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  • Cohen, Robert S.  (24)
  • McGuinness, Brian  (8)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (32)
  • History  (29)
  • Logic, Symbolic and mathematical  (4)
  • Linguistics Philosophy  (3)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9781402029875
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Boston Studies In The Philosophy Of Science 241
    DDC: 306.4509409034
    RVK:
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics History ; Geschichte
    Abstract: This fascinating text is an exploration of the relationship between science and philosophy in the early nineteenth century. This subject remains one of the most misunderstood topics in modern European intellectual history. By taking the brilliant career of Danish physicist-philosopher Hans ChristianØrsted as their organizing theme, leading international philosophers and historians of science reveal illuminating new perspectives on the intellectual map of Europe in the age of revolution and romanticism.
    Abstract: The relations between science and philosophy in the early nineteenth century remain one of the most misunderstood topics in modern European intellectual history. By taking the brilliant career of Danish physicist-philosopher Hans Christian Ørsted as their organizing theme, leading international philosophers and historians of science reveal illuminating new perspectives on the intellectual map of Europe in the age of revolution and romanticism. They show how Ørsted, an intrepid traveller and cosmopolitan from the periphery of enlightened Europe, mediated between the great scientists of Germany, France, and Britain and profoundly shaped post-kantian philosophy and the emerging new energy physics of the nineteenth-century.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; The Way From Nature To God; The Other Side Of Ørsted: Civil Obedience; The Making Of A Danish Kantian: Science And The New Civil Society; Phrenology And Danish Romanticism; Natural Ends And The End Of Nature; The Influence Of Kant's Philosophy On The Young H. C. Ørsted; Ørsted's Concept Of Force And Theory Of Music; Kant-Naturphilosophie-Electromagnetism; Steffens, Ørsted, And The Chemical Construction Of The Earth; The Culture Of Science And Experiments In Jena Around 1800; The Romantic Experiment As Fragment; Ørsted And The Rational Unconscious
    Description / Table of Contents: Romanticism And Resistance: Humboldt And "German" Natural Philosophy In Napoleonic FranceBetween Enlightenment And Romanticism: The Case Of Dr. Thomas Beddoes; Ørsted's Presentation Of Others'-And His Own-Work; Ørsted, Ritter, And Magnetochemistry; Ørsted's Work On The Compressibility Of Liquids And Gases, And His Dynamic Theory Of Matter; Hans Christian Ørsted's Spiritual Interpretation Of Natural Science; The Spiritual In The Material; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401141420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXI, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 200
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The most outstanding feature of this book is that here, for the first time, is made available in a single volume all the important historical essays Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) published during WWII on the emergence of modern science. This edition also contains one previously unpublished essay and an extended version of an essay published earlier. In these essays, Zilsel developed the now famous thesis, named after him, that science came into being when, in the late Middle Ages, the social barriers between the intellectuals and the artisans were eroded, due to the fact that the rapidly expanding commercial classes of that period had a keen interest in improvements in technology. This class was city-based and stimulated a social environment in which men of learning came to regard the craftsmen and technicians with a new respect, in which they no longer felt any contempt for manual work and in which theory and practice were eventually combined to produce modern science. This critical edition also carries a long introduction in which much new material about Zilsel's life and work is presented. It suggests that a radical new look at Zilsel's project needs to be taken. Zilsel's essays on the history of science look like a standard case study to substantiate a particular position on the origins of modern science, but they were also an attempt to show that lawlike explanation in history and social theory is possible. It is claimed that Zilsel's historical essays were a part of another project he was working on which focused on the idea that social phenomena were open to causal explanation as much as physical phenomena. Hence the volume also contains the essays Zilsel wrote in relation to this other project. Previously there have been published a German and an Italian edition of the Zilsel essays. This edition is the first in English; compared to the other two editions this one is the first that includes unpublished material and the first to undertake a serious effort to research Zilsel's life and work. What is special about this volume is the well-articulated social perspective it takes on the origins of modern science
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401721288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 211
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 211
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book, 11 leading scholars contribute to the understanding of the scientific and philosophical works of Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), the most luminous Jewish intellectual since Talmudic times. Deeply learned in mathematics, astronomy, astrology (which he strongly rejected), logic, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and jurisprudence, and himself a practising physician, Maimonides flourished within the high Arabic culture of the 12th century, where he had momentous influence upon subsequent Jewish beliefs and behavior, upon ethical demands, and upon ritual traditions. For him, mastery of the sciences was indispensable in the process of religious fulfilment
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 191 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 45
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This book contains a representative selection of work by Japanese philosophers of science concerned with major issues of late 20th century world interest: epistemology of natural science, philosophy of mind and especially of perception, the logic of inference and of time, causality and evolution. It is edited by Francis Gen-Ichiro Nagasaka who contributes a historical account of philosophy of science in Japan
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401726146
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 334 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 195
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 195
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: Philosophical understandings of Nature and Human Nature. Classical Greek and modern West, Christian, Buddhist, Taoist, by 14 authors, including Robert Neville, Stanley Rosen, David Eckel, Livia Kohn, Tienyu Cao, Abner Shimoney, Alfred Tauber, Krzysztof Michalski, Lawrence Cahoone, Stephen Scully, Alan Olson and Alfred Ferrarin. Dedicated to the phenomenological ecology of Erazim Kohák, with 10 of his essays and a full bibliography. Overall theme: on the question of the moral sense of nature
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401157889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 403 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 192
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 192
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Wide-ranging investigations of issues in the philosophical understanding of physical concepts, and explorations of differing images of the impacts of scientific developments upon philosophy. Topics include realism and anti-realism, hermeneutic and empiricist interpretations. Dedicated to the distinguished Bulgarian philosopher Azarya Polikarov, with a full bibliography of his works
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400901094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 172
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 172
