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  • Caldera Sánchez, Aida  (7)
  • OECD International Transport Forum
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • Arbeitspapier  (10)
  • Konferenzschrift  (3)
  • 1
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    Fostering innovative business investment in Spain (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1387
    Keywords: KMU ; Wettbewerb ; Innovationsmanagement ; Spanien ; Economics ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Spain has chronically low productivity growth, which undermines its ability to generate higher living standards. Important contributors to low productivity growth are the misallocation of capital to low productivity firms and under-investment in knowledge-based capital. To foster a better allocation of capital a first priority is to better tune bank, capital market and government financing to the needs of new innovative firms. This could be done through better small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) bond and loan securitisation tools, reallocating public financing to early stage finance and making it easier for firms to access public innovation funding by shifting some funding from loans to grants for research and development (R&D) projects. Attracting more foreign capital and improving the regulatory framework to increase the return on investment would also help. This could be done by reducing regulatory barriers that hold back competition, improving the neutrality of the tax system, improving pricing signals and reforming insolvency laws.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f957c2cc-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
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    Reforms for more and better quality jobs in Spain (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1386
    Keywords: Arbeitsplatz ; Arbeitsgestaltung ; Betriebliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitsmarktreform ; Armut ; Einkommensverteilung ; Spanien ; Economics ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Spanish economy is growing strongly, but there is a risk that many people are being left behind. Unemployment, especially among young people and the low-skilled, remains very high. About half of all the unemployed have been unemployed for over a year and one third for more than two years. A quarter of all those who are employed are on temporary jobs. Since the global economic crisis, poverty and inequality have increased. An immediate priority is to ensure adequate income support for those most in need. Getting more people into better jobs is crucial to raise living standards and to reduce poverty. In terms of structural policies, this requires continuing to improve activation policies, such as training and job placement, re-skilling and up-skilling the unemployed, preventing youth from leaving the education system under-qualified and better on-the-job-training. More can be done to foster the creation of better quality jobs by reducing barriers to hiring and addressing labour market duality.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/72275f0b-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
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    Reforming in a difficult macroeconomic context : a review of the issues and recent literature (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1297
    Keywords: Niedrigzinspolitik ; Strukturwandel ; Politische Reform ; Makroökonomik ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the main issues related to the short-term impact of structural reforms in different macroeconomic contexts and takes stock of existing theoretical and empirical studies. Taking reforms introduced in “normal” times as a benchmark, it reviews the available evidence on the impact of reforms that are implemented in “bad” times - i.e. in the presence of a sizeable negative output gap and persistently weak demand - as well as under different assumptions regarding the availability or effectiveness of macroeconomic policies in supporting the reforms. In doing so the paper focuses on the key channels through which different reforms influence short-term activity via the main components of demand and discusses how these channels operate under different macro conditions. Overall, the evidence suggests that in a context of weak demand, structural reform strategies will have significantly better chances of being successful if they put more weight on measures that in addition to stimulate employment or productivity in the medium term can best support demand in the short term.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlzgj45b3q0-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
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    How do policies influence GDP tail risks? (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1339
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Schock ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Regressionsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between policy settings and extreme positive and negative growth events, what we call GDP tail risks, using quantile regression methods. Conditioning on several country characteristics such as the size, stage of development and openness to trade as well as macroeconomic policies, the following findings for a panel of mostly OECD countries emerge: First, countries with stronger banking supervision and capital market development, better quality of governance, higher foreign reserves and several labour market characteristics such as higher unemployment benefits and greater spending in active labour market policies tend to experience less severe negative growth shocks (negative tail risk). Second, greater use of macro-prudential tools is generally associated with less extreme positive growth shocks (positive tail risk) and lower average growth. Third, larger automatic stabilisers are associated with both less severe negative and positive growth shocks but also lower average growth.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jln0428l1wl-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
