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  • Charbit, Claire  (3)
  • Club du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (5)
  • Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
  • Urban, Rural and Regional Development  (5)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264374089
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Borders and Conflicts in North and West Africa
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication examine le rôle des régions frontalières dans l'évolution de la violence depuis la fin des années 1990 en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest. Grâce à l’indicateur innovant de l'OCDE sur la dynamique spatiale des conflits (SCDi), le rapport explore la relation croissante entre violence politique et régions frontalières : au niveau régional en analysant plus de 170 000 événements violents entre janvier 1997 et juin 2021 et à l’aide d’études de cas au Sahel central et Sahel oriental. Ces dernières années, la violence dans les espaces frontaliers est plus intense en termes de nombre de victimes et plus diffuse géographiquement. Ce rapport combine des données quantitatives sur la localisation des événements violents et des victimes, leur cartographie dans le temps et l'espace et une analyse des acteurs en conflit pour répondre à trois questions : i) Les zones frontalières sont-elles plus violentes que les autres espaces? ii) L'intensité de la violence dans les régions frontalières a-t-elle augmenté dans le temps ? iii) Certaines zones frontalières sont-elles plus violentes que d'autres ? La proéminence et la complexité croissantes des conflits et des groupes violents transnationaux en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest appellent à une analyse plus territorialisée pour des options politiques plus adaptées et flexibles.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264689107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (205 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020: Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: D’ici 2050, l’Afrique devrait connaître le taux de croissance urbaine le plus rapide du monde. À cet horizon, les villes africaines devraient abriter 950 millions d’habitants supplémentaires. Cette croissance s’opère en grande partie dans les petites et moyennes agglomérations. La transition urbaine africaine est porteuse de grandes opportunités ; elle pose également d’importants défis. Les agglomérations urbaines africaines se développent le plus souvent sans bénéficier de politiques ou d’investissements à la hauteur de ces enjeux. L'aménagement et la gestion urbains sont par conséquent des enjeux de développement prioritaires. Comprendre l’urbanisation, ses moteurs, ses dynamiques et ses impacts est essentiel pour concevoir des politiques — locales, nationales et continentales — ciblées, inclusives et tournées vers l’avenir. Ce rapport, basé sur la base de données géospatiale Africapolis (www.africapolis.org) couvrant 7 600 agglomérations urbaines de 50 pays africains, analyse les dynamiques urbaines sous des angles historiques, politiques et environnementaux. Il couvre l'ensemble des strates du réseau urbain — des villes petites et intermédiaires aux métropoles. Il propose ainsi des options de politiques plus inclusives et ciblées qui intègrent les échelles locale, nationale et régionale du développement urbain en phase avec les réalités africaines.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2017, 02
    Keywords: Lokale öffentliche Güter ; Gemeinwesenarbeit ; Crowdfunding ; Engpass ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the potential of civic crowdfunding as an innovative and collective option for contributing to the production of local public goods. It is articulated around two pillars. The first section provides a general understanding of crowdfunding practices and focuses principally on its civic component. Civic crowdfunding should be distinguished from other types of crowdfunding since it pursues an objective of general interest and mainly concerns place-based projects instigated by citizens and civil society organisations. The aim of this section is to better understand this field, from the general principles to the specific characteristics of actors and their motivations. The second section goes a step further towards the analysis of this practice with regards to the provision of local public goods. Crowdfunded local public goods usually belong to a specific category of public goods, “urban commons”, which generate significant challenges in terms of production, governance and sustainability. Building on the theory of contracts to better understand the interaction among stakeholders in this process, a new model of co-production relying on civic crowdfunding is proposed. Subnational governments would have a key role to play in enabling this practice and facilitating citizen empowerment through the mobilisation of platforms assets. Civic crowdfunding can provide opportunities for subnational governments in terms of citizens/user information, funding, communication, trust and territorial attractiveness. This paper outlines a series of key questions to guide policy makers in experimenting this practice.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2017, 04
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Vertragstheorie ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Mehrebenen-System ; Regionalentwicklung ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Contracts are a key tool for vertical co-ordination, enabling dialogue and capacity building across levels of government. They are frequently used for regional development policy in OECD and non-OECD countries. Drawing on contract theory and a variety of national experiences, this paper identifies three main types of contracts between central and subnational governments according to their objectives: i) empowerment; ii) delegation; and iii) policy-sharing contracts. The differentiation of contracts depending on their objective is based on two key factors: the maturity of decentralisation and the capacity of national and subnational governments. It is expected that with the development of subnational /central government capacities (or both), and with the increasing maturity of decentralisation, contracts can shift from one type to another. The paper concludes by suggesting enforcement mechanisms for more effective contracts across levels of government.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2011/04
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: The ability of sub national governments to “better spend”, by identifying relevant paths for territorial competitiveness and effective delivery of public services, is largely enshrined in their institutional background. Rather than isolated actors, sub national authorities and central governments are “mutually dependent”. In this context, and for a majority of OECD member and non-member countries, the key underlying question is not whether to “decentralise or not” or even opt for a specific decentralisation model, but to look at ways to improve capacity and coordination among public stakeholders at different levels of government to increase efficiency, equity and sustainability of public spending. This question of “multi level governance” is therefore accurate, whatever the constitutional framework of countries, federal or unitary. This paper provides: first, a methodology to diagnose multi level governance challenges; and, second, examples of tools used by OECD countries to bridge co-ordination and capacity “gaps”. This approach has been inspired by OECD regional development policy work, as regional development policy relies both on the diversity of territorial situations and the coherence of regional strategies at the national level. In practice, it has already been tested in a variety of public policies such as public investment, water, and innovation, which all contributed to enrich it with concrete sectoral evidence and experience.
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