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The editors have selected a number of papers that represent recent studies by Mexican philosophers and historians of science. While attention is paid to several main developments of science in Mexico, the book does not deal only with national or even regional issues. Moreover, Mexican works on the philosophy of science are no new phenomenon. Although originating in the need to construct a national identity during the 19th century, and stimulated by the European Enlightenment, Mexican scholarship has now reached maturity, both in terms of an awareness of their historical situation and creative competence with respect to the live issues at the international level. This book presents topics of biology and physics, historical explanation and the historiography of science, and foundations of mathematics, with particular concern for Hilbert, Russell and Wittgenstein
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401586382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 495 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 169
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 169
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In these papers derived from an international conference held in 1992 in Beijing, Chinese and Western philosophers treat current as well as historically situated issues of realism and anti-realism in the understanding of scientific knowledge. There are four sections: (1) philosophical arguments proper (Hilpinen, Krejci, Musgrave, Niiniluoto, Qiu Renzong, Sfendoni-Mentzou, Bahm, Wallner and Peschl); (2) realism and general methodology (James Brown, Franklin, Gavroglu, Kaiser, Chin-Tai Kim, Wartofsky, Watkins, Wright, Wu Qiongbing, Yin Zhengkun); (3) physical sciences (Fan Dainian, Folse, He Zuoxiu, Hong Dingguo, Jin Wulun, Johansson, Li Li, Luo and Hu, Mao Shiying, Schagrin, Schlagel, Zhou Jihong); (4) social and biological sciences (Mäki, Shanahan, Paul Tang and Ralph Brown III, Cohen). The conference was inspired by the late Professor Tscha Hung of Beijing, for many years Director of the Institute of Foreign Philosophy at Beijing University, and a distinguished PhD from the University of Vienna in 1934 under Moritz Schlick
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400915756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 177
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 177
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This is the first of two volumes of essays dedicated to the eminent and pioneering logician, Hugues Leblanc. The volumes comprise the first, full-scale, English-language collection of studies in the philosophy and history of science from the French and English culture of Québec. They will be appreciated as a major contribution to North-American philosophy of science. Audience: The first volume is of particular interest to students and scholars engaged in research into the philosophical foundations and history of logic, mathematics and physics
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401587174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 483 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 179
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 179
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The articles in this collection were all selected from the first five volumes of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences between 1979 and 1985. The Journal was established in 1979 as a comprehensive theoretical publication concerning the history, philosophy and sociology of the natural sciences. It began publication as a response to China's reform, particularly the policy of opening to the outside world. Chinese scholars began to undertake distinctive, original research in these fields. This collection provides a cross-section of their efforts during the initial phase. To enable western scholars to understand the historical process of this change in Chinese academics, Yu Guangyuan's `On the Emancipation of the Mind' and Xu Liangying's `Essay on the Role of Science and Democracy in Society' have been included in this collection. Three of the papers included on the philosophy of science are discussions of philosophical issues in cosmology and biology by scientists themselves. The remaining four are written by philosophers of science and discuss information and cognition, homeostasis and Chinese traditional medicine, the I Ching (Yi Jing) and mathematics, etc. Papers have been selected on the history of both classical and modern science and technology, the most distinctive of which are macro-comparisons of the development of science in China and the west. Some papers discuss the issue of the demarcation of periods in the history of science, the history of ancient Chinese mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, machinery, medicine, etc. Others discuss the history of modern physics and biology, the history of historiography of science in China and the history of regional development of Chinese science and technology. Also included are biographies of three post-eighteenth-century Chinese scholars, Li Shanlan (1811-1882), Hua Hengfang (1833&endash;1902), and Cai Yuanpei (1868&endash;1940), who contributed greatly to the introduction of western science and scholarship to China. In addition, three short papers have been included introducing the interactions between Chinese scholars and three great western scientists, Niels Bohr, Norbert Wiener, and Robert A. Millikan
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401732635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LVIII, 246 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 170
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 170
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: In relation to the problems faced today, in contemplation and in practical affairs, philosophers must confront the question `What is knowledge?', and consider whether knowledge has lost its object. Such was the problem placed before the seminar convened by the Philosophical Society of Turkey at Ankara in 1989. The 17 papers derived from the lectures and discussions deal with problems of knowing and believing, of the kinds and criteria of knowledge, of truth and fallibility, and of the cultural as well as individual factors in cognition. The authors include Guido Küng, L. Jonathan Cohen, Ernest Sosa, Arda Denkel, Venant Cauchy, David Evans, Gürol Irzik, Ioanna Kuçuradi, Evandro Agazzi, Richard T. DeGeorge, Kwasi Wiredu, Teo Grünberg, H. Odera Oruka, Jindrich Zeleny, V.A. Lektorsky, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, and Francisco Miro Quesada. There is a critical and analytical Prologue by the convener of the Seminar, Ioanna Kuçuradi
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401107686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 157
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zygmunt Zawirski (1882--1948) -- one of the most eminent and original Polish philosophers -- belonged to the Lwow--Warsaw School (LWS) which left an indelible trace in logic, semiotics and philosophy of science. LSW was founded in 1895 by K. Twardowski, a disciple of Brentano, in the spirit of clarity, realism and analytic philosophy. LWS was more than 25 years older than the Vienna Circle (VC). This belies, inter alia, the not infrequently repeated statement that LWS was one of the many centers initiated by VC. The achievements of LWS in logic are well recognized, while those relating to philosophy of science are almost unknown. It is in order to fill this gap that some fragments of Zawirski's papers are presented, dealing mainly with causality, determinism, indeterminism and philosophical implications of relativity and quantum mechanics. His magnum opus `L'Evolution de la notion du temps' (Eugenio Rignano Prize, 1933) is devoted to time. It is one of the best books written on this subject, and by no means an obsolescent one. Zawirski took into account all the issues which are at present widely discussed. The real value of these achievements can be understood better today than by his contemporaries. For all those interested in philosophy of science and philosophy, and history of ideas
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 14