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    Strengthening economic resilience : insights from the post-1970 record of severe recessions and financial crises (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 20 (December 2016)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.20
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Konjunktur ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Stabilisierungspolitik ; Krisenmanagement ; Coping-Strategie ; Regressionsanalyse ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Considering the deep and long-lasting impact of severe recessions, such as the 2008-09 financial crisis, it is important that measures be taken to minimise the risk of such event. But in doing so the benefits need to be balanced against the potential costs in terms of lower average growth that some of the actions to lower vulnerabilities to bad events could entail. Insofar as the risk-mitigating measures can involve a trade-off between growth and crisis risk, the most cost-effective actions need to be identified, spanning both macro and structural policies. The work summarised in this paper has explored this issue using two complementary empirical approaches, both providing insights on the impact of various policy settings on average GDP growth on the one hand, and either crisis risks or GDP growth at the (negative) tail end, on the other. The results indicate that pro-growth product and labour market policies generally have little impact on the exposure to crisis. More significant tradeoffs between efficiency and crisis risk arise in the case of financial market policies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6b748a4b-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
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    Can reforms promoting growth increase financial fragility? : an empirical assessment (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1340
    Keywords: 1970-2010 ; Wachstumspolitik ; Finanzkrise ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Vulnerabilitätsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Certain growth-promoting policies can have negative side-effects by increasing the vulnerability of economies to financial crises. Typical examples are greater openness to financial flows or more liberalised financial markets. This paper investigates whether the growth benefits of policy reforms in these growth-enhancing areas, and others such as trade openness, exceed the possible costs of occasional, albeit potentially severe, crises for a sample of 100 developed and emerging economies from 1970 to 2010. The results suggest that the pro-growth effects of greater capital account openness outweigh the negative effects of a higher propensity to twin crises. Greater domestic financial liberalisation is associated with faster growth, but also with a higher propensity to systemic banking and twin crises. A free floating exchange rate and greater openness to trade, by reducing the likelihood of currency crises, are associated with higher growth. While pro-competitive product market regulations and lower corporate taxes are associated with higher growth, they do not seem to influence financial fragility via higher probability of crises.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jln0421ld25-en
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  • 7
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    De meilleures réglementations économiques : le rôle du régulateur ; synthèse et conclusions (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Forum International des Transports 2011-3
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2011/03
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. Better economic regulation
    Keywords: Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Good Governance ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Des services de transport de qualité apportent beaucoup à la productivité d’une économie et élargissent l’éventail des activités accessibles aux consommateurs. Ils requièrent des infrastructures adéquates et des conditions raisonnables d’utilisation de ces infrastructures. Beaucoup d’infrastructures de transport sont lourdes et présentent une intensité capitalistique élevée, ce qui a pour effet de limiter le nombre de prestataires de services. La structure des coûts et la technologie sont parfois telles que la réglementation économique est le meilleur moyen d’optimiser les résultats. La mise en place des structures de gouvernance appropriées – qui consiste notamment à déterminer quand et comment réglementer – est capitale pour les performances du secteur. Elle fait l’objet du présent document qui fait la synthèse des débats menés au cours de la Table Ronde1 de décembre 2010.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg9mq42xlr7-fr
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  • 8
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    Housing Markets and Structural Policies in OECD Countries (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 85 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.836
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgk8t2k9vf3-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
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    Perspectives des transports 2010 : le potentiel de l'innovation (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: [Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports] [2010-15]
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/15
