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  • Online Resource  (66)
  • 1975-1979  (30)
  • 1965-1969  (34)
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  • Online Resource  (66)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781349040575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 275 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Oxford Socio-Legal Studies
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Law ; Civil procedure ; Communication
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401743990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 212 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law
    Abstract: Introductory Chapters -- Belgium -- Denmark -- England -- France -- Federal Republic of Germany -- Italy -- Switzerland -- United States -- Analysis of Hypothetical Case -- Belgium -- Denmark -- England -- France -- Federal Republic of Germany -- Italy -- Switzerland -- United States -- Index to Major Topics.
    Abstract: More than a decade has passed since economist Richard N. Cooper reflected upon the trend toward increasing economic interdependence in the international community: During the past decade there has been a strong trend toward economic interdependence among the industrial countries. This growing interdependence makes the successful pursuit of national economic objectives much more difficult. Broadly speaking, increas­ ing interdependence complicates the pursuit of national objectives in three ways. First, it increases the number and magnitude of the disturbances to which each country's balance of payments is subjected, and this in turn diverts policy attention and instruments of policy to the restoration of external balance. Second, it slows down the process by which national authorities, each acting on its own, are able to reach their domestic objectives. Third, the response to greater integration can involve the community of nations in counter-acting motions which leave all countries worse off than they need be . . . J Nothing has occured in the 1970s to suggest that Cooper's assessment is inaccurate. Indeed, the process which he identified has accelerated. By the mid-1970s, if one is to mention but one example, exports accounted for twenty per cent of the combined gross national product of the Member States of the European Communities, and exports provided seven per cent of the 2 gross national product of the United States.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 440 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (I, 157 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Social legislation
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401743877
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (II, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401744027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Social legislation
    Abstract: This text was prepared as a monograph for the International Encyclopaedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations. It is based on a more detailed work which appeared in French in 1970 and in Spanish in 1977. The material was brought up to date and recast to correspond to the type of monographs con­ tained in the Encyclopaedia, which were aimed at providing concise, but reasonably detailed information and analysis of national laws and practice. Thus indications concerning the historical background, important as they may be in the present case, as well as the discussion of a number of theoretical questions, have had to be considerably reduced. However, detailed, up-to­ date information is provided on the system of international labour standards and on the substantive provisions of the most important of these international instruments. As part of the Encyclopaedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations, the present study will most probably reach those engaged in research in the field of labour law, as well as many employers' organisations and a large section of the trade union movement. However, it has been considered useful to publish the study also in book form to facilitate its use in wider circles such as university teachers and students, diplomats, politicians, international lawyers, and those engaged in daily trade union activities. Table of Contents List of Abbreviations 15 Introduction 17 CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL AND GENERAL BACKGROUND 17 § 1. Definition 17 §2. Historical development 17 §3.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401744850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law
    Abstract: I. Role and Function of Company Lawyers -- II. Functions of the Company Law Department -- III. House Counsel versus Outside Counsel? -- IV. The Situation of Company Lawyers in Various Countries -- V. Internal Organization of the Legal Department -- VI. Administration -- VII. Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: This study attempts to describe the role of the company law department within the company, its relation to company management and the employees who use the services of the company lawyers. It, furthermore, tries to explain that the legal advice is only one part of the operation of a legal department in a business enterprise. Other important aspects are the legal costs, organiza­ tional questions and coordination problems within the department as well as the relationship of the company legal department with the other departments in the enterprise and, last but not least, the relationship between house counsel and outside counsel. The increasing volume of legislation and regulations in all industrialized -countries resulted in an increase in the number of company legal departments and company lawyers. All large companies now have their own company legal department. Therefore, it seems appropriate to attempt to describe some aspects relating to this part of the legal profession, which is relatively new, and which has developed differently from country to country. The position of the company counsel and his relationship with the company and its em­ ployees, his professional background and his relationship with the Bar are important subjects which require further study.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349040001
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 234 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: St Antony’s Series
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Law ; Human rights
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401743846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 349 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Contributors -- I: General Introduction -- II: Dutch Law -- III: English Law -- IV: French Law -- V: German Law -- VI: Greek Law -- VII: Italian Law -- VIII: Luxembourg Law -- IX: Scandinavian Law -- X: Socialist Law -- XI: Civil Procedure -- XII: Private International Law -- XIII: Problems of Migrant Workers in Europe.
    Abstract: In the last few years European Family Law has undergone considerable changes. Although in the past law reform was slow, since 1969 the impetus for reform has gathered momentum. It is no exaggeration to say that the changes that have occurred in Europe in the last six or seven years have radically altered the very concept of the family in Europe. As a distinguished scholar and former editor of the Family Law volume of the International Encyclopaedia of Com­ parative Law, Professor Max Rheinstein, has put it: 'These transformations are not fully completed anywhere. They have gone farthest in the countries of highest industrialization and in those of socialist rule. But they have set in wherever industrialization has obtained a foothold. The degree of 'modernization' offamily law may indeed be used as an index of a society's degree of Westernization. 'l Yet, such is the force of traditional patterns of thought that, although we are aware of distinct changes in various legal systems, the underlying and implied assumption is that family law can still move within the traditional framework. This is not surprising for, until comparatively recently at least family law was not thought of as a suitable subject of unification. It was claimed that there is a peculiar and distinct element which derives from the mores and innermost beliefs of each people, from a sort of family Volksgeist that renders impossible the approximation or unification of family law.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401745130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Official Opening Session -- Speech by Prof. Dr. E. Krings, Chairman of the Congress -- Speech by Prof. Dr. W. Delva, Dean of the Faculty of Law, State University of Ghent -- Speech by Mr. R. van Elslande, Minister of Justice of Belgium -- Speech by Prof. Dr. M. Storme, Secretary General of the Congress -- General Reports -- Les principes fondamentaux du droit judiciaire privé -- Internationales Prozessrecht -- L’administration de la preuve en droit judiciaire -- Appellate proceedings -- Accessibility of legal procedures for the underprivileged: Legal aid and advice -- La Humanización del proceso (I) -- La Humanización del proceso (II) -- Accelerating the process of law -- ‘Small claim courts’ -- Le rôle et la compétence du juge -- Selección y nombramiento de jueces -- Tareas del Ministerio Publico en el proceso civil -- Jurists and paraprofessionals -- Summary Report on the Working Days -- Official Closing Ceremony -- Speech by Prof. Dr. M. Storme, Secretary General of the Congress -- Speech by Mr. A. Devreker, Rector of the University of Ghent -- Speech by Mr. L. Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium -- Speech by Prof. Dr. E. Krings, President of the Congress -- List of Participants -- Supporting Institutions.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401532730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 250 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (334 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Social legislation
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401744652
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 172 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Aeronautics—Law and legislation.
    Abstract: I: The Regulatory Framework of International Ratemaking -- II: Character of Iata -- III: Organization and Activities of Iata -- IV: Government Control of International Rate-Making -- V: The Making of Iata Fares and Rates -- VI: Non-Iata International Air Tariffs -- VII: The North Atlantic Battlefield -- VIII: Alternatives to the Present International Ratemaking System -- Postscriptum -- Appendices -- A. Books and Theses -- B. Articles -- C. Cases -- D. International Agreements -- E. Documents -- (i) ECAC -- (ii) IATA -- (iii) ICAO -- (iv) USA -- (v) Others.
    Abstract: Ratemaking in international air transport is a matter of vital importance for airlines, consumers and Governments. For airlines, because the level of international air fares and rates forms one of the bases of their profit-making ability. For consumers, because that level determines whether they can afford the use of international air transport. For Governments, because they, as the guardians of the interests of both the airlines and the consumers, have the task to strike a just balance between those interests. International air fares and rates are of two kinds: scheduled and non-scheduled. The International Air Transport Association (lATA), the trade association of the world's scheduled international airlines, determines, under Governmental supervision and control, uniform fares and rates for scheduled international air services. These services account for approximately seventy-five percent of total international air traffic. The remaining twenty-five percent consists of non­ scheduled, or charter international air services. International charter air fares and rates are by and large set by the free forces of the marketplace, and compete with scheduled international (lATA) air fares and rates. This book studies both scheduled and charter international air fares and rates. It examines the role of airlines, airline asso­ ciations and Governments in the international ratemaking process. Furthermore, it analyses the competitive relationship between charter and scheduled international air fares and rates.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781349021048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 195 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Policy Making
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Labor law ; Social legislation.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195140
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; History.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Inter-American Obligations on Human Rights -- III. What are Human Rights? -- IV. The IACHR: Its Origins and Organization -- V. The IACHR and the Promotion of Human Rights -- VI. The IACHR and the Protection of Human Rights -- VII. Conclusion -- Appendix: The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.
    Abstract: This book is a product of my long-standing interest in international action on human rights, an interest which I developed as a graduate student and which I have maintained as a teacher and researcher. I am indebted to Professor Vernon Van Dyke of the University of Iowa for stimulating my interest in the subject and for guiding the preparation of my Ph. D. thesis, of which this book is a greatly revised and expanded version. I should also like to express my ap­ preciation to Professor A. Glenn Mower, Jr. , of Hanover College, and to my colleague Glenn N. Schram, both of whom read the thesis and made many helpful suggestions when I began to revise it for publication. The book is im­ proved as a result of their efforts, though I alone remain responsible for any errors of fact or interpretation. Most of the research on the book was done at the Columbus Memorial Library of the OAS in Washington, D. C. , and I am grateful to the librarians there for kind and efficient assistance. The Marquette University Committee on Research provided me with a research grant for the summer of 1974 and supplementary grants in 1975 and 1976 which facilitated the completion of the manuscript: I am grateful for this assistance. I have endeavored to include all material available to me as of the end of March, 1976.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Inter-American Obligations on Human Rights -- III. What are Human Rights? -- IV. The IACHR: Its Origins and Organization -- V. The IACHR and the Promotion of Human Rights -- VI. The IACHR and the Protection of Human Rights -- VII. Conclusion -- Appendix: The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401744164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 352 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Revised Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: Actions against Member States before the Court of Justice -- Actions against Community Institutions before the Court of Justice: Administrative Jurisdiction -- The application of Community law by national courts -- Division of competences between national courts and Court of Justice -- The Law applied by the Court of Justice -- Procedure before the Court of Justice.
    Abstract: Where rights are conferred and duties imposed, where powers are exercised and obedience to rules of law required, judicial remedies are an absolute necessity. This statement was valid in 1969 when the first edition of this book appeared, it is even more so now. Though the political dynamism of the Communities has slackened, the number and effect of their legal rules is still growing. Practising lawyers need to be familiar with the possibilities for legal redress when rules of Community law are violated. But interest in the judicial remedies available in the European Communities is not confined to them alone. Many of the legal problems of the European Communities are problems which any supranational organization will encounter. Any student of international institutional law will benefit from a study of the judicial remedies available in the European Communities. Furthermore, the subject forms a fascinating branch of comparative law. Many of the solutions adopted in the European Communities can be regarded as resulting from a long development of administrative law.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (321p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Aeronautics—Law and legislation. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: I. Beginnings -- A. The Pre-Socratics -- B. The Sophists and Socrates -- C. Plato -- D. Aristotle -- II. The Profile Emerges -- A. The Stoics -- B. Cicero -- C. The Roman Jurisconsults -- D. The Special Case of Ulpian -- III. The Christian Face of the Natural Law -- A. St. Paul and the New Testament -- B. The Church Fathers -- C. St. Augustine -- D. St. Isidore of Seville -- IV. Medieval Canonists and Civilians -- A. Gratian -- B. The Medieval Civilians -- C. The Decretists -- V. Fresh Lineaments of the Natural Law -- A. Some Early Scholastic Theologians -- B. The Franciscan School — and Albert the Great -- C. Scholastic Terminology: synderesis and Conscience -- VI. Aquinas Faces the Natural Law Tradition -- A. Aquinas on synderesis -- B. Aquinas and the Definitions of the Natural Law -- C. Natural Law and the Principles of Morality -- VII. Aquinas Makes Up His Mind -- A. The Notion of Law -- B. The Eternal Law -- C. The Natural Law and Its Precepts -- D. Primary and Secondary Precepts of the Natural Law -- E. The Variability of the Natural Law -- VIII. The Breaking of the Profile and its Re-making -- A. Moderate Nominalism: Scotus -- B. Nominalist Developments: William of Ockham, Gregory of Rimini -- C. The Reformation and the Scholastic Silver Age -- IX. The False Face of the Natural Law -- A. Hugo Grotius and the ‘Impious Hypothesis’ -- B. Natural Law in the Age of Reason -- C. Another Face of Natural Law: Human Rights -- X. Natural Law: A Twentieth-Century Profile? -- A. Natural Law Emerging from Eclipse -- B. Re-shaping the Features of Thomistic Natural Law -- C. Areas of discussion -- D. A Rehabilitated Natural Law? -- Name Index.