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401111027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Background -- II The Cultural Background -- III The Philosophical Atmosphere in Vienna -- IV Why the Circle invited me. The Theory of Curves and Dimension Theory -- V Vignettes of the Members of the Circle in 1927 -- VI Reminiscences of the Wittgenstein Family -- VII Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Austrian Dictionary -- VIII Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Early Circle -- IX On the Communication of Metaphysical Ideas. Wittgenstein’s Ontology -- X Wittgenstein, Brower, and the Circle -- XI Discussions in the Circle 1927–30 -- XII Poland and the Vienna Circle -- XIII The United States 1930–31 -- XIV Discussions in the Circle 1931–34 -- XV The Circle on Ethics -- XVI Moritz Schlick’s Final Years -- Memories of Kurt Gödel -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austrian empire by Bismarck's Prussia, and the subsequent establishment under Prussian leadership of a militaristic, mystically nationalistic, state-capitalist German empire - in effect, the first modern "military-industrial complex. " These events helped frame in him a set of attitudes that he later transmitted to his son, and which included an appreciation of cultural attainments and tolerance and respect for cultural differences, com­ bined with a deep suspicion of rabid nationalism, particularly the German variety. Also a fascination with structure, whether artistic, scientific, philosophical, or theological, but a rejection of any aura of mysticism or mumbo-jumbo accompanying such structure. Thus the son remarked at least once that the archangels' chant that begins the Prolog im Himmel in Goethe's Faust was perhaps the most viii INTRODUCTION beautiful thing in the German language "but of course it doesn't mean anything.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401131643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 471 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 134
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation: How East German Science Studies Contributed to the Fall of the Cultural Wall -- On the Origin and Nature of Scientific Disciplines -- II: Ideas and Institutions -- Relating Evolutionary Theory to the Natural Sciences -- Dialectical Understanding of the Unity of Scientific Knowledge -- History of Science in the GDR: Institutions and Programmatic Positions -- III: Mathematics in a Socio-Political Context -- Historiography of Mathematics: Aims, Methods, Tasks -- The Berlin’ society for Scientific Philosophy’ as Organizational Form of Philosophizing in the Medium of Natural Science -- Mathematics and Ideology in Fascist Germany -- IV: Psychology Constructs its Subject Matter -- Imageless Thought or Stimulus Error? The Social Construction of Private Experience -- The Berlin Psychological Tradition: Between Experiment and Quasi-Experimental Design, 1850–1990 -- Move over Darwin: The Ontogenetic Sources of William Preyer’s Developmental Psychology -- On the Interdisciplinary Genesis of Experimental Methods in Nineteenth-Century German Psychology -- V: Physics in the Context of Philosophy and Theory Of Science -- From Boltzmann to Planck: On Continuity in Scientific Revolutions -- Walther Nernst and Quantum Theory -- Historical Explanations in Modern Physics: The Lesson of Modern Quantum Mechanics -- Fritz London and the Community of Quantum Physicists -- VI: Theory as Method -- The Middle Ages: Darkness in the Sciences -- to the Basic Concepts of Communication-Oriented Science Studies -- Philosophical Problems of Modern Psychology -- VII: Discipline Formation of Philosophy -- Neo-Kantianism and Epistemology: On the Formation of a Philosophical Discipline in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- The Transformation of German Philosophy in the Context of Scientific Research in the Nineteenth Century -- Reform Efforts of Logic at Mid-Nineteenth Century in Germany -- VIII: Biological Evolution in the Mirror of Theories of Evolution -- August Weismann: One of the First Synthetic Theorists of Evolutionary Biology -- Darwin and the German Theologians -- Two Faces of Biologism: Some Reflections on a Difficult Period in the History of Biology in Germany -- What Keeps a Species Together -- IX: Teachers and Students: Chemistry Laboratories and Dissertations -- The Training in Germany of English-Speaking Chemists in the Nineteenth Century and its Profound Influence in America and Britain -- Science and Practice in German Agriculture: Justus von Liebig, Hermann von Liebig, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Things Are Seldom What They Seem: The Story of Non-Phosphorylating Glycolysis -- X: Natural Science and Naturphilosophie -- Goethe’s Morphology of Stones: Between Natural History and Historical Geology -- The Philosophy of Living Things: Schilling’s Naturphilosophie as a Transition to the Philosophy of Identity 339 -- A New Correspondence of the Philosopher F. W. J. Schelling -- The Influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden -- XI: Science and Society -- The Geographical Vision and the Popular Order of Disciplines, 1848–1870 -- Knowledge Transfer in the Nineteenth Century: Young, Navier, Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge -- Soviet-German Scientific Relations before World War II: Fruitful Cooperation in Different Social Orders -- XII: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge -- Bourgeois Berlin Salons: Meeting Places for Culture and the Sciences -- Max Delbrück: A Physicist in Biology -- ‘Nobody Can Become a Real Engineer Who Has Not Already Become a Whole Person’ -- Summer Institute Program 1988 -- About the Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400904590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 119
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure -- Two: Simmel as a Puzzling Figure for Contemporary Sociology -- On the Current Rediscovery of Georg Simmel’s Sociology — A European Point of View -- Georg Simmel’s Concept of Society -- Georg Simmel and the Study of Modernity -- The World as Human Construction -- Four Concepts of Social Science at Berlin University: Dilthey, Lazarus, Schmoller and Simmel -- Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and its Fate -- Simmel on Memory -- Social Differentiation and Modernity: On Simmel’s Macrosociology -- Simmel’s Sociology in Relation to Schopenhauer’s Philosophy -- Simmel on the Ratio of Subjective Values to Objective Cultural Possibilities -- On the Concept of “Erleben” in Georg Simmers Sociology -- Georg Simmel as an Analyst of Autonomous Dynamics: The Merry-Go-Round of Fashion -- Simmel, Individuality, and Fundamental Change -- Georg Simmel’s Theory of Culture -- The Groundwork of Simmel’s New “Storey” Beneath Historical Materialism -- Georg Simmel and the Cultural Dilemma of Women -- Dimensions of Conflict: Georg Simmel on Modern Life -- Simmel’s Influence on Lukács’s Conception of the Sociology of Art -- Simmel’s Metaphysics -- INDEX OF NAMES.
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- 1. The Heraclitean-Eleatic Clash -- 2. Paradoxes of Being -- 3. Einstein and Epicurus -- 4. The Rationalism of the Renaissance -- 5. Descartes -- 6. Spinoza and Einstein -- 7. The Genesis of Classical Science and the Problem of Nonidentity -- 8. Dynamism and the Critique of Stationary Being -- II -- 9. Heterogeneous Being -- 10. Existence and Actuality -- 11. Understanding and Reason in Nineteenth- and Twentieth- Century Science -- 12. Nothing and the Vacuum -- Afterword -- Afterword -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boris Kuznetsov was a scientist among humanists, a philosopher among scientists, a historian for those who look to the future, an optimist in an age of sadness. He was steeped in classical European culture, from earliest times to the latest avant-garde, and he roamed through the ages, an inveterate time-traveller, chatting and arguing with Aristotle and Descartes, Heine and Dante, among many others. Kuznetsov was also, in his intelligent and thoughtful way, a Marxist scholar and a practical engineer, a patriotic Russian Jew of the first sixty years of the Soviet Union. Above all he meditated upon the revolutionary developments of the natural sciences, throughout history to be sure but particularly in his own time, the time of what he called 'non-classical science', and of his beloved and noblest hero, Albert Einstein. Kuznetsov was born in Dnepropetrovsk on October 5, 1903 (then Yekaterinoslav). By early years he had begun to teach, first in 1921 at an institute of mining engineering and then at other technological institutions. By 1933 he had received a scientific post within the Academy of Science of the U. S. S. R. , and then at the end of the Second World War he joined several colleagues at the new Institute of the History of Science and Technology. For more than 40 years he worked there until his death two years ago.
