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  • Online Resource  (674)
  • 1980-1984  (345)
  • 1975-1979  (329)
  • Philosophy (General)  (438)
  • History  (288)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475791914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 375 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Psychoanalysis ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 -- Sociobiology: Toward a Theory of Individual and Group Differences in Personality and Social Behavior -- Sociobiology and Differential Psychology: The Arduous Climb from Plausibility to Proof -- Sociobiology, Personality, and Genetic Similarity Detection -- Interaction between Biological and Cultural Factors in Human Social Behavior -- Group Differences, Genetic Similarity, and the Importance of Personality Traits: Reply to Commentators -- 2 -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory -- The Biological Origins of Psychological Phenomena -- Structure, Function, and Meaning -- The Heuristic Value of Freud -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- The Nature and Challenge of Teleological Psychological Theory -- Teleology Is Secondary to Theoretical Understanding in the Moral Realm -- On Reasons and Causes -- Ours Is to Reason Why -- Precedents and Professors—The Struggle Over Common Ground: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- The Hypotheses Quotient: A Quantitative Estimation of the Testability of a Theory -- Logic and Psycho-logic of Science -- Sound Theories and Theory Soundings -- ... But Discretion Were the Better Part of Valor -- The Hypotheses Quotient: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- What Is Necessarily True in Psychology? -- What Is Remarkable in Psychology? -- On the Limitations of Commonsense Psychology -- It Ain’t Necessarily So -- Psychology Cannot Take Leave of Common Sense: Reply to Commentators -- 6 -- Interactionism and the Person × Situation Debate: A Theoretical Perspective -- Theoretical Divergences in the Person-Situation Debate: An Alternative Perspective -- Persons, Situations, Interactions, and the Future of Personality -- Interactionism and Achievement Theory -- Interactionism and Control Theory -- Objectives and Questions in Personality Research: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Abstract: As such things happen, several manuscripts in the present volume were under review prior to the ones that appeared in Volume I of the Annals. A major difficulty encountered in the preparation of these volumes­ apart from working up to three years in advance of publication-is elic­ iting appropriate commentary. If this format is to succeed, the com­ mentary must be both engaging to the reader and satisfying to the author. It is not yet clear how successful we have been in this regard and, indeed, we do not feel bound to publish commentary with each manuscript that is accepted for publication. Nevertheless, we do invite readers' commentaries on published materials. The contributions by Jan Smedslund and Benjamin Wolman in this volume have been through an inordinately long publication lag. We have been in receipt of both manuscripts since early in 1981 and Dr. Smedslund, especially, has since clarified and advanced his views else­ where in print. K. B. Madsen and Joseph Rychlak submitted their man­ uscripts in the fall of 1981 while Michael Hyland and J. Philippe Rushton had first drafts of their manuscripts accepted for publication in the fall of 1982. We are grateful to our contributors for their expressed com­ mitment to the Annals and assure potential contributors that the delay in publication is a mere matter of getting the series off the ground.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781461326830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: One: Forms of Justice -- 1. Emerging Issues in the Social Psychology of Justice -- 2. The Multidimensionality of Justice -- 3. Fairness and Effectiveness in Predmeditated Helping -- Two: Antecedents of Justice Concerns -- 4. Catalysts for Collective Violence: The Importance of a Psychological Approach -- 5. Relative Deprivation and Equity Theories: Felt Injustice and the Undeserved Benefits of Others -- 6. On the Apocryphal Nature of Inequity Distress -- Three: Arenas of Justice -- 7. Justice in the Political Arena -- 8. Legal Justice and the Psychology of Conflict Resolution.
    Abstract: The importance of justice cannot be overstated. As one author has put it, "A better understanding of how justice concerns develop and function in people's lives should enable us to plan more effectively for institutional and other social change to deal with the problems that confront humankind" (S. C. Lerner, 1981, p. 466). The volume in which that statement appeared-an earlier one in this same series-was devoted to exploring the impact that dwindling resources and an increasing rate of change have had upon people's concern for justice. In contrast, the present volume places greater emphasis on the word under­ standing, as it was used in the context of the preceding quotation, than upon effective planning, social change, and ways of dealing with human problems. Nothing in that statement of purpose is meant to belittle the urgency of translat­ ing understanding into action, because the social significance of justice concerns is a major factor that has prompted the authors of the chapters in this book to do research in the area. Rather, this volume receives its emphasis from Kurt Lewin's famous dictum there is nothing so practical as a good theory. The need for good theory is ongoing, and these pages are dedicated to a search for new pathways toward better theory.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781468449044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 25
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Konferenzschrift 1982 ; Konferenzschrift 1982
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bloomington : Indiana University Press | New York, NY : JSTOR
    ISBN: 9780253069092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 429 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als French women and the Age of Enlightenment
    DDC: 305.40944
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1700-1800 ; Frau ; Aufklärung ; Women History 18th century ; Women Social conditions ; Women Social conditions ; Aufklärung ; Frau ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Frankreich ; Femmes - France - Histoire - 18e siècle ; Femmes - France - Conditions sociales ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / LGBTQ+ Studies / General ; Women ; Women - Social conditions ; Vrouwen ; Gender identity ; History ; Frankreich ; France
    Abstract: French Women And The Age Of Enlightenment presents a stimulating portrait of women at the most crucial and paradoxical moment in French and world history. Not until the present century have French women been as influential and prolific as they were in the Age of the Enlightenment...
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Columbia University Press
    ISBN: 9780231891158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306/.483
    Keywords: SPORTS & RECREATION / Sociology of Sports ; Social history ; Sports Social aspects ; History ; Sozialgeschichte ; Sport ; Geschichte ; Kultur ; Kultur ; Sport ; Geschichte ; Sport ; Sozialgeschichte
    Abstract: Studies the cultural history of sport in the lives of all people from before the Greeks to the late 1900's. Looks at the Greek influence to the pre-industrial high culture to sport in Europe, to the spreading to America
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 08. Jul 2019) , In English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 1984
    Series Statement: Princeton Legacy Library
    Parallel Title: Print version Crime, Madness and Politics in Modern France : The Medical Concept of National Decline
    DDC: 302.5/42/0944
    Keywords: Criminal justice, Administration of History 19th century ; Degeneration Public opinion 19th century ; History ; Deviant behavior Public opinion 19th century ; History ; Public opinion History 19th century ; Physicians Attitudes 19th century ; History ; France Politics and government 1870-1940
    Abstract: Main description: Robert A. Nye places in historical context a medical concept of deviance that developed in France in the last half of the nineteenth century, when medical models of cultural crisis linked thinking about crime, mental illness, prostitution, alcoholism, suicide, and other pathologies to French national decline.Originally published in 1984.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
    Description / Table of Contents: FrontmatterContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionChapter I. The Historical Study of DevianceChapter II. Criminal Law, Medicine, and Justice in the Nineteenth CenturyChapter III. Between MacMahon and Boulanger: Crime and the "Moral Order" of the Opportunist RepublicChapter IV. Heredity or Milieu: The Born-Criminal Debate and the Foundations of CriminologyChapter V. Metaphors of Pathology in the Belle Epoque: The Rise of a Medical Model of Cultural CrisisChapter VI. The Politics of Social Defense: Violent Crime, "Apaches," and the Press at the Turn of the CenturyChapter VII. The Boundaries of Responsibility: Asylum Law and Legal Medicine in an Era of Social DefenseChapter VIII. 1908: The Capital-Punishment Debate in the Chamber of DeputiesChapter IX. Sport, Regeneration, and National RevivalChapter X. Conclusion: Comparative Reflections on Great Britain and GermanyBibliographyIndexBackmatter.
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos
    ISBN: 9681204387 , 9681202538 , 9789681204389 , 9789681202538
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (volumes 〈1-7〉)
    Edition: 1a ed
    Edition: Online-Ausg. [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Print version Zavala, Silvio, 1909-2014 Servicio personal de los indios en la Nueva España
    DDC: 972.00497
    Keywords: Encomiendas (Latin America) ; Indians of Mexico Government relations ; Indians of Mexico Employment ; History ; Indians, Treatment of History
    Abstract: "Two more volumes of Zavala's extremely valuable work, organized topically as in the past and offering commentaries, digests, and descriptions of archival documentation, other primary sources, and pertinent secondary works. Each volume also includes documentary appendices, such as material related to the construction of Mexico City's cathedral (vol. VI, appendix C) and digests of documents held in the Municipal Archive of Saltillo and the Archivo del Ayuntamiento de Monterrey (vol. VII, appendix B). With these volumes, Zavala has extended his work to the point of Independence, and provided investigators in many specific specialties with a wonderful resource"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58
    Abstract: t. 1. 1521-1550 -- t. 2. 1550-1575 -- t. 3. 1576-1599 -- t. 4. Suplemento a los tres tomos relativos al siglo XVI -- t. 5. 1600-1635 (2 v. ) -- t. 6. 1636-1699 -- t. 7. 1700-1821
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : Centro de Estudios Históricos, Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9789681202743 , 9681202740 , 9681202740 , 9789681202743
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 pages)
    Edition: 1a ed
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2011 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Print version Falcón, Romana Revolución y caciquismo
    Keywords: Cedillo, Saturnino ; Cedillo, Saturnino ; Revolutionaries ; Political leadership History 20th century ; Revolutionaries ; Political leadership ; Political leadership ; Politics and government ; Revolutionaries ; Cedillo, Saturnino ; Mexico ; Mexico ; San Luis Potosí (State) ; México ; HIstoria ; 1910-1946 ; HISTORY ; Latin America ; Mexico ; History ; Mexico History 1910-1946 ; San Luis Potosí (Mexico : State) Politics and government ; Mexico ; San Luis Potosí (Mexico : State)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 279-288) and index , Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philadelphia : Temple University Press
    ISBN: 9781439917909 , 1439917906 , 0877223408 , 1439917906 , 9781439917909
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 304 pages)
    Series Statement: Women in the political economy
    DDC: 331.4/8870773
    Keywords: Labor unions Clothing workers ; Women clothing workers History ; Strikes and lockouts Clothing trade ; Labor unions ; Women clothing workers ; Strikes and lockouts ; Electronic books ; Strikes and lockouts ; Clothing trade ; Women clothing workers ; United States ; History
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ithaca : Cornell University Press
    ISBN: 9780801417092 , 1501726188 , 0801417090 , 1501726188 , 9780801417092 , 9781501726187
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (287 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2011 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Print version Baym, Nina Novels, readers, and reviewers
    DDC: 813/.3/09
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Book reviewing History 19th century ; Books and reading History 19th century ; American fiction History and criticism 19th century ; Criticism History 19th century ; Book reviewing ; Books and reading ; American fiction ; Criticism ; American fiction ; Book reviewing ; Books and reading ; Criticism ; Letterkunde ; Literaturkritik ; Rezeption ; Roman ; Livres et lecture ; États-Unis ; 19e siècle ; Livres ; Recensions ; 19e siècle ; Presse et littérature ; États-Unis ; 19e siècle ; Écrivains et lecteurs ; États-Unis ; 19e siècle ; Roman américain ; 19e siècle ; Histoire et critique ; Critique ; États-Unis ; 19e siècle ; Roman ; United States ; USA ; Europa ; Europa ; USA ; Criticism, interpretation, etc ; History ; Electronic book
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 277-280) and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios de Asia y Africa
    ISBN: 9789681202415 , 9681202414 , 9681202414 , 9789681202415
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 pages)
    Edition: 1a ed
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: Serie Fuentes para el estudio de China : historia, literatura y filosofía v. 2
    Series Statement: Serie Fuentes para el estudio de China v. 2
    Series Statement: historia, literatura y filosofía
    Parallel Title: Print version Dinastía Han, (202 a.c.-220 d.c.)
