommendations to improve corporate governance in Asia, based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. This report summarises the results of a stocktaking exercise to determine progress made to date and the challenges remaining in the implementation of these recommendations. Included in this book are valuable insights into corporate governance rules and practices of listed companies in Asia, notably: shareholder rights, the protection of non-controlling owners, transparency and disclosure, as well as the role of company boards.
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  • 179
    ISBN: 9789282103081
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.149
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la pratique de l'évaluation des projets de transport
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is indispensable for making good decisions on what transport projects to fund. It essentially aims to figure out which projects offer the best value for money. However, the practical relevance of CBA does not always live up to its appeal in principle. One problem is that there is sometimes disagreement over what to include in CBA, both on the cost side and the benefits side of the analysis. As a result, value for money is not always fully transparent. More politically, value for money is only a partial criterion for decision-making, leading to disagreement about the relative importance of the results from CBA compared to other inputs to the decision-making process. This report examines the extent to which these shortcomings can be addressed. In terms of what to include in CBA, discussion focuses on equity and distributional impacts, productivity effects, agglomeration benefits and external costs. The focus then turns to how best to present guidance on project selection to decision makers. The report includes papers on the way CBA is used in three countries – France, Mexico and the United Kingdom – and how it is evolving in response to changing policy priorities.
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  • 180
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264096868
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE; Suisse, 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Switzerland 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE: Suisse, 2011
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Switzerland
    Abstract: BLURB - GERMAN Die Regionen in der Schweiz erzielen in vielen Hinsichten gute Ergebnisse. Sie verbuchen ein hohes BIP pro Einwohner, die Arbeitslosigkeit ist niedrig, und manche Regionen verzeichnen ein beeindruckendes Wirtschaftswachstum. Auβerdem steht die Schweiz nicht vor Herausforderungen, mit denen viele ähnliche Regionen in der OECD konfrontiert wurden, wie mangelnder Zugang zu Dienstleistungen oder Bevölkerungsrückgang durch Überalterung oder Abwanderung. Nur die Förderung der Arbeitsproduktivität stellt weiterhin ein Problem dar, mit dessen Lösung die Regionalpolitik sich befassen muss. Zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsleistung wurde 2008, im Anschluss an den OECD-Prüfbericht 2002, die neue Schweizer Regionalpolitik (NRP) eingeführt. Die NRP stellt einen klaren Paradigmenwechsel dar, da sie sich nicht mehr auf den Bau von Infrastrukturen und die Gewährung von Finanzhilfen konzentriert, sondern die Wirtschaftsförderung zur gezielten Mehrwertschöpfung in den Regionen in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Dieser Bericht enthält Empfehlungen, wie das Ergebnis der NRP durch die Ausweitung des Wirkungsbereichs auf das gesamte Land, engere interkantonale Zusammenarbeit und besser koordinierte Sektoralpolitiken optimiert werden kann. Ferner befasst der Bericht sich mit der regionalen Innovationsförderung. In diesem Rahmen wird empfohlen, die Aufgaben der einzelnen Staatsebenen klarer zu definieren, Forschung und Technologietransfer auf Landesebene vom Bund finanzieren zu lassen und die Kantone mit der Innovationsförderung in den Funktionalräumen zu beauftragen. Der OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz 2011 ist in das breiter gefasste Raumentwicklungsprogramm des OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee eingebettet. Ziel der Prüfberichte ist es, den Behörden der einzelnen Staaten praxisbezogene Ratschläge für die Raumentwicklung zu geben. Zu den bereits geprüften Ländern zählen Chile, Finnland, Frankreich, Italien, Japan, Kanada, Korea, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Norwegen, Polen, Portugal, Schweden und die Schweiz, die Tschechische Republik und Ungarn. Leseempfehlung OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz (2002)
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  • 181
    ISBN: 9789264119208
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance of listed companies in China
    DDC: 338.60951
    RVK:
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Aufsichtsrat ; China ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: This report looks at the institutional framework of corporate governance in China through the prism of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and is a product of the ongoing OECD-China Policy Dialogue on Corporate Governance. By assessing a broad range of laws, regulations and codes, it provides a valuable reference for understanding how much has been achieved in Chinese corporate governance and the main ambitions of future reform efforts. The report shows that corporate governance has improved significantly since the Chinese stock market was created in 1990, with important achievements in establishing and developing the legal and regulatory framework. The OECD-China Self-Assessment represents a thorough review of all laws, regulations and codes that relate to every principle recommended by the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. It documents the advances in the Chinese Corporate Governance framework. Building on this report, bilateral co-operation between China and the OECD will continue to enhance the understanding of China’s corporate governance system and how it impacts on company and investor behaviour.