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400944985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 87
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 87
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. -- Microbiology and Philosophy of Science, Lwów and the German Holocaust: Stations of a Life — Ludwik Fleck 1896–1961 -- II. Ludwik Fleck’s Papers on the Philosophy of Science -- 2.1. Some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking [1927] -- 2.2. On the Crisis of ‘Reality’ [1929] -- 2.3. Scientific Observation and Perception in General [1935] -- 2.4. The Problem of Epistemology [1936] -- 2.5. Problems of the Science of Science [ 1946] -- 2.6. To Look, To See, To Know [1947] -- 2.7. Crisis in Science [unpublished, 1960] -- III. On Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Knowledge and Science -- 3.1. The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath -- 3.2. Polish Philosophy in the Inter-War Period and Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought-Styles and Thought-Collectives -- 3.3. Ludwik Fleck and Polish Philosophy -- 3.4. Lwów as a Cultural and Intellectual Background of the Genesis of Fleck’s Ideas -- 3.5. Ludwik Fleck and the Influence of the Philosophy of Lwów -- 3.6. Ludwik Fleck and the Historical Interpretation of Science -- 3.7. Fleck’s Contribution to Epistemology -- 3.8. Is There a Distinction Between External and Internal Sociology of Science? (Commentary on a Paper of John Ziman) -- 3.9. On Ludwik Fleck’s Use of Social Categories in Knowledge -- 3.10. History of Science and Its Sociological Reconstructions -- 3.11. Some Determinants of Cognitive Style in Science -- 3.12. Some Comments on Fleck’s Interpretation of the Bordet-Wassermann Reaction in View of Present Biochemical Knowledge -- 3.13. Fleck’s Style -- 3.14. The Epistemology of the Science of an Epistemologist of the Sciences: Ludwik Fleck’s Professional Outlook and its Relationships to his Philosophical Works -- IV. -- Bibliography Of Ludwik Fleck -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Within the last ten years, the interest of historians and philosophers of science in the epistemological writings of the Polish medical microbiologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), who had up to then been almost completely unknown, has advanced with great strides. His main writings on epistemological questions were published in the mid-1930's, but they remained almost unnoticed. Today, however, one may rightly call Fleck a 'classical' figure both of episte­ mology and of the historical sociology of science, one whose works are comparable with Popper's Logic of Scientific Discovery or Merton's pioneer­ ing study of the relations among economics, Puritanism, and natural science, both also originally published in the mid-1930's. The story of this book of 'materials on Ludwik Fleck' is also the story of the reception of Ludwik Fleck. In this volume, some essential materials which have been produced by that reception have been gathered together. We will sketch both the reception and the materials.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789400946224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 17
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    Keywords: History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Author’s Preface to the First Edition -- Author’s Preface to the Second Edition (Excerpt) -- I. Historical Survey of the Development of Thermometry -- II. Critical Discussion of the Conception of Temperature -- III. On the Determination of High Temperatures -- IV. Names and Numbers -- V. The Continuum -- VI. Historical Survey of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VII. The Development of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VIII. Historical Survey of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- IX. Review of the Development of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- X. Historical Survey of the Development of Calorimetry -- XI. Criticism of Calorimetric Conceptions -- XII. The Calorimetric Properties of Gases -- XIII. The Development of Thermodynamics. Carnot’s Principle -- XIV. The Development of Thermodynamics. The Principle of Mayer and Joule. The Principle of Energy -- XV. The Development of Thermodynamics. Unifying the Principles -- XVI. Concise Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics -- XVII. The Absolute (Thermodynamic) Scale of Temperature -- XVIII. Critical Review of the Development of Thermodynamics. The Sources of the Principle of Energy -- XIX. Extension of the Theorem of Carnot and Clausius. The Conformity and the Differences of Energies. The Limits of the Principle of Energy -- XX. The Borderland between Physics and Chemistry -- XXI. The Relation of Physical and Chemical Processes -- XXII. The Opposition between Mechanical and Phenomenological Physics -- XXIII. The Evolution of Science -- XXIV. The Sense of the Marvellous -- XXV. Transformation and Adaptation in Scientific Thought -- XXVI. The Economy of Science -- XXVII. Comparison as a Scientific Principle -- XXVIII. Language -- XXIX. The Concept -- XXX. The Concept of Substance -- XXXI. Causality and Explanation -- XXXII. Revision of Scientific Views Caused by Chance Circumstances -- XXXIII. The Paths of Investigation -- XXXIV. The Aim of Investigation -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious. " II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 64
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Remarks to the Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences -- The Scholar, the Liberal Ideal, and the Philosophy of Science -- I. The Sciences -- Conceptual Analysis and Scientific Theory in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature (with Special Reference to Hegel’s Optics) -- A Comment on Buchdahl’s Paper -- The Chemical System of Substances, Forces and Processes in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature and the Science of His Time -- Hegel and the Celestial Mechanics of Newton and Einstein -- The Hegelian Treatment of Biology and Life -- More Comments on the Place of the Organic in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature -- Hegel and the Organic View of Nature -- Hegel’s Philosophical Understanding of Illness -- On Hegel’s Significance for the Social Sciences -- Hegel’s Conception of Psychology -- II. Philosophy and Methodology of Science -- The Dialectical Structure of Scientific Thinking -- Is the Progress of Science Dialectical? -- Some ‘Moments’ of Hegel’s Relation to the Sciences -- Hegel’s ‘Deduction of the Concept of Science’ -- Theory and Praxis and the Beginning of Science -- The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science -- III. Dialectics and Logic -- Hegel’s Logic from a Logical Point of View -- The Dynamics of Hegelian Dialectics, and Non-Linearity in the Sciences -- Mathematical Dialectics, Scientific Logic and the Psychoanalysis of Thinking [Comment on Kosok and Gauthier] -- Comments on Kosok’s Interpretation of Hegel’s Logic -- Bibliographical Note -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: To the scientists and philosophers of our time, Hegel has been either a ne­ glected or a provocative thinker, a source of irrelevant dark metaphysics or of complex but insightful analysis. His influence upon the work of natural scientists has seemed minimal, in the main; and his stimulus to the nascent sciences of society and to psychology has seemed to be as often an obstacle as an encouragement. Nevertheless his philosophical analysis of knowledge and the knowing process, of concepts and their evolutionary formation, of rationality in its forms and histories, of the stages of empirical awareness and human practice, all set within his endless inquiries into cultural formations from the entire sweep of human experience, must, we believe, be confronted by anyone who wants to understand the scientific consciousness. Indeed, we may wish to situate the changing theories of nature, and of humankind in nature, within a philosophical account of men and women as social practi­ tioners and as sensing, thinking, feeling centers of privacy; and then we will see the work of Hegel as a major effort to mediate between the purest of epistemological investigations and the most practical of the political and the religious. This book, long delayed to our deep regret, derives from a Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences which was sponsored jointly by the Hegel Society of America and the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science a decade ago.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789400963313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 84
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 84
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend -- How To Be a Good Philosopher of Science: A Plea for Empiricism in Matters Methodological [Commentary on Burian] -- Feedback, Selection, and Function: A Reductionistic Account of Goal-Orientation -- Philosophy of Science 2001 -- The Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences -- Comments on Jost Halfmann’s ‘Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences’ -- Philosophy of Science and the Origin of Life -- Sociobiology, Anti-Sociobiology, Epistemology, and Human Nature -- Substance and Its Logical Significance -- Tracking Down the Misplaced Concreton in the Neurosciences -- Does Popper’s Conventionalism Contradict his Critical Rationalism? Objections against Popper in German Philosophy and Some Metacritical Remarks -- How to Explore the History of Ancient Mathematics? -- Nature on Trial: The Case of the Rooster that Laid an Egg -- Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’ -- Toward the Vindication of Friedrich Engels -- Bibliography of the Writings of Benjamin Nelson -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This selection of papers that were presented (or nearly so!) to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during the seventies fairly re­ presents some of the most disturbing issues of scientific knowledge in these years. To the distant observer, it may seem that the defense of rational standards, objective reference, methodical self-correction, even the distin­ guishing of the foolish from the sensible and the truth-seeking from the ideological, has nearly collapsed. In fact, the defense may be seen to have shifted; the knowledge business came under scrutiny decades ago and, indeed, from the time of Francis Bacon and even far earlier, the practicality of the discovery of knowledge was either hailed or lamented. So the defense may be founded on the premise that science may yet be liberating. In that case, the analysis of philosophical issues expands to embrace issues of social interest and social function, of instrumentality and arbitrary perspective, of biological constraints (upon knowledge as well as upon the species-wide behavior of human beings in other relationships too), of distortions due to explanatory metaphors and imposed categories, and of radical comparisons among the perspectives of different civilizations. Some of our contributors are frankly programmatic, showing how problems must be formulated afresh, how evasions must be identified and omissions rectified, but they do not reach their own completion.