    Keywords: History ; China ; Han Dynasty (China) ; HISTORY / Asia / China ; China History Han dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D ; China
    Note: Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : El Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9789681202989 , 9681202988 , 9681202988 , 9789681202989
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 pages)
    Edition: 1a ed
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2011 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: Jornadas 105
    Parallel Title: Print version Velázquez, María del Carmen Notas sobre sirvientes de las Californias y proyecto de obraje en Nuevo México
    RVK:
    Keywords: Artisans History ; Artisans History ; Artisans ; Artisans ; ART ; Individual Artists ; General ; Artisans ; Diener ; Geschichte ; New Mexico ; Mexico ; Baja California (Peninsula) ; New Mexico ; History ; Baja California (Mexico : Peninsula) History ; Baja California (Mexico : Peninsula)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9789681202910 , 9681202910 , 9681202910 , 9789681202910
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Primera edición
    Series Statement: Jornadas 106
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Print version Martínez Le Clainche, Roberto ALALC/ALADI
    DDC: 341.24/5
    Keywords: Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración ; Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio ; Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración ; Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio ; Inter-American conferences History ; Latin American federation ; Inter-American conferences ; Latin American federation ; Electronic books ; Inter-American conferences ; Latin America ; History ; Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio ; Latin American federation ; Politics and government ; Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración ; Latin America Politics and government ; Latin America
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-186)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : El Colegio de México
    ISBN: 9786076283394 , 6076283394 , 9789681202576 , 9681202570 , 6076283394 , 9681202570 , 9786076283394 , 9789681202576
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 304 pages)
    Edition: 2. ed
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2011 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Print version Tanck Estrada, Dorothy Educación ilustrada, 1786-1836
    Keywords: Education, Elementary History 19th century ; Education, Elementary ; EDUCATION / Elementary ; Mexico ; Mexico City ; History ; Education, Elementary
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 273-290) and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    México, D.F : Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos
    ISBN: 9789681202538 , 9681202538 , 9681202538 , 9789681202538
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Primera edición
    DDC: 323.1197072
    Keywords: Indians of Mexico Government relations ; Indians, Treatment of History ; Indians of Mexico Employment ; History ; Encomiendas (Latin America) ; Indians of Mexico ; Indians, Treatment of ; Indians of Mexico ; Encomiendas (Latin America) ; Electronic books ; Mexico ; History ; Encomiendas (Latin America) ; Indians of Mexico ; Government relations ; Indians, Treatment of
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9780472127788 , 0472127780 , 9780472901746 , 0472901745
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 143 pages)
    Series Statement: Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies no. 51
    Keywords: Governors History ; Governors Biography ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / General ; Governors ; Politics and government ; Biographies ; History ; China Politics and government 1644-1912 ; China
    Note: Bibliography: pages 135-143
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press
    ISBN: 9781469656595 , 1469656590 , 9781469656588 , 1469656582
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 116 pages)
    Series Statement: University of North Carolina studies in the Germanic languages and literatures no. 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cross, Christa Wolf Magister ludens, der Erzähler in Heinrich Wittenweilers Ring
    DDC: 831/.3
    Keywords: Wittenweiler, Heinrich ; Ring (Wittenweiler, Heinrich) ; Narration (Rhetoric) History To 1500 ; Narration (Rhetoric) ; History
    Abstract: In this closely argued and admirably lucid study of the late medieval didactic epic "Der Ring", Christa Wolf Cross analyzes the dynamics of the narrator-reader relationship. Wittenweiler's narrator presents himself at times as the omniscient and methodical teller of his tale, an authoritative teacher in command both of his material and his audience, and at other points as a playful master who feigns ignorance, appears to mock his own versifying, and challenges the reader to become vigilant to an extraordinary degree and to recognize that he must judge independently what to accept as Wittenweiler's teachings. Cross's investigation leads her to propound new answers to a number of questions that have long perplexed Wittenweiler scholars. While she has much to say to other specialists, her study addresses itself not to them alone but to a larger audience of students of medieval literature as well
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-109) and index
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press
    ISBN: 9780691235400 , 0691235406
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 585 pages) , illustrations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Farriss, Nancy M. (Nancy Marguerite), 1938- Maya society under colonial rule
    RVK:
    Keywords: Maya ; To 1810 ; Mayas History ; Mayas Social conditions ; Acculturation ; Indians of Mexico History ; Indians of Mexico Social conditions ; Geschichte ; Kolonialismus ; Acculturation ; Indians of Mexico ; Indians of Mexico ; Social conditions ; Mayas ; Mayas ; Social conditions ; Social conditions ; Sozialgeschichte 1500-1820 ; Geschichte (1500-1821) ; HISTORY / Latin America / General ; History ; Historia da america - cultura (mentalidade) ; Indios ; Maias ; Mayas - Histoire ; Mayas - Conditions sociales ; Peuples autochtones - Mexique - Yucatán, Presqu'île du - Histoire ; Peuples autochtones - Mexique - Yucatán, Presqu'île du - Conditions sociales ; Acculturation - Mexique ; Mexico Social conditions To 1810 ; Halbinsel Yucatán ; Yucatán ; Maya ; Mexico ; Mexico ; Yucatán (State) ; Mexique - Conditions sociales - Jusqu'à 1810
    Abstract: A colonial regime -- Indian reactions and Spanish modifications -- A divided colonial world -- The elusive social bond -- Creation of the colonial community -- Snags and tears in the social fabric -- Population movements: the fraying edges -- Maya elites: the fixed center -- Survival as a corporate enterprise -- The cosmic order in crisis -- Maintaining the cosmos -- The second conquest.
    Abstract: "This is a study of the Maya Indians of Yucatan, Mexico, from late preconquest times through the end of Spanish colonial rules (ca. 1500-1820). It takes the form of an historical ethnography, which attempts to reconstruct the Maya world in as comprehensive a fashion as possible--by relating ecology and modes of subsistence to social forms and belief systems--and to trace changes in that world within the larger colonial context"--Preface
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 543-567) and index
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 14
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Science Philosophy ; History
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philadelphia : Temple University Press | Baltimore, Md. : Project MUSE
    ISBN: 9781439917923
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 372 p. :) , Ill.
    DDC: 305.4/890623
    Keywords: History
    Note: Includes index , Bibliography: p. [357]-361 , Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München : Oldenbourg
    ISBN: 3486520814
    Language: German
    Pages: 180 S. , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Historische Zeitschrift N.F., 9
    Series Statement: Beiheft
    Series Statement: Historische Zeitschrift / Beiheft
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Vereinswesen und bürgerliche Gesellschaft in Deutschland
    DDC: 905
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Vereinswesen ; Verein ; Jahrhundert, 19. / Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft ; Jahrhundert, 18. / Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft ; Trade associations ; Germany ; History ; Associations, institutions, etc ; Germany ; History ; Middle class ; Germany ; History ; Nonprofit organizations ; Germany ; History ; Konferenzschrift 1982 ; Konferenzschrift 1982 ; Deutschland ; Verein ; Geschichte
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  • 22
    ISBN: 3110854309 , 9783110854305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 311 p)
    Series Statement: New Babylon, studies in the social sciences 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Understanding popular culture
    DDC: 306/.4/094
    Keywords: Popular culture History ; Folklore ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Cultural Policy ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Anthropology ; Cultural ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Popular Culture ; Folklore ; Popular culture ; Volkscultuur ; History ; Europe Religious life and customs ; Europe ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Introduction /David Hall --The learned and popular dimensions of journeys in the otherworld in the Middle Ages /Jacques Le Goff --The witches' sabbat : popular cult or inquisitorial stereotype? /Carlo Ginzburg --Sacerdote ovvero strione : ecclesiastical and superstitious remedies in 16th century Italy /Mary R. O'Neil --Popular Culture? Witches, magistrates, and divines in early modern England /Clive Holmes --Sin, melancholy, obsession : instanity and culture in 16th century Germany /H.C. Erik Midelfort --Popular culture and the early modern state in 16th century Germany /Gunther Lottes --We think, they act : clerical readings if missionary theatre in 16th century New Spain /Richard C. Trexler --Culture as appropriation : popular cultural uses in early modern France /Roger Chartier --Forms of expertise : intellectuals and "popular" culture in France (1650-1800) /Jacques Revel --On the use and abuse of handicraft : journeyman culture and enlightened public opinion in 18th and 19th century Germany /Hans-Ulrich Thamer.
    Abstract: Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (New Babylon, Studies in the Social Sciences)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780198020493 , 019802049X , 1280522941 , 9781280522949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (xviii, 561 p.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Williamson, Joel Crucible of race
    DDC: 305.896073075
    Keywords: African Americans History ; Southern States ; African Americans Civil rights ; Southern States ; Noirs américains Histoire ; États-Unis (Sud) ; Noirs américains Droits ; États-Unis (Sud) ; African Americans Civil rights ; African Americans History ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Ethnic Studies ; African American Studies ; African Americans ; African Americans ; Civil rights ; Race relations ; Rassenverhoudingen ; Noms ; États-Unis ; Noirs ; États-Unis (sud) ; Histoire ; Noirs ; Droits ; États-Unis (sud) ; History ; Southern States Race relations ; États-Unis (Sud) Relations raciales ; Southern States ; Southern States Race relations ; Southern States ; États-Unis (Sud) ; Relations interethniques ; Electronic books History
    Abstract: "Black/White Relations in the American South since Emancipation". Winner of the Parkman Prize of The Society of American Historians
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 523-553). - Description based on print version record
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    ISBN: 0873958594 , 9780873958592 , 0873958608 , 9780873958608 , 0585063796 , 9780585063799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (xiii, 311 pages) , illustrations.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: SUNY series in European social history
    Parallel Title: Print version French feminism in the nineteenth century
    DDC: 305.420944
    Keywords: Feminism History ; 19th century ; France ; France ; Feminism History 19th century ; Feminism History 19th century ; Feminism history ; Gender & Ethnic Studies ; Social Sciences ; Gender Studies & Sexuality ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Feminism & Feminist Theory ; Feminism ; History ; France ; Electronic books ; Electronic books History
    Abstract: The legacy of the past: patriarchy and resistance -- Roots of nineteenth-century French feminism: the image and reality of womanhood -- The Saint-Simonian vision: creating a new world order -- The birth of an autonomous women's movement -- Searching for direction -- Feminist activism during the Revolutionary upheavals of 1848-1851 -- La Querelle des Femmes of the second empire -- The reemergence of feminist activism -- Republican feminism.
    Description / Table of Contents: The legacy of the past: patriarchy and resistanceRoots of nineteenth-century French feminism: the image and reality of womanhood -- The Saint-Simonian vision: creating a new world order -- The birth of an autonomous women's movement -- Searching for direction -- Feminist activism during the Revolutionary upheavals of 1848-1851 -- La Querelle des Femmes of the second empire -- The reemergence of feminist activism -- Republican feminism.
    Note: Cover title: French feminism in the 19th century. - Includes bibliographical references (pages 281-302) and index. - Description based on print version record , Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-302) and index
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 95
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Intentional Approach to Ontology -- The Question of the Rationality of Social Interaction -- Time-consciousness and Historical Consciousness -- The Aesthetic Object as “Die Sache selbst” -- The Implications of Merleau-Ponty’s Thought for the Practice of Psychotherapy -- The Hidden Dialectic in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Time Structure in Social Communality -- Hegel’s Image of Phenomenology -- Phenomenology and the Phenomenon of Technology -- Piaget and Freud: Two Approaches to the Unconscious -- Husserl, Frege and the Overcoming of Psychologism -- Phenomenological Reduction and the Sciences -- Variations of the Transcendentalism -- The Identities of the Things Themselves -- Husserl’s Transcendental Phenomenology and History -- Marvin Farber’s Contribution to the Phenomenological Movement: An International Perspective -- Contributors -- Index of subjects -- Index of names.
    Abstract: The articles included in this volume originate from contributions to the International Conference on Philosophy and Science in Phenomenologi­ cal Perspecllve, held in Buffalo in March 1982. The occasion had been to honor the late Professor Marvin Farber, a long time distinguished member of the Department of Philosophy, State University of New York at Buffalo. and the Founding Editor of the journal, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Many of the papers were subsequently rewritten, expanded or other­ wise edited to be published in the series Phaenomenoiogica. The articles lIy Professor Frings and Professor Rotenstreich had not been presented at the conference, although they were originally invited papers. We regret that not all papers submitted to the conference, including com­ ments, could be accommodated in this volume. Nonetheless, our sincere gratitude is due to all participants who have made the conference a memorable and worthy event. nt of Philosophy, State University of New York at The Departme Buffalo, as the sponsor of the conference, wishes to acknowledge the grants from the Conferences in the Disciplines Program, Conversations in the Disciplines Program, and the International Studies of the State University of New York at Buffalo, as well as for a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. The International Phenomenological Society, with Professor Roderick Chisholm succeeding Marvin Farber as its president, co-sponsored the conference.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Life sciences.