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  • 182
    ISBN: 9789264111745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smart rules for fair trade
    DDC: 382/.63
    Keywords: 1961-2011 ; Exportkredit ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Exportkredit
    Abstract: On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising governments’ use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD’s motto on its 50th anniversary is “Better Policies for Better Lives.” This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing “smart rules” that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end.
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  • 183
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.185
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: These terms of reference articulate a shared view among OECD members about key aspects of the current context for privacy protection and provide orientation for further work on the review of the OECD Privacy Guidelines in light of changing technologies, markets and user behaviour and the growing importance of digital identities.
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  • 184
    ISBN: 9789264114029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. In Texas, secondary level career and technical education (CTE) is provided within a comprehensive high school framework. Texas has encouraged a wide variety of innovative learning initiatives, established good articulation between high school CTE and postsecondary programs and benefits from a strong network of community colleges and universities. At the same time the state faces some challenges in ensuring minimum quality standards in CTE, in providing sufficient good quality career advice, and providing an adequate range of workplace learning opportunities. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the CTE system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 185
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/01
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  • 186
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.175
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Bundling can provide both benefits and drawbacks to broadband customers. In general, bundled services are less expensive when purchased together and consumer surplus from one good in the bundle can help “subsidise” another less-valued element. Bundling also allows the integration of products in a way that benefits consumers such as by giving them unified billing, a common helpline number or the integration of voice mail message retrieval via the television set...
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  • 187
    ISBN: 9789264113763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. In England and Wales, a substantial commitment, backed by increased resources, has been made to the enhancement of workplace skills. Policy-making is self-evidently dynamic and innovative and governments are making conscious attempts to improve employer engagement – the particular topic of this report. At the same time there are a number of challenges – in particular that of linking enhanced employer engagement to a strong apprenticeship system, and of overcoming the obstacle of a complex and unstable institutional environment. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 188
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.176
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Thirty years ago OECD governments adopted a set of Guidelines governing the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. Faced with twin concerns about threats to privacy from more intensive use of personal data and the risk to the global economy of restrictions on the flow of information, the OECD produced the first internationally agreed statement of the core privacy protection principles. The Guidelines represent an international consensus on personal data protection in the public and private sectors. They have influenced the development of national legislation and model codes within OECD member countries, and beyond. This report begins by recalling the development and influence of the Guidelines. It then describes a number of current trends in the processing of personal data and the privacy risks in this evolving environment. It identifies some of the challenges that today’s environment brings for protecting privacy under existing approaches, and highlights a number of current initiatives and innovative approaches to privacy. Particular attention is focused on the impact of the Internet and other technologies, consistent with the issues and priorities highlighted in the 2008 Seoul Ministerial on the Future of the Internet Economy. The report aims to take a broad view of the current landscape for privacy, with a primary focus on economic activities. It does not describe in detail the myriad of initiatives to implement the Privacy Guidelines in OECD countries and beyond.
