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  • Douglass, John Aubrey  (4)
  • Bitat, Abdelfeteh  (2)
  • Kitagawa, Fumi
  • Wise, Michael
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (10)
  • United States  (7)
  • Japan  (5)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-37
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'esprit d'entreprise des États et des universités aux États-Unis axées sur la recherche : La politique et les nouvelles initiatives des États
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The convergence of United States federal science and economic policy that began in earnest under the Reagan administration formed the First Stage in an emerging post-Cold War drive toward technological innovation. A frenzy of new state-based initiatives now forms the Second Stage, further promoting universities as decisive tools for economic competitiveness. This paper outlines the characteristics of this Second Stage. Among the author’s conclusions are the following: high tech (HT) economic activity is already relatively widespread among the various states; leading HT states rely heavily on their university sectors and a highly educated workforce, yet are increasingly importing talent and neglecting investment in the education and skills of their native population; the long-term commitment of states to financially support the frenzy of HT initiatives is unclear; and state initiatives are rationalised by lawmakers as filling a need not currently met by the private sector or universities and, in part, by a sense of competition between states, with only a minor concern with global competition, thus far. As this paper explores, the politics of HT, including the focus on university-industry collaboration and neo-conservative religious/moral controversies over stem cell research, are a significant factor for understanding how and why most states are pursuing the Second Stage.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-44
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 45 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Entrepreneurial State and Research Universities in the United States: Policy and New State-based Initiatives
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: La convergence aux États-Unis de la politique fédérale en matière économique et scientifique, qui s’est vraiment mise en œuvre sous l’administration Reagan, a constitué la première étape d’un processus nouveau pour la période de l’après-guerre froide, celui de l’innovation technologique. Aujourd’hui, la seconde étape se compose d’une pléthore d’initiatives nouvelles soutenues par les États, où les universités sont de plus en plus perçues comme des outils indispensables à la compétitivité économique. Le présent document donne une vue d’ensemble de cette seconde étape. Les conclusions de l’auteur sont diverses : la place des hautes technologies dans l’économie est déjà relativement importante dans les différents États ; les États occupant une place dominante dans le domaine des hautes technologies dépendent pour beaucoup de leurs universités et d’une main-d’œuvre ayant suivi un enseignement supérieur, mais ont de plus en plus tendance à importer des compétences et à négliger les investissements dans l’enseignement et la formation de leur population autochtone ; il est difficile de déterminer si les États vont s’engager sur le long terme à soutenir financièrement le développement frénétique des initiatives touchant aux hautes technologies ; enfin, les initiatives prises au niveau des États sont justifiées par les législateurs comme satisfaisant un besoin qui n’est actuellement rempli ni par le secteur privé, ni par les universités, ainsi que, en partie, comme une réponse à la notion de concurrence entre les États, mais très peu jusqu’alors comme une volonté d’être compétitifs au niveau mondial. Comme le montre le présent document, la politique relative aux hautes technologies – y compris l’accent qui est mis sur la collaboration entre universités et industrie ou les controverses néo conservatrices d’ordre moral/religieux qui entourent la recherche sur les cellules souches – est un élément important pour comprendre pourquoi et comment la plupart des États s’engagent dans cette seconde étape.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1-28
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur et le spectre des droits variables : Politiques publiques et réactions des établissements aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1-28
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As part of a larger effort to fund public universities, variable fees at the graduate and undergraduate levels are a topic of discussion in the United States and increasingly throughout the European Union. This essay describes the relatively new shift to have students pay for a significant portion of their university education, emerging fee structures, and discusses the possible policy implications of variable fee structures. We argue that emerging cost-sharing fee policy in the United States and in England is being pursued incrementally, without an adequate conceptual model for long-term funding of universities and their possible impact on students and academic programs.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1-33
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Higher Education and the Spectre of Variable Fees: Public Policy and Institutional Responses in the United States and the United Kingdom
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1-33
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Dans le cadre d’un effort plus vaste visant à financer les universités publiques, l’instauration de droits de scolarité variables aux niveaux post-licence et pré-licence fait débat aux États-Unis et, de plus en plus, dans toute l’Union européenne. Le présent article décrit la tendance relativement nouvelle qui consiste à faire payer aux étudiants une part importante du coût de leurs études, il présente également les nouvelles structures des droits de scolarité et analyse les répercussions éventuelles des mécanismes de droits variables du point de vue de l’action. Nous défendrons l’idée selon laquelle les nouvelles politiques élaborées aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni en matière de partage des droits de scolarité sont mises en place progressivement, sans modèle conceptuel adéquat sur le financement à long terme des universités et sur leurs conséquences possibles pour les étudiants et pour les programmes universitaires.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 17, no. 1, p. 49-68
