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  • Agazzi, Evandro  (8)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (7)
  • Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer  (1)
  • Science Philosophy  (7)
  • Mathematics  (1)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401007801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 281 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 72
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; medicine Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medical sciences.
    Abstract: In medicine the understanding and interpretation of the complex reality of illness currently refers either to an organismic approach that focuses on the physical or to a 'holistic' approach that takes into account the patient's human sociocultural involvement. Yet as the papers of this collection show, the suffering human person refers ultimately to his/her existential sphere. Hence, praxis is supplemented by still other perspectives for valuation and interpretation: ethical, spiritual, and religious. Can medicine ignore these considerations or push them to the side as being subjective and arbitrary? Phenomenology/philosophy-of-life recognizes all of the above approaches to be essential facets of the Human Condition (Tymieniecka). This approach holds that all the facets of the Human Condition have equal objectivity and legitimacy. It completes the accepted medical outlook and points the way toward a new `medical humanism'
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401593915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 377 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 215
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 215
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Artificial intelligence ; Quantum physics. ; Gravitation. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The debate on realism in physics is usually focused on the reality of unobservable entities admitted in physical theories. This reality has been often denied (e.g., by Bas van Fraassen). The present book shows that observability is a very complex notion that does not really have direct implications on ontological issues related to the existence of the non-observable entities. This is shown through historical, philosophical and scientific considerations presented in the different parts of the book. Emphasis is also given to the role of experiments, measurement procedures and computer-analyzed data as interface between the theoretical and experimental cultures
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401156905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 361 Seiten) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 22
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    Keywords: Mathematics ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The book is of interest to general philosophers of science, thanks to the attention paid to logical, linguistic and ontological issues regarding mathematics. People interested in foundational research will find penetrating papers regarding structuralist and set-theoretical approaches. Scientists may appreciate the analyses of the role of mathematics in several sciences
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401134927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 214 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 18
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Reductionism as Negation of the Scientific Spirit -- The Power and Limits of Reduction -- Theory of Antireductionist Arguments:The Bohr Case Study -- A Short History of Emergence and Reductionism -- The Technical Problem of “Full Abstractness” as a Model for an Issue in Reductionism -- A Neutral Reduction: Analytical Method and Positivism -- Reductionism and Reduction in Logic and in Mathematics -- Reductionism in Biology -- Reductionism: Palaver without Precedent -- Must a Science of Artificial Intelligence be Necessarily Reductionist? -- Can Psychological Software be Reduced to Physiological Hardware? -- On the Problem of Reducing Value-Components in Epistemology -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The topic to which this book is devoted is reductionism, and not reduction. The difference in the adoption of these two denominations is not, contrary to what might appear at first sight, just a matter of preference between a more abstract (reductionism) or a more concrete (reduction) terminology for indicating the same sUbject matter. In fact, the difference is that between a philosophical doctrine (or, perhaps, simply a philosophical tenet or claim) and a scientific procedure. Of course, this does not mean that these two fields are separated; they are only distinct, and this already means that they are also likely to be interrelated. However it is useful to consider them separately, if at least to better understand how and why they are interconnected. Just to give a first example of difference, we can remark that a philosophical doctrine is something which makes a claim and, as such, invites controversy and should, in a way, be challenged. A scientific procedure, on the other hand, is something which concretely exists, and as such must be first of all described, interpreted, understood, defined precisely and analyzed critically; this work may well lead to uncovering limitations of this procedure, or of certain ways of conceiving or defining it, but it does not lead to really challenging it.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 217
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Mathematical physics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Gravitation.
    Abstract: The Universe as a Scientific and Philosophical Problem -- The Geometric Structure of the Universe -- Superstring Unification and the Existence of Gravity -- The Universe of Modern Science and its Philosophical Exploration -- From Molecules to Life -- Meta-Neuroanatomy: The Myth of the Unbounded Main/Brain -- Emergence and Reduction in Morphogenetic Theories -- What can we know about the Universe? -- The Universe as a Scientific Object -- General Laws of Nature and The Uniqueness of the Universe -- The Anthropic Principle and its Epistemological Status in Modern Physical Cosmology -- Evolutionary Ideas and Contemporary Naturalism -- Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Mankind -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It has often been noted that a kind of double dynamics char- terizes the development of science. On the one hand the progress in every discipline appears as the consequence of an increasing specialization, implying the restriction of the inquiry to very partial fields or aspects of a given domain. On the other hand, an opposite (but one might better say a complementary) trend points towards the construction of theoretical frameworks of great ge- rality, the aim of which seems to correspond not so much to the need of providing «explanations» for the details accumulated through partial investigation, as to the desire of attaining an - rizon of global comprehension of the whole field. This intell- tual dialectics is perceivable in every discipline, from mathe- tics, to physics, to biology, to history, to economics, to sociology, and it is not difficult to recognize there the presence of the two main attitudes according to which human beings try to make «intelligible» the world surrounding them (including themselves), attitudes which are sometimes called analysis and synthesis. They correspond respectively to the spontaneous inclination which pushes us to try to understand things by seeing «how they are made», in the sense of «looking into them» and breaking them into their constitutive parts, or rather to encompass things in a global picture, where they are accounted for as occupying a place, or playing a role, which are understandable from the point of view of the whole.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400930612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 201