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  • 189
    ISBN: 9789264119994
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing and Reducing Armed Violence in Urban Areas; Programming Note
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir et réduire la violence armée dans les zones urbaines ; Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Preventing and Reducing Armed Violence in Urban Areas: Programming Note
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir et réduire la violence armée dans les zones urbaines : Note de programmation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Con el fin de ayudar los expertos en desarrollo a hacer frente al problema de la violencia armada, tres notas de programación han sido elaboradas con el fin de sacar todo el partido a la publicación de 2009 Reducir la violencia armada: Hacer posible el desarrollo. Estas tres notas cubren los siguientes temas: la violencia armada en zonas urbanas, la juventud y la violencia armada, los vínculos existentes entre la reducción de la violencia armada y la reforma de los sistemas de seguridad.
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  • 190
    ISBN: 9789264120501
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linking Security System Reform and Armed Violence Reduction; Programming Note
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relier la réforme des systèmes de sécurité et la réduction de la violence armée ; Note de programmation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linking Security System Reform and Armed Violence Reduction: Programming Note
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relier la réforme des systèmes de sécurité et la réduction de la violence armée : Note de programmation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Con el fin de ayudar los expertos en desarrollo a hacer frente al problema de la violencia armada, tres notas de programación han sido elaboradas con el fin de sacar todo el partido a la publicación de 2009 Reducir la violencia armada: Hacer posible el desarrollo. Estas tres notas cubren los siguientes temas: la violencia armada en zonas urbanas, la juventud y la violencia armada, los vínculos existentes entre la reducción de la violencia armada y la reforma de los sistemas de seguridad.
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  • 191
    ISBN: 9789264167100
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC-Reihe Leitlinien und Grundsatztexte; Qualitätsstandards für die Entwicklungsevaluierung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quality Standards for Development Evaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Normes de qualité pour l'évaluation du développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices y Referencias del CAD (series) Estándares de Calidad para la Evaluación del Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC-Reihe Leitlinien und Grundsatztexte: Qualitätsstandards für die Entwicklungsevaluierung
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Based on a broad international consultative process, the DAC Quality Standards for Development Evaluation are a reference guide to good practice in development evaluation. With a view to improving the quality of evaluation processes and products, and facilitating collaboration, this reference guide lays out standards for each phase of a typical evaluation process: from defining purpose, to planning, designing, implementing, reporting, and learning from and using evaluation results.
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  • 192
    ISBN: 9789264130746
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Value for Money in Government
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Value for money in government
    Keywords: Regierung ; Dänemark ; Governance ; Denmark
    Abstract: This report presents the results of an assessment of the organisation of the central government of Denmark. The study looks at reforms that are aimed at improving the quality of services (more value) and efficiency (less money) in central government. Starting with facts and quantitative benchmarks on the Danish central government, the study reviews recent reforms in Denmark, and makes recommendations in ten selected areas. The study concludes with a survey of the effects on the quality of services and the potential savings.
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  • 193
    ISBN: 9789264112520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Keywords: Development ; New Zealand
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 2010 peer review of New Zealand's development assistance programmes and policies. This review assesses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of New Zealand meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations.
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  • 194
    ISBN: 9789264069923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201; Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 201: Algues d'eau douce et cyanobactéries, essai d'inhibition de la croissance
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to determine the effects of a substance on the growth of freshwater microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. Exponentially growing test organisms are exposed to the test substance in batch cultures over a period of normally 72 hours. The system response is the reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures exposed to, at least, five concentrations of a test substance. Three replicates at each test concentration should be used. The response is evaluated as a function of the exposure concentration in comparison with the average growth of control cultures. The cultures are allowed unrestricted exponential growth under nutrient sufficient conditions (two alternative growth media: the OECD and the AAP) and continuous fluorescent illumination. Growth and growth inhibition are quantified from measurements of the algal biomass as a function of time. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes: the determination, at least daily, of the algal biomass; the measure of the pH (at the beginning and at the end); microscopic observation. This Test Guideline describes two response variables: average specific growth rate, and yield.