    Abstract: I: Teleological Phenomena -- 1. Teleology and reduction: Preliminaries -- 2. Purposiveness and designedness -- 3. Relative purposiveness -- 4. Internal purposiveness -- II: The Kantian Endeavor -- 1. The Critical methodology -- 2. The quest for unity and the Critique of Judgment -- 3. The Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment -- III: Design in Nature -- 1. Is purposiveness designedness? -- 2. The empirical question -- 3. Two methodological objections -- IV: The Mechanism of Nature -- 1. Mechanism vs. vitalism, preformation vs. epigenesis -- 2. Reductionism in Kant -- 3. Kant’s anti-reductionism -- 4. The freedom of vital phenomena -- V: The Autonomy of Biology -- 1. Kant’s projectionism -- 2. Kant’s explanatory systematic unity -- 3. A natural dialectic -- 4. A noumenal question -- Appendix: Leibniz and the Second Analogy.
    Abstract: The most neglected sector of Kant's Critical Philosophy is his collec­ tion of remarks about biological phenomena in the second part of the Critique of Judgment, the Critique of Teleological Judgment. The reasons for this are numerous, but since in Kant, everything comes in threes, a three-fold collection will suffice. The Critique of Teleological Judgment itself is one reason. More than most of his writings, this segment of the Critical corpus suffers from what can most charitably be termed "mistakes of exposition. " In this part of the third Critique, it is commonplace to find sub-arguments in Kant's general position somewhere other than their logical niche. The result is that the general theme behind his remarks about living phenomena is obscured. This difficulty has done much to discourage even the most enthusiastic of Kant admirers from investing their time on this work. Secondly, in this century, until very recently, there has been little interest in philosophical questions about biology. Twenty-one out of thirty-one sections of the Critique of Teleological Judgment (sections #61 and 63-83) deal either directly or indirectly with issues of interest in the philosophy of biology. Finally, the Critique of Teleological Judgment has been placed among the last on that list "of writings thought to formulate Kant's Critical system. This is not merely because of its temporal position.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (548p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 171
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1: Philosophy and the Theory of Social Action -- I Scientific Realism and the Social Sciences -- II Theorizing about Social Action -- 2: Individualism and Concept Formation in the Social Sciences -- I Holistic Social Concepts -- II Conceptual Individualism -- III We-Intentions and Social Motivation -- 3: Theories of Action -- I Views of Human Action -- II Mental Cause Theory -- III Agency Theory -- IV Hermeneutic Theory -- V Arguments for and against Causal Theories of Action -- 4: The Purposive-Causal Theory of Human Action -- I The Fundamental Elements of the Purposive-Causal Theory of Action -- II The Structure of Single-Agent Action -- 5: The Structure of Social Action -- I The General Nature of Social Action -- II Simple Social Actions -- III Complex Social Actions -- IV The Acting of Social Collectives -- V Group Interests Revisited -- 6: Action Generation -- I Action Generation and the By-Relation -- II Action Generation and the Theory of Automata -- III Social Actions, Grammars, and Social Conduct Plans -- 7: Practical Inference and Social Action -- I Loop Beliefs and Practical Inference -- II Mutual Beliefs -- III The Replicative Justification of Social Beliefs -- IV Social Action and Practical Inference -- V Mixed Interest Games and Practical Inference -- VI Social Rules and the Scope of Social Action -- 8: Norms, Rules, and Social Structures -- I Social Norms -- II Social Rules -- III Similarity and Roles -- IV Social Structures -- 9: Social Interaction and Control -- I Acting in Social Relation -- II Overt Social Interaction -- III Covert Social Interaction -- 10: A Pragmatic Theory of Explanation -- I Explaining as Communicative Action -- II Emphasis -- III Understanding and Presuppositions -- 11: Proximate Explanation of Social Action -- I Explanation and Social Action -- II Teleological Explanation -- III Purposive-Causal Explanation -- IV Reason-Explanation -- V Explaining the Style of Action -- VI Understanding Action -- 12: Dynamic Explanation of Social Action -- I Explanation and Other-Regarding Utilities -- II Expected Utilities, Motives, and the Explanation of Social Action -- III The Nature of Dynamic Action Explanations -- 13: Functional and Invisible Hand Explanation of Social Action -- I Action-Functions and Functional Explanations -- II Invisible Hand Explanations of Social Action -- 14: Explanatory Individualism and Explanation of Social Laws -- I Explanatory Individualism -- II Explanation of Social Laws -- Notes -- Name index -- Index of Symbols, Definitions, and Theses.
    Abstract: It is somewhat surprising to find out how little serious theorizing there is in philosophy (and in social psychology as well as sociology) on the nature of social actions or joint act. hons in the sense of actions performed together by several agents. Actions performed by single agents have been extensively discussed both in philosophy and in psycho~ogy. There is, ac­ cordingly, a booming field called action theory in philosophy but it has so far strongly concentrated on actions performed by single agents only. We of course should not forget game theory, a discipline that systematically studies the strategic interac­ tion between several rational agents. Yet this important theory, besides being restricted to strongly rational acting, fails to study properly several central problems related to the concep­ tual nature of social action. Thus, it does not adequately clarify and classify the various types of joint action (except perhaps from the point of view of the agents' utilities). This book presents a systematic theory of social action. Because of its reliance on so-called purposive causation and generation it is called the purposive-causal theory. This work also discusses several problems related to the topic of social action, for instance that of how to create from this perspective the most central concepts needed by social psychology and soci­ ology. While quite a lot of ground is covered in the book, many important questions have been left unanswered and many others unasked as well.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400963757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 172
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Philosophical Analysis in Argentina -- I. Philosophical Analysis in Argentina -- Normative Knowledge and Truth -- Legal Principles and Legal Positivism -- Logic and the Hypothetical-Deductive Method -- The Limits of the Enforcement of Morality Through the Criminal Law -- On the Inconsistency of Meinong’s Ontology -- Meaning, Force and Explicit Performatives -- II. Philosophical Analysis in Mexico -- II. Philosophical Analysis in Mexico -- Existential Quantifiers and Guiding Principles in Physical Theories -- (Simple) Qualities and Resemblance -- Theory of Descriptions, Meaning and Presupposition -- Ethics and the Language of Morality -- The Private Language Argument -- III. Philosophical Analysis in Brazil -- III. Philosophical Analysis in Brazil -- Philosophy, Common Sense, and Science -- Decidability and Cognitive Significance in Carnap -- Natural Conjectures -- IV. Philosophical Analysis in Other Latin American Countries -- IV. Philosophical Analysis in Other Latin American Countries -- Popper’s Solution to the Problem of Induction -- On the Concept of Reason -- Appendix: Latin Americans Residing in the United States and Canada / Jorge J. E. Gracia -- Biographical Notes -- Index of Proper Names.
    Abstract: Historians of Latin American philosophy have paid relatively little attention to the development of philosophical analysis in Latin America. There are two reasons for this neglect: First, they have been primarily concerned with the forma tive period of philosophical development, in particular with the so called "founders" of La ti n American philosophy. And second. philosophical analysis did not become a noticeable philosophical trend in Latin America until recent years. True. a nunber of Latin American philosophers took notice of Moore. Russell. the members of the Vienna Circle and other important figures in the analytic movement qui te early. But these were isolated instances that lacked the sustained effort and broad base indispensible to make a serious impact in the development of Latin American philosophy. That has changed now. There are not only good numbers of philosophers who work within the analytic tradition, but also some journals and institutes dedicated to the analytic mode of philosophizing. It is. therefore. most appropriate to publish a collection of articles which would introduce the reader of philosophy to the most representative analytic material produced so far in Latin America. Indeed. it is not only appropriate. but also necessary. since most of the published analytic literature to date is scattered in various journals, sometimes of difficult access. Moreover, not all that has been published is representative of the best already produced and of the potential that the movement has in Latin America.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400964389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- 2. The Biological Background -- 2.1. Sociobiology as Biology -- 2.2. Principles of Genetics -- 2.3. Population Genetics -- 2.4. Selection as Preserver of the Status Quo -- 2.5. The Level of Selection -- 2.6. The Theory of Evolution -- 2.7. Sociobiology as part of Evolutionary Theory -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- 3. The Sociobiology of Animals -- 3.1. Aggression: The Ethological Viewpoint -- 3.2. What is Animal Aggression Really Like? -- 3.3. Evolutionary Stable Strategies -- 3.4. Strengths and Limitations of the Game-theoretic Approach -- 3.5. Sex and Sexual Selection -- 3.6. Parental Investment -- 3.7. Female Reproductive Strategies -- 3.8. Parenthood -- 3.9. Altruism -- 3.10. Kin Selection -- 3.11. Parental Manipulation -- 3.12. Reciprocal Altruism -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- 4. Human Sociobiology -- 4.1. Aggression -- 4.2. Sex -- 4.3. Parenthood -- 4.4. Kin Selection -- 4.5. Parental Manipulation -- 4.6. Reciprocal Altruism -- 4.7. A General Model for Human Altruism -- Notes to Chapter 4 -- 5. Normative Criticisms -- 5.1. Sociobiology as Reactionary -- 5.2. Does Sociobiology Support Virulent Capitalism? -- 5.3. Why Sahlins’ Criticisms About Ideology Fail -- 5.4. Sociobiological Explanations of Homosexuality -- 5.5. Is Sociobiology Sexist? The Minor Charges -- 5.6. Is Sociobiology Sexist? The Major Charge -- Notes to Chapter 5 -- 6. Epistemological Criticisms -- 6.1. The Problem of Reification -- 6.2. Sociobiology as Mystical Nonsense -- 6.3. Natural Selection as Social Exploitation -- 6.4. Is Sociobiology Unfalsifiable? General Considerations -- 6.5. Is Sociobiology Unfalsifiable? Particular Considerations -- 6.6. Is Human Sociobiology False? The Rise and Fall of Islam -- 6.7. Is Human Sociobiology False? The Problem of Daughters -- 6.8. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 6 -- 7. The Positive Evidence -- 7.1. The Direct Evidence: Problems with Testing -- 7.2. Successes and Reservations -- 7.3. The Question of Intelligence -- 7.4. The Causes Behind Intelligence -- 7.5. The Weight of the Direct Evidence for Human Sociobiology -- 7.6. The Argument from Analogy -- 7.7. Human Aggression -- 7.8. The Indirect Evidence for Animal Sociobiology -- 7.9. The Indirect Evidence for Human Sociobiology -- 7.10. The Plausibility of Cultural Causes over Biological Causes -- 7.11. Does Culture Leave a Place for Human Sociobiology? -- 7.12. A Biological-Cultural Compromise -- 7.13. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 7 -- 8. Sociobiology and the Social Sciences -- 8.1. Theory Change: Replacement and Reduction -- 8.2. The Replacement of Anthropology -- 8.3. Primitive War as Analysed through a Biological-Anthropological Compromise -- 8.4. Biologically Sympathetic Anthropology -- 8.5. The Formal Relationship between a Corrected Anthropology and Biology -- 8.6. Psychology: The Problem of Learning -- 8.7. Psychoanalytic Theory and the Explanation of Homosexuality -- 8.8. Economics -- 8.9. Sociology -- 8.10. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 8 -- 9. Sociobiology and Ethics -- 9.1. Why are we Ethical? -- 9.2. Evolutionary Ethics -- 9.3. Wilson’s Attack on Intuitionism -- 9.4. Wilson’s Moral Relativism -- 9.5. Can Evolution be Directed? -- 9.6. Sociobiology and the Direction of Evolution -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Afterword -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In June 1975, the distinguished Harvard entomologist Edward O. Wilson published a truly huge book entitled, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. In this book, drawing on both fact and theory, Wilson tried to present a com­ prehensive overview of the rapidly growing subject of 'sociobiology', the study of the biological nature and foundations of animal behaviour, more precisely animal social behaviour. Although, as the title rather implies, Wilson was more surveying and synthesising than developing new material, he com­ pensated by giving the most thorough and inclusive treatment possible, beginning in the animal world with the most simple of forms, and progressing via insects, lower invertebrates, mammals and primates, right up to and in­ cluding our own species, Homo sapiens. Initial reaction to the book was very favourable, but before the year was out it came under withering attack from a group of radical scientists in the Boston area, who styled themselves 'The Science for the People Sociobiology Study Group'. Criticism, of course, is what every academic gets (and needs!); but, for two reasons, this attack was particularly unpleasant. First, not only were Wilson's ideas attacked, but he himself was smeared by being linked with the most reactionary of political thinkers, including the Nazis.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 177