    Abstract: It has more than once been observed that funeral orations for the natural law have always been premature. ! The implication that the concept has a continuing vitality, giving the lie to the prophets of its doom, is justification for yet another book on a subject, now as much as ever in the two and a half millenia of its history a matter of controversy. The history of the natural law has often been written -or at least the history of the concept in the Western European Greco­ 2 Roman tradition. This study does not claim to be a history, although its method is primarily historical and its subject is an idea that, more perhaps than most, has been shaped by its history. The omissions, Hobbes, Vico, Kant, Hegel for example, amply demonstrate that this is not a systematic history. On the other hand it accepts that In an orderly preparation for the study of natural law the most impor­ tant step would be to list the main modifications undergone by the notion of natural law as a result of doctrinal and historical cir­ cumstances? 1 Bergbohm, Jurisprudenz und Rechtsphilosophie, cited in a. M. Manser, Vas Natu"echt in Thomistischer Beleuchtung, p. 1; cf. A. P. d'Entreves, Natural Law, p. 13: "It was declared dead, never to rise again from its ashes. Yet natural law has survived and still calls for discussion. " 2 A.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. BeginningsA. The Pre-Socratics -- B. The Sophists and Socrates -- C. Plato -- D. Aristotle -- II. The Profile Emerges -- A. The Stoics -- B. Cicero -- C. The Roman Jurisconsults -- D. The Special Case of Ulpian -- III. The Christian Face of the Natural Law -- A. St. Paul and the New Testament -- B. The Church Fathers -- C. St. Augustine -- D. St. Isidore of Seville -- IV. Medieval Canonists and Civilians -- A. Gratian -- B. The Medieval Civilians -- C. The Decretists -- V. Fresh Lineaments of the Natural Law -- A. Some Early Scholastic Theologians -- B. The Franciscan School - and Albert the Great -- C. Scholastic Terminology: synderesis and Conscience -- VI. Aquinas Faces the Natural Law Tradition -- A. Aquinas on synderesis -- B. Aquinas and the Definitions of the Natural Law -- C. Natural Law and the Principles of Morality -- VII. Aquinas Makes Up His Mind -- A. The Notion of Law -- B. The Eternal Law -- C. The Natural Law and Its Precepts -- D. Primary and Secondary Precepts of the Natural Law -- E. The Variability of the Natural Law -- VIII. The Breaking of the Profile and its Re-making -- A. Moderate Nominalism: Scotus -- B. Nominalist Developments: William of Ockham, Gregory of Rimini -- C. The Reformation and the Scholastic Silver Age -- IX. The False Face of the Natural Law -- A. Hugo Grotius and the ‘Impious Hypothesis’ -- B. Natural Law in the Age of Reason -- C. Another Face of Natural Law: Human Rights -- X. Natural Law: A Twentieth-Century Profile? -- A. Natural Law Emerging from Eclipse -- B. Re-shaping the Features of Thomistic Natural Law -- C. Areas of discussion -- D. A Rehabilitated Natural Law? -- Name Index.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401743747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 98 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: 1t gives me great pleasure as Chairman of the Section on Business Law to write a foreword to this, the second volume in a series of books on Maritime Law. Volume I dealt with 'Arrest of Vessels' and the remain­ ing subjects tobe covered are 'Mortgages of Vessels' and 'Registration of Vessels'. The first volume has proved most successful and many lawyers have testified to its practical value. I am certain that this second volume will have an equally warm welcome. The series is the inspiration of Lennart Hagberg, the Chairman of the Section on Business Law's Committee on Maritime and Transport Law. Both he, and the contributors to the series who are all members of that Committee, are busy practising lawyers, and it is only by making sacrifices that they have been able to add this additional task to their already heavy commitments. In particular, Lennart Hagberg's task as editor has involved an enormous amount of work and I am most grateful to him and bis fellow-contributors for all that they have done. May I wish this Book and those following it every success.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401511957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (Approx. 145 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: On Sanctions -- Optimism, law and the state: a plea for the possibility of politics -- Les phénomènes d’inter-normativité -- Forms of dispute settlement in Mexico -- The problems of consistency in legal systems -- Legal consciousness as a research problem -- Access to the legal system and legal services research -- Two sociologies of law -- Comment -- Comment -- Comment -- List of authors.
    Abstract: This is the first volume in a new series of European Yearbooks in Law and Sociology. As the Editorial Board we have considerable pleasure in being able to inaugurate this series, and to do so with a collection of articles from such distinguished contributors. For a number of years the need for a regular outlet for European work in law and sociology has been appreciated, and many individuals have co-operated in laying the foundations for this series. The we are preparatory work that was done has been most valuable. Equally delighted that the series is launched with the encouragement and backing of both the Research Committee on Sociology of Law of the International Sociological Association and the Institute of Sociology of Law for Europe. Indeed the current activities of the Research Committee and the recent establishment of the Institute, together with this series of Yearbooks, permit optimism that work in this field in Europe will progress and develop as never before. Whether this will happen does depend however, quite simply, on the nature of the research and writing that follows and the quality of work accomplished.
    Description / Table of Contents: On SanctionsOptimism, law and the state: a plea for the possibility of politics -- Les phénomènes d’inter-normativité -- Forms of dispute settlement in Mexico -- The problems of consistency in legal systems -- Legal consciousness as a research problem -- Access to the legal system and legal services research -- Two sociologies of law -- Comment -- Comment -- Comment -- List of authors.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401744331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 92 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Denmark -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Ireland -- Israel -- Malta -- Netherlands -- Norway -- Singapore -- South Africa -- Sweden -- United Kingdom -- United States of America.
    Abstract: It is with great pleasure that as Chairman of the Section on Business Law of the International Bar Association I write this foreword to a series of handbooks on maritime law which have been prepared by the Committee on Maritime and Transport Law of our Section. The first of these handbooks deals with 'Arrest of Vessels', the second with 'Enforced Sales of Vessels', the third with 'Registration of Vessels' and the fourth with 'Mortgages on Vessels'. I feel sure that they will all be valuable aids to international lawyers practising in the field of maritime law. These handbooks owe their conception to Mr. Lennart Hagberg of Gothenburg, Sweden, the Chairman of the Maritime and Transport Law Committee. Both he and the contributors to the series have put an enormous amount of work into the handbooks and devoted long hours to their preparation, hours which I feel sure they have borrowed with difficulty from their heavy commitments as busy practising lawyers. I am happy to think that our Section, which was formed only six years ago, is as its first ventures in the publishing field producing at the same time both these handbooks on maritime law and another on 'Contracts of Employment', which has been prepared by our Com­ mittee on Labour Law, under the chairmanship of Mr. Willard Z. Carr. Jr. of Los Angeles, California. May they be the forerunners of many more.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. General Discussion of Traditional Terms and Governing Concepts Regarding Law of the Sea -- Internal Waters -- Territorial Sea -- Baselines -- Innocent Passage -- Contiguous Zone -- Continental Shelf -- High Seas -- III. General Discussion of the Law of Territorial Waters of Islands and Coastal Archipelagos as distinguished from the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Definitions -- An Island Adjacent to a Coast -- Artificial Structures as Islands -- Islands, Rocks, Promontories that are Part of a Coastal Configuration -- Controversies Arising Out of the Legal Treatment of Groups of Offshore Islands -- IV. A Review of the Historical and Traditional Approaches to the Application of the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid-Ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Private Scientific and Scholarly Organizations -- The Hague Codification Conference, 1930 (Conference for the Codification of International Law, League of Nations) -- Preparatory Work of the International Law Commission -- Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1958 -- Customary International Law -- Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law -- Legislative and Executive Decrees, Declarations and the Practice of States -- Publicists and Legal Writers Usually State the Problem in Traditional Terms -- Leading Law Review Articles Treat the Problem in Traditional Terms -- V. Proposed Solutions to the Problem, in General -- The Guidelines of the Archipelagic States, Dated March 14, 1973 -- The Formal Proposal of the Archipelagic States, Dated August 6, 1973 -- The United Kingdom Proposal as Representative of the Views of the General Maritime States -- The Geographers’ Proposals -- VI. On the Emerging Definition of an Archipelagic State -- The Philippines -- The Philippine Declaration -- The Philippine Declaration in Practice -- Indonesia -- The Indonesian Declaration -- The Indonesian Declaration in Practice -- An Archipelagic State Defined -- VII. A Proposed Recommendation for Determining the Territorial Waters of Archipelagos (Whether Constituting a single state or portion of a state) -- The Classic Problem of the Resolution of Conflicting Interests in the Law of the Sea: Special Interests v. General Interests -- Limitations on the Use of Precedent -- Proposed Solution -- Fishing Rights -- Appendixes -- Table of Cases.
    Abstract: It is a truism that the increasingly rapid movement in technology is forcing change and shift in the norms of international law. The 149 states of the Law of the Sea Conferences of the United Nations have been attempting to establish and develop adequate legal norms that will take into account the need for the orderly growth and use of the changing technological capabilities and the resulting economic development that cannot and should not be hindered by in­ adequate law. When such norms are identified and agreed by a substantial majority of states, they are usually set out and placed into multilateral treaties. The rules governing the resource and non-resource allocation of the oceans and the uses ofthe oceans have posed major difficulties for the development of international law for many years. The Geneva Conference of 1958 building upon the groundwork of the International Law Commission of the United Nations shaped a rough structure for a 20th Century Law of the Seas and for­ mulated the effort in four major international conventions. But a majority of the states failed to ratify or accede to the conventions. Even had they become effec­ tive as the expression of the Law of the Seas in the second half of the 20th Cen­ tury, there was one glaring area of omission: a conventional law for the waters of mid-ocean archipelagos and archipelagic states.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. General Discussion of Traditional Terms and Governing Concepts Regarding Law of the Sea -- Internal Waters -- Territorial Sea -- Baselines -- Innocent Passage -- Contiguous Zone -- Continental Shelf -- High Seas -- III. General Discussion of the Law of Territorial Waters of Islands and Coastal Archipelagos as distinguished from the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Definitions -- An Island Adjacent to a Coast -- Artificial Structures as Islands -- Islands, Rocks, Promontories that are Part of a Coastal Configuration -- Controversies Arising Out of the Legal Treatment of Groups of Offshore Islands -- IV. A Review of the Historical and Traditional Approaches to the Application of the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid-Ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Private Scientific and Scholarly Organizations -- The Hague Codification Conference, 1930 (Conference for the Codification of International Law, League of Nations) -- Preparatory Work of the International Law Commission -- Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1958 -- Customary International Law -- Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law -- Legislative and Executive Decrees, Declarations and the Practice of States -- Publicists and Legal Writers Usually State the Problem in Traditional Terms -- Leading Law Review Articles Treat the Problem in Traditional Terms -- V. Proposed Solutions to the Problem, in General -- The Guidelines of the Archipelagic States, Dated March 14, 1973 -- The Formal Proposal of the Archipelagic States, Dated August 6, 1973 -- The United Kingdom Proposal as Representative of the Views of the General Maritime States -- The Geographers’ Proposals -- VI. On the Emerging Definition of an Archipelagic State -- The Philippines -- The Philippine Declaration -- The Philippine Declaration in Practice -- Indonesia -- The Indonesian Declaration -- The Indonesian Declaration in Practice -- An Archipelagic State Defined -- VII. A Proposed Recommendation for Determining the Territorial Waters of Archipelagos (Whether Constituting a single state or portion of a state) -- The Classic Problem of the Resolution of Conflicting Interests in the Law of the Sea: Special Interests v. General Interests -- Limitations on the Use of Precedent -- Proposed Solution -- Fishing Rights -- Appendixes -- Table of Cases.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401749886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 256 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law
    Abstract: The Problems which have developed in the Legal System out of the Conflict in Northern Ireland and its Extension to the rest of the United Kingdom -- Intellectual Liberty and Totalitarianism -- The Dutch railway strikes of 1903: Some Remarks on legislation and victimization -- The Interaction of Criminal Policy and the State of Crime -- The Selfcreated Conflict: Civil disobedience in the United States and the Netherlands compared -- Criminology: Its Meaning and Contents — An Essay -- Towards a Macrosocial Conflict Model in Criminology -- Criminology and Politicization -- Personality Research and its Importance for Criminology and Criminal Law -- Sexuality and Criminal Law in Terms of Anthropological and Social Conflict -- A New Trend in Criminal Law in Finland -- The Achilles heel of the criminal justice system -- Role and Reactions of the Victim and the Policy of Diversion in Criminal Justice Administration -- Price Tag Switching -- Crime, Deviance and Law in Post-Industrial Societies: Profile of Future Trends -- Comparative Criminology and Developing Countries -- Criminality and Macrosocial Characteristics: a Report of Trial and Error -- Name index.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (253p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Anthropology. ; Criminology.
    Abstract: One: The Scope of the Brussels Convention 1924 -- 1. History of the Brussels Convention -- 2. Introduction to the Scope of the Brussels Convention -- 3. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of England -- 4. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of France: Introduction -- 5. The Liberal Approach -- 6. The Voyage Test -- 7. The Nationality Test: The Preliminary Problem -- 8. The Nationality Test -- 9. The Double Rule -- 10. Reform of Article X -- Two: Due Diligence to Make the Ship Seaworthy -- 11. The History of the Carriers Liability -- 12. The Scheme of Proof Under the Convention -- 13. Proof That the Vessel Was Defective -- 14. Due Diligence in General -- 15. Due Diligence in Practice -- 16. When Must Due Diligence Have Been Exercised? -- 17. Liability for Independent Contractors.
    Abstract: It has been estimated that four-fifths of an carriage of goods by sea are governed by the Hague Rules, properly known as the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading, signed at Brussels in 1924. The success of the Convention is wen recognised. Its importance is self-evident and such that, notwithstanding its success, it has been the subject of regular scrutiny with a view to improvement and reform. Attention has focussed on various matters, among them two central provisions which are the subject of this book. First to be considered is article X concerning the legal scope of the Convention: to which contracts for carriage under bills of lading does the Convention apply? This question has caused much trouble, was debated by the C. M. 1. for twenty years and was apparently settled by a new Conven­ tion signed at Brussels in 1968; but the solution may never come into force as the entire Convention is currently being considered by the United Nations with a view to reform of a different kind. The second part of the book examines one of the fundamental duties in the Convention. The ultimate duties of the carrier are duties of due diligence, diligence in caring for cargo and diligence in preparing his ship for sea. It is the latter duty that has been selected for detailed study.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: The Scope of the Brussels Convention 19241. History of the Brussels Convention -- 2. Introduction to the Scope of the Brussels Convention -- 3. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of England -- 4. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of France: Introduction -- 5. The Liberal Approach -- 6. The Voyage Test -- 7. The Nationality Test: The Preliminary Problem -- 8. The Nationality Test -- 9. The Double Rule -- 10. Reform of Article X -- Two: Due Diligence to Make the Ship Seaworthy -- 11. The History of the Carriers Liability -- 12. The Scheme of Proof Under the Convention -- 13. Proof That the Vessel Was Defective -- 14. Due Diligence in General -- 15. Due Diligence in Practice -- 16. When Must Due Diligence Have Been Exercised? -- 17. Liability for Independent Contractors.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401512008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 704 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: Table of contents / Table des matières -- One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought Before the European Court of Human Rights -- III. Cases Brought Before the Committee of Ministers -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments and Official Acts of Member States -- II. Decisions of Domestic Courts Referring to the European Convention on Human Rights -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme Dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme et du Comite des Ministres -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaire Portee Devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. Affaires Portees Devant le Comite des Ministres -- Troisieme Partie La Convention Dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention Devant les Parlements et Dans Les Actes Officiels des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. Decisions des Tribunaux Internes se Referant a la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.
