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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterising farming resilience capacities : An example of crop farms in the United Kingdom (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.195
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Improving the resilience of farmers against external shocks is a priority for policy makers. This paper measures the resilience of a sample of farmers in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of the 2011-12 drought on their productivity and income. The analysis allows for the distinction of four resilience capacities: to prepare; to absorb the immediate impact of the shock; to adapt farming practices to a new environment; and to transform the business model, and improve productivity and income in the longer term. Results show that a single farm rarely performs strongly across these four capacities, and that those farms that best absorb the impact of the drought, perform poorly in transforming their business after the shock. While size and diversification improve absorption and adaptation, innovation is a key driver of long-term resilience to keep the pace of productivity gains. In the past, policies on agricultural risk management focused on the absorption capacity of farms and on stabilising income. Forward-looking resilience policies today need to prioritise other capacities, in particular preparedness, adaptation and transformation.
    DOI: 10.1787/1e26883b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Fostering agricultural and rural policy dialogue (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.197
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Agricultural and rural policies can benefit from potential synergies when designed correctly. Broadly speaking, agricultural policies target farms and food production, while rural policies focus on ensuring the development of a territory and the well-being of the rural population. Despite these differences, both policies are often applied within the same territory and share a growing interest in improving environmental sustainability and adapting to climate change, as well as improving inclusiveness, food security and nutrition, and increasing productivity and innovation. This paper calls for a constructive dialogue on policies and processes to enhance the synergies and coherence in policy advice, and helping to resolve possible trade-offs between agricultural and rural policies. There are many opportunities to build on potential synergies, including on the role of agriculture in structural change in rural areas, on diversifying farm and rural economies, and on ensuring environmental sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/d36fcbad-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The digitalisation of agriculture : A literature review and emerging policy issues (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.176
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Digitalisation offers the potential to help address the productivity, sustainability and resilience challenges facing agriculture. Evidence on the adoption and impacts of digital agriculture in OECD countries from national surveys and the literature indicates broad use of digital technologies in row crop farms, but less evidence is available on uptake for livestock and speciality crops. Common barriers to adoption include costs (up-front investment and recurring maintenance expenses), relevance and limited use cases, user-friendliness, high operator skill requirements, mistrust of algorithms, and technological risk. National governments have an important role in addressing bottlenecks to adoption, such as by ensuring better information about costs and benefits of various technologies (including intangible benefits such as quality of life improvements); investing in human capital; ensuring appropriate incentives for innovation; serving as knowledge brokers and facilitators of data-sharing to spur inclusive, secure and representative data ecosystems; and promoting competitive markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/285cc27d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Policies to bolster trust in agricultural digitalisation : Issues note (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.175
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: One important constraint to farmers’ adoption of digital technologies, beyond costs, relevance, user-friendliness, human capital requirements, and perceived technology risks, is farmers’ lack of trust in digital technologies. A number of issues underlie this lack of trust: 1) problems of data privacy, security, and confidence in data sharing; 2) cases of misaligned incentives of sellers and buyers of digital technologies; 3) difficulty in learning how to unwrap “black box” technologies; and 4) lack of standards for comparing and certifying the operation of digital technologies. Governments have several potential options to help bridge these trust gaps. These include encouraging firms to decouple their sales of problem assessment from sales of solutions; strengthening public sector extension services and farmers’ technological learning; facilitating the development of risk-sharing arrangements between technology providers and farmers; and exploring ways to promote the standardisation of evaluation and certification of digital agricultural technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a89a749-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and the environment : A guide to emerging best practices in measurement (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.177