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. The Nature of Science -- 2. How is Philosophy Possible as a Science? -- 3. Notes on Popper as Follower of Whewell and Peirce -- 4. The Evolution of Knowledge -- 5. Scientific Progress -- 6. The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- 7. Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- 8. The Growth of Knowledge in Mathematics -- 9. Realism, Worldmaking, and the Social Sciences -- 10. Finalization, Applied Science, and Science Policy -- 11. Paradigms and Problem-Solving in Operations Research -- 12. Remarks on Technological Progress -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection brings together several essays which have been written between the years 197 5 and 1983. During that period I have been occupied with the attempt to find a satisfactory explicate for the notion of tnithlike­ ness or verisimilitude. The technical results of this search have partly appeared elsewhere, and I am also working on a systematic presentation of them in a companion volume to this book: Truthlikeness (forthcoming hopefully in 1985). The essays collected in this book are less formal and more philos­ ophical: they all explore various aspects of the idea that progress in science is associated with an increase in the truthlikeness of its results. Even though they do not exhaust the problem area of scientific change, together they constitute a step in the direction which I find most promising in the defence of critical scientific realism. * Chapter 1 appeared originally in Finnish as the opening article of a new journal Tiede 2000 (no. 1 I 1980) - a Finnish counterpart to journals such as Science and Scientific American. This explains its programmatic character. It tries to give a compact answer to the question 'What is science?', and serves therefore as an introduction to the problem area of the later chapters. Chapter 2 is a revised translation of my inaugural lecture for the chair of Theoretical Philosophy in the University of Helsinki on April 8, 1981. It appeared in Finnish inParnasso 31 (1981), pp.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789400962835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Anthropology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / On the Concepts of Health and Disease -- An Equilibrium Model of Health -- Comments on Pörn’s ‘An Equilibrium Model of Health’ -- On the Circle of Health -- Comments on Nordenfelt’s ‘On the Circle of Health’ -- Clinical Problems and the Concept of Disease -- Comments on Engelhardt’s ‘Clinical Problems and the Concept of Disease’ -- Health and Disease from the Point of View of the Clinical Laboratory -- Section II / On Definition and Classification in Medicine -- A Critique of Essentialism in Medicine -- Comments on Jensen’s ‘A Critique of Essentialism in Medicine’ -- Psychiatric Classification: The Status of So-Called “Diagnostic Criteria” -- Comments on Malmgren’s ‘Psychiatric Classification: The Status of So-Called “Diagnostic Criteria”’ -- Section III / On Causal Thinking in Medicine -- A. Causal Analysis -- Criteria of Causal Association in Epidemiology -- Comments on Ahlbom’s ‘Criteria of Causal Association in Epidemiology’ -- About Causation in Medicine: Some Shortcomings of a Probabilistic Account of Causal Explanations -- B. Causal Selection -- Models of Causation in Epidemiology -- On the Selection of Causes of Death: An Analysis of WHO’s Rules for Selection of the Underlying Cause of Death -- Disease from a Historical and Social Point of View: Some Remarks Based on the Needs of Preventive Medicine -- Comments on Larsen’s ‘Disease from a Historical and Social Point of View’ -- The Causal Basis of the Current Disease Classification -- Comments on Wulff’s ‘The Causal Basis of the Current Disease Classification’ -- What is a Genetic Disease? On the Relative Importance of Causes -- Comments on Hesslow’s ‘What is a Genetic Disease?’ -- C. Causal Explanation -- A Pragmatic Concept of Causal Explanation -- Comments on Sadegh-zadeh’s ‘A Pragmatic Concept of Causal Explanation’ -- D. Other Topics on Causality -- Holistic Medicine as a Method of Causal Explanation, Treatment, and Prevention in Clinical Work: Obstacle or Opportunity for Development? -- Causes, Effects, and Side Effects: Choosing Between the Better and the Best -- Notes on the Philosophy of Medicine in Scandinavia -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: On May 13-15, 1982, some 50 scientists and scholars - physicians, philos­ ophers and social scientists - convened at Hasselby Castle in Stockholm for the first Nordic Symposium on the Philosophy of Medicine. The topics for the symposium included (1) the concepts of health and disease, (2) classification in medicine, and (3) causality and causal explanations in medicine. The majority of the participants were Scandinavian but the symposium was also able to welcome four distinguished guests from other parts of the world, Professors Stuart F. Spicker and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., U.S.A., Dr Anne M. Fagot, France, and Dr Werner Morbach, West Germany. The latter represented Professor Kazem Sadegh-zadeh, who unfortunately was prevented from attending. One of the main purposes of this symposium was to bring together people in Scandinavia who at present work within the field of Philosophy of Medi­ cine. This group is still relatively small but is growing rapidly, and the scholarly activity has recently been notable. This fact is clearly demonstrated by the presentation of 'Philosophy of Medicine in Scandinavia' in the Appendix of this volume.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 64
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Remarks to the Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences -- The Scholar, the Liberal Ideal, and the Philosophy of Science -- I. The Sciences -- Conceptual Analysis and Scientific Theory in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature (with Special Reference to Hegel’s Optics) -- A Comment on Buchdahl’s Paper -- The Chemical System of Substances, Forces and Processes in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature and the Science of His Time -- Hegel and the Celestial Mechanics of Newton and Einstein -- The Hegelian Treatment of Biology and Life -- More Comments on the Place of the Organic in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature -- Hegel and the Organic View of Nature -- Hegel’s Philosophical Understanding of Illness -- On Hegel’s Significance for the Social Sciences -- Hegel’s Conception of Psychology -- II. Philosophy and Methodology of Science -- The Dialectical Structure of Scientific Thinking -- Is the Progress of Science Dialectical? -- Some ‘Moments’ of Hegel’s Relation to the Sciences -- Hegel’s ‘Deduction of the Concept of Science’ -- Theory and Praxis and the Beginning of Science -- The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science -- III. Dialectics and Logic -- Hegel’s Logic from a Logical Point of View -- The Dynamics of Hegelian Dialectics, and Non-Linearity in the Sciences -- Mathematical Dialectics, Scientific Logic and the Psychoanalysis of Thinking [Comment on Kosok and Gauthier] -- Comments on Kosok’s Interpretation of Hegel’s Logic -- Bibliographical Note -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: To the scientists and philosophers of our time, Hegel has been either a ne­ glected or a provocative thinker, a source of irrelevant dark metaphysics or of complex but insightful analysis. His influence upon the work of natural scientists has seemed minimal, in the main; and his stimulus to the nascent sciences of society and to psychology has seemed to be as often an obstacle as an encouragement. Nevertheless his philosophical analysis of knowledge and the knowing process, of concepts and their evolutionary formation, of rationality in its forms and histories, of the stages of empirical awareness and human practice, all set within his endless inquiries into cultural formations from the entire sweep of human experience, must, we believe, be confronted by anyone who wants to understand the scientific consciousness. Indeed, we may wish to situate the changing theories of nature, and of humankind in nature, within a philosophical account of men and women as social practi­ tioners and as sensing, thinking, feeling centers of privacy; and then we will see the work of Hegel as a major effort to mediate between the purest of epistemological investigations and the most practical of the political and the religious. This book, long delayed to our deep regret, derives from a Symposium on Hegel and the Sciences which was sponsored jointly by the Hegel Society of America and the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science a decade ago.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 173
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Linguistic Preliminaries -- II Actives and Passives -- III Reference -- IV Coherence -- V Hypostasis -- VI Knowledge -- VII Knowing How -- VIIII Various Uses -- IX Conditions -- X A Position to Know -- XI Analysis -- XII Skepticism -- XIII A Safe Position -- XIV Demons, Angels and Miracles -- XV Risk and Gravity -- Kreb’s Epilogue -- Notes.
    Abstract: THIS ESSAY was begun a long time ago, in 1962, when I spent a year in Rome on a Guggenheim Fellowship. That twenty one years were required to complete it is owing both to the character of the theory presented and to my peculiar habits of mind. The theory presented is a coherence theory of knowledge: the con­ ception of coherence is here dominant and pervasive. But considera­ tions of coherence dictate an attention to details. The fact of the matter is that I get hung up on details: everything must fit, and if it does not, I do not want to proceed. A second difficulty was that all the epistemological issues seemed too clear. That may sound weird, but that's the way it is. I write philosophy to make things clear to myself. If, rightly or wrongly, I think I know the answer to a question, I can't bring myself to write it down. What happened, in this case, is that I finally became persuaded, in the course of lecturing on epistemology to under­ graduates, that not everything was as clear as it should be, that there were gaps in my presentation that were seriously in need of filling.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: John Wisdom and the Breadth of Philosophy -- 2. What is there in Horse Racing? -- 3. Mr. Köllerstr#x00F6;m’s Dream: Enlightenment and Happiness -- 4. Wonders -- 5. Saints and Supererogation -- 6. Wisdom on Aesthetics: Superstructure and Substructure -- 7. The Art of Saying what can be Imagined -- 8. Our Knowledge of Other People -- 9. Psycho-Analysis and Philosophy -- 10. Discipline and Discipleship -- 11. The Scope of Reason: Wisdom, Kuhn and James -- 12. Generality and the Importance of the Particular Case -- 13. Universals: Logic and Metaphor -- 14. From Epistemology to Romance via Wisdom -- 15. Philosophy and Scepticism.