    Abstract: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE I. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. RATIFICATIO~S 3 B. RESERVES ET DECLARATIONS2 3 France 3 Suisse 7 C. DECLARATIONS D' ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COMMIS­ SION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME E~ MATIERE DE RE- QUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) II Pays-Bas II Suisse II Royaume-Uni 13 D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATO IRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) 17 France 17 Islande 19 Pays-Bas 19 Suisse 19 Royaume-Uni 21 E. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) 25 Turquie 25 F. AMENDEME~TS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 31 G. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 35 ANNEXES - Etat des ratifications, declarations et reserves au 31 decembre 1974 74 - Etat des depots des ratifications au 31 decembre 1974 76 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 94 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 94 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 8 9 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 8 9 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EVENTS 102 B. WORK OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS 106 I. Consultative Assembly 106 2.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of contents / Table des matièresOne Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought Before the European Court of Human Rights -- III. Cases Brought Before the Committee of Ministers -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments and Official Acts of Member States -- II. Decisions of Domestic Courts Referring to the European Convention on Human Rights -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme Dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme et du Comite des Ministres -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaire Portee Devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. Affaires Portees Devant le Comite des Ministres -- Troisieme Partie La Convention Dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention Devant les Parlements et Dans Les Actes Officiels des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. Decisions des Tribunaux Internes se Referant a la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401511971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Annuaire Europeen / European Yearbook 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matieres / Table of Contents -- Articles: Liste Recapitulative des Articles Publies dans les Volumes I a XX / Articles: Cumulative List of Articles Published in Volumes I to XX -- European Political Cooperation -- Les Perspectives Energetiques a Moyen et a Long Termes -- New Features of the Inflationary Process -- LA Charte Sociale Europeenne: Dix Annees D’Application -- The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation: Eurocontrol -- Section Documentaire Tableau De Membres des Organisations Europeennes / Documentary Section Members of European Organisations, 1974 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- Chapitre II. Union Economique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques / Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Chapitre V. Le Conseil de L’Europe / The Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’Etat-Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Les Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- Chapitre VIII. Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique / Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- Chapitre IX. Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre X. Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire / European Organisation for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XI. Commission Europeenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XII. Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et Telecommunications / European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- Chapitre XIII. Association Europeenne de Libre Echange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XIV. Les Organisations Spatiales Europeennes / European Space Organisations -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Europeenne pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne / European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / Books on European Cooperation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / European Cooperation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / Economic Cooperation -- C. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des Matieres / Table of ContentsArticles: Liste Recapitulative des Articles Publies dans les Volumes I a XX / Articles: Cumulative List of Articles Published in Volumes I to XX -- European Political Cooperation -- Les Perspectives Energetiques a Moyen et a Long Termes -- New Features of the Inflationary Process -- LA Charte Sociale Europeenne: Dix Annees D’Application -- The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation: Eurocontrol -- Section Documentaire Tableau De Membres des Organisations Europeennes / Documentary Section Members of European Organisations, 1974 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- Chapitre II. Union Economique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques / Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Chapitre V. Le Conseil de L’Europe / The Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’Etat-Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Les Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- Chapitre VIII. Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique / Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- Chapitre IX. Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre X. Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire / European Organisation for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XI. Commission Europeenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XII. Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et Telecommunications / European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- Chapitre XIII. Association Europeenne de Libre Echange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XIV. Les Organisations Spatiales Europeennes / European Space Organisations -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Europeenne pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne / European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / Books on European Cooperation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / European Cooperation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / Economic Cooperation -- C. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical index.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ann Arbor, Michigan : University of Michigan Press
    ISBN: 9780472127986 , 0472127985 , 9780472901944 , 047290194X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 131 pages)
    Series Statement: Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia no. 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engel, David Law and Kingship in Thailand During the Reign of King Chulalongkorn
    Keywords: Chulalongkorn ; Chulalongkorn ; Law History ; Law ; Politics and government ; HISTORY / General ; Criticism, interpretation, etc ; Thailand Politics and government ; Thailand ; Electronic books
    Note: An earlier draft served as the author's master's thesis at the University of Michigan , Bibliography: pages 127-131
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789024718016 , 900428706X , 9024718015 , 9789004287068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 304 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 75
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Print version Moyer, David S Logic of the laws
    Keywords: Malay language ; Law Language ; Law ; Malay language ; Law ; Law ; Law ; Language ; Malay language ; Rechtssystem ; Strukturanalyse ; Indonesia ; Bengkulu (Province) ; Sumatra ; Law ; Electronic books ; Hochschulschrift
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-295) and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781489960924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 300 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Anthropology ; International law.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Aeronautics—Law and legislation.
    Abstract: I Introduction, Purpose and Scope -- I Outer Space Treaty -- II Space Law Before the Space Treaty -- III Definition of Outer Space -- IV Outer Space is the Province of Mankind -- V Jurisdiction over Outer Space -- VI Arms Control and the Space Treaty -- VII Verification Provision -- VIII Treaty Provisions on Safety, Tracking Facilities and Exchange of Information -- IX Final Clauses -- II Assistance and Return Agreement -- X Assistance and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- III Liability for Damages and the Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XI Liability for Damages and Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XII Examples of the “Utilization” of Outer Space (Space Applications) -- XIII Trends in International Co-operation -- XIV Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- A. Treaty Governing the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies -- B. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- D. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- G. Convention on Registration of objects launched into outer space -- H. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water. Signed in Moscow, on 5 August 1963 -- I. Draft Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Title, Preamble and Thirteen Articles, as approved by the Legal Sub-Committee at its Ninth Session. 1970) -- J. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof -- K. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, including the final text of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by space objects -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Space exploration is a development which began with the launching of the first artificial satellite in 1957. Since then an incredible progress has been made, leading to the landing of man on the moon. A quick look at the number of launchings which have been registered with the United Nations will show the influence of space science and technology on human endeavours. For example, satellites can be used for com­ munication, weather forecasting, education, and remote sensing of the resources of the Earth. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is the focal point of international co-operation in space activities. The Committee regulates these activities through its Legal Sub-Committee. The setting up of the Committee was preceded by an Ad Hoc Committee which was established on 31 December 1958. The initial difficulty which confronted the Ad Hoc Committee was the issue of its member­ ship. The USSR, Czechoslovakia and Poland decided not to participate in its work because they were dissatisfied with the composition of the Ad Hoc Committee. Later, both the UAR and India also decided not to participate in its work. Although the Ad Hoc Committee succeeded in producing a report in 1959 (UN document A/4141), the progress of work of the Main Committee was in limbo for a while. It was not until 1961 that the disagreements were resolved. The Committee conducts its business without voting -the Chairman simply states the consensus of views which have been expressed.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction, Purpose and ScopeI Outer Space Treaty -- II Space Law Before the Space Treaty -- III Definition of Outer Space -- IV Outer Space is the Province of Mankind -- V Jurisdiction over Outer Space -- VI Arms Control and the Space Treaty -- VII Verification Provision -- VIII Treaty Provisions on Safety, Tracking Facilities and Exchange of Information -- IX Final Clauses -- II Assistance and Return Agreement -- X Assistance and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- III Liability for Damages and the Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XI Liability for Damages and Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XII Examples of the “Utilization” of Outer Space (Space Applications) -- XIII Trends in International Co-operation -- XIV Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- A. Treaty Governing the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies -- B. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- D. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- G. Convention on Registration of objects launched into outer space -- H. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water. Signed in Moscow, on 5 August 1963 -- I. Draft Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Title, Preamble and Thirteen Articles, as approved by the Legal Sub-Committee at its Ninth Session. 1970) -- J. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof -- K. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, including the final text of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by space objects -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401512039
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: Table of contents / Table des matières -- One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought before the Court -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention In The Parliaments Of The Member States -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’Europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaires Portees devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Troisieme Partie La Convention dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention devant les Parlements des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. La Convention devant les Juridictions Internes des Etats Contractants -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.
    Abstract: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE I. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 B. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 C. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) Autriche 9 Belgique II Italle II D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) Autriche 13 Belgique 13 Italie 15 E. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES ET DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME VISEES A L' AR­ TICLE 6, PARAGRAPHE 2 DU PROTOCOLE NO 4 A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE Autriche 15 F. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) Turquie 17 ANNEXES Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 dec- bre 1973 32 Etat des Depots des Ratifications au 31 decembre 1973 35 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 54 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 54 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 58 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 58 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of contents / Table des matièresOne Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought before the Court -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention In The Parliaments Of The Member States -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’Europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaires Portees devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Troisieme Partie La Convention dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention devant les Parlements des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. La Convention devant les Juridictions Internes des Etats Contractants -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401761314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 268 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second, enlarged edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Political science.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: One: Historical Background -- One: Pre-Islamic Arabia -- Two: Evolvement of Muslim International Law -- Two: Muslim Legal Legacy -- One: Nature and Genesis of International Law -- Two: Sources and Methods of Interpretation of Muslim International Law -- Three: Subjects and Domain of Muslim International Law -- Three: The Muslim Conception of International Law -- One: Muslim Classical Conception of International Law -- Two: The Classical Doctrine Considered -- Three: Towards a Conventional Interpretation -- Epilogue -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: The traditional doctrine of Islamic law in regard to international re­ lations is well known. The Shari'a includes many excellent provisions about declarations of war, treaties of peace, armistices, diplomatic envoys, negotiations and guarantees of safe conduct. But the fact remains that it divides the world, broadly speaking, into the "Abode of Islam" and the "Abode of 'War," and that it envisages the continu­ ance of intermittent war between them until the latter is absorbed in the former. In the course of such fighting, and in the intervals in be­ tween, many civilities were to be meticulously observed; but prisoners of war could be killed, sold or enslaved at the discretion of the Muslim authorities, and the women of those who resisted the advance of Islam could be taken as slave-concubines, regardless of whether they were single or married. The "Abode of Islam" did not, indeed, consist ex­ clusively of Muslims, for those whose religion was based on a book accepted by Islam as originally inspired and in practice, indeed, those other religions too - were not forced to embrace Islam but only to accept Muslim rule. They were granted the status of dhimmis, were protected in their persons and their property, were allowed to follow their own religion in an unobtrusive fashion, and were accorded the position of essentially second-class citizens. They were also of course, perfectly free to embrace Islam; but for a Muslim to be converted to another faith involved the death penalty.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Historical BackgroundOne: Pre-Islamic Arabia -- Two: Evolvement of Muslim International Law -- Two: Muslim Legal Legacy -- One: Nature and Genesis of International Law -- Two: Sources and Methods of Interpretation of Muslim International Law -- Three: Subjects and Domain of Muslim International Law -- Three: The Muslim Conception of International Law -- One: Muslim Classical Conception of International Law -- Two: The Classical Doctrine Considered -- Three: Towards a Conventional Interpretation -- Epilogue -- Epilogue.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401556026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 365 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table Des MatiÈres -- Transformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le status juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano” -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungsabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table Des MatiÈresTransformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le status juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano” -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungsabkommen vom 13. Dezember 1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401762670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 227 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Political science.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789401034463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (824p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights / Annuaire de la Convention Europeenne des Droits de L’Homme 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: I Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- II Decisions of the European Commission and the European Court of Human Rights -- I. Cases Before the Commission -- II. Case Struck off the List After Being Declared Admissible -- III. Case Having Resulted in a Friendly Settlement -- IV. Cases Brought Before the Court -- III The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments of the Member states -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Appendix Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Basic Texts and General InformationI. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- II Decisions of the European Commission and the European Court of Human Rights -- I. Cases Before the Commission -- II. Case Struck off the List After Being Declared Admissible -- III. Case Having Resulted in a Friendly Settlement -- IV. Cases Brought Before the Court -- III The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments of the Member states -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Appendix Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401762168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLI, 288 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil Law ; Civil procedure.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192675
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Sociology. ; Social sciences. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I: The Precedents for United Nations Military Operations -- 1. The UN Action in Korea -- 2. United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation in Palestine (UNTSO) -- 3. United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) -- 4. United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East (UNEF) -- 5. Conclusions -- II: The Historical Background to the Congo Situation -- 1. Historical background of Belgian administration -- 2. Events leading to independence -- 3. Independence and the breakdown of public order -- III: The Factual Context within Which the Basic Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly were Made -- 1. The First Phase: 12 July 1960–31 December 1960 -- 2. The Second Phase: 1 January 1961–31 January 1963 -- IV: Constitutional Basis and Effect of the Resolutions Made -- 1. Action by the Security Council — Creation of ONUC -- 2. The Resolutions of the General Assembly -- 3. The role of the Secretary-General under the Charter generally and the specific resolutions -- V: The Functions of ONUC -- 1. To assist the Congolese Government in the restoration and maintenance of law and order -- 2. To assist the Government in restoring and maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Republic of the Congo -- 3. To prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo -- 4. To secure the withdrawal and evacuation from the Congo of all foreign military, para-military and advisory personnel, not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries -- VI: The Principles Applied by the Secretary-General to the Operations of the Force -- 1. The Principle of Non-Intervention -- 2. The Principle of Self-Defence -- 3. The Right to Freedom of movement -- VII: Operational Problems Connected with the UN Force -- 1. Methods of raising the Force -- 2. Relations between UN and Contributing States -- 3. Command Structure -- 4. Strategic and political control -- 5. Applicability of the Laws of War -- VIII: Relations between the UN and the “Host” State -- 1. Exclusiveness of UN authority over the Force -- 2. Status of Forces Agreements -- 3. Relations between the UN and Provincial Authorities -- IX: Relations between the UN and Member States Generally -- 1. Expulsion of foreign military, para-military personnel, political advisers and mercenaries -- 2. Unilateral assistance outside UN -- 3. Use of territories -- 4. Economic “Sanctions” -- X: Claims and Responsibility -- 1. Civil Claims -- 2. Criminal Responsibility -- XI: Civilian Relief Operations -- XII: Financing -- 1. The Budget Procedure -- 2. Apportionment of Expenses generally -- 3. Sources of Funds -- 4. Practice followed in relation to ONUC -- 5. Default of payment and the problem of arrears -- 6. Submission of the Finance Question to the I.C.J. -- 7. The Court’s Opinion on the Finance Question -- 8. The question of Suspension -- 9. New Sources of Funds -- XIII: Conclusions -- I. A “Basic Agreement” between the United Nations and the Congolese Government on the Operation of the Force -- II. Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of the Congo Relating to the Legal Status, Facilities, Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Organization in the Congo -- III. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.
