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  • Oueslati, Walid  (3)
  • Bonnafous, Alain  (2)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (5)
  • Helsinki : Otava
  • London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
  • Transport  (5)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.198
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Taxation ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: The fuel efficiency of conventional private vehicles is a key input in the design of several economic and environmental policies. Reliable projections of the fuel efficiency variable can improve estimates on the future emission savings from policies promoting vehicle replacement, and on future revenues from fuel taxes. This paper examines the evolution of fuel efficiency using data on cars entering the US market from 1984 to 2020. It uses a series of new indexes for the gasoline cost in OECD countries and the stringency of fuel economy regulations. The paper shows that the effect of fuel prices and taxes is significant and robust. Doubling the user cost of gasoline with a stringent carbon tax will cause an irreversible increase in fuel efficiency by 6-11%. Increasing the stringency of the US CAFE standards by 10% raises average fuel efficiency by 2-3%. The impact of cross-market regulations is ambiguous.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.175
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Policy action to avoid the impending societal costs of climate change is particularly warranted in transport sector, which is responsible for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries. To design appropriate interventions in this sector, policy makers should account for the recent emergence of shared mobility services in urban areas and their potential advantages in terms of emissions mitigation. This study estimates the impact that the widespread uptake of shared mobility services could have on the carbon footprint of urban transport. To this end, it simulates the share of each transport mode and aggregate emissions from passenger transport in 247 cities across 29 OECD countries between 2015 and 2050. The analysis indicates that they have the potential to eliminate, on average, 6.3% of urban passenger transport emissions by the end of this period.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 122
    Keywords: Landnutzung ; Verkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Objektorientierte Programmierung ; CGE-Modell ; Mikrosimulation ; Environment ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes MOLES 1.0, an integrated land-use and transport model developed with Object-Oriented Programming principles in order to combine selected characteristics from Spatial Computable General Equilibrium and microsimulation models.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2014/10
    Keywords: Transport ; France
    Abstract: In France, the obligation to conduct an ex-post assessment is relatively recent (1982) but it has in fact revealed some methodological problems that flow from the retrospective nature of the exercise. This report shows that some of those difficulties can be overcome through the establishment of permanent observatories. It presents examples of such observatories, with a particular focus on motorway (“autoroute”, or “freeway” in North American usage) investments. A particular case is then investigated, concerning the socioeconomic observatory on the effects of the Sud-Europe-Atlantique [South-Europe-Atlantic] high-speed train line that is now under construction. This major project (€7.8 billion) has been let under a concession. The concession contract calls for the establishment of an observatory that also covers the construction period and is to remain in operation for 10 years after the line comes into service, or until 2027. Besides an overall presentation of the mechanism, the report deals in particular with the metrological precautions that must be taken in order to monitor the multimodal offer of transport for the areas concerned. One of the key issues here, in fact, is to explain the discrepancies between forecast and projected and actual traffic, an explanation that may be more complete than in the ex-post evaluation procedure.
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  • 5
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2014/24
    Keywords: Transport ; France
    Abstract: La France est un acteur clé de l’Europe ferroviaire. Elle occupe, et de loin, la première place pour la grande vitesse ferroviaire (53 milliards de voyageurs-kilomètres en 2013). Grâce à l’importance de ce segment de marché, la France est le pays d’Europe qui affiche chaque année le plus grand nombre de voyageurs-kilomètres (92,4 milliards en 2013). En ce qui concerne le fret, ses 32 milliards de tonnes kilomètres la placent au troisième rang en Europe derrière l’Allemagne et la Pologne (Respectivement 112 et 40 milliards de TK en 2013). Ces résultats sont à mettre en relation avec les politiques publiques conduites en France depuis de nombreuses années dans le domaine du ferroviaire.
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