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  • 195
    ISBN: 9789264095359
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; Overcoming Social Background; Equity in Learning Opportunities and Outcomes (Volume II)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 ; Surmonter le milieu social ; L'égalité des chances et l'équité du rendement de l'apprentissage (Volume II)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: Overcoming Social Background: Equity in Learning Opportunities and Outcomes (Volume II)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 : Surmonter le milieu social : L'égalité des chances et l'équité du rendement de l'apprentissage (Volume II)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Sind die Schülerinnen und Schüler gut auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft vorbereitet? Können sie analysieren, logisch denken und ihre Ideen effektiv kommunizieren? Haben sie Interessen entwickelt, die sie ihr ganzes Leben hindurch als produktive Mitglieder von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft weiterverfolgen können? Die Internationale Schulleistungsstudie der OECD (PISA) sucht durch die umfassendste und weitreichendste internationale Erhebung der Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten von Schülerinnen und Schülern Antworten auf diese Fragen zu liefern. Die Gruppe der an PISA teilnehmenden Länder und Partnerländer macht insgesamt nahezu 90% der Weltwirtschaft aus. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse stellt die Erkenntnisse vor, die bei der jüngsten PISA-Erhebung gewonnen wurden. Schwerpunkt war diesmal wieder die Lesekompetenz, evaluiert wurden aber auch die Schülerleistungen in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. . Band I, Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können: Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, vergleicht die Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten der Schüler in den verschiedenen Ländern. · Band II, Potenziale nutzen und Chancengerechtigkeit sichern: Sozialer Hintergrund und Schülerleistungen, befasst sich mit der Frage, wie gut es den Bildungssystemen gelingt, den Effekt des sozioökonomischen Hintergrunds und des Migrationsstatus auf die Schüler- und Schulleistungen einzudämmen. · Band III, Learning to Learn: Student Engagement, Strategies and Practices (nur in Englisch verfügbar), setzt sich mit der Motivation, dem Leseengagement und dem Einsatz effektiver Lernstrategien bei 15-Jährigen auseinander. · Band IV, Was macht eine Schule erfolgreich? Lernumfeld und schulische Organisation in PISA, untersucht, wie sich die personellen, finanziellen und materiellen Ressourcen sowie die Politik und Praxis der Schulen auf die Lernergebnisse der Schüler auswirken. · Band V, Lernfortschritte im globalen Wettbewerb: Veränderungen bei den Schülerleistungen seit 2000, befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Fortschritte die Länder bei der Anhebung des Leistungsniveaus und der Verbesserung der Chancengerechtigkeit in der Bildung erzielt haben. · Band VI, Students On Line: Reading and Using Digital Information (nur in Englisch verfügbar), untersucht, wie gut die Schülerinnen und Schüler Informationstechnologien für Lernzwecke nutzen können. PISA 2009 markiert den Beginn des zweiten Erhebungszyklus, in dessen Rahmen 2012 schwerpunkmäßig die Mathematikleistungen und 2015 die Leistungen in Naturwissenschaften untersucht werden sollen. Die Internationale Schulleistungsstudie der OECD (PISA) PISA richtet das Augenmerk auf die Fähigkeit der Jugendlichen, ihre Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten zur Bewältigung alltäglicher Herausforderungen einzusetzen. Diese Orientierung spiegelt eine Veränderung in den Zielen der Lehrpläne wider, in denen es zunehmend darum geht, wie die Schülerinnen und Schüler ihr Schulwissen konkret nutzen können, und nicht mehr nur um die Fähigkeit zur Wiedergabe des Gelernten. Zu den Besonderheiten von PISA gehören: · Politikorientierung: Daten über die Lernergebnisse der Schülerinnen und Schüler werden mit Informationen über deren Hintergrundmerkmale und über wichtige Faktoren, die ihr Lernen innerhalb und außerhalb der Schule beeinflussen, verknüpft, um Unterschiede bei den Leistungsstrukturen hervorzuheben und zu untersuchen, wodurch sich Schüler, Schulen und Bildungssysteme, die hohe Leistungen erbringen, auszeichnen. · Innovatives Konzept der Grundbildung: Dabei geht es um die Kapazität der Schülerinnen und Schüler, Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten in wichtigen Fächern zur Definition, Interpretation und Lösung von Problemen in einer Vielzahl von Situationen zu nutzen, sowie ihre Fähigkeit, zu analysieren, logisch zu denken und effektiv zu kommunizieren. · Relevanz für das lebenslange Lernen: Bei PISA werden nicht nur die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in den Schulfächern erfasst, sondern auch Informationen über ihre Lernmotivation, Selbsteinschätzung und Lernstrategien erhoben. · Regelmäßigkeit: Die Länder haben die Möglichkeit, ihre Fortschritte bei der Verwirklichung entscheidender Lernziele im Zeitverlauf zu beobachten. · Große geografische Reichweite und kooperativer Charakter: An PISA 2009 nahmen alle 34 OECD-Mitgliedstaaten sowie 41 Partnerländer und -volkswirtschaften teil.