    Abstract: Few episodes in recent history have aroused as much controversy as the United Nations military operations in the Congo. This controversy has no simple, straight-forward, and uniform explanation. Part of the explanation is to be found in the successes and failure of the operation itself; part in its labyrinthine international ramifications. But the most important explanation lies in its significance as a precedent. The ability of the Organization to take "collective measures" to maintain law and order within the territory of a Member State, albeit as a means of preserving international peace, was demonstrated, challenged and criticized. So much has been reported of the details and so varied has been the commentary that only the most intrepid spirit would venture something more with which to detain interested parties. The present study does not pretend to uncover new data so as to complete or correct the his­ torical record; it attempts, rather, to reflect on what has already been brought out and, against that background of factual knowledge, to indi­ cate and examine the legal problems involved. In so doing, it has been necessary to be ruthless in deciding what are central issues and in re­ jecting what is often interesting but probably peripheral.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The Precedents for United Nations Military Operations1. The UN Action in Korea -- 2. United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation in Palestine (UNTSO) -- 3. United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) -- 4. United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East (UNEF) -- 5. Conclusions -- II: The Historical Background to the Congo Situation -- 1. Historical background of Belgian administration -- 2. Events leading to independence -- 3. Independence and the breakdown of public order -- III: The Factual Context within Which the Basic Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly were Made -- 1. The First Phase: 12 July 1960-31 December 1960 -- 2. The Second Phase: 1 January 1961-31 January 1963 -- IV: Constitutional Basis and Effect of the Resolutions Made -- 1. Action by the Security Council - Creation of ONUC -- 2. The Resolutions of the General Assembly -- 3. The role of the Secretary-General under the Charter generally and the specific resolutions -- V: The Functions of ONUC -- 1. To assist the Congolese Government in the restoration and maintenance of law and order -- 2. To assist the Government in restoring and maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Republic of the Congo -- 3. To prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo -- 4. To secure the withdrawal and evacuation from the Congo of all foreign military, para-military and advisory personnel, not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries -- VI: The Principles Applied by the Secretary-General to the Operations of the Force -- 1. The Principle of Non-Intervention -- 2. The Principle of Self-Defence -- 3. The Right to Freedom of movement -- VII: Operational Problems Connected with the UN Force -- 1. Methods of raising the Force -- 2. Relations between UN and Contributing States -- 3. Command Structure -- 4. Strategic and political control -- 5. Applicability of the Laws of War -- VIII: Relations between the UN and the “Host” State -- 1. Exclusiveness of UN authority over the Force -- 2. Status of Forces Agreements -- 3. Relations between the UN and Provincial Authorities -- IX: Relations between the UN and Member States Generally -- 1. Expulsion of foreign military, para-military personnel, political advisers and mercenaries -- 2. Unilateral assistance outside UN -- 3. Use of territories -- 4. Economic “Sanctions” -- X: Claims and Responsibility -- 1. Civil Claims -- 2. Criminal Responsibility -- XI: Civilian Relief Operations -- XII: Financing -- 1. The Budget Procedure -- 2. Apportionment of Expenses generally -- 3. Sources of Funds -- 4. Practice followed in relation to ONUC -- 5. Default of payment and the problem of arrears -- 6. Submission of the Finance Question to the I.C.J. -- 7. The Court’s Opinion on the Finance Question -- 8. The question of Suspension -- 9. New Sources of Funds -- XIII: Conclusions -- I. A “Basic Agreement” between the United Nations and the Congolese Government on the Operation of the Force -- II. Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of the Congo Relating to the Legal Status, Facilities, Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Organization in the Congo -- III. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401534864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Transformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le statut juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano“ -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungabkommen vom 13. Dezember1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des MatièresTransformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international -- Remarques sur l’interdiction d’intervention -- Les problèmes de la subjectivité internationale -- Le statut juridique des partisans et des mouvements de résistance armée: évolution historique et aspects actuels -- Die Vereinigten Nationen und das Kriegsrecht -- International Freedom of Information. New Dimensions -- Observations sur une enquête internationale: L’affaire du „Tavignano“ -- La souveraineté dans l’histoire du droit des gens. De Vitoria à Vattel -- Norwegian Attitude to International and Foreign Judgments. Recent Developments -- The Evolution of Space Law Continues -- Contribution à l’étude des rapports entre le droit international public et le droit international privé -- Betrachtungen zum Europäischen Niederlassungabkommen vom 13. Dezember1955 -- Le rôle de la condition des mains propres de la personne lésée dans les réclamations devant les tribunaux internationaux -- Unverbindliche Abmachungen im zwischenstaatlichen Bereich -- La non-reconnaissance des actes contraires au droit -- La motivation et la révision des sentences arbitrales à la Conférence de la paix de la Haye (1899) et le conflit frontalier entre le Royaume-Uni et le Vénézuéla -- The Problem of the Application of Military Measures by the General Assembly of the United Nations -- Politique et droit dans les Balkans. Etude d’histoire de la diplomatie et du droit international -- The Special Function of the Principle of Restrictive Interpretation -- La règle juridique, le droit subjectif et le sujet de droit en droit international. Essai d’une nouvelle théorie -- Der Primat des Völkerrechts und die Vereinten Nationen -- Bibliographie des travaux scientifiques de Juraj Andrassy.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9781489964779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 1147 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Political science.
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401534925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: Some general features of Soviet private international law. Legal sources -- General Part -- I. Soviet criticism of Western public policy -- II. Soviet legal writers on their own system -- III. General remarks on the current doctrines of public policy and the approach to be followed -- Special Part -- I. Soviet legislative public policy -- II. Soviet judicial public policy -- Summary and Final Remarks -- Samenvatting -- List of Laws and Legal Digests -- List of Cases.
    Abstract: This study is based on original Russian sources, due atten­ tion being paid to some authoritative views advanced by foreign lawyers. Leaving aside the essentials of the work in the hope that they will speak for themselves; I should like to make some prelim­ inary remarks regarding the linguistic and other formal aspects. First of all it should be noted that many of the Soviet laws have already been translated into English either in the USSR itself or in Western countries. This fact is fully reflected in the bibliographical survey at the end of this study. Some laws have been translated both in the Soviet Union and abroad, as for instance the Fundamentals of Soviet Civil Legislation. In such a case I have used the translation made in the USSR even though linguistically it may be inferior to the translation made in the West. The author has translated only those legal provi­ sions of which no English translation was available. For transliteration, I have used the system of the Library of Congress of the USA without its diacritical marks. Further, a word should be said about the references in the notes. They are very brief and consist of the surnames of the authors concerned and if necessary an additional element, e. g.
    Description / Table of Contents: Some general features of Soviet private international law. Legal sourcesGeneral Part -- I. Soviet criticism of Western public policy -- II. Soviet legal writers on their own system -- III. General remarks on the current doctrines of public policy and the approach to be followed -- Special Part -- I. Soviet legislative public policy -- II. Soviet judicial public policy -- Summary and Final Remarks -- Samenvatting -- List of Laws and Legal Digests -- List of Cases.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401192101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Commercial law.
    Abstract: I: International Custom: its Statics and Dynamics -- Some Traditional Criteria of the Growth of International Custom -- The Law of the Continental Shelf in Theory -- II: The Continental Shelf, its Utilization and Control -- The Continental Shelf and its Riches -- National Shelf Policies -- Industrial Involvement on the Shelf -- The Shelf and the State -- Political and Industrial Limits of the Shelf -- III: Political and Legal Problems of the Continental Shelf: an Outline -- Political and Legal Aspects of the Doctrine: 1945 -- Conceptual Enlargement of the Shelf Doctrine: 1945–1958 -- The 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea -- IV: Bilateral Perspectives of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf -- American and British Shelf Practice in the 1940’s -- Coastal Right of Exclusive Control in Bilateral Perspectives -- Shelf Utilization and Responsibility of States: From Bilateral to Multilateral Perspectives -- Provisional Conclusions -- V: The Continental Shelf and International Custom: Assessment and Conclusions -- The Continental Shelf Regime -- International Custom: Aspects of Growth -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: One of the reasons for the speed with which international law has been changing in recent years has been the acceleration in the development of technology. New technological capabilities create opportunities for new kinds of economic activities which in turn require new legal norms to regulate them. Many such norms are formulated by express agreement and embodied in multilateral treaties. Much of contemporary air and space law is being developed by this method. For various reasons, however, the treaty­ making process is not always adequate for the development of new law, at least in its initial stages. Express agreement of a substantial majority of states on norms formulated with some precision requires much time and effort. Eighteen years have passed, for example, since the United Nations International Law Commission began its work on the law of the sea which led to the formulation of four conventions at the Geneva Conference of 1958 on this subject. Ten years after this Conference, none of the four conventions has been ratified or acceded to by a majority of the states of the world. It is not surprising, therefore, that in some fie1ds new law first emerges as a set of customary norms of varying degrees of c1arity and general accep­ tance. But the nature of the process of development and change of customary norms has remained inadequately understood and explained in the theory of intemationallaw. Some eminent jurists have called it "a mystery.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: International Custom: its Statics and DynamicsSome Traditional Criteria of the Growth of International Custom -- The Law of the Continental Shelf in Theory -- II: The Continental Shelf, its Utilization and Control -- The Continental Shelf and its Riches -- National Shelf Policies -- Industrial Involvement on the Shelf -- The Shelf and the State -- Political and Industrial Limits of the Shelf -- III: Political and Legal Problems of the Continental Shelf: an Outline -- Political and Legal Aspects of the Doctrine: 1945 -- Conceptual Enlargement of the Shelf Doctrine: 1945-1958 -- The 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea -- IV: Bilateral Perspectives of the Legal Regime of the Continental Shelf -- American and British Shelf Practice in the 1940’s -- Coastal Right of Exclusive Control in Bilateral Perspectives -- Shelf Utilization and Responsibility of States: From Bilateral to Multilateral Perspectives -- Provisional Conclusions -- V: The Continental Shelf and International Custom: Assessment and Conclusions -- The Continental Shelf Regime -- International Custom: Aspects of Growth -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509190
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law. ; History. ; Taxation—Law and legislation.
    Abstract: I. Ignorance, Formation, and Operation -- Ignorance and Judgment -- Formation of Judgment -- Operation of Judgment -- II. The Limitations of Judgment -- Exaltation and Alteration -- God and Institutions -- The Emotional Nature of Man -- Deficiency: A Practical Guide -- III. Judgment and Being -- Self-Identification -- The Role of Appraisal -- The Problem of Essence and Self-Awareness -- The Nature of Movement and Personality -- The Function of Experience -- The Relationship of Judgment and Life -- IV. The Relationship of Judgment to the Other Faculties -- Entendement -- Sens -- Raison and Discours -- Conscience -- Conclusion.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Ignorance, Formation, and OperationIgnorance and Judgment -- Formation of Judgment -- Operation of Judgment -- II. The Limitations of Judgment -- Exaltation and Alteration -- God and Institutions -- The Emotional Nature of Man -- Deficiency: A Practical Guide -- III. Judgment and Being -- Self-Identification -- The Role of Appraisal -- The Problem of Essence and Self-Awareness -- The Nature of Movement and Personality -- The Function of Experience -- The Relationship of Judgment and Life -- IV. The Relationship of Judgment to the Other Faculties -- Entendement -- Sens -- Raison and Discours -- Conscience -- Conclusion.
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401771023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 667 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401190626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: I: Equality of Treatment, Trade Discrimination and International Law -- I: Introduction -- II: Trade Discrimination and International Law -- II: Most-Favoured-Nation Clause vs. Discrimination in Gatt -- III. Background to M. N. F. Clause in Gatt -- IV: Equality of Treatment vs. Discrimination in Gatt: Article I(I) -- V: Exceptions to M. F. N. Clause in Article I (I) and Discrimination -- VI: Exceptions in Favour of Frontier Traffic, Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas and Discrimination -- VII: Equality of Ttreatment vs. Discrimination in Other Articles of GATT -- VIII: Quantitative Restrictions and Non-Discrimination -- IX: Remedies and Organisational Structure -- X: Conclusions.
    Abstract: Doctor Hyder's meticulous and comprehensive study throws much­ needed light on the often invoked but little understood concept of "discrimination" in international law. It is also of great practical value to those who are concerned with the law of international trade. "Discrimination" is a word with bad connotations. It suggests un­ fairness, prejudice and favouritism. It seems to point to adeparture from the ideal of equal opportunities, equal rewards and even-handed legal protection of all human beings without regard to differences of race, religion, ethnic origin or sex. Similarly, in public international law "discrimination" suggests violation of the principle of equality of states. Yet there are vast areas of international relations in whieh states are regarded as being legally free, except as specially provided in treaties, to make distinctions between other states or their nationals. The principle of equality of states merely means that the many rules constituting what is often called "general (or universal) international law" apply equally to all independent states. Hence, by definition, such states have equal rights and duties under general international law. But the latter leaves vast areas of transnational activity to be regulated by states at their discretion either unilaterally or by special agreement with other states. No state has, in fact, exactly the same totality of rights and duties as other states, since no two states are parties to exactly the same treaties. By treaty, astate often grants to another state a right which it may withhold from third states.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Equality of Treatment, Trade Discrimination and International LawI: Introduction -- II: Trade Discrimination and International Law -- II: Most-Favoured-Nation Clause vs. Discrimination in Gatt -- III. Background to M. N. F. Clause in Gatt -- IV: Equality of Treatment vs. Discrimination in Gatt: Article I(I) -- V: Exceptions to M. F. N. Clause in Article I (I) and Discrimination -- VI: Exceptions in Favour of Frontier Traffic, Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas and Discrimination -- VII: Equality of Ttreatment vs. Discrimination in Other Articles of GATT -- VIII: Quantitative Restrictions and Non-Discrimination -- IX: Remedies and Organisational Structure -- X: Conclusions.
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Sociology of Law in Scandinavia -- Sociology of Law in The Netherlands -- The Sociology of Law in Japan -- Law and Sociological Studies in U.S.S.R. -- Studies in the Sociology of Law in Hungary -- The Sociology of Law in the Development of Sociology in Jugoslavia -- The Sociology of Law in Poland -- The Sociology of Law in Spain, Portugal and Latin America -- The Sociology of Law in America -- Legal Sociology in France -- The Sociology of Law in Italy -- The Sociology of Law in the Federal Republic of Germany Current Position and Trends -- Conclusion -- List of Authors.