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Logical, Methodological and Philosophical Aspects of Probability -- Probability: A Composite Concept -- Two Faces and three Masks of Probability -- Ambiguous Uses of Probability -- Some Logical Distinctions Exploited by Differing Analyses of Pascalian Probability -- Probability and Confirmation -- Chance, Cause and the State-Space Approach -- World as System Self-synthesized by Quantum Networking -- A Brief Note on the Relationship between Probability, Selective Strategies and Possible Models -- 2: Probability, Statistics and Information -- Critical Replications for Statistical Design -- The Contribution of A.N. Kolmogorov to the Notion of Entropy -- The Probability of Singular Events -- Probability, Randomness and Information -- 3: Probability in the Natural Sciences -- Probability, Organization and Evolution in Biochemistry -- Relativity and Probability, Classical and Quantal -- Probabilistic Ontology and Space-Time: Updating an Historical Debate -- Probability and the Mystery of Quantum Mechanics -- Probability and Determinism in Quantum Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Probability has become one of the most characteristic con­ cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in­ tellectual life. However it would be difficult to determine an explicit list of 'positive' features, to be proposed as identifica­ tion marks of this way of thinking. One would rather say that it is characterized by certain 'negative' features, i. e. by certain at­ titudes which appear to be the negation of well established tra­ ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, world outlooks and the like. It is because of this opposition to tradition that the probabilistic approach is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in­ tellectual style. As an example one could mention the widespread diffidence in philosophy with respect to self -contained systems claiming to express apodictic truths, instead of which much weaker pretensions are preferred, that express 'probable' interpretations of reality, of history, of man (the hermeneutic trend). An ana­ logous example is represented by the interest devoted to the study of different patterns of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which rely not so much on the truth of the premisses and stringent formal logic links, but on a display of contextual conditions (depending on the audience, and on accepted stan­ dards, judgements, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions more 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401727662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 146
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities in the Seventeenth Century? -- Some Remarks on the Calculus of Probability in the Eighteenth Century -- Probability and the Problem of Induction -- Probabilities and Causes: On Life Tables, Causes of Death, and Etiological Diagnoses -- From the Emergence of Probability to the Erosion of Determinism -- John Venn’s Logic of Chance -- Robert Leslie Ellis and the Frequency Theory -- Reduction as a Problem: Some Remarks on the History of Statistical Mechanics from a Philosophical Point of View -- Boltzmann’s Conception of Theory Construction: The Promotion of Pluralism, Provisionalism, and Pragmatic Realism -- The Mach-Boltzmann Controversy and Maxwell’s Views on Physical Reality -- Boltzmann, Mach and Russian Physicists of the Late Nineteenth Century -- An Example of a Theory-Frame: Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another? -- A Comment on E. Agazzi, ‘What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another?’ -- Methodology and the Functional Identity of Science and Philosophy -- On Making History -- A Comment on J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Reply to J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Influences of Some Concepts of Biology on Progress in Philosophy -- Philosophy of Science, History of Science, and Science of Science -- Interrelations between History of Science and Philosophy of Science in Research in the Development of Technical Sciences -- From History of Science to Theory of Science: An Essay on V.I. Vernadsky’s Work (1863–1945) -- Utility versus Truth: At Least One Reflection on the Importance of the Philosophy of Science for the History of Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science. The Conference was organized by the Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) under the auspices of the IUHPS, the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the Domus Galilaeana of Pisa, headed by Professor Vincenzo Cappelletti. Domus Galilaeana also served as the host institution, with some help from the University of Pisa. The Conference took place in Pisa, Italy, on September 4-8, 1978. The editors of these two volumes of the Proceedings of the Pisa Conference acknowledge with gratitude the help by the different sponsoring organizations, and in the first place that by both Divisions of the IUHPS, which made the Conference possible. A special recognition is due to Professor Evandro Agazzi, President of the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, who was co­ opted as an additional member of the Organizing Committee. This committee was otherwise identical with the Joint Commission, whose members were initially John Murdoch, John North, Arpad Szab6, Robert Butts, Jaakko Hintikka, and Vadim Sadovsky. Later, Erwin Hiebert and Lubos Novy were appointed as additional members.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789400990456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 145
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Section I: The Structure of Theory Change -- The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- Logic and the Theory of Scientific Change -- What Have They Done to Kuhn? An Ideological Introduction in Chiaroscuro -- Comment on Zev Bechler’s Paper ‘What Have They Done to Kuhn?’ -- Comments on Bechler, Niiniluoto and Sadovsky -- The Sociological and the Methodological in the Study of Changes in Science -- Section II: The Early History of the Axiomatic Method -- Concerning the Ancient Greek Ideal of Theoretical Thought -- Was There an Eleatic Background to Pre-Euclidean Mathematics? -- Aristotelian Axiomatics and Geometrical Axiomatics -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: The Interaction of Mathematics and Philosophy in Greek Antiquity -- Some Remarks on the Controversy between Prof. Knorr and Prof. Szabó -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: A Reply to Some Criticisms -- Limitations of the Axiomatic Method in Ancient Greek Mathematical Sciences -- On Axiomatic and Genetic Construction of Mathematical Theories -- On the Role of Axiomatic Method in the Development of Ancient Mathematics -- Section III: The Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Galilée et la Mécanisation du Système du Monde -- Galileo and the Post-Renaissance -- Galileo and the Methods of Science -- Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Creative Work as an Object of Theoretical Understanding -- Galileo and the Emergence of a New Scientific Style -- Philosophy of Science and the Art of Historical Interpretation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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