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  • 196
    ISBN: 9789264095410
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (285 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results; What Makes a School Successful?; Resources, Policies and Practices (Volume IV)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 ; Les clés de la réussite des établissements d'enseignement ; Ressources, politiques et pratiques (Volume IV)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2009 Results: What Makes a School Successful?: Resources, Policies and Practices (Volume IV)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2009 : Les clés de la réussite des établissements d'enseignement : Ressources, politiques et pratiques (Volume IV)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Sind die Schülerinnen und Schüler gut auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft vorbereitet? Können sie analysieren, logisch denken und ihre Ideen effektiv kommunizieren? Haben sie Interessen entwickelt, die sie ihr ganzes Leben hindurch als produktive Mitglieder von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft weiterverfolgen können? Die Internationale Schulleistungsstudie der OECD (PISA) sucht durch die umfassendste und weitreichendste internationale Erhebung der Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten von Schülerinnen und Schülern Antworten auf diese Fragen zu liefern. Die Gruppe der an PISA teilnehmenden Länder und Partnerländer macht insgesamt nahezu 90% der Weltwirtschaft aus. PISA 2009 Ergebnisse stellt die Erkenntnisse vor, die bei der jüngsten PISA-Erhebung gewonnen wurden. Schwerpunkt war diesmal wieder die Lesekompetenz, evaluiert wurden aber auch die Schülerleistungen in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. · Band I, Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können: Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, vergleicht die Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten der Schüler in den verschiedenen Ländern. · Band II, Potenziale nutzen und Chancengerechtigkeit sichern: Sozialer Hintergrund und Schülerleistungen, befasst sich mit der Frage, wie gut es den Bildungssystemen gelingt, den Effekt des sozioökonomischen Hintergrunds und des Migrationsstatus auf die Schüler- und Schulleistungen einzudämmen. · Band III, Learning to Learn: Student Engagement, Strategies and Practices (nur in Englisch verfügbar), setzt sich mit der Motivation, dem Leseengagement und dem Einsatz effektiver Lernstrategien bei 15-Jährigen auseinander. · Band IV, Was macht eine Schule erfolgreich? Lernumfeld und schulische Organisation in PISA, untersucht, wie sich die personellen, finanziellen und materiellen Ressourcen sowie die Politik und Praxis der Schulen auf die Lernergebnisse der Schüler auswirken. · Band V, Lernfortschritte im globalen Wettbewerb: Veränderungen bei den Schülerleistungen seit 2000, befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Fortschritte die Länder bei der Anhebung des Leistungsniveaus und der Verbesserung der Chancengerechtigkeit in der Bildung erzielt haben. · Band VI, Students On Line: Reading and Using Digital Information (nur in Englisch verfügbar), untersucht, wie gut die Schülerinnen und Schüler Informationstechnologien für Lernzwecke nutzen können. PISA 2009 markiert den Beginn des zweiten Erhebungszyklus, in dessen Rahmen 2012 schwerpunktmäßig die Mathematikleistungen und 2015 die Leistungen in Naturwissenschaften untersucht werden sollen. Die Internationale Schulleistungsstudie der OECD (PISA) PISA richtet das Augenmerk auf die Fähigkeit der Jugendlichen, ihre Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten zur Bewältigung alltäglicher Herausforderungen einzusetzen. Diese Orientierung spiegelt eine Veränderung in den Zielen der Lehrpläne wider, in denen es zunehmend darum geht, wie die Schülerinnen und Schüler ihr Schulwissen konkret nutzen können, und nicht mehr nur um die Fähigkeit zur Wiedergabe des Gelernten. Zu den Besonderheiten von PISA gehören: · Politikorientierung: Daten über die Lernergebnisse der Schülerinnen und Schüler werden mit Informationen über deren Hintergrundmerkmale und über wichtige Faktoren, die ihr Lernen innerhalb und außerhalb der Schule beeinflussen, verknüpft, um Unterschiede bei den Leistungsstrukturen hervorzuheben und zu untersuchen, wodurch sich Schüler, Schulen und Bildungssysteme, die hohe Leistungen erbringen, auszeichnen. · Innovatives Konzept der Grundbildung: Dabei geht es um die