    Abstract: The present volume has been planned and prepared in meetings of the Research Committee for the Sociology of Law of the International Sociological Association at the initiative of its chairman, Renato Treves, who also took upon himself editorial responsibility. The first edition of the volume appeared in Italian under the title La socioZogia deZ diritto. ProbZemi e ricerche. It was published in Milano, August I966. The present English edition has the same contents as the Italian volume with the addition of a concluding chapter by J an Glastra van Loon. This publication was undertaken with the purpose of presenting a survey of recent trends in sociology of law in various countries of the world. We hope that the growing interest in the discipline, as evidenced by the large number of publications issued since the Italian edition of this volume, * may be considered as justification for this undertaking. J. v. L. R. T. * We should like to refer to the Law and Society Review published in the United States, to the issue of Acta Sociologica, September 1966, devoted to sociology of law, and finally to the many papers submitted to and discussed at the meetings of the Research Committee for the Sociology of Law during the VIth World Congress of Sociology at Evian. INTRODUCTION by RENATO TREVES I. The sociology 0/ law in its traditional sense and in its more recent developments. Origin and obfects 0/ this work.
    Description / Table of Contents: Sociology of Law in ScandinaviaSociology of Law in The Netherlands -- The Sociology of Law in Japan -- Law and Sociological Studies in U.S.S.R. -- Studies in the Sociology of Law in Hungary -- The Sociology of Law in the Development of Sociology in Jugoslavia -- The Sociology of Law in Poland -- The Sociology of Law in Spain, Portugal and Latin America -- The Sociology of Law in America -- Legal Sociology in France -- The Sociology of Law in Italy -- The Sociology of Law in the Federal Republic of Germany Current Position and Trends -- Conclusion -- List of Authors.
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (395p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law. ; Economic geography.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Outline -- 2. Ships -- 3. Nationality -- II: The Meaning of Allocation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The term jurisdiction -- 3. Which international person may have the power to prescribe rules of conduct, to threaten sanctions, and to enforce sanctions with regard to the ship-users? -- 4. The right to prescribe rules for ship-users -- 5. The right to enforce sanctions against ship-users -- 6. The right of protection -- 7. The duties of the flag state -- III: Acquisition of Allocation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. The relation between immatriculation, “nationality”, “registration”, “documentation” and “flag” -- 4. The cognoscible decision to immatriculate -- 5. Multiple allocation -- 6. Fraud -- 7. Evidence of allocation -- IV: Sufficient Authority -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of the third sentence of article 5 -- 3. Exclusive authority -- 4. The purpose of the “genuine link” -- 5. “Genuine link” — the expression and its concretion -- 6. Means — government agencies outside the flag state -- 7. Means — government agencies within the flag state -- 8. A complete and a partial irrelevance -- 9. The “genuine link” a condition and a precept -- 10. Some conclusions with respect to the application of the “genuine link” rule -- V: Three Particular Questions -- 1. Loss and change of allocation -- 2. Statelessness -- 3. International Organizations -- VI: Summary -- Cases Mentioned in the Text -- General Index.
    Abstract: It gives me great pleasure to introduce this work by Dr. H. Meyers. The problem of "The Nationality of Ships" has long been one of the most difficult problems in the international law of the sea. It has been made more acute recently by the growth of "flags of convenience". Legally, the problem has been complicated or simplified-according to one's point of view-by the emergence of the concept of the "genuine link" associated with the Judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Nottebohm case (second phase) in 1955. Other develop­ ments have included the thorough preparatory work of the Internation­ al Law Commission leading up to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, held in Geneva in 1958; the debates at that Con­ ference and particularly its adoption of the Convention on the High Seas; and finally the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in the case concerning the Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation in 1960. All these developments have thrown light on the problem ofthe allocation of ships to one or other of the politically organised territorial communities (or States) of which the present international society is largely composed. But an agreed solution acceptable to all the interests concerned seems as far away as ever. The question of ships operated by international institutions such as the United Nations is another problem which awaits a satisfactory answer.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Introduction1. Outline -- 2. Ships -- 3. Nationality -- II: The Meaning of Allocation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The term jurisdiction -- 3. Which international person may have the power to prescribe rules of conduct, to threaten sanctions, and to enforce sanctions with regard to the ship-users? -- 4. The right to prescribe rules for ship-users -- 5. The right to enforce sanctions against ship-users -- 6. The right of protection -- 7. The duties of the flag state -- III: Acquisition of Allocation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. The relation between immatriculation, “nationality”, “registration”, “documentation” and “flag” -- 4. The cognoscible decision to immatriculate -- 5. Multiple allocation -- 6. Fraud -- 7. Evidence of allocation -- IV: Sufficient Authority -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of the third sentence of article 5 -- 3. Exclusive authority -- 4. The purpose of the “genuine link” -- 5. “Genuine link” - the expression and its concretion -- 6. Means - government agencies outside the flag state -- 7. Means - government agencies within the flag state -- 8. A complete and a partial irrelevance -- 9. The “genuine link” a condition and a precept -- 10. Some conclusions with respect to the application of the “genuine link” rule -- V: Three Particular Questions -- 1. Loss and change of allocation -- 2. Statelessness -- 3. International Organizations -- VI: Summary -- Cases Mentioned in the Text -- General Index.
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  • 47
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401762755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLI, 708 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil Law ; Civil procedure.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401759007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 198 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Collection Scientifique de la Faculté de Droit de l’Université de Liège
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
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  • 49
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Fundamental Law -- III. The Establishment of the Commonwealth, 1648-1653 -- IV. Agitation for Law Reform, 1649-1653 -- V. Barebone’s Parliament -- VI. The Protectorate -- VII The Last Years of The Protectorate -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: Throughout this essay all dates are given in New Style. When pamphlets were originally dated Old Style, the new date has been substituted. In all quotations the original seventeenth-century spelling has been retained. A "sic" is placed in the quotation only where it appears to be certain that there has been a misprint in the original. I want to express my sincere gratitude to the late Professor Garrett Mattingly of Columbia University for his inspiration and guidance during the years spent under his sponsorship. It was a rare privilege to study under him. Professor Sidney Burrell of Barnard College offered many constructive suggestions and I am most appreciative of the kind interest he took in the completion of this study. I also wish to thank the editors of The American Journal of Legal History for publishing some of my material on Chancery reform in their Journal. The staff of the North Library of the British Museum was most helpful in making available the many volumes of the Thomason Collection. Thanks are also due to the staff of the Library of Union Theological Seminary who helped in the location of materials from the McAlpin Collection.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Fundamental Law -- III. The Establishment of the Commonwealth, 1648-1653 -- IV. Agitation for Law Reform, 1649-1653 -- V. Barebone’s Parliament -- VI. The Protectorate -- VII The Last Years of The Protectorate -- Epilogue.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789401509114
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Historical Survey of the Treaty-Making Practice of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Treaty-Making Practice in the Inter-War Period -- C. Development after the Second World War -- II. The Basis of the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Constitutional Provisions -- C. International Personality -- D. The Implied Power Theory -- E. The Basis of Treaty-Making Capacity -- III. The Conclusion of Treaties -- A. Form of Agreements -- B. Constitutional Requirements — Limitation on the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- C. Constitutional Requirements — Organs Competent to Conclude Treaties -- D. Procedure of Conclusion -- IV. Certain Kinds of Treaties -- A. Succession Agreements -- B. Relationship Agreements -- C. Institutional Treaties -- D. Trusteeship Agreements -- E. Technical Assistance Agreements -- F. UNICEF, Special Fund, and OPEX Agreements -- G. Loan and Guarantee Agreements -- H. Conclusion -- V. The Legal Character of Agreements Concluded by International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Legal Character in General -- C. Tests to Decide the Legal Character of An Agreement -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: Mter an international organization is established, if it is necessary for it to acquire certain rights or assume duties or new functions not provided in its constitution, there are four techniques to achieve that 1 end. The first is to amend the constitution of the organization. If the organization has only a limited number of members, then this technique is not too cumbersome. But, the procedure for amending a constitution is usually complicated and requires a substantial period of time. Thus this technique has at least the disadvantage of delay. 2 The second technique is to conclude a treaty among the member States of the organization. The organization is not a party to that treaty, but it can acquire some rights, assume some duties, or new functions under the treaty. 3 The disadvantage of this technique is similar to the first one, i. e. , the conclusion of a multilateral treaty may mean delay since the procedure involved is so complicated and cumber­ some. 1 E. g. , the Constitution of the ILO, Cmd. No. 393 (T. S. No. 4 of 1919), [1919] 13 Foreign ReI. U. S. : Paris Conf. 695 (1947), was amended on October 9, 1946,62 Stat. 3485, T. I. A. S. No. 1868, 15 U. N. T. S.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Historical Survey of the Treaty-Making Practice of International OrganizationsA. Introduction -- B. Treaty-Making Practice in the Inter-War Period -- C. Development after the Second World War -- II. The Basis of the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Constitutional Provisions -- C. International Personality -- D. The Implied Power Theory -- E. The Basis of Treaty-Making Capacity -- III. The Conclusion of Treaties -- A. Form of Agreements -- B. Constitutional Requirements - Limitation on the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- C. Constitutional Requirements - Organs Competent to Conclude Treaties -- D. Procedure of Conclusion -- IV. Certain Kinds of Treaties -- A. Succession Agreements -- B. Relationship Agreements -- C. Institutional Treaties -- D. Trusteeship Agreements -- E. Technical Assistance Agreements -- F. UNICEF, Special Fund, and OPEX Agreements -- G. Loan and Guarantee Agreements -- H. Conclusion -- V. The Legal Character of Agreements Concluded by International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Legal Character in General -- C. Tests to Decide the Legal Character of An Agreement -- Conclusions.
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- II The basis of and reason for a sociological approach -- III The method of the sociological approach -- IV International law and sociology -- V The “sociological jurists” -- VI The theory of international relations -- VII The sociological theories -- I. The philosophical systems of sociology -- II. The middle and small range theories -- VIII The concepts of formal and informal structure -- IX The reality structure of world society -- X The formal structure of world society -- XI The interaction between formal and informal structure -- XII The “change” factor in world society -- XIII About the image of the future.
    Abstract: The academic or scientific occupation with international relations is not always an encouraging task. At times one gets an image of the enormous psychic and physical forces which operate in the international realm, and it then seems that the role of the publicist is almost a negligible one. If one, in addition, arrives at the conclusion that human social action is not really a volitional process, then there is indeed ample room for pessimism and despair. Nevertheless, in the complexity of our consciousness, the different elements of which life is made of blend into a unity of which the idea is as much a part or even more so than the deed or action. The stress on action expresses the crudeness of our times but the idea has been much more the motivation of history and its cohesive force over long periods. Action in terms of force is never in itself the entire solution because it carries no conviction or understanding, at least unless its role is a very moderate one.
    Description / Table of Contents: I IntroductionII The basis of and reason for a sociological approach -- III The method of the sociological approach -- IV International law and sociology -- V The “sociological jurists” -- VI The theory of international relations -- VII The sociological theories -- I. The philosophical systems of sociology -- II. The middle and small range theories -- VIII The concepts of formal and informal structure -- IX The reality structure of world society -- X The formal structure of world society -- XI The interaction between formal and informal structure -- XII The “change” factor in world society -- XIII About the image of the future.