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400977020
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 31
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scales of Measurement -- Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories -- Comments on ‘Some Logical Problems Suggested by Empirical Theories’ by Professor Dalla Chaiara -- A Methodology without Methodological Rules -- Truth, Fallibility and the Growth of Knowledge -- Fallible Is as Fallible Does: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Knowledge in Pursuit of Knowledge — A Few Worries: Comments on Professor Levi’s Paper -- Response to Scheffler -- Response to Margalit -- Rejoinder to Levi’s Reply -- A Category-Theoric Approach to Systems in a Fuzzy World -- Natural Languages and Formal Languages and Formal Languages: A Tenable Dualism -- The Problem of Vague Predicates -- Peirce and Pearson: Pragmatism vs. Instrumentalism -- Theory of Propensity: A New Foundation of Logic -- Gödel’s Theorems and Church’s Thesis: A Prologue to mechanism -- The Non-traditional Theory of Quantifiers -- Dialogue: How Do We Know What Others Mean and Why? -- Towards a Richer Theory of Dialogue: Comments of Professor Rivetti Barbòs Paper -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Fundamental problems of the uses of formal techniques and of natural and instrumental practices have been raised again and again these past two decades, in many quarters and from varying viewpoints. We have brought a number of quite basic studies of these issues together in this volume, not linked con­ ceptually nor by any rigorously defined problematic, but rather simply some of the most interesting and even provocative of recent research accomplish­ ments. Most of these papers are derived from the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during 1973-80, the two exceptions being those of Karel Berka (on scales of measurement) and A. A. Zinov'ev (on a non-tradi­ tional theory of quantifiers). Just how intriguing these results (or conjectures?) seem to us may be seen from some brief quotations: (1) Judson Webb: " . . . . the abstract machine concept has many of the appropriate kinds of properties for modelling living, reproducing, rule­ following, self-reflecting, accident-prone, and lucky creatures . . . the a priori logical results relevant to the abstract machine concept, above all Godel's, could not conceivably have turned out any better for the mechanist. " (2) M. L. Dalla Chiara: " . . . modal interpretation (of quantum logic) shows clearly that it possesses a logical meaning which is quite independent of quantum mechanics. " (3) Isaac Levi: (as against Peirce and Popper) " . . . infallibilism is con­ sistent with corrigibilism, and a view which respects avoidance of error is an important desideratum for science.
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094269
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (466p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 14
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. No Pot of Message [1974a] -- 2. The Origin and Spirit of Logical Positivism [1969a] -- 3. The Power of Positivistic Thinking [1963b] -- 4. The Wiener Kreis in America [1969d] -- 5. Scientific Method without Metaphysical Presuppositions [1954] -- 6. Probability and Experience [1930] -- 7. Meaning and Validity of Physical Theories [1929] -- 8. Confirmability and Confirmation [1951a] -- 9. The Logical Character of the Principle of Induction [1934a] -- 10. What Hume Might Have Said to Kant [1964a] -- 11. Operationism and Scientific Method (and Rejoinder) [1945a] and [1945b] -- 12. Existential Hypotheses [1950b] -- 13. Logical Reconstruction, Realism and Pure Semiotic [1950c] -- 14. De Principiis Non Disputandum… ? [1950a] -- 15. Empiricism at Bay? [1971e] -- 16. The Mind-Body Problem in the Development of Logical Empiricism [1950d] -- 17. Physicalism, Unity of Science and the Foundations of Psychology [1963d] -- 18. Mind-Body, Not a Pseudoproblem [1960] -- 19. Some Crucial Issues of Mind-Body Monism [1971a] -- 20. Naturalism and Humanism [1949a] -- 21. Validation and Vindication: An Analysis of the Nature and the Limits of Ethical Arguments [1952] -- 22. Everybody Talks about the Temperature [1964c] -- 23. Is Science Relevant to Theology? [1966a] -- 24. Ethics, Religion, and Scientific Humanism [1969e] -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Bibliography of Herbert Feigl -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The title is his own. Herbert Feigl, the provocateur and the soul (if we may put it so) of modesty, wrote to me some years ago, "I'm more of a catalyst than producer of new and original ideas all my life . . . ", but then he com­ pleted the self-appraisal: " . . . with just a few exceptions perhaps". We need not argue for the creative nature of catalysis, but will simply remark that there are 'new and original ideas' in the twenty-four papers selected for this volume, in the extraordinary aperrus of the 25-year-old Feigl in his Vienna dissertation of 1927 on Zufall und Gesetz, in the creative critique and articulation in his classical monograph of 1958 on The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'; and the reader will want to turn to some of the seventy other titles in our Feigl bibliography appended. Professor Feigl has been a model philosophical worker: above all else, honest, self-aware, open-minded and open-hearted; keenly, devotedly, and even arduously the student of the sciences, he has been a logician and an empiricist. Early on, he brought the Vienna Circle to America, and much later he helped to bring it back to Central Europe. The story of the logical empiricist movement, and of Herbert Feigl's part in it, has often been told, importantly by Feigl himself in four papers we have included here.
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 13
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Superfluous Entities, or Occam’s Razor (1930) -- II The Significance of the Scientific World View, Especially for Mathematics and Physics (1930) -- III Discussion about the Foundations of Mathematics (1930) -- IV Empiricism, Mathematics, and Logic (1929) -- V Reflections on Max Planck’s Positivismus und reale Aussenwelt (?1931) -- VI Review of Alfred Pringsheim, Vorlesungen über Zahlen- und Funktionenlehre, Vol. I, parts I and II, Leipzig and Berlin 1916 (1919) -- VII The Crisis in Intuition (1933) -- VIII Does the Infinite exist? (1934) -- Bibliography of the Works of H. Hahn.