Kapazität der Schülerinnen und Schüler, Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten in wichtigen Fächern zur Definition, Interpretation und Lösung von Problemen in einer Vielzahl von Situationen zu nutzen, sowie ihre Fähigkeit, zu analysieren, logisch zu denken und effektiv zu kommunizieren. · Relevanz für das lebenslange Lernen: Bei PISA werden nicht nur die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in den Schulfächern erfasst, sondern auch Informationen über ihre Lernmotivation, Selbsteinschätzung und Lernstrategien erhoben. · Regelmäßigkeit: Die Länder haben die Möglichkeit, ihre Fortschritte bei der Verwirklichung entscheidender Lernziele im Zeitverlauf zu beobachten. · Große geografische Reichweite und kooperativer Charakter: An PISA 2009 nahmen alle 34 OECD-Mitgliedstaaten sowie 41 Partnerländer und -volkswirtschaften teil.
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  • 197
    ISBN: 9789264123311
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Kyrgyz Republic 2010; Lessons from PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Kyrgyz Republic 2010: Lessons from PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a highly influential instrument for monitoring the quality of education systems and provides a strong evidence base for informed policy making and education research. PISA also has a proven potential to trigger reforms and stimulate stakeholder involvement in the process. Notwithstanding the importance of its ranking, the full strength of PISA unfolds when data it delivers is utilised in the national policy domain. Linking PISA outcomes and policy choices, and monitoring the impact on education quality is thereby a demanding task, which requires sound analytical capacity, and also knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the respective education system. The OECD Directorate for Education addresses the demand of non-member economies for policy support in understanding and analysing PISA data in the broader context of education system management and policy formulation. This report was prepared to help the authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic better understand the reasons for the dramatically low performance of Kyrgyz students in the 2006 PISA survey, despite significant resources and efforts invested in education by schools, parents and government. The report reveals that a number of policy areas are in need of urgent attention and recommends ways to close the currently existing gap between aspirations and education reform achievement.
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  • 198
    ISBN: 9789264113985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. The Swiss VET system is very impressive. Its many strengths include strong employer engagement within a well functioning partnership of Confederation, cantons and professional organisations. School and work-based learning are integrated; the system is well-resourced, flexible and comprehensive, including a strong tertiary VET sector. VET teachers and trainers, examiners and directors are well prepared, quality control is ensured, career guidance is systematic and professional. Evidence is well developed and routinely used to support policy arguments. But at the same time there are a number of challenges. The global recession may reduce the provision of apprenticeship training, the entry of international companies may threaten dual system arrangements, competition between academic and vocational education could be sharpened by demographic changes, and there are some equity concerns. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 199
    ISBN: 9789264113978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs. Sweden has a well-established VET system at upper secondary level, grounded on strong outcomes in basic schooling, with high-status VET tracks and modest rates of dropout. The challenges to the system include relatively high rates of unemployment for young people, an ageing workforce of school-based trainers, and very limited engagement by the social partners. The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
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  • 200
    ISBN: 9789264119345
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies; Russian Federation 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Russian Federation 2011
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russian Federation
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