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401194952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: I Declarations and the Development of International Law -- 1. The Nature of the Declarations -- 2. Significance of Declarations in Relation to Specific Powers of the Assembly under the Charter -- 3. Significance of Declarations as Interpretation and Application of International Law -- 4. Declarations as Subsequent Practice and as Aid in the Judicial Interpretation of the Charter -- 5. Declarations as Evidence of Custom or General Principles of International Law -- 6. Declarations as Agreements Within the United Nations System -- 7. Factors Affecting the Significance of Declarations -- II Declarations Which Purport to State Existing Principles of International Law -- 1. Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Wealth and Resources -- 2. The Declaration on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear and Thermo-Nuclear Weapons -- 3. The Resolution Affirming Principles of International Law embodied in the Charter of the Nurnberg Tribunal -- III Declarations Which Purport to Create New Principles of International Law -- 1. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- IV Declarations Intended to Promote Specific Charter Programs -- 1. The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples -- 2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- 3. The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination -- 4. The Declaration of the Rights of the Child -- V Significance of Declarations in the Practice of States and of International Organizations -- 1. Significance of Declarations in the Practice of States -- 2. Significance of Declarations in International Organizations -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Mr. Asamoah's book is concerned with an area of growing importance in the evolution of contemporary international law. The traditional division of the sources of International law into custom and treaties has already been supplemented in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice by the "general principles of law re­ cognized by civilized nations" and-as subsidiary sources, the judicial decisions and the teachings of highly qualified publicists. But in order to cope with the diversity of international law in our time, we have to look to a far greater variety of sources of international law, and we shall have to recognize that, in accordance with the many-sided character of international law, these sources may vary greatly in intensity. In recent years, Declaratory Resolutions of the General Assembly have been much concerned with the general princi­ ples of international law. Sometimes these Declarations are interpre­ tations of the Charter and other instruments; sometimes they are evi­ dence of state practice and a developing customary international law ; sometimes they formulate new principles which, in some cases will eventually lead to international treaties or new custom, or in other cases will be accepted as authorative statements of international legal principles, in circumstances where a formal treaty cannot be attained. There are many reasons--often of an internal character-which prevent the conclusion of a treaty but not the acceptance of the principles contained in it.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Declarations and the Development of International Law1. The Nature of the Declarations -- 2. Significance of Declarations in Relation to Specific Powers of the Assembly under the Charter -- 3. Significance of Declarations as Interpretation and Application of International Law -- 4. Declarations as Subsequent Practice and as Aid in the Judicial Interpretation of the Charter -- 5. Declarations as Evidence of Custom or General Principles of International Law -- 6. Declarations as Agreements Within the United Nations System -- 7. Factors Affecting the Significance of Declarations -- II Declarations Which Purport to State Existing Principles of International Law -- 1. Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Wealth and Resources -- 2. The Declaration on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear and Thermo-Nuclear Weapons -- 3. The Resolution Affirming Principles of International Law embodied in the Charter of the Nurnberg Tribunal -- III Declarations Which Purport to Create New Principles of International Law -- 1. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- IV Declarations Intended to Promote Specific Charter Programs -- 1. The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples -- 2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- 3. The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination -- 4. The Declaration of the Rights of the Child -- V Significance of Declarations in the Practice of States and of International Organizations -- 1. Significance of Declarations in the Practice of States -- 2. Significance of Declarations in International Organizations -- Conclusion.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (279p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the British Commonwealth of Nations -- Introductory -- 1. Developments before 1914 -- 2. Developments during World War I -- 3. Developments in the Interwar Period -- 4. Developments after World War II -- II. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the Commonwealth of Australia -- Introductory -- 1. Developments prior to Federation -- 2. Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia -- 3. Early Developments after federation -- 4. Developments after World War I -- 5. The Status of the Commonwealth after World War II -- III. Constitutional Framework -- 1. Constitutional Provisions -- 2. Discussion of Constitutional Amendments -- 3. Conclusions -- IV. The Prerogatives of the Crown and Treaty-Making -- (i) The Crown as a Juristic Entity -- (ii) The Prerogative of Peace and War -- (iii) The Prerogative of Treaty-Making as an Executive Act -- (iv) The doctrine of indivisibility -- V. Negotiation and Conclusion -- (i) Appointment of Australian Plenipotentiaries -- (ii) Negotiation of Treaties -- (iii) Consultation of State Governments by the Federal Executive -- (iv) Cabinet approval and the Competence of the Minister of State for External Affairs -- (v) Issuance of Full Powers -- (vi) Issuance of Full Powers in the case of “Heads of States” Treaties -- (vii) Signature of the Australian Representative -- VI. Ratification and Implementation -- Introductory -- VII. Treaty Implementation and Constitutional Limitations -- 1. International Law and Australian Municipal Law -- 2. Judicial interpretation of the “External Affairs” Clause -- 3. Constitutional limitations upon the power to conclude treaties -- VIII. The Competence of the States in “External Affairs” -- (i) State representation abroad -- (ii) State and United Kingdom relations -- (iii) State Reciprocity Legislation -- (iv) State Legislation and Treaty Implementation -- IX. Federalism, Constitutionalism, and Internationalism -- Appendices -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: In the relation of states, treaties are a matter of great importance. The law of treaties and the study of treaty-making procedures in municipal law systems have become both from a theoretical and practical point of view, subjects of increasing interest. The United Nations Legal Committee as well as the International Law Commission have published studies concerned with the relationship of international law and municipal law, emphasizing national practices concerning the conclusion of treaties. In the case of some countries, such as Great Britain and the United States, numerous studies of treaty­ making problems have been made, but much less has been published in the case of many other countries such as Australia, Canada or India. In the case of Australia, research on treaty-making has resulted in comparatively few published articles in scholarly and legal journals and only a few comments in general legal treatises. But no comprehen­ sive legal analysis of the subject has as yet appeared. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey and analysis of actual treaty­ making procedures and practices in Australia against the setting of the relevant constitutional and other legal norms of the Australian political system. The analysis of treaty-making will consider both normative and empirical legal aspects. Basic constitutional norms, legal principles derived from common and constitutional law and statutes will be discussed, as well as the actual practices and procedures used in the exercise of the treaty-making power.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the British Commonwealth of NationsIntroductory -- 1. Developments before 1914 -- 2. Developments during World War I -- 3. Developments in the Interwar Period -- 4. Developments after World War II -- II. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the Commonwealth of Australia -- Introductory -- 1. Developments prior to Federation -- 2. Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia -- 3. Early Developments after federation -- 4. Developments after World War I -- 5. The Status of the Commonwealth after World War II -- III. Constitutional Framework -- 1. Constitutional Provisions -- 2. Discussion of Constitutional Amendments -- 3. Conclusions -- IV. The Prerogatives of the Crown and Treaty-Making -- (i) The Crown as a Juristic Entity -- (ii) The Prerogative of Peace and War -- (iii) The Prerogative of Treaty-Making as an Executive Act -- (iv) The doctrine of indivisibility -- V. Negotiation and Conclusion -- (i) Appointment of Australian Plenipotentiaries -- (ii) Negotiation of Treaties -- (iii) Consultation of State Governments by the Federal Executive -- (iv) Cabinet approval and the Competence of the Minister of State for External Affairs -- (v) Issuance of Full Powers -- (vi) Issuance of Full Powers in the case of “Heads of States” Treaties -- (vii) Signature of the Australian Representative -- VI. Ratification and Implementation -- Introductory -- VII. Treaty Implementation and Constitutional Limitations -- 1. International Law and Australian Municipal Law -- 2. Judicial interpretation of the “External Affairs” Clause -- 3. Constitutional limitations upon the power to conclude treaties -- VIII. The Competence of the States in “External Affairs” -- (i) State representation abroad -- (ii) State and United Kingdom relations -- (iii) State Reciprocity Legislation -- (iv) State Legislation and Treaty Implementation -- IX. Federalism, Constitutionalism, and Internationalism -- Appendices -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401196000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Statement of the Problem -- II. Jurists and Unilateral Denunciation -- Zouche -- Wolff -- Grotius -- Vattel -- Wildman -- Rivier -- Halleck -- Kent -- F. von Martens -- Calvo -- Bonfils -- Bello -- Cavaglieri -- Guggenheim -- Ross -- Liszt -- Bluntschli -- Sauer -- Spiropoulos -- Schwarzenberger -- Fauchille -- Rousseau -- Anzilotti -- Verdross -- Fenwick -- Dupuis -- Axell Moller -- Fiore -- Wheaton -- Moore -- Pitt Cobbett -- Hall -- Crandall -- Oppenheim -- Hyde -- Brierly -- McNair -- Fitzmaurice -- Korovin -- The Harvard Research in International Law -- The American Law Institute -- The United Nations International Law Commission -- Conclusion -- III. Judges and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Tacna Arica Case -- The Diversion of Water from the Meuse Case -- Ware v. Hylton -- In re Thomas -- Hooper v. The United States -- The Chinese Exclusion Case -- Terlinden v. Ames -- Charlton v. Kelly -- The Blonde and Other Ships Case -- In re Lepeschkin -- Attorney-General of the Court of Appeal of Brussels v. Aron -- In re Totarko -- Security for Costs (Switzerland) Case -- Conclusion -- IV. Private Law Analogy and Unilateral Denunciation -- French Law -- German Law -- Other Continental and Latin American Legal Systems -- English Law -- American Law -- Indian Law -- Soviet Law -- Islamic Law -- Japanese Law -- Chinese Law -- Conclusion -- V. Related Problems -- Pacta Sunt Servanda and Unilateral Denunciation -- Unilateral Denunciation and Unanimity Rule -- The Rule of Extinctive Prescription and Unilateral Denunciation -- A Violated Treaty — Void or Voidable ? -- The Limitation of Substantial Breach -- The Principle of Severability of Provisions -- Unilateral Denunciation and Law-Making Treaty -- The Concept of the Rule of Law and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Sanction of What is Proper and Public Opinion -- VI. Practice of States and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Peace of 3 September 1783 -- The Franco-American Treaties, 1778–1790 -- The Ancient Anglo-Spanish Treaties -- Convention between Great Britain, the Netherlands and Russia, 19 May 1815 -- The Russo-British Convention of 16 November 1831 -- The Declaration of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Transval Boers Agreement of 1852 -- The Treaty of 11th May 1867 on the Neutrality of Luxemburg -- The Treaty of London of 1839 on the Neutrality of Belgium -- The Treaty of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Uruguayan Postal Agreement of 28 November 1853 -- The Anglo-Honduran Agreement of 27 August 1856 -- The Proposed Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 1876 -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 9 August 1842 -- The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 19 April 1850 -- The Sino-American Treaties, 1844–1880 -- Reciprocal Trade Agreements between the U.S.A. and Other States -- The Italo-American Extradition Conventions of 8 February 1864 & 1884 -- The Russo-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1832 -- The Fifth Treaty of the Triple Alliance, 5 December 1912 -- The Prusso-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1828 -- The Japanese-American Agreement of 1907–08 -- Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice -- Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellog Pact), 1928 -- Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights between Germany and the United States, 8 December 1923 -- The Versailles Treaty, 28 January 1919 -- The Locarno Treaty, 16 October 1925 -- The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty of 1859 -- The International Load Line Convention, 5 July 1930 -- The Munich Agreement, 29 September 1938 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty, February 1948 -- Yugoslav-Albanian Treaties -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of 24 July 1947 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 11 April 1945 -- The Polish-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 18 March 1946 -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 8 December 1947 -- Bulgar-Yugoslav Treaties -- The Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian Treaty of 9 May 1946 -- Albano-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 9 July 1946 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 12 August 1936 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Conventions of 1899 on the Sudan -- The Italian Peace Treaty, 10 February 1947 -- The Sino-Soviet Treaty of 24 August 1945 -- The Soviet-British Treaty of Alliance of 1942 and the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Alliance of 1944 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty on the Suez Canal Base, 1954 -- The Quadripartite Agreements of 1944 and 1945 on Berlin. -- Agreement Relative to the Withdrawal of Offensive Weapons from Cuba, October 1962 -- Treaty on a Partial Test Ban, July 1963 -- Conclusion -- VII. Discussions Relative to Unilateral Denunciation in International Organisations and Conferences -- The Danube Convention and Conference -- The Palestine Armistice Agreements, 1949 -- The Korean Armistice Agreement of 1953 -- Conclusion -- VIII. Conclusions -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: In a world still divided into sovereign states and possessed of no institutions for comprehensive centralised regulation of transnational interests and activities, treaties are steadily increasing in number and importance as an imperfect but indispensable substitute for such regulation. Through multilateral conventions, the world community seeks to establish widely accepted standards of state conduct in the general interest; and many international agreements are concluded for the purpose of regulating the relations between two or more states by creating contractual bonds of reciprocal nature between them. Despite the non-existence of anything resembling a world govern­ ment with effective power to enforce international law, most treaties are observed with a high degree of regularity. States normally carry out their treaty commitments because it is in their interest to do so. A treaty is made because two or more states have a common or mutual interest in establishing a new relationship or modifying an existing one. The natural penalty for the violation of a treaty establishing or regulating a mutually desired relationship is the disruption or im­ pairment of the latter. When national policies change, clauses per­ mitting termination or withdrawal by a unilaterally given notice often serve as safety valves which prevent pressures for treaty violations from building up. But there remains a residue of situations in which a state fails to live up to its obligations under a treaty still in force.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Statement of the ProblemII. Jurists and Unilateral Denunciation -- Zouche -- Wolff -- Grotius -- Vattel -- Wildman -- Rivier -- Halleck -- Kent -- F. von Martens -- Calvo -- Bonfils -- Bello -- Cavaglieri -- Guggenheim -- Ross -- Liszt -- Bluntschli -- Sauer -- Spiropoulos -- Schwarzenberger -- Fauchille -- Rousseau -- Anzilotti -- Verdross -- Fenwick -- Dupuis -- Axell Moller -- Fiore -- Wheaton -- Moore -- Pitt Cobbett -- Hall -- Crandall -- Oppenheim -- Hyde -- Brierly -- McNair -- Fitzmaurice -- Korovin -- The Harvard Research in International Law -- The American Law Institute -- The United Nations International Law Commission -- Conclusion -- III. Judges and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Tacna Arica Case -- The Diversion of Water from the Meuse Case -- Ware v. Hylton -- In re Thomas -- Hooper v. The United States -- The Chinese Exclusion Case -- Terlinden v. Ames -- Charlton v. Kelly -- The Blonde and Other Ships Case -- In re Lepeschkin -- Attorney-General of the Court of Appeal of Brussels v. Aron -- In re Totarko -- Security for Costs (Switzerland) Case -- Conclusion -- IV. Private Law Analogy and Unilateral Denunciation -- French Law -- German Law -- Other Continental and Latin American Legal Systems -- English Law -- American Law -- Indian Law -- Soviet Law -- Islamic Law -- Japanese Law -- Chinese Law -- Conclusion -- V. Related Problems -- Pacta Sunt Servanda and Unilateral Denunciation -- Unilateral Denunciation and Unanimity Rule -- The Rule of Extinctive Prescription and Unilateral Denunciation -- A Violated Treaty - Void or Voidable ? -- The Limitation of Substantial Breach -- The Principle of Severability of Provisions -- Unilateral Denunciation and Law-Making Treaty -- The Concept of the Rule of Law and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Sanction of What is Proper and Public Opinion -- VI. Practice of States and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Peace of 3 September 1783 -- The Franco-American Treaties, 1778-1790 -- The Ancient Anglo-Spanish Treaties -- Convention between Great Britain, the Netherlands and Russia, 19 May 1815 -- The Russo-British Convention of 16 November 1831 -- The Declaration of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Transval Boers Agreement of 1852 -- The Treaty of 11th May 1867 on the Neutrality of Luxemburg -- The Treaty of London of 1839 on the Neutrality of Belgium -- The Treaty of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Uruguayan Postal Agreement of 28 November 1853 -- The Anglo-Honduran Agreement of 27 August 1856 -- The Proposed Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 1876 -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 9 August 1842 -- The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 19 April 1850 -- The Sino-American Treaties, 1844-1880 -- Reciprocal Trade Agreements between the U.S.A. and Other States -- The Italo-American Extradition Conventions of 8 February 1864 & 1884 -- The Russo-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1832 -- The Fifth Treaty of the Triple Alliance, 5 December 1912 -- The Prusso-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1828 -- The Japanese-American Agreement of 1907-08 -- Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice -- Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellog Pact), 1928 -- Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights between Germany and the United States, 8 December 1923 -- The Versailles Treaty, 28 January 1919 -- The Locarno Treaty, 16 October 1925 -- The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty of 1859 -- The International Load Line Convention, 5 July 1930 -- The Munich Agreement, 29 September 1938 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty, February 1948 -- Yugoslav-Albanian Treaties -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of 24 July 1947 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 11 April 1945 -- The Polish-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 18 March 1946 -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 8 December 1947 -- Bulgar-Yugoslav Treaties -- The Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian Treaty of 9 May 1946 -- Albano-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 9 July 1946 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 12 August 1936 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Conventions of 1899 on the Sudan -- The Italian Peace Treaty, 10 February 1947 -- The Sino-Soviet Treaty of 24 August 1945 -- The Soviet-British Treaty of Alliance of 1942 and the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Alliance of 1944 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty on the Suez Canal Base, 1954 -- The Quadripartite Agreements of 1944 and 1945 on Berlin. -- Agreement Relative to the Withdrawal of Offensive Weapons from Cuba, October 1962 -- Treaty on a Partial Test Ban, July 1963 -- Conclusion -- VII. Discussions Relative to Unilateral Denunciation in International Organisations and Conferences -- The Danube Convention and Conference -- The Palestine Armistice Agreements, 1949 -- The Korean Armistice Agreement of 1953 -- Conclusion -- VIII. Conclusions -- Selected Bibliography.