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Increased productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector are core policy objectives in OECD and non-OECD countries. This Guide provides an overview of the current state of the art in measuring sustainable productivity of the agricultural sector and analysing sources of growth in a reliable and comparable manner across countries in a way useful for policy makers. It draws on the contributions from members of the OECD Network on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and the Environment that brings together relevant experts from academia and national statistical agencies. Its insights will be key for designing policies necessary to meet the triple challenge of feeding a growing world population and providing incomes to food system actors whilst ensuring environmental sustainability.The Guide presents recommendations in two areas. First, on how to improve the traditional calculation of TFP based on market prices inputs and outputs, proposing harmonised methods on capital measurement, land pricing, output aggregation and quality adjustment. Second, on how to account for environmental outcomes, considering a reduction in pollution or emissions as a productivity gain, but the increased use of natural capital as a productivity loss. A main challenge is the estimation of “shadow prices” for non-market inputs and outputs. It is recommended to pursue several complementary avenues: investing in improving TFP methodologies and data; continuing investigating its expansion to include environmental outcomes; and mapping traditional TFP with other indicators of agri-environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/6fe2f9e0-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Design principles for agricultural risk management policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.157
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Government support for agricultural risk management tools has grown substantially over the past two decades. While these tools can play a role in strengthening farm-level resilience by helping farmers to cope with the financial impact of adverse events, they also modify farmers’ incentives to invest in risk-reducing measures and market tools. Policy design is critical to maximise effectiveness while minimising unintended consequences. This report reviews the accumulated experience on four types of publicly-supported agricultural risk management tools (ex post disaster aid, agricultural insurance, income stabilisation schemes and tax and savings measures). It suggests some basic principles on how countries can improve the design of their agricultural risk management policies, using a holistic approach and focusing on market failures. The report also highlights the need for more transparency on basic programme data, and for periodic public evaluation of existing programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/1048819f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
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    Dynamics of farm performance and policy impacts: Main findings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.164
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway
    Abstract: Increasing productivity at farm level is a key policy objective across most countries and fundamental to the overall performance of agricultural and food systems. This paper applies dynamic statistical methods to farm level data in order to identify the determinants of farm performance over time, in terms of productivity and measures of local sustainability. The analysis sheds light on the effects of policies on productivity, and the links between productivity and sustainability outcomes. It draws on key findings from seven case studies: crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales); and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different sample periods, from the most recent three decades to the last five years. A key finding is that policy changes increasing the degree of decoupling of payments have a positive impact on productivity. Furthermore, with the right incentives, productivity growth can be more locally sustainable insofar as farms can produce more output with less inputs that harm the environment. The detailed background work on the seven samples of crops and dairy farms in the above countries is available in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°165.
    DOI: 10.1787/af1f4600-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Dynamics of farm performance and policy impacts: Case studies : Case Studies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.165
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Australia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; France ; Italy ; Norway ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper provides detailed farm level data evidence on the dynamics of farm performance from case studies covering crop farms in Australia, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales), and dairy farms in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Norway, with different recent sample periods of five to thirty years. An increase in productivity over time is common to all countries and most crop farm classes, but productivity dynamics vary significantly. In Australia, strong productivity growth among the most productive crop farms has led to an increase in the gap between the highest and lowest performing farms; whereas in France, Italy and the United Kingdom, productivity growth was weak among the most productive crop farms and the lowest performing farms closed the productivity gap. Productivity also increased among dairy farms, with an increasing gap between the most and the least productive farm classes in the three sample countries. The impact of policy changes on performance dynamics is analysed for decoupled payments in France and England, and dairy payments in the Czech Republic. The main findings across countries and policy implications are discussed in OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Paper N°164.