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 23 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Constructing Advantage in the Knowledge Society: Roles of Universities Reconsidered: The case of Japan
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 17, no. 1, p. 49-68
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: A partir de l'analyse des contextes propres à plusieurs pays de l'OCDE, on examine dans cet article l'évolution rapide de l'environnement japonais, caractérisée par la transformation en 2004 des universités nationales en entités « constituées en société ». L’auteur examine le rôle des universités dans la société du savoir à la lumière de l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes de recherche et d'apprentissage, conditionnés par les forces combinées de la mondialisation et de la régionalisation. Ce changement juridique historique a des effets divers sur les rapports entre l'État et les universités. On part en général du principe que les universités sont appelées à fonctionner dans un environnement plus concurrentiel, caractérisé par les diminutions du financement public, et qu'il sera donc de plus en plus nécessaire de trouver des sources de financement externes, ainsi que des méthodes de gestion plus efficientes et plus réactives. Le Gouvernement japonais accentue l'ouverture du système d'enseignement supérieur sur la société et l'entreprise, ce qui se traduit par de nouvelles formes de concurrence et de collaboration au titre des partenariats stratégiques locaux et mondiaux. L'effet de ces nouveaux rapports présente quatre dimensions principales : l'économie, les ressources humaines, la gouvernance et la collectivité. Partant de la notion théorique de « l'avantage construit », on met en évidence dans cet article les capacités spatiales de mise en réseau du savoir des établissements et des agents aux niveaux local, national et mondial. Les universités mettent au point de nouvelles stratégies de mise en réseau du savoir, tandis que les mécanismes futurs de décision et d'évaluation méritent d'être étudiés de près.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 17, no. 1, p. 45-62
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Construire l'avantage dans la société du savoir : Une nouvelle conception du rôle des universités : l'exemple japonais
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 17, no. 1, p. 45-62
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: Based on an analysis of policy contexts in several OECD countries, this article examines the rapidly changing policy environment in Japan exemplified by the 2004 transformation of national universities into “incorporated” entities. The role of universities in the knowledge society is examined in light of the emergence of new research and learning systems, conditioned by forces of both globalisation and regionalisation. This historic legal change affects state-university relations in a number of distinctive ways. It is generally assumed that universities will find themselves in a more competitive environment accompanied by cuts in public funding and that there will, therefore, be a growing need to find external sources of funding as well as more efficient and responsive management approaches. The Japanese Government is further opening the higher education system to society and industry, which has resulted in new forms of competition and collaboration among local and global strategic partnerships. The impact of these new relationships can be perceived in four principal dimensions: economy, human resource, governance and community. Based on the conceptual notion of “constructed advantage”, this paper highlights spatial knowledge networking capabilities between institutions/agents at local, national and global levels. Universities are formulating new strategies in networking knowledge, whilst future state policy and evaluation mechanisms warrant close investigation.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.387
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. However, in Japan the promotion of competition has long been compromised by ministerial guidance and exemptions from the competition law. Thus, the level and growth of productivity have been low in many domestically oriented sectors and consumer welfare has suffered under high prices and the slow introduction of new goods and services. This misallocation of resources contributes to explaining why the Japanese economy had difficulty in coming out of the quasi-stagnation of the past decade. Recognising that gains from more pro-competition policies are substantial, the Japanese government has now made the promotion of competitive markets a cornerstone of its economic policy. Reforms to promote product market competition in Japan should inter alia focus on strengthening the legal framework by increasing fines to a deterrent level and introducing cartel destabilising measures, such as a leniency ...
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.398
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD countries for some time. This has contributed to sizeable productivity gains and good economic performance over the past decade or so. Nonetheless, despite the generally pro-competitive thrust of policies, a number of challenges remain. Although there are few sectors of the economy from which competition policy and law are completely excluded, given the high risk of sanctions and damages for violation, many anomalous exemptions and special regimes have found their way into US legislation. Contrary to other OECD countries, government related firms are exempted from competition enforcement. Intellectual property rights create special challenges for competition policy and some problems have followed their strengthening over the past two decades, such as the soaring cost of patent litigation. The generally favourable experience with deregulation created pressures for liberalisation in network industries, where the United States has rather been a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some setbacks, reflecting both the difficulties in ensuring competition in such industries and policy mistakes.
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