    Abstract: JOHN WISDOM AND THE BREADTH OF PHILOSOPHY hham Dhman 1. THE ESSAYS IN THIS VOLUME The essays following the two pieces by John Wisdom have all been written by philosophers who are former students or friends of Wisdom or who have a high regard for his work. Their contributions were all written with him in mind and to be discussed at a conference honouring his work. This conference was held in August 1983 at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which Wisdom has been a fellow since 1935. Wisdom is a master of discursive reasoning and one of his distinctive contributions in philosophy has been to examine its various forms and their interconnections, particularly the form it takes in philosophical inquiry and the way it advances our understanding there. His concern to bring out the links between all that is abstract in such reasoning and the concrete and particular is well known and represented in many of the essays in this volume. But Wisdom has also a deep appreciation of the kind of understanding that is advanced non-discursively. As he puts it in the first piece in this volume: However skilled a good critic 'I am sure that much of what makes "Hamlet" "Hamlet" will run between his fingers'. He has himself advanced our understanding on many questions in philosophy in this way, not simply by what he has said, but also by what he has suggested 'between the lines'.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789400960954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 Statement of the argument: Philosophical orientation and the theoretical framework for critique -- 1 Introduction: The statement of the overall argument -- 2 Rebuttal of the methodological criticism of the argumentative structure of the work -- 2 Philosophico-methodological reductionism: The alleged case against Culturology -- 1 Introductory statement of the argument: Culturology and the idea of a philosophico-methodological reduction -- 2 Systematizing the critique -- 3 Monistic-Systemic Perspectivism and the “crisis of Sociology” -- 4 A response to the Ellis—Skinner critique of the fundamental assumption of Culturology -- 5 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- 3 Theoretical reductionism and physicalist scientific unificationism: The case against -- 1 Introductory statement of the argument -- 2 The Weltanschauung of Physicalist Scientific Unificationism -- 3 Systematizing the argument: Sociobiology and PSU -- 4 Culturology, sociobiology and theoretical reduction -- 5 Unification without reduction; Philosophy without physicalism -- 6 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- 4 Causal-explanatory reductionism I: A philosophico-biological critique of Sociobiology -- 1 Introductory state of the argument -- 2 The theoretical foundations of the neo-Darwinist synthesis and an explanation of the theoretical structure of sociobiology -- 3 Towards a critique of Sociobiology -- 4 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- 5 Causal-explanatory reductionism II: The metaphysics of the selfish gene -- 1 Introductory state of the argument -- 2 The nature of the gene: Mendelian genetics, quantitative genetics and molecular biology -- 3 Beyond neo-Darwinism: The search for a new science of life -- 4 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- 6 Causal-explanatory reductionism III: Neuroendocrinological reductionism and the rationality of the foundations of feminist social theory -- 1 Introductory state of the argument -- 2 Initial outline of the (NECER) positions -- 3 The conceptual and biological background -- 4 A critique of the positions -- 5 Scepticism about sex-related cognitive differences -- 6 General conclusion: The state of the argument -- 7 Causal-explanatory reductionism IV: Ecological Sociobiology and cultural materialism -- 1 Introductory statement of the argument -- 2 Central theoretical presuppositions of Emlen’s Ecological Sociobiology -- 3 A critique of Ecological Sociobiology -- 4 Harris’ cultural materialism: An exposition -- 5 The case against Cultural Materialism -- 6 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- 8 Reductionism and cultural being: Beings, agents, mentalities, persons and societies in the universe -- 1 Introductory state of the argument -- 2 Culturology and models of human nature -- 3 Culturology, innateness and the human essence -- 4 Culturology defined and defended: Beings, agents, mentalities, persons and societies in the universe -- 5 Conclusion: The state of the argument -- Conclusion: The state of the overall argument of the work -- Appendix 1: Sociobiology and ideology -- Appendix 2: A critique of Alexander Rosenberg’s Sociobiology and the preemption of social science -- Notes.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789400965256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reflections on Change -- I. Historical Dimensions -- The Mechanical Philosophy and Its Problems: Mechanical Explanations, Impenetrability, and Perpetual Motion -- Ghosts in the World Machine: A Taxonomy of Leibnizian Forces -- The Notion of Experimental Physics in Early Eighteenth-Century France -- Some Pragmatic Aspects of the Methodology of Johann Heinrich Lambert -- Classical Wage Theory and the Causal Complications of Explaining Distribution -- Genetic Epistemology in the Context of Evolutionary Epistemology -- II. Conceptual Considerations -- Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- In Praise of Cumulative Progress -- Kuhn’s Critique of Methodology -- Scientific Discovery and Theory-Confirmation -- Meaning, Acceptance, and Dialectics -- Extraterrestrial Science.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 4
    Series Statement: Profiles 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Armstrong’s Theory of Perception -- Armstrong’s Causal Theory of Mind -- Armstrong on Belief -- Armstrong’s Theory of Knowing -- Armstrong on Universals and Particulars -- Armstrong on Determinable and Substantival Universals -- Laws of Nature: The Empiricist Challenge -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of D. M. Armstrong -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathe­ maticians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already out­ standing personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of pillJosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profes­ sion. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will sum­ marize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of Significant con­ tribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, re­ ferences to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401714808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Examining the Rights Tradition -- Rights and Borderline Cases -- Applying Moral Theory to the Retarded -- Joseph Margolis, John Rawls, and the Mentally Retarded -- Do the Retarded Have a Right Not to Be Eaten? A Rejoinder to Joseph Margolis -- The Rights of the Retarded -- Rights, Justice and the Retarded -- Section II / Respect and Labeling -- Respect and the Retarded: Issues of Valuing and Labeling -- Person Ascriptions, Profound Disabilities and Our Self-Imposed Duties: A Reply to Loretta Kopelman -- The World Gained and the World Lost: Labeling the Mentally Retarded -- Labeling the Mentally Retarded: A Reply to Laurence B. McCullough -- Section III / Theology and Philosophy of Religion -- Must God Create the Best? -- Parenting, Bonding, and Valuing the Retarded -- Responsibility for the Retarded: Two Theological Views -- Philosophical and Theological Perspectives on the Value of the Retarded: Responses to William F. May and John C. Moskop -- Section IV / Law and Public Policy -- The Legal Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons in Twentieth Century America -- Examining Legal Restrictions on the Retarded -- Who Speaks for the Retarded? -- Commentary on David J. Rothman’s ‘Who Speaks for the Retarded?’ -- Dilemmas in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit -- Health Care, Needs and Rights of Retarded Persons -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume offers a collection of writings on ethical issues regarding retarded persons. Because this important subject has been generally omitted from formal discussions of ethics, there is a great deal which needs to be addressed in a theoretical and critical way. Of course, many people have been very concerned with practical matters concerning the care of retarded persons such as what liberties, entitlements or advocacy they should have. Interestingly, because so much practical attention has been given to issues which are not discussed by ethical theorists, they offer a rare opportunity to evaluate ethical theories themselves. That is, certain theories which appear convincing on other subjects seem implausible when they are applied to reasoned and com­ pelling views we hold concerning retarded individuals. Our subject, then, has both practical and conceptual dimensions. More­ over, because it is one where pertinent information comes from many sources, contributors to this volume represent many fields, including philosophy, religion, history, law and medicine. We regret that it was not possible to include more points of view, like those of psychologists, sociologists, nurses and families. There is however, a good and longstanding literature on mental retardation from these perspectives.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789400961166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 104
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 104
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Religion. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I. Prehistory, from 1564 to about 1670 -- 1. Introductory; Pierre Viret’s ‘déistes’ at Lyon, and two characters in Bodin -- 2. The 1620s: Mersenne and the ‘poème des déistes’ -- 3. The absence of deistic ideas from 1630 to 1670 -- II. The later seventeenth century: precursors and definitions, from Saint-Evremond to Bayle -- 4. Saint-Evremond and the decline of fideism -- 5. The Utopian religions of Foigny and Veiras -- 6. Definitions and accusations, 1670–1700; ‘deism’ as a term of opprobrium -- 7. The Turkish Spy -- III. The first French deists, 1700–1715 -- 8. Gilbert’s Calejava: rational deism with Protestant overtones -- 9. Lahontan and Gueudeville: natural religion from Canada -- 10. The anti-Christian deism of the Militaire philosophe -- 11. The Examen de la religion and other clandestine works -- 12. Tyssot de Patot: types of deism and religious criticism -- IV. Deistic ideas in the early works of Montesquieu and Voltaire -- 13. Montesquieu: Lettres persanes -- 14. Voltaire: Lettres philosophiques -- 15. Conclusions -- Biography -- Literary allusions -- Religious attitudes -- Bibliography: 1. Manuscripts and published works discussed in the text as examples or precursors of deism -- 2. Editions, used for reference, of works by major authors -- 3. Secondary authorities, cited in the notes or of general interest for the subject; excluding works cited in the Appendix.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 31
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: One: A Brentanist Theory of Moral Judgments -- 1.1. The Theory -- 1.2. Grounds for Preferring the Brentanist Theory to the Standard Non-Cognitivist Theories -- 1.3. Grounds for Preferring the Brentanist Theory to the Standard Cognitivist Theories -- 1.4. Answers to Some Objections to the Brentanist Theory -- Two: The Ideal Observer Theory and Moral Objectivism -- 2.1. An Argument for Accepting the Ideal Observer Theory as a Standard for Determining the Correctness of Moral Judgments -- 2.2. Firth’s Version of the Ideal Observer Theory -- 2.3. My Characterization of the Ideal Observer -- 2.4 Three Versions of the Ideal Observer Theory and Their Implications for the Objectivity of Moral Judgments -- 2.5. Sermonette on the Importance of Empathy -- 2.6. Intuitionism and the Ideal Observer Theory -- Three: Relativism and Nihilism -- 3.1 Some Different Meanings of the Term ‘Ethical Relativism’ -- 3.2. The Definition of ‘Meta-Ethical Relativism’ -- 3.3. Some Necessary Conditions of One’s Accepting a Moral Judgment or a Moral Principle -- 3.4. Meta-Ethical Relativism and Nihilism -- 3.5. A Non-Nihilistic Version of Meta-Ethical Relativism -- 3.6. Conclusion -- Four: The Wages of Relativism -- 4.1. What Sorts of Attitudes and Commitments Presuppose a Belief in the Objectivity of Normative Judgments? -- 4.2. Causal or Psychological Connections Between Meta-Ethical Views and Attitudes and First-Order Normative Standards -- Appendix I: Nietzsche on the Genealogy of Morals -- 1.1. Nietzsche’s Claims Concerning the Genealogy of Morals -- 1.2. What Are Nietzsche’s Genetic Claims Intended to Show? -- Appendix II: Normative Relativism and Nihilism -- Appendix III: Hare’s Version of the Ideal Observer Theory -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: My interest in the issues considered here arose out of my great frustration in trying to attack the all-pervasive relativism of my students in introductory ethics courses at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. I am grateful to my students for forcing me to take moral relativism and skepticism seriously and for compelling me to argue for my own dogmatically maintained version of moral objectivism. The result is before the reader. The conclusions reached here (which can be described either as a minimal objectivism or as a moderate verson of relativism) are considerably weaker than those that I had expected and would have liked to have defended. I have arrived at these views kicking and screaming and have resisted them to the best of my ability. The arguments of this book are directed at those who deny that moral judgments can ever be correct (in any sense that is opposed to mistaken) and who also deny that we are ever rationally com­ pelled to accept one moral judgment as opposed to another. I have sought to take their views seriously and to fight them on their own grounds without making use of any assumptions that they would be unwilling to grant. My conclusion is that, while it is possible to refute the kind of extreme irrationalism that one often encounters, it is impossible to defend the kind of objectivist meta-ethical views that most of us want to hold, without begging the question against the non-objectivist.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400963313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 84
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Scientific Realism and Incommensurability: Some Criticisms of Kuhn and Feyerabend -- How To Be a Good Philosopher of Science: A Plea for Empiricism in Matters Methodological [Commentary on Burian] -- Feedback, Selection, and Function: A Reductionistic Account of Goal-Orientation -- Philosophy of Science 2001 -- The Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences -- Comments on Jost Halfmann’s ‘Dethroning of the Philosophy of Science: Ideological and Technical Functions of the Metasciences’ -- Philosophy of Science and the Origin of Life -- Sociobiology, Anti-Sociobiology, Epistemology, and Human Nature -- Substance and Its Logical Significance -- Tracking Down the Misplaced Concreton in the Neurosciences -- Does Popper’s Conventionalism Contradict his Critical Rationalism? Objections against Popper in German Philosophy and Some Metacritical Remarks -- How to Explore the History of Ancient Mathematics? -- Nature on Trial: The Case of the Rooster that Laid an Egg -- Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’ -- Toward the Vindication of Friedrich Engels -- Bibliography of the Writings of Benjamin Nelson -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This selection of papers that were presented (or nearly so!) to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science during the seventies fairly re­ presents some of the most disturbing issues of scientific knowledge in these years. To the distant observer, it may seem that the defense of rational standards, objective reference, methodical self-correction, even the distin­ guishing of the foolish from the sensible and the truth-seeking from the ideological, has nearly collapsed. In fact, the defense may be seen to have shifted; the knowledge business came under scrutiny decades ago and, indeed, from the time of Francis Bacon and even far earlier, the practicality of the discovery of knowledge was either hailed or lamented. So the defense may be founded on the premise that science may yet be liberating. In that case, the analysis of philosophical issues expands to embrace issues of social interest and social function, of instrumentality and arbitrary perspective, of biological constraints (upon knowledge as well as upon the species-wide behavior of human beings in other relationships too), of distortions due to explanatory metaphors and imposed categories, and of radical comparisons among the perspectives of different civilizations. Some of our contributors are frankly programmatic, showing how problems must be formulated afresh, how evasions must be identified and omissions rectified, but they do not reach their own completion.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961876
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 196 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Philosophical Situation: A Critical Appraisal -- 1: The ‘standard’ account of meaning -- 2: ‘Meaning variance’ and ‘incommensurability’ -- II. The Scientific Situation: An Historical Analysis -- 3: Faraday’s ‘lines of force’ -- 4: Maxwell’s ‘Newtonian aether-field’ -- 5: Lorentz’ ‘non-Newtonian aether-field’ -- 6: Einstein’s ‘field’ -- III. The Making of Meaning: A Proposal -- 7: Meaning in scientific practice.
    Abstract: Einstein often expressed the sentiment that "the eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility," and that science is the means through which we comprehend it. However, nearly every­ one - including scientists - agrees that the concepts of modem physics are quite incomprehensible: They are both unintelligible to the educated lay-person and to the scientific community itself, where there is much dispute over the interpretation of even (and especially) the most basic concepts. There is, of course, almost universal agreement that modem science quite adequately accounts for and predicts events, i. e. , that its calculations work better than those of classical physics; yet the concepts of science are supposed to be descriptive of 'the world' as well - they should enable us to comprehend it. So, it is asked, and needs tobe"asked: Has modem physics failed in an important respect? It failed with me as a physics student. I came to physics, as with most naIve students, out of a desire to know what the world is really like; in particular, to understand Einstein's conception of it. I thought I had grasped the concepts in classical mechanics, but with electrodynamics confusion set in and only increased with relativity and quantum mechanics. At that point I began even to doubt whether I had really understood the basic concepts of classical mechanics.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789400960831
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig Der Mensch und Sein Werk, Gesammelte Schriften IV 4-2
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig Gesammelte Schriften, Der Mensch und Sein Werk 4-2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Germanic languages ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aus Franz Rosenzweigs Arbeitspapieren zur Verdeutschung der Schrift -- Im Anfang -- Namen -- Er Rief -- In der Wüste -- Reden -- Jehoschua -- Richter -- Schmuel -- Könige -- Jeschajahu -- Register der Bibelstellen -- Register der hebräischen Worte -- Namenverzeichnis -- Verweise auf die für die Bibelübersetzung relevanten Briefe -- und Tagebuchstellen von Franz Rosenzweig -- Bibliographie der Werke Franz Rosenzweigs -- General Register.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789401715928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 282 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Symmetric Approach to Axiomatizing Quantifiers and Modalities -- The Knowing Mathematician -- “Conservative” Kripke Closures -- Frege, Le?niewski, and Information Semantics on the Resolution of Antinomies -- De Finetti’s Probabilism -- Probability Functions and Their Assumption Sets — The Binary Case -- Logic and Reasoning -- Paradoxes -- Referential and Nonreferential Substitutional Quantifiers -- Foundations for Analysis and Proof Theory -- Chameleonic Languages -- Relational Model Systems: The Craft of Logic -- Realizability and Intuitionistic Logic.