    Abstract: The role Hans Hahn played in the Vienna Circle has not always been sufficiently appreciated. It was important in several ways. In the ftrst place, Hahn belonged to the trio of the original planners of the Circle. As students at the University of Vienna and throughout the fIrst decade of this century, he and his friends, Philipp Frank and Otto Neurath, met more or less regularly to discuss philosophical questions. When Hahn accepted his fIrSt professorial position, at the University of Czernowitz in the north­ east of the Austrian empire, and the paths of the three friends parted, they decided to continue such informal discussions at some future time - perhaps in a somewhat larger group and with the cooperation of a philosopher from the university. Various events delayed the execution of the project. Drafted into the Austrian army during the first world war" Hahn was wounded on the Italian front. Toward the end of the war he accepted an offer from the University of Bonn extended in recognition of his remarkable 1 mathematical achievements. He remained in Bonn until the spring of 1921 when he returm:d to Vienna and a chair of mathe­ matics at his alma mater. There, in 1922, the Mach-Boltzmann professorship for the philosophy of the inductive sciences became vacant by the death of Adolf Stohr; and Hahn saw a chance to realize his and his friends' old plan.
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400993495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (963p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 21
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 21
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / History of Science -- 1. On the Method of History of Science (1947) -- 2. Science in History (Review of J. D. Bernal’s Science in History) (1956) -- 3. The Logical Problem of the Definition of Irrational Numbers (1927) -- 4. Rationalism in Antiquity (1954) -- 5. The Transformations of the Atomic Concept through the Ages (1969) -- 6. Flicker in the Darkness (Review of Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions) (1969) -- 7. Marcus Marci’s Investigations of the Prism and Their Relation to Newton’s Theory of Color (1932) -- 8. Descartes at Uppsala (Review of R. Lindborg’s Descartes i Uppsala) (1967) -- 9. Newton and the Law of Gravitation (1965) -- 10. Newton’s Views on Aether and Gravitation (1969) -- 11. The Genesis of the Laws of Thermodynamics (1941) -- 12. Joule’s Scientific Outlook (1952) -- 13. An Analysis of Joule’s Experiments on the Expansion of Air (1956) -- 14. The Velocity of Light and the Evolution of Electrodynamics (1956) -- 15. The Evolution of Oersted’s Scientific Concepts (1970) -- 16. The First Phase in the Evolution of the Quantum Theory (1936) -- 17. Max Planck and the Statistical Definition of Entropy (1959) -- 18. Matter and Force after Fifty Years of Quantum Theory (1963) -- 19. Men and Ideas in the History of Atomic Theory (1971) -- 20. Jacques Solomon (1959) -- 21. Quantum Theory in 1929: Recollections from the First Copenhagen Conference (1971) -- 22. Niels Bohr: An Essay Dedicated to Him on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. October 7, 1945 (1945; 2nd edition 1961) -- 23. The Conception of the Meson Field: Some Reminiscences and Epistemological Comments (1968) -- 24. Nuclear Reminiscences (1972) -- 25. Celestial and Terrestrial Physics in Historical Perspective (1969) -- II / Epistemology -- 1. On the Question of the Measurability of Electromagnetic Field Quantities (with Niels Bohr) (1933) -- 2. Field and Charge Measurements in Quantum Electrodynamics (with Niels Bohr) (1950) -- 3. On Quantum Electrodynamics (Among Essays Dedicated to Niels Bohr on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday) (1955) -- 4. On Quantization of Fields (1963) -- 5. The Evolution of the Idea of Causality (1942) -- 6. Strife about Complementarity (1953) -- 7. Complementarity and Statistics, I and II (1958) -- 8. Misunderstandings about the Foundations of Quantum Theory (1957) -- 9. Foundations of Quantum Theory and Complementarity (1961) -- 10. The Epistemological Conflict between Einstein and Bohr (Dedicated to Max Born on his 80th Birthday) (1963) -- 11. Niels Bohr’s Contribution to Epistemology (1963) -- 12. The Measuring Process in Quantum Mechanics (On the 30th Anniversary of the Meson Theory by Dr. H. Yukawa, 1965) (1965) -- 13. Statistical Causality in Atomic Theory: A General Introduction to Irreversibility (1972 and 1974) -- 14. The Macroscopic Level of Quantum Mechanics (1972) -- 15. Quantum Theory and Gravitation (1966) -- 16. Questions of Method in the Consistency Problem of Quantum Mechanics (1968) -- 17. The Method of Physics (1968) -- 18. Some Reflections on Knowledge (1971) -- 19. Epistemology on a Scientific Basis (1971) -- 20. Condillac’s Influence on French Scientific Thought (1972) -- 21. Unphilosophical Considerations on Causality in Physics (1971) -- 22. Irreversibility — a Lay Sermon (On the Occasion of Professor K. Bleuler’s Sixtieth Birthday) (1977) -- 23. Berkeley Redivivus (Review of W. Heisenberg’s Natural Law and the Structure of Matter) (1970) -- 24. The Wave-Particle Dilemma (1973) -- 25. A Voyage to Laplacia (1955) -- III / Theoretical Physics -- 1. On the Energy-Momentum Tensor (1940) -- 2. On the Definition of Spin for a Radiation Field (1942) -- 3. On the Behavior of a Canonical Ensemble during an Adiabatic Transformation (1942) -- 4. On the Isolated and Adiabatic Susceptibilities (1961) -- 5. On the Foundations of Statistical Thermodynamics (1955) -- 6. Questions of Irreversibility and Ergodicity (1962) -- 7a. Dynamical Theory of Nuclear Resonances (1968) -- 7b. Coupling between Compound and Single-Particle Resonances (1968) -- 8. The Structure of Quantum Theory (1968) -- IV / Social Relations of Science -- 1. The Organization of Scientific Research (1948) -- 2. The Atomic Researcher: The Atomic Physicist’s Tasks, Goals and Methods (1968) -- 3. Technical and Social Aspects of the Development of the European Scientific Research Organizations (1970) -- 4. Social and Individual Aspects of the Development of Science (1971) -- Bibliography of the Writings of Léon Rosenfeld -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The decision to undertake this volume was made in 1971 at Lake Como during the Varenna summer school ofthe Italian Physical Society, where Professor Leon Rosenfeld was lecturing on the history of quantum theory. We had long been struck by the unique blend of epistemological, histori­ cal and social concerns in his work on the foundations and development of physics, and decided to approach him there with the idea of publishing a collection of his papers. He responded enthusiastically, and agreed to help us select the papers; furthermore, he also agreed to write a lengthy introduction and to comment separately on those papers that he felt needed critical re-evaluation in the light of his current views. For he was still vigorously engaged in both theoretical investigations of, and critical not reflections on the foundations of theoretical physics. We certainly did conceive of the volume as a memorial to a 'living saint', but rather more practically, as a useful tool to place in the hands of fellow workers and students engaged in wrestling with these difficult problems. All too sadly, fate has added a memorial aspect to our labors. We agreed that in order to make this book most useful for the con­ temporary community of physicists and philosophers, we should trans­ late all non-English items into English.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400993815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Four Philosophical Essays, Vienna Circle Collection 12