    Keywords: Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Le présent rapport expose des données et une réflexion sur les évolutions récentes des marchés mondiaux des transports, et analyse les politiques qui semblent les plus prometteuses pour stabiliser les émissions de CO2 des véhicules légers. Au lendemain de la crise économique, la reprise encore incertaine n’est pas uniformément répartie sur l’ensemble de la planète. Cette conjoncture peut avoir des répercussions sur les structures des échanges et les flux de produits au niveau mondial, et donc sur les principaux flux de transport de marchandises. Il y a fort lieu de penser, d’après notre analyse, que la maîtrise des émissions futures de gaz à effet de serre dues aux transports passera par le recours aux technologies permettant de réduire…
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Transport outlook 2010 : the potential for innovation , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km4q8jb0n30-fr
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  • 10
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    Les perspectives du transport interurbain de personnes : rapprocher les citoyens - 18ème Symposium international sur l'économie des transports et la politique (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2010-11
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2010/11
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T. The future of interurban passenger transport - bringing citizens closer together
    Keywords: Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Le Symposium a réuni des spécialistes des transports de haut vol venant de partout dans le monde pour débattre des perspectives du transport interurbain de voyageurs. Un premier ensemble de rapports traite des déterminants de la demande de transport interurbain de voyageurs et du sens dans lequel elle pourrait évoluer dans le futur. Les autres rapports s’étendent sur les principales questions auxquelles l’évolution à long terme de la demande contraindra la politique des transports à trouver une réponse, c’est-à-dire quand investir dans la grande vitesse ferroviaire, quelles règles adopter pour assurer l’efficience de l’exploitation, comment répartir l’infrastructure entre ses différentes catégories d’utilisateurs (par exemple les voitures et les camions), quel rôle attribuer à l’information et comment…
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5km4pskcztq3-fr
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  • 11
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    Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102480
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.145
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Verkehrsmittel ; Wettbewerb ; Luftverkehr ; Wettbewerb ; Hochgeschwindigkeitszug
    Abstract: Comment réglementer les aéroports de façon à limiter leur pouvoir de marché ? Ce rapport part du principe que la question préalable à se poser est de savoir s’il est indiqué de réglementer. La réglementation étant imparfaite et coûteuse, les pouvoirs publics devraient chaque fois que c’est possible établir les conditions propices au développement de la concurrence entre aéroports en lieu et place d’une réglementation détaillée. Lorsque la réglementation économique se justifie, par exemple pour des aéroports très encombrés, le rapport examine les différentes approches réglementaires possibles pour déterminer celle qui est, en définitive, la plus adaptée. Il évalue aussi les stratégies de gestion des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En intégrant l’aviation aux systèmes ouverts d’échange de droits d’émission, on pourrait réduire efficacement les émissions, mais on ne saurait en attendre des réductions importantes des émissions de CO2 dans le transport aérien proprement dit. Enfin, le rapport recense les conditions économiques dans lesquelles le train à grande vitesse peut devenir un substitut concurrentiel de l’avion. Cependant il conclut que le rail offre seulement des possibilités limitées en matière de réduction des ; émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur la partie correspondante du marché des transports.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Competitive interaction between airports, airlines and high-speed rail
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102480-fr
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  • 12
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    Concurrence entre les ports et les liaisons terrestres avec l'arrière-pays (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102299
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.143
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Port Competition and Hinterland Connections
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Hinterland
    Abstract: Cette publication de la série Tables Rondes examine les défis stratégiques et réglementaires que pose l’évolution rapide de l’environnement portuaire. L’innovation technologique et organisationnelle, ainsi qu’une très forte expansion des échanges, ont en effet radicalement transformé le secteur portuaire au cours des dernières décennies. Bien que les ports desservent aujourd’hui des arrière-pays qui s’étendent profondément à l’intérieur des continents, la concurrence interportuaire ne cesse de s’intensifier, affaiblissant le pouvoir de négociation des ports dans la chaîne logistique. L’accroissement du débit portuaire se heurte à une résistance de plus en plus forte des collectivités locales en raison de la pollution et de la congestion qu’il entraîne. La réglementation locale est justifiée, mais sa mise en œuvre est compliquée par la répartition du pouvoir de négociation entre les parties prenantes. Des autorités d’un niveau plus élevé seraient en mesure de formuler des politiques plus efficaces.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Port competition and hinterland connections
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102299-fr
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