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  • Online Resource  (6)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (6)
  • Logic.  (3)
  • Science (General)  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal Modalities in Arabic Logic (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401035231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Oriental languages.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Sources -- 3. Background -- 4. Fundamental Ideas -- 5. Basic Modal Relations -- 6. Enumeration of Modal Propositions - I: Simple Modalities -- 7. Enumeration of Modal Propositions - II: Compound Modalities -- 8. Rules for Contradictories -- 9. Conversion (i.e., Simple Conversion) -- 10. C-Conversion (Conversion by Contradiction) -- 11. Modal Syllogisms -- 12. Avicenna as the Source of al-Qazw?n? al-K?tib?’s Logic of Modality -- 13. Temporal Modalities Among the Ancient Greeks and the Latin Medievals -- 14. Conclusion -- Appendix B/A Fragment of Galen’s Lost Treatise “On Possibility” -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The aim of this monograph is to expound the conceptions of temporalized modality at issue in various Arabic logical texts. I claim to have been able to make good logical sense of doctrines of which even the later Arab logicians themselves came to despair. In the process, a substantially new area of the history of logic has come into a clear view. I am indebted to Anne Cross (Mrs. Michael) Pelon and especially Mr. Bas van Fraassen for assistance in the research. Miss Dorothy Henle merits my thanks for preparing the difficult typescript for the printer and helping to see the book through the press. Also, I am grateful to the Editors of Foun­ dations of Language for inviting inclusion of the monograph in the Supple­ mentary Series of the journal. The present work is part of a series of studies of Arabic contributions to logic supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation. It affords me much pleasure to record my sincere thanks for this assistance.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3523-1
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Studies on Gottlob Frege and Traditional Philosophy (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401731751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Logic. ; Machine theory.
    Abstract: 0. Introduction -- 1. Ontology -- 2. Semantics -- 3. The So-Called Logical Relations -- 4. The Traditional Lack of Distinction Between UF and UO -- 5. Merkmal-Eigenschaft -- 6 Function -- 7. The Idea of levels (‘Stufen’) in the Philosophical Tradition -- 8. Wertverlauf -- 9. Existence -- 10. Number -- 11. The Main Results of the Present Investigation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3175-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ludwig Wittgenstein : His Place in the Development of Semantics (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401721196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 62 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language Supplementary Series 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Logic. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: I. Everyday Language as Nomenclature in the Tractatus -- II. Language as Nomenclature from Aristotle to Leibniz’ Criticism -- III. Aristotelic and Rationalistic Survivals in Historical Linguistics -- IV. Language as Nomenclature and Wittgenstein’s Linguistic Solipsism -- V. Linguistic Solipsism in Croce and Saussure -- VI. Semantic Scepticism in Contemporary Linguistics -- VII. The Philosophical Investigations and the Rise of a New Semantics -- References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Various students of general linguistics and semantics quote and discuss Wittgenstein, among others, OGDEN and RICHARDS (1960), ULLMANN (1951, 1962), PAGLIARO (1952, 1957), WELLS (1960), REGNELL (1960) and 1 ZIFF (1960). For the most part however they quote the Tractatus and not 2 the Philosophical Investigations ; not all of them consider the most important ideas in the Tractatus but often discuss marginal points; above all they often make the discussion of Wittgenstein's ideas secondary to the development of their own thought. It should be added, moreover, that these students are exceptions. The large majority of language theorists, especially those with a philological background, have almost no know­ ledge of Wittgenstein's ideas. One scholar thinks that Wittgenstein's linguistic philosophy rests upon a grotesque misunderstanding of the workings of language (HERDAN, 1962, Chapter 24). The present book seeks to draw the attention of students of general linguistics and semantics to the thought of both the early and the later Wittgenstein: not only the Philosophical Investigations but also the Tractatus is concerned with everyday language: Wittgenstein was thinking of the propositions of everyday language, when he affirmed that the proposition is a picture of reality (Chapter 1). This conception is very old, it is in fact found in Aristotle and it dominated ancient, mediaeval and modern rationalistic thought; only Locke, Vico and Leibniz criticized it strongly (Chapter 2).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2119-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stochastic Process: Problems and Solutions (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Methuen’s Monographs on Applied Probability and Statistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Markov Chains -- 1: Definition -- 2: Transition and absolute probabilities -- 3: Determination of the higher transition probabilities -- 4: Classification of states -- 5: The limit of the higher transition probabilities -- 6: Classification of Markov chains -- 7: The limiting distributions of irreducible Markov chains -- Problems -- 8: Markov chains with continuous state space -- Problems -- 9: Stationary stochastic sequences -- Problems -- 2 Markov Processes -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Definition -- 3: Poisson process -- 4: Markov process with a finite or denumerably infinite number of states -- 5: Markov process with continuous transition -- 6: Mixed Markov processes -- Problems -- 3 Non-Markovian Processes -- 1: Recurrent processes -- 2: Stationary stochastic processes -- 3: Secondary stochastic processes generated by a stochastic process -- Problems -- 4 Solutions of Problems -- 1: Markov chains -- 2: Markov processes -- 3: Non-Markovian processes -- References.