    Abstract: The more traditional approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology continue as well, and probably will continue as long as there are skillful practitioners such as Carl Hempel, Ernest Nagel, and th~ir students. Finally, there are still other approaches that address some of the technical problems arising when we try to provide an account of belief and of rational choice. - These include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which we can make sense of these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from all of these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by authors while they served as honorary visiting professors at the City College of New York or from conferences sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy of Science, Psychotheraphy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN PREFACE The papers in this collection stem largely from the conference 'Foun­ dations: Logic, Language, and Mathematics' held at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York on 14-15 November 1980.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400962682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (379p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- J. M. Boche?ski, the Teacher: A Personal Reminiscence -- The Critique of Marxist Philosophy: 1956–1981 -- II. Marx-Interpretation -- Karl Marx and Adam Smith: Critical Remarks About the Critique of Political Economy -- Marxism as History — A Theory and Its Consequences -- “All Powers to the Walking People.” Feuerbach as a Fourth-World Marxist -- III. Marxism And Methodology -- Philosophical Evaluations of Systems Theory -- Humanistic Interpretation and Historical Materialism: The Methodology of the Pozna? School -- Is the Planning of Science Possible? A Comparison of Western Philosophy of Science and Soviet Marxism -- IV. Soviet Marxism-Leninism -- The Present State of the Marxist-Leninist Core Belief in Revolution. What Remains of Basic Marxism? -- Soviet Philosophical Anthropology and the Foundations of the Human Sciences -- Technological Determinism and Revolutionary Class War in Marxist Thinking -- O. I. Džioev: A Soviet Critique of Structuralist Social Theory -- V. Marxism in Confrontation with Non-Marxist Thought -- Some Continental and Marxist Responses to Pragmatism -- Recent Soviet Evaluations of American Philosophy -- A. F. Losev and the Rebirth of Soviet Aesthetics After Stalin -- The Marxist Critique of Rawls -- Out From Under the Railroad Bridge: Sartre and the Soviets -- Doctoral Dissertations Directed by J. M. Boche?ski -- Bibliography of the Works by J. M. Boche?ski 1961–1980 -- Index of Names.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H. L. van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres d’Archives-Husserl 94
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 94
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Intentionality, Mentalism, and the Problem of Objective Reference -- Sense, Reference and Semantical Frameworks -- Intentionality, Relations and Objects I: The Relational Theory -- Intentionality, Relations and Objects II: The Irreducibility Theory -- Sense and the Psychological -- Intentionality: The Vehicle of Objective Reference.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401096126
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 92
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: One: Epistemology and Ontology -- Structuring the Phenomenological Field: Reflections on a Daubert Manuscript -- Phenomenology and Relativism -- Memory and Phenomenological Method -- “Plato’s Cave”, Flatland and Phenomenology -- Time and Time-Consciousness -- Two: Social and Political Life -- “Left” and “Right” as Socio-Political Stances -- A Phenomenology of Coercion and Appeal -- Phenomenology as Psychic Technique of Non-Resistance -- The Self in Question -- Existential Phenomenology and Applied Philosophy -- Three: Aesthetic, Ethical, and Religious Values -- The Good and the Beautiful -- The Retributive Attitude and the Moral Life -- Kindness -- The Phenomenology of Symbol: Genesis I and II -- Epilogue: For the Third Generation of Phenomenologists Contributing to this Volume.
    Abstract: by Wolfe Mays It is a great pleasure and honour to write this preface. I first became ac­ quainted with Herbert Spiegelberg's work some twenty years ago, when in 1960 I reviewed The Phenomenological Movement! for Philosophical Books, one of the few journals in Britain that reviewed this book, which Herbert has jok­ ingly referred to as "the monster". I was at that time already interested in Con­ tinental thought, and in particular phenomenology. I had attended a course on phenomenology given by Rene Schaerer at Geneva when I was working there in 1955-6. I had also been partly instrumental in getting Merleau-Ponty to come to Manchester in 1958. During his visit he gave a seminar in English on politics and a lecture in French on "Wittgenstein and Language" in which he attacked Wittgenstein's views on language in the Tractatus. He was apparently unaware of the Philosophical Investigations. But it was not until I came to review Herbert's book that I appreciated the ramifications of the movement: its diverse strands of thought, and the manifold personalities involved in it. For example, Herbert mentions one Aurel Kolnai who had written on the "Phenomenology of Disgust'!, and which had appeared in Vol. 10 of Husserl's Jahrbuch. It was only after I had been acquainted for some time with Kolnai then in England, that I realised that 2 Herbert had written about him in the Movement. The Movement itself contains a wealth of learning.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400960657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 884 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig Der Mensch und Sein Werk, Gesammelte Schriften III 3
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig Gesammelte Schriften, Der Mensch und Sein Werk 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zur Philosophie -- Das älteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus -- Vorwort zu „Hegel und der Staat“ -- Bücher über Hegel -- Paralipomena -- „Urzelle“ des Stern der Erlösung -- Das neue Denken -- Zum Werk Hermann Cohens -- Über den Vortrag Hermann Cohens „Das Verhältnis Spinozas zum Judentum“ -- „Deutschtum und Judentum“ -- in die Akademieausgabe der Jüdischen Schriften Hermann Cohens -- Über Hermann Cohens „Religion der Vernunft“ -- Hermann Cohens Nachlaßwerk -- Vertauschte Fronten -- Ein Gedenkblatt -- Zur Politik -- Die Sachverständigen -- Monarchie, Republik und Entwicklung -- Die Reichsverfassung in Krieg und Frieden -- Neuorientierung -- „Realpolitik“ -- Vox Dei? -- Cannä und Gorlice -- Das Kriegsziel -- Nordwest und Südost -- Die neue Levante -- Globus -- Zur Kultur -- Volksschule und Reichsschule -- Hic et ubique -- „Kämpfer“ -- Der Konzertsaal auf der Schallplatte -- Lessings Nathan -- Zu Lessings Denkstil -- Vorspruch zu einer Mendelssohnfeier -- Zum jüdischen Lernen -- Zeit ists -- Die Wissenschaft und das Leben -- Bildung und kein Ende -- Neues Lernen -- Eine Lücke im Bildungswesen der Gemeinde -- Das Freie Jüdische Lehrhaus -- Zur jüdischen Geschichte -- Das Wesen des Judentums -- Geist und Epochen der jüdischen Geschichte -- Jüdische Geschichte im Rahmen der Weltgeschichte -- Der Jude im Staat -- Liberalismus und Zionismus -- Der jüdische Mensch -- Zu Glauben und Denken -- Grundriß des jüdischen Wissens -- Glauben und Wissen -- Anleitung zum jüdischen Denken -- Die Wissenschaft von Gott -- Die Wissenschaft vom Menschen -- Die Wissenschaft von der Welt -- Aus dem Dialog mit Partnern -- Der Denker -- Ein Rabbinerbuch -- Apologetisches Denken -- Atheistische Theologie -- Die Bauleute -- Zu einer Stelle aus Martin Bubers Dissertation -- Martin Buber -- Zur hebräischen Sprache und Bibel -- Vom Geist der hebräischen Sprache -- Neuhebräisch? -- Zur Encyclopaedia Judaica -- Die Bibelkritik -- Die Schrift und Luther -- Unmittelbare Einwirkung der hebräischen Bibel auf Goethes Sprache -- Die Schrift und das Wort -- Zu einer Übersetzung und einer Rezension -- Die Bibel auf Deutsch -- „Der Ewige“ -- Das Formgeheimnis der biblischen Erzählungen -- Die Einheit der Bibel -- Weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung der Bibel -- Bemerkungen -- Hinweise auf Bibel- und Talmudstellen -- Personenregister.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 81
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 81
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One / Epistemological Foundations of the Dialectical Theory of Meaning -- I. General Logical Problems of Constructing a Theory of Meaning -- II. Categories of Objective Reality -- III. Symbols -- IV. Objective Experience -- V. Concepts and Other Categories of Thought -- Two / Analysis of Meaning -- VI. Meaning as a Complex of Relationships -- VII. Mental Meaning -- VIII. Objective Meaning -- IX. Linguistic Meaning -- X. Practical Meaning -- Three / Meaning and Communication -- XI. The Genesis of Signs and Meaning -- XII. General Definition of Meaning: The Interrelationships of the Individual Dimensions of Meaning -- XIII. Conditions of Effective Communication -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This prize monograph was a pioneering work among Marxist philosophers, East and West, twenty-five years ago. To our mind, the work would have been received with respect and pleasure by philosophers of many viewpoints if it had been known abroad then. Now, revised for this English-language editiJn by our dear and honored colleague Mihailo Markovic, it is still admirable, still the insightful and stimulating accomplishment of a pioneering philosophical and scientific mind, still resonating to the three themes of technical mastery, humane purpose, political critique. Markovic has always worked with the scientific and the humanist disci­ plines inseparably, a faithful as well as a creative man oflate twentieth century thOUght. Reasoning is to be studied as any other object of investigation would be: empirically, theoretically, psychologically, historically, imaginatively. But the entry is often through the study of meaning, in language and in life. In his splendid guide into the work before us, his Introduction, Markovic shows his remarkable ability as the teacher, motivating, clarifying, sketching the whole, illuminating the detail, Critically situating the problem within a practical understanding of the tool oflanguage.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400964969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 201 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Study in the History of Logic and Philosophy 26
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Notes -- Rules for Solving Sophisms, Chapter 5: On Maxima and Minima -- 1: Introduction and basic notions -- 2: Conditions under which limits exist -- 3: Rules for the choice of limit in each case. -- 4: Objections and replies concerning the general program -- 5: Objections and replies concerning the conditions under which limits exist -- 6: Objections and replies concerning the choice of limits -- Notes -- Treatise Concerning Maxima and Minima -- 1: The four-fold distinction -- 2: Exposition of the members of the distinction -- 3: Requirements for correct application of the division -- 4: Rules for choosing the correct part of the division -- 5: Doubts concerning what has been said -- Notes -- Tractatus de Maximo et Minimo -- Study -- 1. The nature of Heytesbury’s “De maximo et minimo” and his theory -- 2. The tradition behind the theory -- 3. The fundamentals of the theory -- 4. Conditions for the existence of a limit -- 5. The choice of limit -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Indices -- Index of names and topics -- Index of sophismata -- Scholars cited.
