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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microfinance Meets The Market (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Cull, Robert Microfinance Meets The Market
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Asymmetric information ; Banking services ; Banks & Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; International bank ; Loan ; Loan repayment ; Microfinance ; Microfinance institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Transactio ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Asymmetric information ; Banking services ; Banks & Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; International bank ; Loan ; Loan repayment ; Microfinance ; Microfinance institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Transactio ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Asymmetric information ; Banking services ; Banks & Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; International bank ; Loan ; Loan repayment ; Microfinance ; Microfinance institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Transactio
    Abstract: Microfinance institutions have proved the possibility of providing reliable banking services to poor customers. Their second aim is to do so in a commercially-viable way. This paper analyzes the tensions and opportunities of microfinance as it embraces the market, drawing on a data set that includes 346 of the world's leading microfinance institutions and covers nearly 18 million active borrowers. The data show remarkable successes in maintaining high rates of loan repayment, but the data also suggest that profit-maximizing investors would have limited interest in most of the institutions that are focusing on the poorest customers and women. Those institutions, as a group, charge their customers the highest fees in the sample but also face particularly high transaction costs, in part due to small transaction sizes. Innovations to overcome the well-known problems of asymmetric information in financial markets were a triumph, but further innovation is needed to overcome the challenges of high costs
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Finance, Financial Sector Policies, And Long-Run Growth (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (82 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Finance, Financial Sector Policies, And Long-Run Growth
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Instruments ; Financial Markets ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; International Bank ; Investment Decisions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Transaction ; Transaction Costs ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Instruments ; Financial Markets ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; International Bank ; Investment Decisions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Transaction ; Transaction Costs ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Instruments ; Financial Markets ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; International Bank ; Investment Decisions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Transaction ; Transaction Costs
    Abstract: The first part of this paper reviews the literature on the relation between finance and growth. The second part of the paper reviews the literature on the historical and policy determinants of financial development. Governments play a central role in shaping the operation of financial systems and the degree to which large segments of the financial system have access to financial services. The paper discusses the relationship between financial sector policies and economic development
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Finance And Economic Opportunity (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Finance And Economic Opportunity
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Opportunities ; Economic Opportunity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Formal Financial Sector ; Households ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Small Enterprises ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Opportunities ; Economic Opportunity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Formal Financial Sector ; Households ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Small Enterprises ; Access to Finance ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Economic Opportunities ; Economic Opportunity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Formal Financial Sector ; Households ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Small Enterprises
    Abstract: An influential body of theoretical research and an emerging line of empirical work suggest that the operation of the formal financial system affects the degree to which economic opportunities are defined by talent and initiative rather than by parental wealth and social connections. This paper discusses the theory of how financial markets influence economic opportunity and reviews recent empirical work on the relation between formal financial systems and poverty, income inequality, and economic opportunity. The authors consider recent efforts to measure the ability of households and small enterprises to access financial services, the impact of this access, and the mechanisms through which finance affects poverty and inequality. The authors argue that considerably more research is needed to identify which formal financial sector policies enhance the operation of the financial system in ways that expand the economic horizons of the economically disenfranchised
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets : The Roles of Governance And Finance (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ayyagari, Meghana Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets
    Keywords: Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The authors investigate the determinants of firm innovation in over 19,000 firms across 47 developing economies. They define the innovation process broadly, to include not only core innovation such as the introduction of new products and new technologies, but also other types of activities that promote knowledge transfers and adapt production processes. The authors find that more innovative firms are large exporting firms characterized by private ownership, highly educated managers with mid-level managerial experience, and access to external finance. In contrast, firms that do not innovate much are typically state-owned firms without foreign competitors. The identity of the controlling shareholder seems to be particularly important for core innovation, with those private firms whose controlling shareholder is a financial institution being the least innovative. While the use of external finance is associated with greater innovation by all private firms, it does not make state-owned firms more innovative. Financing from foreign banks is associated with higher levels of innovation compared with financing from domestic banks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Banking Services For Everyone ? : Barriers To Bank Access And Use Around The World (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Beck, Thorsten Banking Services For Everyone ?
    Keywords: Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Using information from 193 banks in 58 countries, the authors develop and analyze indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services. They find substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and show that in many countries these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services. Correlations with bank- and country-level variables show that bank size and the availability of physical infrastructure are the most robust predictors of barriers. Further, the authors find evidence that in more competitive, open, and transparent economies, and in countries with better contractual and informational frameworks, banks impose lower barriers. Finally, though foreign banks seem to charge higher fees than other banks, in foreign dominated banking systems fees are lower and it is easier to open bank accounts and to apply for loans. On the other hand, in systems that are predominantly government-owned, customers pay lower fees but also face greater restrictions in terms of where to apply for loans and how long it takes to have applications processed. These findings have important implications for policy reforms to broaden access
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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