    Abstract: It is not so very long ago that up-to-date text-books on statistics were almost non-existent. In the last few decades this deficiency has largely been remedied, but in order to cope with a broad and rapidly expanding subject many of these books have been fairly big and expensive. The success of Methuen's existing series of monographs, in physics or in biology, for example, stresses the value of short inexpensive treatments to which a student can turn for an introduc­ tion to, or a revision of, specialised topics. In this new Methuen series the still-growing importance of prob­ ability theory in its applied aspects has been recognised by coupling together Probability and Statistics; and included in the series are some of the newer applications of probability theory to stochastic models in various fields, storage and service problems, 'Monte Carlo' techniques, etc. , as well as monographs on particular statistical topics. M. S. BARTLETT ix AUTHOR'S PREFACE The theory of stochastic processes has developed in the last three decades. Its field of application is constantly expanding and at present it is being applied in nearly every branch of science. So far several books have been written on the mathematical theory of stochastic processes. The nature of this book is different because it is primarily a collection of problems and their solutions, and is intended for readers who are already familiar with probability theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6020-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiple Integrals (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 107 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Line Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about curves -- 2. Definition of a curvilinear integral -- 3. Area -- Exercises -- 2. Double Integrals -- 1. Definition of a double integral -- 2. Double integrals over a rectangle -- 3. Double integrals over normal regions -- 4. Green’s Theorem in two dimensions -- 5. Change of variables -- 6. Transformation of double integrals -- 7. Improper integrals -- 8. Volumes -- Exercises -- 3. Surface Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about surfaces -- 2. The area of surface -- 3. Surface integrals -- Exercises -- 4. Volume Integrals -- 1. Definition of a volume integral -- 2. Reduction to repeated integral -- 3. Gauss’s Theorem (divergence theorem) -- 4. Change of variables -- 5. Stokes’s Theorem -- Exercises -- Solutions to Exercises.
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to give an elementary treatment of multiple integrals. The notions of integrals extended over a curve, a plane region, a surface and a solid are introduced in tum, and methods for evaluating these integrals are presented in detail. Especial reference is made to the results required in Physics and other mathematical sciences, in which multiple integrals are an indispensable tool. A full theoretical discussion of this topic would involve deep problems of analysis and topology, which are outside the scope of this volume, and concessions had to be made in respect of completeness without, it is hoped, impairing precision and a reasonable standard of rigour. As in the author's Integral Calculus (in this series), the main existence theorems are first explained informally and then stated exactly, but not proved. Topological difficulties are circumvented by imposing some­ what stringent, though no unrealistic, restrictions on the regions of integration. Numerous examples are worked out in the text, and each chapter is followed by a set of exercises. My thanks are due to my colleague Dr. S. Swierczkowski, who read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. w. LEDERMANN The University of Sussex, Brighton.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6091-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transistor Physics (1966)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401099165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Modern Electrical Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Classical atomic, theory and interatomic binding -- 2 Quantum mechanics and band theory -- 3 Statistical mechanics -- 4 Semiconductors in thermodynamic equilibrium -- 5 Current flow in semiconductors -- 6 Semiconductors in non-equilibrium conditions -- 7 Current flow across semiconductor junctions -- 8 Minority carrier transistors -- 9 Space-charge-limited currents in semiconductors and insulators Majority carrier transistors -- Appendices -- II Common-emitter characteristics -- III The transistor as a charge controlled device. Circuit problems.
    Abstract: This book is intended as an introduction to the application of physical theory to the study of semiconductors and transistor devices. The book is based on lecture courses given by the authors to second and third year honours students in the Electronics Department of Southampton University, England. Some elementary knowledge of physics, circuit theory, and vector methods is assumed. The book deals almost exc1u­ sively with the theoretical aspects, but references are given to experi­ mental work. The first two chapters discuss c1assical atomic theory and quantum mechanical applications to electron energy levels in atoms, in particular the hydrogen atom, and in one-dimensional crystalline solids leading to the distinctions between metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Chapter 3 deals with statistical mechanics in some detail, so that the reader can appreciate the historical background leading to the Fermi­ Dirac statistics for electrons in metals and semiconductors, and in chapter 4 these statistics are applied to determine the current carrier density in various types of semiconductor. Equations for drift and diffusion currents are obtained in chapter 5, and the results applied to uiliform and graded impurity semiconductors in chapter 6. Current flow across p-n junctions is analysed in chapter 7, and the p-n-p transistor theory is developed in chapter 8. The discussion is limited to p-n-p transistors, but similar results apply for the n-p-n transistor.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9916-5
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