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  • 55
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401760294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 135 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Implementing Man’s Natural Rights: The Developing International Law -- Failure at the International Level -- The Regional Approach -- Purpose of the Study -- The Natural Rights of Man -- II. The Development of Procedural Remedies -- From Antiquity to the Modern State -- The Status of the Individual under Roman Law -- Present Theories of Individual Procedural Status -- Other Subjects of the Law -- Early International Courts -- III. The Inter-War Period -- The U.S.-Mexican Mixed Claims Commission -- Mixed Claims Commissions -- Arbitral Tribunals -- IV. The Efforts of the United Nations -- Failure at the International Level -- International Labour Organization -- International Court of Justice -- V. The Council of Europe: Political Unification -- The Realization of an Ideal -- The Council of Europe and Unification -- The Individual and the Commission Convention of Human Rights -- Protection of States -- Regional Tribunals and the Individual Commission of Human Rights -- The Court of Human Rights -- Committee of Ministers -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Conclusions: Political Organizations -- VI. European Economic Organizations -- The Common Market -- Economic Integration of Europe -- The European Communities and the Individual -- Combined Community Court -- The Individual and the EEC -- The Role of the Court in an Expanding Legal System -- Treaty Texts and the Individual -- Article 177 and the Individual -- Court Decisions and Individual Rights -- Advisory Jurisdiction -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Conclusions: Economic Organizations -- VII. Conclusions -- Individual Right of Action -- Political and Economic Organizations Compared -- The Future Global Efforts -- International Court of Justice -- Private Undertakings -- Trend of World Law -- Table of Cases -- Subject Matter Index -- Index of Authorities.
    Abstract: The most important sipgle factor in guaranteeing the effective pro­ tection of human rights - including economic and property interest- is that private individuals and groups be capable of maintaining a judicial action against any sovereign State causing them injury. Thus, individuals must possess the necessary locus standi at both the regional and international levels. A private individual must be able to prosecute an action before an international tribunal - in his own name - against an offending Government, particularly his own. Unfortunately, this necessary right of action was not recognized under traditional internatio­ nallaw. It is only very recently, since the adoption of the European Convention of Human Rights and the Establishing Treaty of the Common Market, that nongovernmental entities have achieved locus standi before international courts. As this book is being written, it is no longer valid to hold that only States are procedural subjects of international law. Nevertheless, it must - tragically - be conceded that individuals do not enjoy the same standing as Member States. This same generalization applies to the United Nations. Starting with the proposition that the individual is a subject of the Law, this book not only analyses examples supporting this viewpoint, but it concentrates on the more important shortcomings, primarily those existing within the Council of Europe, the European Economic Community, and the United Nations. Therefore, recommendations are offered as to the specific improvements that must be made.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Implementing Man’s Natural Rights: The Developing International LawFailure at the International Level -- The Regional Approach -- Purpose of the Study -- The Natural Rights of Man -- II. The Development of Procedural Remedies -- From Antiquity to the Modern State -- The Status of the Individual under Roman Law -- Present Theories of Individual Procedural Status -- Other Subjects of the Law -- Early International Courts -- III. The Inter-War Period -- The U.S.-Mexican Mixed Claims Commission -- Mixed Claims Commissions -- Arbitral Tribunals -- IV. The Efforts of the United Nations -- Failure at the International Level -- International Labour Organization -- International Court of Justice -- V. The Council of Europe: Political Unification -- The Realization of an Ideal -- The Council of Europe and Unification -- The Individual and the Commission Convention of Human Rights -- Protection of States -- Regional Tribunals and the Individual Commission of Human Rights -- The Court of Human Rights -- Committee of Ministers -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Conclusions: Political Organizations -- VI. European Economic Organizations -- The Common Market -- Economic Integration of Europe -- The European Communities and the Individual -- Combined Community Court -- The Individual and the EEC -- The Role of the Court in an Expanding Legal System -- Treaty Texts and the Individual -- Article 177 and the Individual -- Court Decisions and Individual Rights -- Advisory Jurisdiction -- The Individual as a Beneficiary -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Conclusions: Economic Organizations -- VII. Conclusions -- Individual Right of Action -- Political and Economic Organizations Compared -- The Future Global Efforts -- International Court of Justice -- Private Undertakings -- Trend of World Law -- Table of Cases -- Subject Matter Index -- Index of Authorities.
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  • 57
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    Bern : Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: 〈P〉Die Südosteuropa-Studien werden von der in München ansässigen Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, der wichtigsten Wissenschaftsorganisation der Südosteuropa-Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum, herausgegeben. Sie dienen der vertieften und interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Darstellung wichtiger Themen aus der Südosteuropa-Forschung. Auch Fragen zur aktuellen politischen und sozio-ökonomischen Entwicklung in der Region Südosteuropa werden aufgegriffen. Herausgeber der Einzelbände sind renommierte Repräsentanten der deutschen und internationalen Südosteuropa-Forschung.〈/P〉
    Note: German
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401759083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 400 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401187923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 522 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: One Diplomatic Relations, Functions and Privileges -- I. Historical Introduction -- II. Relations between Nations -- III. Establishment and Conduct of Diplomatic Relations -- IV. Functions of a Diplomatic Agent -- V. Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges -- VI. Position in Third States -- VII. Termination of a Mission -- Two Consular Functions, Immunities and Privileges -- VIII. Consular Relations in General -- IX. Consular Functions -- X. Consular Privileges and Immunities -- XI. Termination of Consular Functions and Position in Third States -- Three International Law — Selected Topics -- XII. Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad -- XIII. Passport and Visas -- XIV. Asylum and Extradition -- XV. Commercial Activities of States and Immunities in Relation Thereto -- XVI. Recognition of States and Governments -- XVII. Treaty Making -- Appendices -- I. Extracts from the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 -- II. Extracts from the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 -- Agreements, Treaties and Conventions -- National Laws and Regulations.
    Abstract: It gives me great pleasure to write a foreword to :\1r. Sen's excellent book, and for two reasons in particular. In the first place, in producing it, Mr. Sen has done something vvhich I have long felt needed to be done, and which I at one time had am­ bitions to do myself. \Vhen, over thirty years ago, and after some years of practice at the Bar, I first entered the legal side of the British Foreign Service, I had not been working for long in the Foreign Office before I conceived the idea of writing - or at any rate compiling - a book to which (in my own mind) I gave the title of "A ~fanual of Foreign Office Law. " This work, had I ever produced it in the form in which I visualised it, could probably not have been published con­ sistently with the requirements of official discretion. But this did not worry me as I was only contemplating something for private circulation within the Service and in Government circles. :Mr. Sen's aim has been broader and more public-spirited than mine was; but its basis is essentially the same.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401190329
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Political science.
    Abstract: to Part I -- I. Nature and Scope of the Problem -- II. The Historical Development of Diplomatic Asylum in Latin America -- III. Opinio Juris Sive Necessitatis and the Practice of Diplomatic Asylum -- IV. Establishing a Legal Basis through Multilateral Conventions and Treaties -- V. Diplomatic Asylum in Latin American Practice -- VI. United States Practice in Latin America -- VII. Asylum in Consulates -- To Part II -- VIII. Qualification of the Offence: Treaties -- IX. The problem of “Political” Offences -- X. Qualification of the Offence: Practice -- XI. Legal Norms and Political Reality -- Appendices -- Convention on Asylum, La Habana, 1928 -- Convention on Asylum, Montevideo, 1933 -- Convention on Asylum, Caracas, 1954 -- Summary of Cases cited by Colombia in the Colombian-Perúvian -- Asylum Case -- Summary of Cases to which the U.S. has been a Party Cited by Colombia in the Colombian Perúvian Asylum Case.
    Abstract: The legal status of the institution of diplomatic asylum really presents two separate questions. (I) Is there evidence that states have regarded the practice of granting such asylum to political refugees as sanctioned by a rule of international law? (2) Assuming this to be the case, does the available evidence make it possible to define a "political refugee" and to determine which party to a dispute has the right to decide upon this question? While in many cases the two questions are not dearly separated in the discussions between the parties involved, they will be treated separately in the following pages. Part one will attempt to answer this question: Assuming the political nature of an offence can be establish­ ed, is there evidence that states have regarded the practice of granting diplomatic asylum as sanctioned by a rule of international law? Obviously, the two questions cannot be separated entirely but it seems advisable to try to isolate them as much as possible. CHAPTER I NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The term "asylum" is used to identify such a variety of phenomena that the following distinctions must be made before the problem can be properly discussed I. Between diplomatic and territorial asylum. The importance of this distinction was pointed out by the International Court of Justice in the Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case,l often referred to as the Haya de la Torre Case.
    Description / Table of Contents: to Part II. Nature and Scope of the Problem -- II. The Historical Development of Diplomatic Asylum in Latin America -- III. Opinio Juris Sive Necessitatis and the Practice of Diplomatic Asylum -- IV. Establishing a Legal Basis through Multilateral Conventions and Treaties -- V. Diplomatic Asylum in Latin American Practice -- VI. United States Practice in Latin America -- VII. Asylum in Consulates -- To Part II -- VIII. Qualification of the Offence: Treaties -- IX. The problem of “Political” Offences -- X. Qualification of the Offence: Practice -- XI. Legal Norms and Political Reality -- Appendices -- Convention on Asylum, La Habana, 1928 -- Convention on Asylum, Montevideo, 1933 -- Convention on Asylum, Caracas, 1954 -- Summary of Cases cited by Colombia in the Colombian-Perúvian -- Asylum Case -- Summary of Cases to which the U.S. has been a Party Cited by Colombia in the Colombian Perúvian Asylum Case.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401506991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 360 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. The acquisition of territory: the evolution of the modern concept -- 2. The acquisition of territory: the differing approach of academic and practising lawyers -- 3. The various modes of acquiring territory — Classification -- 4. Plan of the work -- II. Prescription in International Law -- 5. The distinction between acquisitive prescription and extinctive prescription -- 6. Prescription as a private law concept -- 7. Private law concepts in international law -- 8. Divergence of the definition of prescription between the continental and English legal systems -- 9. Prescription in municipal law — Roman law -- 10. Prescription in municipal law — English law -- 11. Prescription in municipal law — Conclusions -- 12. Doctrinal reasons for the existence of prescription in international law -- 13. The existence of prescription in international law ? Opinions of writers -- 14. The existence of prescription in international law — Judicial decisions rendered by international tribunals -- 15. The existence of prescription in international law — Judicial decisions rendered by municipal courts -- 16. The existence of prescription in international law — Practice of States -- III. Acquiescence as the Juridical Basis of an Historic Title -- 17. General -- 18. The creation of a customary rule of international law — The generality of practice and the time element -- 19. The creation of a customary rule of international law — Opinio jurisand acquiescence -- 20. The consensual basis of customary international law -- 21. Recognition and acquiescence -- 22. The role of the time element in the creation of special customary or “historic” rights -- 23. Some historic rights viewed as remainders of more extensive ancient rights -- 24. Non-exclusive historic rights -- 25. Acquiescence versus prescription as the legal basis of historic rights -- 26. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Opinions of writers -- 27. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Opinions of learned bodies -- 28. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Decisions of international tribunals -- 29. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — Decisions of municipal courts -- 30. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights — State practice -- 31. Acquiescence and estoppel -- IV. The Requirements for the Formation of an Historic Title and its Constituent Elements -- 32. Introductory -- 33. Effective display of State authority — General -- 34. Effective display of State authority — The notion of continuity in respect of territorial situations -- 35. Effective display of State authority — Intention and will to act as sovereign -- 36. Effective display of State authority — Manifestations of State sovereignty -- 37. Effective display of State authority — Possession à titre de souverain -- 38. Acquiescence in the display of State authority — General -- 39. Acquiescence in the display of State authority — The meaning of “acquiescence” -- 40. Notoriety of territorial situations -- 41. Is notification a prerequisite of notoriety? -- 42. Constructive knowledge -- 43. The plea of excusable ignorance -- 44. The relevance of protest to the formation of an historic title -- 45. The conditions for the validity of a protest -- 46. Anticipatory protest -- 47. Protest as a bar to the acquisition of an historic title -- 48. The repetition of protest -- 49. The relevance of the protest of a single State -- 50. Lack of protest does not always indicate acquiescence -- 51. The geographical element in the formation of an historic title -- 52. The role of “legitimate interests” in the formation of an historic title -- 53. The role of the time element in the formation of an historic title -- V. Miscellaneous Problems of Interpretation and Evidence Relating to the Acquisition of an Historic Title -- 54. General -- 55. The application of intertemporal law in the interpretation of an historic title -- 56. The selection, of the “critical date” -- 56. 57. The relative strength of competing claims -- 58. The burden of proving an historic title -- 59. Strict geographical interpretation of an historic title -- VI. Juridical Aspects Specifically Related to the Formation of Maritime Historic Titles -- 60. General -- 61. The impact of the principle of the freedom of the high seas on the formation of maritime historic rights -- 62. What is international acquiescence? -- 63. Manifestations of State authority over maritime areas -- 64. Historic waters — Historic bays in general -- 65. Can multinational bays be claimed as historic bays? -- 66. The effects of territorial changes along the coast of a bay -- 67. Historic waters other than historic bays — Historic rights of delimitation -- 68. Historic waters other than historic bays — Water areas lying within and around island formations -- 69. Historic waters other than historic bays — Historic rights to a greater breadth of the territorial sea -- 70. The juridical status of historic waters — Historic waters are internal waters -- 71. The juridical status of historic waters — The distinction between internal inland waters and internal non-inland waters -- 72. The juridical status of historic waters — Multinational bays -- 73. Non-exclusive historic rights over maritime areas -- 74. Historic rights of fishing -- 75. Are claims to the sea-bed and subsoil of an “historic” character ? -- 76. Sedentary fisheries as historic rights -- VII. Conclusions -- 77. Consolidation as the legal root of historic titles -- 78. Critical appraisal of the doctrine of historic titles -- Appendix — Uti possidetis in international law -- Selected bibliography -- Index of Names -- General Indepc.
