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Chapter 12 The tense-mood-aspect systems of the languages of Suriname (2017)

Borges, Robert ; Muysken, Pieter ; Villerius, Sophie ; [et al.]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9781614514886 , 9781614516842

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Sociolinguistics ; Historical & comparative linguistics

Abstract: This chapter deals with tense, mood, and aspect (TMA) marking in the languages of Suriname, focusing on the stability of forms, meanings, and structural pat-terns. Despite its prominent position in the creolization debate and occasional mentions in the literature on linguistic areas, studies on TMA in (non creoliza-tion) contact settings in Suriname are relatively few. TMA has been studied in detail in the world’s languages, however, in terms of: - typology (Dahl 1985, 2000; Boland 2006; Dahl and Velupillai 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d; Dryer 2011; Velupillai 2012); - creolization (Singler 1990; Bakker et al. 1994; Winford 2001; Velupillai 2015: 391–403); and - historical development & grammaticalization (Bybee et al. 1994)

Note: English

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2

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Chapter On V2, gaps, and operators in comment and reporting parentheticals (2015)

Kluck, Marlies ; de Vries, Mark ; Schneider, Stefan [HerausgeberIn] ; [et al.]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110376142 , 9783110376036

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: Historical & comparative linguistics ; Phonetics, phonology ; Grammar, syntax & morphology

Abstract: Parenthetical comment and reporting clauses exhibit various interesting properties, which are shown to be related. Three different word order pat-terns are attested in Dutch and German: apparent V1, V2 and V-final; the internal argument of the parenthetical verb is usually missing; there is an optional so/zo element; the construction is island-sensitive. These patterns are explained by means of an operator that is A ́-moved inside the parenthetical, and which can optionally be lexicalized in the first position. The V-final pattern arises when a complementizer is present, which is the case in propositional as-parentheticals

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3

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Chapter 6 On representing anchored parentheses in syntax (2015)

Kluck, Marlies ; Trotzke, Andreas [HerausgeberIn] ; Bayer, Josef [HerausgeberIn]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9781614517900 , 9781614517856

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Philosophy of language ; Grammar, syntax & morphology

Abstract: The paper is organised as follows. In order to establish which kinds of parentheses should be considered ‘anchored’, I present a global overview in §2. This is followed by a discussion of the core properties of anchored parentheses, focusing on the relation between anchor and parenthesis, and their ‘specificational’ interpretation. §3discusses anchored parenthesis in the domain of parallel construal, and shows why the Kosterian colon phrase is not sufficient to account for them. In §4, I elaborate onthe structural independence of parentheticals in the context of De Vries’ syntactic approach, suggesting a parenthetical version of the colon phrase to account for anchored parenthesis. §5 is a brief discussion of two implications (or: complications) of this analysis. §6 concludes the paper

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4

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Chapter Incomplete parenthesis : An overview (2014)

Kluck, Marlies ; Ott, Dennis ; Vries, Mark de

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9781614514831 , 9781614516743

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Philosophy of language ; Grammar, syntax & morphology

Abstract: While customarily considered ‘peripheral’ linguistic phenomena, both parenthesis and ellipsis raise interesting and far-reaching theoretical questions. It is worth bearing in mind that research in theoretical linguistics has frequently been able to derive conclusions of general significance from the study of what appear at first glance to be quirks of the grammar. Following this tradition, the goal of this volume is to present recent research into parenthesis and ellipsis phenomena and heir interactions, in order to advance our understanding of grammar as a whole. We will now briefly highlight the main issues raised by each empirical domain, then show how investigating their intersection can help illuminate them

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Chapter Ki issues in Turkish (2014)

Griffiths, James ; Güneş, Güliz ; Kluck, Marlies [HerausgeberIn] ; [et al.]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9781614514831 , 9781614516743

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Philosophy of language ; Grammar, syntax & morphology

Abstract: De Vries’ (2006 et seq.) addition of ‘par-Merge’ to the extant Merger operations utilized by the narrow syntax provides a means by which to model parataxis and yet maintain that paratactic constituents (i.e. parentheticals) are concatenated with their host in the narrow syntax in the structural position in which they are observed. A principal ingredient of the par-Merge approach to parataxis is the functional head Par, which triggers par-Merge. While Par is often morphologically realized as a coordinator in English, in certain parentheticals itis never realized. Its absence lends credence to par-Merge’s alternatives, which demand that parataxis be modelled semantically rather than syntactically. In this paper, we provide indirect support for the par-Merge approach by demonstrating that, in the Turkish counterparts to those English parentheticals that never realize Par, Par is realized as the lexeme ki. If ki is indeed Par’s realization in Turkish, one may stipulate that Par’s morphological absence in certain English constructions does not indicate that par-Merge must be discarded or even that its universalityformodellingparataxismustbediminished–itsabsenceindicatesonlythatsomelanguage-specific constraint prevents Par’s realization in certain English parentheticals