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Logistic Neopositivism. A critical study -- 2. On the System of the Concepts of Reality. A contribution to logical empiricism -- 3. On the Concept of Reality in Physical Science. Second contribution to logical empiricism -- 4. The Perceptual and Conceptual Components of Everyday Experience -- The Philosophical and Psychological Writings of Eino Kaila -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Philosophically, there is a book which was a tremendous experience for me: Eino Kaila's hychology of the Person­ ality _ His thesis that man lives strictly according to his needs - negative and positive - was shattering to me, but terribly true. And I built on this ground. Ingmar Bergman J 1. This introductory essay is neither intended to be a full presentation nor to be a critical evaluation of the contributions to philosophy made by Eino Kaila. Kaila's work will speak to the reader through the four papers here published in English translation from the German. They belong in the tra­ dition of the Vienna Circle and of logical empiricism. They cover, however, only one period or sector of Kaila's rich and varied life-work. This is the sector best integrated into the mainstream of contemporary philosophic thinking. The primary aim of this essay is to portray an impressive intellectual personality and to make a modest contribution to Finnish and Scandinavian intellectual history. Much of its content may be thought to be of 'local' relevance only. But considering the position which Kaila held in his country and considering his decisive influence on the development of philosophy in Finland, I hope that this local background will also interest an international circle of readers.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400998551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (446p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 4b
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: V / Philosophy of Physics -- 44. The Present State of the Discussion on Relativity (1922) -- 45. The Theory of Motion According to Newton, Leibniz, and Huyghens (1924) -- 46. The Relativistic Theory of Time (1924) -- 47. The Causal Structure of the World and the Difference between Past and Future (1925) -- 48. The Aims and Methods of Physical Knowledge (1929) -- 49. Current Epistemological Problems and the Use of a Three-Valued Logic in Quantum Mechanics (1951) -- 50. The Logical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (1952) -- 51. The Philosophical Significance of the Wave-Particle Dualism (1953) -- VI/Probability and Induction -- 52a. The Physical Presuppositions of the Calculus of Probability (1920) -- 52b. Appendix: A Letter to the Editor (1920) -- 53. A Philosophical Critique of the Probability Calculus (1920) -- 54. Notes on the Problem of Causality [A Letter from Erwin, Schrödinger to Hans Reichenbach] (1924) -- 55. Causality and Probability (1930) -- 56. The Principle of Causality and the Possibility of Its Empirical Confirmation (1932) -- 57. Induction and Probability: Remarks on Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1935) -- 58. The Semantic and the Object Conceptions of Probability Expressions (1939) -- 59. A Letter to Bertrand Russell (March 28, 1949) -- Bibliography of Writings oF Hans Reichenbach -- Index of Names to Volumes One and Two.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400997950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: The Infinite in Mathematics and its Elimination (1930) -- Preface -- Analytic Table of Contents -- 1. Basic Facts of Cognition -- II. Symbolism and Axiomatics -- III. Natural Number and Set -- IV. Negative Numbers, Fractions and Irrational Numbers -- V. Set Theory -- VI. The Problem of Complete Decidability of Arithmetical Questions -- VII. The Antinomies -- Remarks on the Controversy about the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics (1931) -- Questions of Logical Principle in the Investigation of the Foundations of Mathematics (ca. 1931) -- Bibliography of the Published Writings of Felix Kaufman -- Bibliography of Works cited in the Present Volume -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The main item in the present volume was published in 1930 under the title Das Unendliche in der Mathematik und seine Ausschaltung. It was at that time the fullest systematic account from the standpoint of Husserl's phenomenology of what is known as 'finitism' (also as 'intuitionism' and 'constructivism') in mathematics. Since then, important changes have been required in philosophies of mathematics, in part because of Kurt Godel's epoch-making paper of 1931 which established the essential in­ completeness of arithmetic. In the light of that finding, a number of the claims made in the book (and in the accompanying articles) are demon­ strably mistaken. Nevertheless, as a whole it retains much of its original interest and value. It presents the issues in the foundations of mathematics that were under debate when it was written (and in some cases still are); , and it offers one alternative to the currently dominant set-theoretical definitions of the cardinal numbers and other arithmetical concepts. While still a student at the University of Vienna, Felix Kaufmann was greatly impressed by the early philosophical writings (especially by the Logische Untersuchungen) of Edmund Husser!' He was never an uncritical disciple of Husserl, and he integrated into his mature philosophy ideas from a wide assortment of intellectual sources. But he thought of himself as a phenomenologist, and made frequent use in all his major publications of many of Husserl's logical and epistemological theses.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789400997615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (518p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 4a
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Memories of Hans Reichenbach -- 1. Autobiographical Sketches for Academic Purposes -- 2. Memories of Wendeli Erné, Hans Reichenbach’s Sister -- 3. At the End of School Days: A Look Backward and a Look Forward (1909) -- 4. Letter from Reichenbach to His Four Years Older Brother Bernhard -- 5. From a letter of Bernhard Reichenbach to Maria Reichenbach (1975) -- 6. Memories of Ilse Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach’s Sister-in-Law -- 7. Memories of Uncle Hans: Nino Erné -- 8. Hans’ Speech at the Funeral of His Father -- 9. Aphorisms of a Docent Formally Admitted to Teach at a University (1924) -- 10. University Student: Carl Landauer -- 11. University Student: Hilde Landauer -- 12. Memories of Hans Reichenbach, 1928 and Later: Sidney Hook -- 13. A Young University Teacher [from a letter of Carl Hempel to Maria Reichenbach, March 21, 1976] -- 14. A Professor in Turkey, 1936: Memories of Matild Kamber -- 15. Concerning Reichenbach’s Appointment to the University of California at Los Angeles: Charles Morris -- 16. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Rudolf Carnap -- 17. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Herbert Feigl -- 18. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: Ernest Nagel -- 19. U.C.L.A.: Donald Kalish -- 20. U.C.L.A.: Paul Wienpahl -- 21. U.C.L.A.: Norman Dalkey -- 22. U.C.L.A.: Hermann F. Schott -- 23. A Blind Student Recalls Hans Reichcnbach: H. G. Burns -- 24. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: David Brunswick -- 25. U.C.L.A., 1945–1950: Cynthia Schuster -- 26. U.C.L.A., 1949: W. Bruce Taylor -- 27. 1950: Donald A.Wells -- 28. U.C.L.A., 1951–53: Ruth Anna Putnam -- 29. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Frank Leroi -- 30. Hans Reichenbach’s Definitive Influence on Me: Adolf Grünbaum -- 31. At the Chapel, 1953: Abraham Kaplan -- 32. Hans Reichenbach, a Memoir: Wesley C. Salmon -- 33. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Maria Reichenbach -- I / Early Writings on Social Problems -- Student Years: Introductory Note to Part I (M.R.) -- 1. The Student (1912–13) -- 2. The Student Body and Catholicism (1912) -- 3. The Free Student Idea: Its Unified Contents (1913) -- 4. Why do we Advocate Physical Culture? (1913) -- 5. The Meaning of University Reform (1914) -- 6. Platform of the Socialist Students’ Party (1918) -- 7. Socializing the University (1918) -- 8. Report of the Socialist Student Party, Berlin and Notes on the Program (1918) -- II / Popular Scientific Articles -- 9. The Nobel Prize for Einstein (1922) -- 10. Relativity Theory in a Matchbox: A Philosophical Dialogue (1922) -- 11. Tycho Brahe’s Sextants (1926) -- 12. The Effects of Einstein’s Theory (1926) -- 13. An Open Letter to the Berlin Funkstunde Corporation (1926) -- 14. Laying the Foundations of Chemistry: The Work of Marcellin Berthelot (1927) -- 15. Memories of Svante Arrhenius (1927) -- 16. A New Model of the Atom (1927) -- 17. On the Death of H. A. Lorentz (1928) -- 18. Philosophy of the Natural Sciences (1928) -- 19. Space and Time: From Kant to Einstein (1928) -- 20. Causality or Probability? (1928) -- 21. The World View of the Exact Sciences (1928) -- 22. New Approaches in Science: Physical Research (1929) -- 23. New Approaches in Science: Philosophical Research (1929) -- 24. New Approaches in Science: Mathematical Research (1929) -- 25. The New Philosophy of Science (1929) -- 26. Einstein’s New Theory (1929) -- 27. Johannes Kepler (1930) -- 28. The Present State of the Sciences: The Exact Natural Sciences (1930) -- 29. One Hundred Against Einstein (1931) -- 30. Is the Human Mind Capable of Giange? (An Interview) (1932) -- III / General Scientific Articles -- 31. Metaphysics and Natural Science (1925) -- 32. Bertrand Russell (1929) -- 33. The Philosophical Significance of Modern Physics (1930) -- 34. The Königsberg Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences (1930) -- 35. The Problem of Causality in Physics (1931) -- 36. The Physical Concept of Truth (1931) -- 37. Heinrich Scholz’History of Logic (1931) -- 38. Aims and Methods of Modern Philosophy of Nature (1931) -- 39. Kant and Natural Science (1933) -- 40. Carnap’sLogical Structure of the World (1933) -- 41. Theory of Series and Gödel’s Theorems (Sections 17–22) (1948) -- IV / Ethical Analysis -- 42. The Freedom of the Will (1959) -- 43. On the Explication of Ethical Utterances (1959) -- Bibliography of Writings of Hans Reichenbach -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: These two volumes form a full portrait of Hans Reichenbach, from the school boy and university student to the maturing and creative scholar, who was as well an immensely devoted teacher and a gifted popular writer and speaker on science and philosophy. We selected the articles for several reasons. Many of them have not pre­ viously been available in English; many are out of print, either in English or in German; some, especially the early ones, have been little known, and deal with subject-matters other than philosophy of science. The genesis and evolu­ tion of Reichenbach's ideas appeared to be of deep interest, and so we in­ cluded papers from four decades, despite occasional redundancy. We were, for example, pleased to include his extensive review article from the encyclo­ pedic Handbuch der Physik of 1929 on 'The Aims and Methods of Physical Knowledge', written at a time of creative collaboration between Reichenbach's Berlin group and the Vienna Circle of Schlick and Carnap. Reichenbach was a pioneer, opening new pathways to the solution of age-old problems in many fields: space, time, causality, induction and probability - philosophical analysis and interpretation of classical physics, relativity and quantum physics - logic, language, ethics, scientific explanation and methodology, critical appreciation and reconstruction of past metaphysical thinkers and scientists from Plato to Leibniz and Kant. Indeed, his own philosophical journey was initiated by his passage from Kant to anti-Kant.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401011440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Nature of the Axiom of Reducibility (1928) -- II. A Logical Analysis of the Concept of Probability (1930) -- III. The Concept of Identity (1936) -- IV. Moritz Schlick’s Significance for Philosophy (1936) -- V. Hypotheses (before 1936?) -- VI. Is Logic a Deductive Theory? (1938) -- VII. The Relevance of Psychology to Logic (1938) -- VIII. What is Logical Analysis? (1939) -- IX. Fiction (1950) -- X. A Note on Existence (1952) -- XI. A Remark on Experience (I950’s) -- XII. The Linguistic Technique (after 1953) -- XIII. Belief and Knowledge (1950’s) -- XIV. Two Accounts of Knowing (1950’s) -- Bibliography of Works by Friedrich Waismann -- Index of Names.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789401020916
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/From Populäre Schriften: (Writings addressed to the Public) -- Dedication (1905) -- Foreword (1905) -- 1. On the Methods of Theoretical Physics (1892) -- 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1886) -- 5. On the Significance of Theories (1890) -- 9. On Energetics (1896) -- 10. On the Indispensability of Atomism in Natural Science (1897) -- 11. More on Atomism (1897) -- 12. On the Question of the Objective Existence of Processes in Inanimate Nature (1897) -- 14. On the Development of the Methods of Theoretical Physics in Recent Times (1899) -- 16. On the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Mechanics, I, II (1899) -- 17. On the Principles of Mechanics, I, II (1900, 1902) -- 18. An Inaugural Lecture on Natural Philosophy (1903) -- 19. On Statistical Mechanics (1904) -- 20. Reply to a Lecture on Happiness given by Prof. Ostwald (1904) -- 22. On a Thesis of Schopenhauer’s (1905) -- II/From Nature51 (1895) -- On Certain Questions of the Theory of Gases -- III/From Encyclopaedia Britannica10,11 -- Model (1902) -- IV/From Vorlesungen Über Die Principe Der Mechanik (Lectures on the Principles of Mechanics) -- One (1897) -- Two (1904) -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: l. The work of Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) consists of two kinds of writings: in the first part of his active life he devoted himself entirely to problems of physics, while in the second part he tried to find a philosoph­ 1 ical background for his activities in and around the natural sciences. Most scientists are much more aware of his creative work in physics than of his digressions on the meaning and structure of science. I think in the present case the reason is not so much that most scientists are usually almost entirely occupied with their trade, because Boltzmann's philosophical work is also concerned with the (natural) sciences. I rather believe that the quality and consistency of Boltzmann's purely scientific work is of a more appealing nature than his less structured considerations on human activity in science and in life in general. 2. I think that it may be appropriate for the readers of this anthology to say a few words on the main findings of Boltzmann in physics, since in the end their 'philosophical' inlpact has been larger than the effect of his later writings. Moreover some knowledge of his scientific achievements can be helpful for the understanding and appreciation of the essays printed in this book, which almost all stem from Boltzmann's philosophical period. Boltzmann was one of the main protagonists - at least in continental Europe - of atomistics for explaining the phenomena of physics.
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