    Abstract: The question of Historic Titles in International Law has been much discussed in recent years. In particular, it was an issue of some im­ portance in several international arbitrations, such as the Gulf of Fon­ seca case, decided by the Central American Court of Justice; the Island of Palmas case, decided by Judge Huber as sole arbitrator, under the auspices of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; the case concerning the Legal Status rif Eastern Greenland before the Permanent Court of International Justice; and, more recently still, the cases concerning Fisheries (United Kingdom v. Norway); Minquiers and Ecrehos Islets (U nited Kingdom v. France) ; Certain Frontier Land (Belgium v. N ether­ lands); and Temple rif Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), before the International Court of Justice. Historic Titles are probably also a re­ levant factor in a number of territorial disputes that have not yet been submitted to arbitration or judicial settlement. The recent controversies over the proper breadth for the territorial sea and the exclusive fishing limits of coastal States have brought to the fore new aspects of the problem.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. The acquisition of territory: the evolution of the modern concept -- 2. The acquisition of territory: the differing approach of academic and practising lawyers -- 3. The various modes of acquiring territory - Classification -- 4. Plan of the work -- II. Prescription in International Law -- 5. The distinction between acquisitive prescription and extinctive prescription -- 6. Prescription as a private law concept -- 7. Private law concepts in international law -- 8. Divergence of the definition of prescription between the continental and English legal systems -- 9. Prescription in municipal law - Roman law -- 10. Prescription in municipal law - English law -- 11. Prescription in municipal law - Conclusions -- 12. Doctrinal reasons for the existence of prescription in international law -- 13. The existence of prescription in international law ? Opinions of writers -- 14. The existence of prescription in international law - Judicial decisions rendered by international tribunals -- 15. The existence of prescription in international law - Judicial decisions rendered by municipal courts -- 16. The existence of prescription in international law - Practice of States -- III. Acquiescence as the Juridical Basis of an Historic Title -- 17. General -- 18. The creation of a customary rule of international law - The generality of practice and the time element -- 19. The creation of a customary rule of international law - Opinio jurisand acquiescence -- 20. The consensual basis of customary international law -- 21. Recognition and acquiescence -- 22. The role of the time element in the creation of special customary or “historic” rights -- 23. Some historic rights viewed as remainders of more extensive ancient rights -- 24. Non-exclusive historic rights -- 25. Acquiescence versus prescription as the legal basis of historic rights -- 26. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Opinions of writers -- 27. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Opinions of learned bodies -- 28. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Decisions of international tribunals -- 29. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - Decisions of municipal courts -- 30. Acquiescence as the juridical basis of historic rights - State practice -- 31. Acquiescence and estoppel -- IV. The Requirements for the Formation of an Historic Title and its Constituent Elements -- 32. Introductory -- 33. Effective display of State authority - General -- 34. Effective display of State authority - The notion of continuity in respect of territorial situations -- 35. Effective display of State authority - Intention and will to act as sovereign -- 36. Effective display of State authority - Manifestations of State sovereignty -- 37. Effective display of State authority - Possession à titre de souverain -- 38. Acquiescence in the display of State authority - General -- 39. Acquiescence in the display of State authority - The meaning of “acquiescence” -- 40. Notoriety of territorial situations -- 41. Is notification a prerequisite of notoriety? -- 42. Constructive knowledge -- 43. The plea of excusable ignorance -- 44. The relevance of protest to the formation of an historic title -- 45. The conditions for the validity of a protest -- 46. Anticipatory protest -- 47. Protest as a bar to the acquisition of an historic title -- 48. The repetition of protest -- 49. The relevance of the protest of a single State -- 50. Lack of protest does not always indicate acquiescence -- 51. The geographical element in the formation of an historic title -- 52. The role of “legitimate interests” in the formation of an historic title -- 53. The role of the time element in the formation of an historic title -- V. Miscellaneous Problems of Interpretation and Evidence Relating to the Acquisition of an Historic Title -- 54. General -- 55. The application of intertemporal law in the interpretation of an historic title -- 56. The selection, of the “critical date” -- 56. 57. The relative strength of competing claims -- 58. The burden of proving an historic title -- 59. Strict geographical interpretation of an historic title -- VI. Juridical Aspects Specifically Related to the Formation of Maritime Historic Titles -- 60. General -- 61. The impact of the principle of the freedom of the high seas on the formation of maritime historic rights -- 62. What is international acquiescence? -- 63. Manifestations of State authority over maritime areas -- 64. Historic waters - Historic bays in general -- 65. Can multinational bays be claimed as historic bays? -- 66. The effects of territorial changes along the coast of a bay -- 67. Historic waters other than historic bays - Historic rights of delimitation -- 68. Historic waters other than historic bays - Water areas lying within and around island formations -- 69. Historic waters other than historic bays - Historic rights to a greater breadth of the territorial sea -- 70. The juridical status of historic waters - Historic waters are internal waters -- 71. The juridical status of historic waters - The distinction between internal inland waters and internal non-inland waters -- 72. The juridical status of historic waters - Multinational bays -- 73. Non-exclusive historic rights over maritime areas -- 74. Historic rights of fishing -- 75. Are claims to the sea-bed and subsoil of an “historic” character ? -- 76. Sedentary fisheries as historic rights -- VII. Conclusions -- 77. Consolidation as the legal root of historic titles -- 78. Critical appraisal of the doctrine of historic titles -- Appendix - Uti possidetis in international law -- Selected bibliography -- Index of Names -- General Indepc.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (486p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Detailed Table of Contents -- 1. Introduction -- I. The Aims of the Project on International Procedure -- II. United States Procedures of International Cooperation in Litigation -- 2. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Austria -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Austria -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Austria -- 3. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Belgium -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Belgium -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Belgium -- 4. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Denmark -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Denmark -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Denmark -- 5. International Co-Operation in Litigation: England -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by England -- III. Co-Operation Sought by England -- 6. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Finland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Finland -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Finland -- 7. International Co-Operation in Litigation: France -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by France -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by France -- 8. International Co-Operation in Litigation: the Federal Republic of Germany -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Germany -- III. CO-Operation Granted by Germany -- 9. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Greece -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Greece -- III. Co-Operation Rendered in Greece -- 10. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Italy -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Italy -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Italy -- 11. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Norway -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Norway -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Norway -- 12. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Portugal -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Portugal -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Portugal -- 13. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Spain -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Spain -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Spain -- 14. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Sweden -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Sweden -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Sweden -- 15. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Switzerland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Provided by Switzerland -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Switzerland -- 16. International Co-Operation in Litigation: The Netherlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by the Netherlands -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by the Netherlands -- Appendix A. New Federal Statute -- I. An Act to Improve Judicial Procedures for Serving Documents, Obtaining Evidence, and Proving Documents in Litigation with International Aspects -- II. Report of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on the Bill -- Appendix B. New Federal Rules -- I. Rules 4(i), 26(c), and 28(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- II. Proposed Amended Rule 44 and New Rule 44.1 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- III. Proposed New Rule 26.1 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States District Courts -- Appendix C. Uniform Interstate and International Procedure Act.
    Abstract: The reports collected in this book were prepared at the initiative and under the auspices of the Project on International Procedure of the School of Law of Columbia University within the framework of its co-operation with the Commission on International Rules of Judicial Procedure, a body created by Act of Congress of September 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1743. The Commission is charged with studying domestic and foreign procedures of international co-operation in litigation with a view to suggesting improvements. Since June 1960, the Project has assisted the Commission in carrying out this statutorily assigned task. Work on the reports here presented was begun in the fall of 1960. The Project invoked the assistance of an active practitioner in each of the foreign countries se1ected and submitted to hirn an extensive questionnaire summarizing American procedures and posing detailed quest ions about foreign practices. The elaborate answers to these questionnaires provided the information on which the American co­ authors relied in drafting the English versions of the reports. By having proceeded in this fashion, the Project hopes to have prepared reports that reflect the knowledge and experience of the foreign practitioners and at the same time are drafted in terms intelligible to common law lawyers. Furthermore, to ensure that the reports would take due account of official views, in almost all instances, final drafts of the reports were submitted for comments and suggestions to appropriate foreign public officials.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detailed Table of Contents1. Introduction -- I. The Aims of the Project on International Procedure -- II. United States Procedures of International Cooperation in Litigation -- 2. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Austria -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Austria -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Austria -- 3. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Belgium -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Belgium -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Belgium -- 4. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Denmark -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Denmark -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Denmark -- 5. International Co-Operation in Litigation: England -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by England -- III. Co-Operation Sought by England -- 6. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Finland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Finland -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by Finland -- 7. International Co-Operation in Litigation: France -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by France -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by France -- 8. International Co-Operation in Litigation: the Federal Republic of Germany -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Germany -- III. CO-Operation Granted by Germany -- 9. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Greece -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Greece -- III. Co-Operation Rendered in Greece -- 10. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Italy -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Rendered by Italy -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Italy -- 11. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Norway -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Norway -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Norway -- 12. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Portugal -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Portugal -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Portugal -- 13. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Spain -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Spain -- III. Co-Operation Provided by Spain -- 14. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Sweden -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by Sweden -- III. Co-Operation Granted by Sweden -- 15. International Co-Operation in Litigation: Switzerland -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Provided by Switzerland -- III. Co-Operation Sought by Switzerland -- 16. International Co-Operation in Litigation: The Netherlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Co-Operation Sought by the Netherlands -- III. Co-Operation Rendered by the Netherlands -- Appendix A. New Federal Statute -- I. An Act to Improve Judicial Procedures for Serving Documents, Obtaining Evidence, and Proving Documents in Litigation with International Aspects -- II. Report of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on the Bill -- Appendix B. New Federal Rules -- I. Rules 4(i), 26(c), and 28(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- II. Proposed Amended Rule 44 and New Rule 44.1 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts -- III. Proposed New Rule 26.1 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States District Courts -- Appendix C. Uniform Interstate and International Procedure Act.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401762731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 451 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil Law ; Civil procedure.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401195522
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law. ; International law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- § 1. Basis and Function of Private International Law. Terminology -- § 2. The History of Private International Law in Sweden -- § 3. Sources of Swedish Private International Law -- II. The Material -- § 4. General Observations on the Nature of the Material -- § 5. External Substantive Rules -- § 6. The Choice of Law Rules -- § 7. Foreign Law -- III. How the Material is used -- § 8. General Remarks. The Stages of an International Action -- § 9. The Choice of Law -- § 10. The Applicable Law (lex causae) 186 Enquiry into the Rules of the lex causae -- § 11. Refusal to Apply the lex causae -- § 12. The Decision -- IV. The Swedish Conflict Rules — A Résumé -- § 13. The Personal Law -- § 14. Family Law. Inheritance -- § 15. Property Law -- V. Conflict Avoidance -- § 16. An Excursus -- Table of Swedish Cases.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to present to lawyers outside Sweden an introduction to Private International Law as applied in Sweden. As in the original Swedish version, (Internationell Privatriitt. Metod och Material, Stockholm 1962), emphazis is put on the structure and func­ tioning of conflict law, and the book does not attempt to present a comprehensive survey of Swedish conflict rules. A resume of these rules has, however, been included in the English edition. The author wants to express his thanks to those who have helped to make possible the publication of this book. Generous support was given by the Swedish State Council for Social Science Research. Dr. Stig Stromholm, Uppsala, prepared the translation into English of the original Swedish text. Some alterations were subsequently made in the, English version, including minor deletions of material which had ap­ peared in the Swedish original and the addition of some new material, including the whole of present chapter IV. The English text as a whole was finally revised by the author with the help, in the case of chapters I, IV, V and part of chapter II, of Mrs. Helen Moats Eek (Ph. D. , University of Chicago) and, in the case of chapter III and part of chapter II, of Mr. Richard Cox (B. Sc. Econ (Hons. ), F. R. Econ. Soc. ). Valua:ble assistance, particularly in the preparation of the bibliography and the index, was given also by Mr. Lars Lindgren (LL.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction§ 1. Basis and Function of Private International Law. Terminology -- § 2. The History of Private International Law in Sweden -- § 3. Sources of Swedish Private International Law -- II. The Material -- § 4. General Observations on the Nature of the Material -- § 5. External Substantive Rules -- § 6. The Choice of Law Rules -- § 7. Foreign Law -- III. How the Material is used -- § 8. General Remarks. The Stages of an International Action -- § 9. The Choice of Law -- § 10. The Applicable Law (lex causae) 186 Enquiry into the Rules of the lex causae -- § 11. Refusal to Apply the lex causae -- § 12. The Decision -- IV. The Swedish Conflict Rules - A Résumé -- § 13. The Personal Law -- § 14. Family Law. Inheritance -- § 15. Property Law -- V. Conflict Avoidance -- § 16. An Excursus -- Table of Swedish Cases.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401759502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 516 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Strafrechtelijke en Criminologische Onderzoekingen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401507202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I — Interim Protection in Procedural Science -- (a) Substantive and procedural norms -- (b) Character and content of procedural norms -- (c) Remedies pendente lite distinguished from similar legal institutions -- (d) Types of measures pendente lite -- (e) Application in international law -- II — Interim Protection in Internal Law -- (a) Roman and mediaeval law -- (b) Modern legislations -- III — Interim Protection in International Law -- (a) International law as part of the law of the land -- (b) Express treaty provisions -- (c) Interim protection in the absence of express norms -- Annexes.
    Description / Table of Contents: I - Interim Protection in Procedural Science(a) Substantive and procedural norms -- (b) Character and content of procedural norms -- (c) Remedies pendente lite distinguished from similar legal institutions -- (d) Types of measures pendente lite -- (e) Application in international law -- II - Interim Protection in Internal Law -- (a) Roman and mediaeval law -- (b) Modern legislations -- III - Interim Protection in International Law -- (a) International law as part of the law of the land -- (b) Express treaty provisions -- (c) Interim protection in the absence of express norms -- Annexes.
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