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6

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Chapter 5 Linguistic areas, bottom-up or top-down? : The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré (2014)

Muysken, Pieter ; Hammarström, Harald ; Birchall, Joshua ; [et al.]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110317473 , 9783110555370

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: Language ; linguistics

Abstract: In this paper we will take data from four areas of grammatical structure: argument marking (coded by Birchall), subordination (coded by Van Gijn), the noun phrase (coded by Krasnoukhova), and tame marking (tense/aspect/mood/evidentiality, coded by Müller). These data are compared for 22 lan-guages, thirteen from the Guaporé-Mamoré region in a broad sense, and nine from outside of the region. The key question we were originally asking our-selves is: do the thirteen languages from the region pattern more closely together than the overall set of languages as a whole, including the nine outsiders? It turned out that a somewhat different formulation was better, but we return to this below

Note: English , Spanish; Castilian , Portuguese

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Chapter Disentangling geography from genealogy (2013)

Cysouw, Michael ; Auer, Peter [HerausgeberIn] ; Hilpert, Martin [HerausgeberIn] ; [et al.]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110312027 , 9783110311969

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Dialect, slang & jargon ; Discourse analysis

Abstract: In this paper I will not seek to settle this question for individual cases of shared characteristics between two specific languages (e.g. why do French and German have no distance contrast in demonstratives?; see Diessel 2008;Cysouw 2011), because individual historical developments cannot be predicted by a general theory of human language. Specific historical events can only be reconstructed by an in-depth investigation of the actual history of a specific situation. However, I propose that the influence of borrowing vis-à-vis genealogical descent can be investigated in the aggregate (cf. Nerbonne and Siedle 2005; Nerbonne 2009 on the notion “aggregate”).To investigate the relationship between typological structure, genealogical descent, and borrowing, I will use data from the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS, Haspelmath et al. 2005). This resource provides information about typological structure and genealogical descent, but not about possible contact or the probability of borrowing. To approach the probability of borrowing, I will use the present-day geographical distribution of languages, assuming that the probability of borrowing is inversely correlated with geo-graphical distance. Specifically, geographically close languages will have a higher probability of contact, and likewise a higher probability of borrowing

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Chapter Predicting language-learning difficulty (2013)

Cysouw, Michael ; Saxena, Anju [HerausgeberIn] ; Borin, Lars [HerausgeberIn]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110305258 , 9783110488081

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics

Abstract: The difficulty people have in learning a foreign language strongly depends on how different this language is from their native tongue (Kellerman 1979). Although this statement seems uncontroversial in the general form as it is formulated here, the devil lies in the detail, namely in the problem how to define differences between languages. In this paper, I investigate various factors that quantify differences between languages, and explore to which extend these factors predict language learning difficulty. This investigation results in concrete predictive formulas that derive the learning difficulty for native English speakers depending on a small selection of linguistic factors of the language to be learned

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Chapter Contacts between indigenous languages in South America (2012)

Muysken, Pieter ; Grondona, Verónica [HerausgeberIn] ; Campbell, Lyle [HerausgeberIn]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110258035 , 9783110255133

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: Language ; linguistics

Abstract: This chapter I will try to describe a few aspects of language contact in the history of the languages of the American Indian communities of South America. The topic ofcontacts between the indigenous languages in South America is vast and almost in-tractable. This is the case particularly because we still know little about the history of the languages of the continent, in the absence of essential sources of informatin, which include: – historical sources dating back more than a few centuries – reliable and complete descriptions for the majority of languages or major representatives of language families – reliable family trees for a number of linguistic families – reliable reconstructions of the features of potential ancestor languages

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Chapter Quantitative explorations of the worldwide distribution of rare characteristics, or : the exceptionality of northwestern European languages (2011)

Cysouw, Michael ; Wiese, Heike [HerausgeberIn] ; Simon, Horst J. [HerausgeberIn]

Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter

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ISBN: 9783110219098 , 9783110219081

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource

Keywords: linguistics ; Philosophy of language

Abstract: In this article, the distribution of rare features among the world’s languages is investigated based on the data from the World Atlas of Language Structures (Haspelmath et al. 2005). A Rarity Index for a language is defined, resulting in a listing of the world’s languages by mean rarity. Further, a Group Rarity Index is defined to be able to measure average rarity of genealogical or areal groups. One of the most exceptional geographical areas turns out to be northwestern Europe. A closer investigation of the characteristics that make this area exceptional concludes this article

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