    Abstract: This book began with my edition of the anonymous treatise. A translation and notes seemed essential if the material of the treatise was to be understood. It then seemed that Chapter 5 of Heytesbury's Rules for Solving Sophismata, on which the treatise was based, should also be included. My translation of the Heytesbury treatise is based on a fifteenth-century edition, supplemented by readings from a few of the better manuscripts. (A critical edition from all the manuscripts, of which Chapter 5 will be mine, is now in progress under the supervision of Paul Spade, but only a few insignificant changes in the translation should be necessitated by the completed edition. ) An examination of related materials seemed reasonable, and these included Heytesbury's commentator Gaetano, as well as a chapter from a treatise by Johannes Venator (in an edition in progress provided by Francesco del Punta). It seemed unnecessary to publish Gaetano's and Venator's related works in this volume, but all their departures from Heytesbury and the anonymous treatise are noted here. I have not examined other works in the tradition in any detail. I owe a great deal to my teacher, Norman Kretzmann, not only as regards the edition and translations, but also as regards the notes, study and introduction. The referees of the typescript (to me unknown) made unusually thorough criticisms and suggestions to which I have paid close attention. The book is far better for my having done so.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789400964815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (688p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 176
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Law—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1: Theory of Science and Theory of Law -- Synopsis -- Recent Trends in the Philosophy of Science -- Legal Dogmatics as a Scientific Paradigm -- Paradigms in Legal Dogmatics Towards a Theory of Change and Progress in Legal Science -- Pragmatic Metatheory for Legal Science -- On Making Implicit Methodologies Explicit -- 2: Ontology and Epistomology in Legal Science -- Synopsis -- Ought, Reasons, Motivation, and the Unity of the Social Sciences: The Meta-theory of the Ought-Is Problem -- Legal Data. An Essay about the Ontology of Law -- Pluralis Juris -- Changes of Paradigm in the Law -- Legal Norms: a Transformational Approach -- Epistemology and Validity in Law -- Is Law a System of Enactments? -- The Concept of “Fact” in the Physical Sciences and in Law -- 3: Objectivity and Rationality of Legal Justification -- Synopsis -- Objectivity in the Social Sciences -- Objectivity and Rationality in Lawyer’s Reasoning -- Coherence in Legal Justification -- Paradigms of Justifying Legal Decisions -- Monism, Pluralism, Relativism and Right Answers in the Law -- Discovery and Justification in Science and Law -- Reasons and Causes in Connection with Judicial Decisions -- 4: Technical Rationality in the Law -- Synopsis -- Legal Rationality Among Different Types of Rationality -- Paradigms of Legal Research; Empirical Science and Legal Dogmatics -- Goal Reasons in Common Law Cases — Are They Predictive? -- Teleological Construction of Statutes -- Reason, Law and History -- The Rule of Law in Legal Reasoning -- 5: Some Special Topics Concerning Rationality and Legitimacy in the Law -- Synopsis -- An Ubiquitous Paralogism in Legal Thinking -- Power of Tolerance — On the Legitimacy of a Legal System -- Sir Edward Coke’s Legal Conservatism -- Popper’s Criterion of Refutability in the Legal Context -- 6: Criticism and Developments in Particular Areas of the Law: Property, Contracts, and Torts -- Synopsis -- Theory Choice and Contract Law -- Trends in Legal Science Relating to Contracts and Torts -- The Economics of Trade Laws -- 7: Interdisciplinary Bridges between Legal Research and Other Sciences -- Synopsis -- On Bridging the So-Called Gap Between Normative Legal Dogmatics and Empirical-Theoretical Social Science -- Towards an Interdisciplinary Theory of Law -- Legal Science and Hermeneutic Point of View -- Legal Theory and Social Science -- Integration Between Legal Research and Social Science -- 8: Analysis of Legal Norms and Juristic Propositions -- Synopsis -- Karl Olivecrona’s Theory of Legal Rules as Independent Imperatives -- Norms of Competence in Scandinavian Jurisprudence -- A Tentative Analysis of Two Juristic Sentences -- 9: Logical and Preference-Theoretical Structures in the Law -- Synopsis -- Automated Analysis of Legislation -- Rights and Practical Possibilities -- Requirements, Urgency, and Worth -- The Property Right of Sweden Today — Or a Requiem over an Outdated Way of Argueing -- List of Participants -- Index of Names.
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 30
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Does Suffering Serve Valuable Ends? -- 2 / The Cosmological Argument -- 3 / The Design Argument -- 4 / A Moral Argument -- 5 / A Modal Argument -- 6 / Is God’s Existence Logically Possible? -- 7 / Descartes’s Meditation V Argument -- 8 / Agnosticism -- 9 / God and Perceptual Skepticism -- Appendix / Two Arguments of St. Anselm -- Notes -- A Research Bibliography.
    Abstract: In this book, I discuss the question whether God exists, not as a Tillichian religious symbol, but as an actual person, albeit a person who is very different from you and me. My procedure is to examine arguments bdth for and against God's existence qua person and to assess their relative merits. I shall try to show that there is more evidence that God exists than that he does not. This position is, of course, rejected nowadays, even by most religious thinkers, who hold, for one reason or another, that evidence has nothing to do with religious belief, properly understood. My reply to these thinkers is simply to ask them to examine what follows. A useful companion to Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and the Appendix of this book would be Alvin Plantinga's The Nature of Necessity.l Though I avoid technical terminology wherever possible, those chapters presuppose an elementary understanding of 'possible worlds' discourse; and a clear and concise explanation of that terminology can be found in Chapter IV of Plantinga's book. Also, I use 'logical' throughout to mean what Plantinga means by 'broadly logical' on page 2 of The Nature of Necessity.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 464 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: Science, Speculation, and Logic -- Two: The Philosophical Analysis of Mathematics -- Three: Ambiguity and Analysis -- Four: The Origin of Dialectical Ambiguity -- Five: Theoretical Reason -- Six: On The Supposed Primacy of the Practical -- Seven: Philosophical Dialectic -- Notes.
    Abstract: The present book was written some twenty years ago but it has not lost its topicality, for it contains an important re-assessment of the relations of two main­ streams of contemporary philosophy - the Analytical and the Dialectic. Adherents and critics of these traditions tend to assurnethat they are diametrically opposed, that their roots, concerns and approaches contradict each other, and that no reconciliation is possible. In contradistinction Russell derives both traditions from the common root of the dissatisfaction with the arguments against speculative philosophy. These according to the author leave a lacuna - certain elementsof our Weltanschaaung have been removed, but they cannot be removed without replacement lest we have an incomplete world view, so incomplete in fact that it cannot be viable. According to Russell part of this vacuum is taken up by the analytical tradition but this tradition is not capable of taking up the remainder of it. That portion of the vacant space is however taken up by the dialectical tradi­ tion, which in turn cannot itself handle the whole of the problem. Thus the two reactions to the demise of speculative philosophy appear to be complementary in at least this sense. But the author goes further, for according to hirn the analytical arguments themselves clearly point to the emergence of dialectical problems, and the dialectical problems themselves need some such background to arise.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400962590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (788p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 165
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: to Volume II -- II.1. Basic Modal Logic -- II.2.Basic Tense Logic -- II.3. Combinations of Tense and Modality -- II.4. Correspondence Theory -- II.5. Quantification in Modal Logic -- II.6. Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic -- II.7. C. General Intensional Logic -- II.8.Conditional Logic -- II.9.Modal Logic and Self-reference -- II.10. Dynamic Logic -- II.11. Deontic Logic -- II.12. The Logic of Questions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The chapters in the present volume go beyond 'classical' extensional logic with respect to one important factor: they all include among the semantic constituents representations of so-called 'possible worlds'. The inclusion of such 'indices' has turned out to be the semantic mainstay in dealing with a number of issues having to do with intensional features of natural and artificial languages. It is, of course, an open question whether 'possible world' semantics is in the final analysis the proper solution to the many problems and puzzles intensional constructions raise for the logical analysis of the many varieties of discourse. At present, there seem to be about as many opponents as proponents with regard to the usefulness of having the semantics of intensional languages based on possible world constructs. Some attempts to come to grips with intensional phenomena which are not couched in the possible world framework are discussed in Volume IV of the Handbook. Chapter 1 is an extensive survey of the main systems of (propositional) modal logic including the most important meta-mathematical results and the techniques used in establishing these. It introduces the basic terminology and semantic machinery applied in one way or another in many of the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the most significant developments in (propositional) tense logic which can of course be regarded as a special kind of modal logic, where the possible world indices are simply (ordered) moments of time.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400961197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Comparative Studies in Overseas History 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Colonial cities
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: History ; Kolonie ; Stadtentwicklung ; Geschichte ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kolonialstadt
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Colonial Cities: Global Pivots of Change -- II: Case Studies -- 3. Central America’s Autarkic Colonial Cities (1600–1800) -- 4. Zeelandia, A Dutch Colonial City on Formosa (1624–1662) -- 5. An Insane Administration and an Unsanitary Town: The Dutch East India Company and Batavia (1619–1799) -- 6. Eighteenth-Century Calcutta -- 7. Cape Town (1750–1850): Synthesis in the Dialectic of Continents -- 8. Rio de Janeiro: From Colonial Town to Imperial Capital (1808–1850) -- 9. A Caribbean Creole Capital: Kingston, Jamaica (1692–1938) -- 10. Algiers: Colonial Metropolis (1830–1961) -- 11. Saigon, or the Failure of an Ambition (1858–1945) -- 12. Dakar, Ville impériale (1857–1960) -- 13. Bombay: From Fishing Village to Colonial Port City (1662–1947) -- III: Epilogue -- 14. The Colonial City and the Post-Colonial World -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Abstract: by ROBERT ROSS and GERARD J. TELKAMP I In a sense, cities were superfluous to the purposes of colonists. The Europeans who founded empires outside their own continent were primarily concerned with extracting those products which they could not acquire within Europe. These goods were largely agricultural, and grown most often in a climate not found within Europe. Even when, as in India before 1800, the major exports were manufactures, in general they were still made in the countryside rather than in the great cities. It was only on rare occasion when great mineral wealth was discovered that giant metropolises grew up around the site of extraction. Since their location was deter­ mined by geology, not economics, they might be in the most inaccessible and in­ convenient areas, but they too would draw labour off from the agricultural pursuits of the colony as a whole. From the point of view of the colonists, the cities were therefore in some respects necessary evils, as they were parasites on the rural producers, competing with the colonists in the process of surplus extraction. Nevertheless, the colonists could not do without cities. The requirements of colonisation demanded many unequivocally urban functions. Pre-eminent among these was of course the need for a port, to allow the export of colonial wares and the import of goods from Europe, or from other parts of the non-European world, in the country-trade as it was known around India.
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  • 56
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400960893
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Mathematics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ontology without Axioms -- Le?niewski’s Analysis of Russell’s Paradox -- Logic and Existence -- Le?niewski’s Calculus of Names -- On Le?niewski’s Ontology -- Ontology: Lesniewski’s Logical Language -- On Le?niewski’s Elementary Ontology -- Studies in Le?niewski’s Mereology -- On the Definition of Mereological Class -- Consistency of Le?niewski’s Mereology -- The Dependence of a Mereological Axiom -- Relation of Le?niewski’s Mereology to Boolean Algebra -- Index of Names.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400964990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 178
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Analytical Philosophy in Comparative Perspective: An Introduction -- We Are All Children of God -- The Syncategorematic Treatment of Predicates -- The Paradox of Naming -- Substance and Kind: Reflections on the New Theory of Reference -- The Easy Examination Paradox -- Models for Actions -- Some Problems Concerning Meaning -- Abstraction, Analysis and Universals: The Navya-Ny?ya Theory -- Psychologism in Indian Logical Theory -- A Speech-Act Model for Understanding Navya-Ny?ya Epistemology -- Some Epistemologically Misleading Expressions: “Inference”, and “Anum?na”, “Perception” and “Pratyaksa” -- The Pr?bh?kara Mim?ms? Theory of Related Designation -- Plato’s Indian Barbers -- Proper Names: Contemporary Philosophy and the Ny?ya -- Awareness and Meaning in Navya-Ny?ya.
    Abstract: We are grateful to the authors who wrote papers specially for this volume and kindly gave their permission for printing them together. None of these papers appeared anywhere before. Our special thanks are due to the first six authors who kindly responded to our request and agreed to join this new venture which we are calling 'comparative perspective' in ana­ lytical philosophy. In the introductory essay certain salient points from each paper have been noted only to show how 'com­ parative perspective' may add to, and be integrated with, mod­ ern philosophical discussion in the analytic tradition. Need­ less to say, any mistake, possible mis-attribution or misrepresentation of the views of the original authors of the papers (appearing in the said introductory essay) is entirely the responsibility of the author of that essay. The author apologizes if there has been such unintentional misrepresenta­ tion and insists that the readers should depend upon the orig­ inal papers themselves for their own understanding. For typo­ graphical problems it has not always been possible to use the symbols originally used by the authors, but care has been taken to use the proper substitute for each of them. Bimal K. Matilal ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: AN INTRODUCTION 1. The aim of this volume is to extend the horizon of philosophi­ cal analysis as it is practiced today.
