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  • Deininger, Klaus
  • Demirguc-Kunt, Asli
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (4)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
  • Financial Literacy  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets : The Roles of Governance And Finance (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ayyagari, Meghana Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets
    Keywords: Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The authors investigate the determinants of firm innovation in over 19,000 firms across 47 developing economies. They define the innovation process broadly, to include not only core innovation such as the introduction of new products and new technologies, but also other types of activities that promote knowledge transfers and adapt production processes. The authors find that more innovative firms are large exporting firms characterized by private ownership, highly educated managers with mid-level managerial experience, and access to external finance. In contrast, firms that do not innovate much are typically state-owned firms without foreign competitors. The identity of the controlling shareholder seems to be particularly important for core innovation, with those private firms whose controlling shareholder is a financial institution being the least innovative. While the use of external finance is associated with greater innovation by all private firms, it does not make state-owned firms more innovative. Financing from foreign banks is associated with higher levels of innovation compared with financing from domestic banks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Banking Services For Everyone ? : Barriers To Bank Access And Use Around The World (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Beck, Thorsten Banking Services For Everyone ?
    Keywords: Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Accounts ; Banking Services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Checking Account ; Customers ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Depos Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Financial Transaction ; Housing ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Using information from 193 banks in 58 countries, the authors develop and analyze indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services. They find substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and show that in many countries these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services. Correlations with bank- and country-level variables show that bank size and the availability of physical infrastructure are the most robust predictors of barriers. Further, the authors find evidence that in more competitive, open, and transparent economies, and in countries with better contractual and informational frameworks, banks impose lower barriers. Finally, though foreign banks seem to charge higher fees than other banks, in foreign dominated banking systems fees are lower and it is easier to open bank accounts and to apply for loans. On the other hand, in systems that are predominantly government-owned, customers pay lower fees but also face greater restrictions in terms of where to apply for loans and how long it takes to have applications processed. These findings have important implications for policy reforms to broaden access
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Why Liberalization Alone Has Not Improved Agricultural Productivity in Zambia : The Role of Asset Ownership and Working Capital Constraints (2000)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Why Liberalization Alone Has Not Improved Agricultural Productivity in Zambia
    Keywords: Cred Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policies ; GDP ; Goods ; Inputs ; Labor Policies ; Macro-Economic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Overvalued Exchange Rates ; Ownership ; Prices ; Production ; Production Function ; Productive Assets ; Productivity ; Risk Aversion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Total Factor Productivity ; Welfare ; Cred Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policies ; GDP ; Goods ; Inputs ; Labor Policies ; Macro-Economic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Overvalued Exchange Rates ; Ownership ; Prices ; Production ; Production Function ; Productive Assets ; Productivity ; Risk Aversion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Total Factor Productivity ; Welfare ; Cred Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policies ; GDP ; Goods ; Inputs ; Labor Policies ; Macro-Economic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Overvalued Exchange Rates ; Ownership ; Prices ; Production ; Production Function ; Productive Assets ; Productivity ; Risk Aversion ; Social Protections and Labor ; Subsidies ; Total Factor Productivity ; Welfare
    Abstract: March 2000 - Policies to foster accumulation of the assets needed for agricultural production (including draft animals and implements) and to provide complementary public goods (education, credit, and good agricultural extension services) could greatly help reduce poverty and improve productivity in Zambia. Deininger and Olinto use a large panel data set from Zambia to examine factors that could explain the relatively lackluster performance of the country's agricultural sector after liberalization. Zambia's liberalization significantly opened the economy but failed to alter the structure of production or help realize efficiency gains. They reach two main conclusions. First, not owning productive assets (in Zambia, draft animals and implements) limits improvements in agricultural productivity and household welfare. Owning oxen increases income directly, allows farmers to till their fields efficiently when rain is delayed, increases the area cultivated, and improves access to credit and fertilizer markets. Second, the authors reject the hypothesis that the application of fertilizer is unprofitable because of high input prices. Rather, fertilizer use appears to have declined because of constraints on supplies, which government intervention exacerbated instead of alleviating. (Extending the use of fertilizer to the many producers not currently using it would be profitable, but increasing the amount applied by the few producers who now have access to it would not be.) Policies to foster accumulation of the assets needed for agricultural production (including draft animals and implements) and to provide complementary public goods (education, credit, and good agricultural extension services) could greatly help reduce poverty and improve productivity. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze determinants of rural growth and market participation. The authors may be contacted at kdeiningerworldbank.org or polinto@worldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Asset Distribution, Inequality, and Growth (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Asset Distribution, Inequality, and Growth
    Keywords: Asset Distribution ; Asset Inequality ; Consumption ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Evidence ; Equity and Development ; Exogenous Shocks ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Literature ; Growth Regressions ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality-Growth Relationship ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Long-Term Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Negative Impact ; Negative Relationship ; Policy Level ; Political Economy ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Property Rights ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Asset Distribution ; Asset Inequality ; Consumption ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Evidence ; Equity and Development ; Exogenous Shocks ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Literature ; Growth Regressions ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality-Growth Relationship ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Long-Term Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Negative Impact ; Negative Relationship ; Policy Level ; Political Economy ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Property Rights ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: June 2000 - Policymakers addressing the impact of inequality on growth should be more concerned about households' access to assets - and to the opportunities associated with them - than about the distribution of income. Asset inequality - but not income inequality - has a relatively great negative impact on growth and also reduces the effectiveness of educational interventions. With the recent resurgence of interest in equity, inequality, and growth, the possibility of a negative relationship between inequality and economic growth has received renewed interest in the literature. Faced with the prospect that high levels of inequality may persist and give rise to poverty traps, policymakers are paying more attention to the distributional implications of macroeconomic policies. Because high levels of inequality may hurt overall growth, policymakers are exploring measures to promote growth and equity at the same time. How the consequences of inequality are analyzed, along with the possible cures, depends partly on how inequality is measured. Deininger and Olinto use assets (land) rather than income - and a GMM estimator - to examine the robustness of the relationship between inequality and growth that has been observed in the cross-sectional literature but has been drawn into question by recent studies using panel techniques. They find evidence that asset inequality - but not income inequality - has a relatively large negative impact on growth. They also find that a highly unequal distribution of assets reduces the effectiveness of educational interventions. This means that policymakers should be more concerned about households' access to assets, and to the opportunities associated with them, than about the distribution of income. Long-term growth might be improved by measures to prevent large jumps in asset inequality - possibly irreversible asset loss because of exogenous shocks - and by policies to facilitate asset accumulation by the poor. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the determinants and impact of inequality. The authors may be contacted at kdeiningerworldbank.org or polinto@worldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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