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ce71854-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Gestion des risques dans les petites exploitations agricoles des pays en développement (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Smallholder Risk Management in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport aborde différents aspects des risques et de la gestion des risques dans les petites exploitations agricoles des pays en développement et présente une évaluation quantitative des risques et des stratégies de gestion des risques au niveau des exploitations dans trois pays émergents : le Brésil, la Chine et le Viêtnam. L’analyse couvre les risques liés à la production, aux revenus et à la pauvreté. Dans les pays en développement, les cadres institutionnels et politiques sont souvent moins élaborés, ce qui renforce l’incidence des imperfections du marché dans des domaines essentiels comme le crédit et l’assurance. Cette situation limite l’accès des agriculteurs aux instruments et stratégies de gestion des risques et les rend largement dépendants de mécanismes informels et de stratégies communautaires. Les conséquences des risques et les réponses à ces risques ne sont pas non plus les mêmes dans les pays en développement où les petits exploitants sont souvent contraints de recourir à des stratégies qui entretiennent la pauvreté. Lorsque les décisions de reconversion des ménages agricoles sont largement conditionnées par le risque, l’existence de mécanismes d’assurance ou de filets de sécurité pourrait aider ces derniers à franchir le pas. L’étude des deux régions vietnamiennes montre que les ménages qui ont intégré avec succès le secteur non agricole ont conservé des petites parcelles pour leur consommation personnelle. Cela suggère que l’agriculture reste, d’une certaine façon, un filet de sécurité.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k437p21lmd6-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    La gestion des risques agricoles au Canada (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 94 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Risk Management in Agriculture in Canada
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Canada
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse le système de gestion des risques en agriculture mis en œuvre en Australie, en adoptant une méthodologie globale qui prend en compte les interactions entre l’ensemble des sources de risques, les stratégies des agriculteurs et les politiques. L’analyse stratégique s’articule autour de trois catégories de risques d’intensité croissante qui réclament chacune une intervention bien spécifique des différents intervenants : les risques normaux (fréquents) dont la prise en charge doit rester au niveau des agriculteurs, les risques commerciaux intermédiaires qui peuvent être transférés par le biais d’instruments du marché, et les risques de catastrophe qui nécessitent l’aide des pouvoirs publics. La délimitation des trois catégories de risques décrites ci-dessus constitue le thème central du présent rapport. Au Canada, le système se caractérise par un nombre excessif de politiques, ce qui ne permet pas aux agriculteurs de comprendre facilement de quelles catégories de risques ils doivent assurer eux-mêmes la gestion. Les politiques, au nombre desquelles figurent Agri-investissement, Agri-assurance, Agri-stabilité et Agri-relance, côtoient des mesures plus ponctuelles. L’analyse d’Agri-stabilité permet de mieux comprendre l’économie des politiques de stabilisation des revenus agricoles.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kghq53d1v6h-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
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    La gestion des risques agricoles en Espagne (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Risk Management in Agriculture in Spain
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse le système de gestion des risques en agriculture mis en oeuvre en Espagne, en adoptant une méthodologie globale qui prend en compte les interactions entre l’ensemble des sources de risques, les stratégies des agriculteurs et les politiques. L’analyse stratégique s’articule autour de trois catégories de risques d’intensité croissante qui réclament chacune une intervention bien spécifique des différents intervenants : les risques normaux (fréquents) dont la prise en charge doit rester au niveau des agriculteurs, les risques commerciaux intermédiaires qui peuvent être transférés par le biais d’instruments du marché, et les risques de catastrophe qui nécessitent l’aide des pouvoirs publics. La délimitation des trois catégories de risques décrites ci-dessus constitue le thème central du présent rapport. Le présent document aborde deux principaux domaines d’intervention stratégiques. Premièrement, la contribution du système d’assurance à l’efficience du marché, qui s’exprime davantage à travers les dispositifs de partage des informations dans le partenariat public-privé, que par les primes subventionnées. Deuxièmement, le système d’assurance en tant qu’instrument d’aide en cas de catastrophe naturelle.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kggh4stgtxv-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Analyse des risques au niveau des exploitations et stratégies et politiques de gestion des risques : Analyse comparative entre pays (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Farm Level Analysis of Risk and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Cross Country Analysis
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Ce document présente les travaux sur l’analyse de l’environnement, des stratégies et des politiques relatifs à la gestion des risques au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Deux types de résultats sont présentés: des indicateurs statistiques de l’exposition au risque au niveau de chaque agent, et des résultats de simulation de stratégies de gestion des risques obtenus à l’aide d’un modèle de simulation microéconomique.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmd6b5kdgtk-fr
    URL: Volltext
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