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 79
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Creativity and Criticism in Science and Politics -- The Social Base of Scientific Theory and Practice -- Transcendental Realism and Rational Heuristics: Critical Rationalism and the Problem of Method -- How to Accept Fallible Test Statements? Popper’s Criticist Solution -- Logical Strength and Demarcation -- Xenophanes: A Forerunner of Critical Rationalism? -- The Social Roots of Modern Egalitarianism -- Explication and Implications of the Placebo Concept -- Analytic and Synthetic Philosophy -- Ethical Problems in Science Communication -- A Philosophical Conception of Finality in Biology -- The Justification of Scientific Progress -- Against Induction: One of Many Arguments -- The Problem of Ideology and Critical Rationalism -- Poincaré versus Le Roy on Incommensurability -- On Early Forms of Critical Rationalism -- Gerard Radnitzky: From Positivism, via Critical Theory, to Critical Rationalism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This remarkable collection of essays, diverse but united by the theme of critical reasoning, testifies to the attention and respect paid by the authors to the philosophical career of Gerard Radnitzky. We, too, greet Professor Radnitzky for his decades of intellectual labor devoted to the establishment of rational analysis of human problems. Not least of his concerns has been to understand what it is to be rational, to disentangle the apparently rational and the genuine, to separate dogma from justified belief, to cherish imagination while seeking its test. If Radnitzky has long been known for his careful elaboration of the spectrum of modem approaches to epistemology, those who have gathered to celebrate his work in this volume will also be widely known for their own writings on this matter of critical methodology. Their signposts (or are they warning lights?) will be familiar to thoughtful philosophers and scientists, and they appear as queries as we read these papers: the rational heuristic and the irrational heuristic? accepting the fallible? differing societies but one rational cognitive practice? accepting evidence which is placebogenic? choosing among the incommensurables? what remains of the logic of demarcation? purpose in nature? progress of science? rationality in politics? a humane reasonableness and a critical rationalism? Gunnar Andersson sets the focus well for the reader. We need not choose between dogmatism and relativism, he argues. And then he tells the political lesson: we might avoid both anarchy and despotism.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789400964549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (453p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 175
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: May We Identify Reduction and Explanation of Theories ? -- Restriction and Embedding -- Anomalies of Reduction -- Ontological Reduction in the Natural Sciences -- Explanation of Theories and the Problem of Progress in Physics -- Reduction, Interpretation and Invariance -- Reduction and Evolution — Arguments and Examples -- Limiting Case Correspondence between Physical Theories -- Contact Structures, Predifferentiability and Approximation -- Tangent Embedding — A Special Kind of Approximate Reduction -- A Logical Investigation of the Phlogiston Case -- Utilistic Reduction in Sociology: The Case of Collective Goods -- Intertheory Relations in Growth Economics: Sraffa and Wicksell -- Possible Approaches to Reduction in Economic Theory -- Why Language ? -- On the Comparison of Classical and Special Relativistic Space-Time -- Space-Time Geometries for One-Dimensional Space -- Quantum Theory as a Factualization of Classical Theory -- Classical and Non Classical Limiting Cases of Quantum Logic -- Bell’s Inequalities and the Reduction of Statistical Theories -- Name Index.
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400965225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 179
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: I. Physical time and the problem of its structure -- I.1 Introduction -- I.2 The order structure of time -- I.3 The topological structure of time -- I.4 The metrical structure of time -- I.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- II. The geometrical nature of physical time: parameter time and coordinate time -- II.1 Introduction -- II.2 Parameter and coordinate -- II.3 Parameter and coordinate time in Newtonian physics -- II.4 Parameter and coordinate time in Einsteinian physics -- II.5 The geometrical nature of time in quantum mechanics -- II.6 Translation of the space and time into the spacetime formalism and vice versa -- II.7 The geometrical nature of time and dynamics -- II.8 Parameter versus coordinate time in the study of time; some philosophical issues -- Notes -- III. Time asymmetry -- III.1 Arrow of time: time asymmetry and time flow -- III.2 Time asymmetry -- III.3 (Ir)reversibility and the time reversal operator T* -- III.4 Time asymmetry and temporal orientability -- Notes -- IV. Thermodynamical time asymmetry and the second law of phenomenological thermodynamics -- IV. 1 Introduction -- IV. 2 The mechanical program -- IV. 3 The thermodynamical program -- IV. 4 Discussion -- Notes -- Epilogue -- Name index.
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  • 61
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962361
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 44
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: First Investigation -- The Indicative Gesture as the Original Form of Consciousness -- Second Investigation -- Syncretic Language -- Third Investigation -- Marxism and Psychoanalysis — The Origins of the Oedipal Crisis -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Tran Duc Thao, a wise and learned scientist and an eminent Marxist philoso­ pher, begins this treatise on the origins of language and consciousness with a question: "One of the principal difficulties of the problem of the origin of consciousness is the exact determination of its beginnings. Precisely where must one draw the line between the sensori-motor psychism of animals and the conscious psychism that we see developing in man?" And then he cites Karl Marx's famous passage about 'the bee and the architect' from Capital: ... what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in the imagination before he erects it in reality. At the end of every labor process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the laborer at its commencement. (Capital, Vol. I, p. 178, tr. Moore and Aveling) Thao follows this immediately with a second question: "But is this the most elementary form of consciousness?" Thus the conundrum concerning the origins of consciousness is posed as a circle: if human consciousness pre­ supposes representation (of the external reality, of mental awareness, of actions, of what it may), and if this consciousness emerges first with the activity of production using tools, and if the production of tools itself pre­ supposes representation - that is, with an image of what is to be produced in the mind of the producer - then the conditions for the origins of human.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789400960749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig: Gesammelte Schriften 4-1
    Series Statement: Franz Rosenzweig Gesammelte Schriften, Der Mensch und Sein Werk 4-1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Religion (General) ; Germanic languages ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Vorwort -- Vorwort -- Die 95 Hymnen und Gedichte -- Gott -- Seele -- Volk -- Zion -- Verzeichnis der in den Anmerkungen angeführten Bibelstellen -- Namensverzeichnis.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789400962620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Spontaneity Of Life, Individualization, Beingness -- Harmony in Becoming: The Spontaneity of Life and Self-Individualization -- Toward a More Comprehensive Concept of life -- Confucian Methodology and Understanding the Human Person -- Heidegger’s Quest for the Essence of Man -- A Comparative Study of Lao-tzu and Husserl: A Methodological Approach -- II Human Faculties of Life -- Mind and Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy: A Historical Survey -- Transcendental Consciousness in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Life-world and Reason in Husserl’s Philosophy of Life -- Consciousness and Body in the Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty: Some Remarks Concerning Flesh, Vision, and World in the Late Philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Language, Consciousness, and Mind in Neo-Confucian Philosophy: The Crossbow Pellet -- Conscience and Life: The Role of Freedom in Heidegger’s Conception of Conscience -- III Life, Morality and Inwardness -- A Reevaluation of Confucius -- Conscience, Morality and Creativity -- Confucian Moral Metaphysics and Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology -- The Concept of Tao: A Hermeneutical Perspective -- Phenomenology in T’ien-t’ai and Hua-yen Buddhism -- Chinese Buddhism as an Existential Phenomenology -- A Critical Reflection on the Methods of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, and the Idea of Contextualization in Religious and Theological Studies -- IV The Locus of Art In Life -- The Tenets of Roman Ingarden’s Aesthetics in a Philosophical Perspective -- The Literary Work and Its Concretization in Roman Ingarden’s Aesthetics -- The Writer as Shaman -- A Glimpse of the Fundamental Nature of Japanese Art -- A Phenomenological Perspective of Theodore Roethke’s Poetry -- Virginia Woolf’s Theory of Reception -- The Aesthetic Interpretation of life in The Tale of Genji -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: To introduce this collection of research studies, which stem from the pro­ grams conducted by The World Phenomenology Institute, we need say a few words about our aims and work. This will bring to light the significance of the present volume. The phenomenological philosophy is an unprejudiced study of experience in its entire range: experience being understood as yielding objects. Experi­ ence, moreover, is approached in a specific way, such a way that it legitima­ tizes itself naturally in immediate evidence. As such it offers a unique ground for philosophical inquiry. Its basic condition, however, is to legitimize its validity. In this way it allows a dialogue to unfold among various philosophies of different methodologies and persuasions, so that their basic assumptions and conceptions may be investigated in an objective fashion. That is, instead of comparing concepts, we may go below their differences to seek together what they are meant to grasp. We may in this way come to the things them­ selves, which are the common objective of all philosophy, or what the great Chinese philosopher Wang Yang Ming called "the investigation of things". It is in this spirit that the Institute's programs include a "cross-cultural" dialogue meant to bring about a profound communication among philosophers in their deepest concerns. Rising above artificial cultural confinements, such dialogues bring scholars, thinkers and human beings together toward a truly human community of minds. Our Institute unfolds one consistent academic program.
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  • 64
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    Boston, MA : Springer
    ISBN: 9781489903723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Linguistics ; Language and languages—Style. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. The Language of Negotiation -- 2. The Courtroom Context of Plea Bargaining -- 3. Frame Analysis of Plea Bargaining -- 4. The Structure of Bargaining Sequences -- 5. Routine and Adversarial Justice -- 6. Descriptions and Assessments of Defendants -- 7. Modeling Sentencing Decisions -- 8. A Discourse System for Negotiation -- 9. Inside Plea Bargaining -- Appendix 1. Adapted Transcribing Conventions -- Appendix 2. The Frank Bryan Case -- Appendix 3. The Maria Dominguez Case -- Appendix 4. The Lucinda Smith Case -- Appendix 5. The Donald Cleaver Case -- Appendix 6. The Cliff Washington Case -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Negotiation is a ubiquitous part of social life. Some even say that social order itself is a negotiated phenomenon. Yet the study of negotiation as an actual discourse activity, occurring between people who have substantial interests and tasks in the real social world, is in its infancy. This is the more surprising because plea bargaining, as a specific form of negotiation, has recently been the center of an enormous amount of research attention. Much of the concern has been directed to basic ques­ tions of justice, such as how fair the process is, whether it is unduly coercive, and whether it accurately separates the guilty from the innocent. A study such as mine does not try to answer these sorts of questions. I believe that we are not in a position to answer them until we approach plea bargaining on its own complex terms. Previous studies that have attempted to provide a general picture of the process as a way to assess its degree of justness have neglected the specific skills by which prac­ titioners bargain and negotiate, the particular procedures through which various surface features such as character assessment are accomplished, and concrete ways in which justice is administered and, simultaneously, caseloads are managed.
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401707398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 160 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 174
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Although various sections of this work have been published separately in various journals and volumes their separate publication is wholly attributable to the exigencies of life in academia: the work was devised as and is supposed to constitute something of an organic unity. Part II of 'The Cow with the Subtile Nose' was published under the title 'A Creative Use of Language' in New Literary History (Autumn, 1972), pp. 108-18. 'The Cow on the Roof' appeared in The Journal oj Philosophy LXX, No. 19 (November 8, 1973), pp. 713-23. 'A Fine Forehand' appeared in the Journal oj the Philosophy oj Sport, Vol. 1 (September, 1974), pp. 92-109. 'Quote: Judgements from Our Brain' appeared in Perspectives on the Philosophy oj Wittgenstein, ed. by I. Block (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981), pp. 201-211. 'Art and Sociobiology' appeared in Mind (1981), Vol. XC, pp. 505-520. 'Anything Viewed'appeared in Essays in Honour oj Jaakko Hintikka, ed. by Esa Saarinen, Risto Hilpinen, Illkka Niiniluoto and Merrill Provence Hintikka (Dordrecht, Holland and Boston, Massachusetts: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1979), pp. 285-293. 'How I See Philosophy' appeared in The Owl oj Minerva, ed. by C. J. Bontempo and S. Jack Odell (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975), pp. 223-5. All the remaining parts are also forthcoming in various journals and volumes. I am grateful to Bradley E. Wilson for the preparation of the index.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 23
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Music ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Defining the Problem Situation -- The Mathematical Approach -- The Experimental Approach -- The Mechanistic Approach -- Contacts and Criticisms -- An Example From the Second Generation -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: The soul rejoices in perceiving harmonious sound; when the sound is not harmonious it is grieved. From these affects of the soul are derived the name of consonances for the harmonic proportions, and the name of dissonances for the unharmonic proportions. When to this is added the other harmonie proportion whieh consists of the longer or shorter duration of musical sound, then the soul stirs the body to jumping dance, the tongue to inspired speech, according to the same laws. The artisans accommodate to these harmonies the blows of their hammers, the soldiers their pace. As long as the harmonies endure, everything is alive; everything stiffens, when they are disturbed.! Thus the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler, evokes the power of music. Where does this power come from? What properties of music enable it to stir up emotions which may go far beyond just feeling generally pleased, and which may express themselves, for instance, in weeping; in laughing; in trembling over the whole body; in a marked acceleration of breathing and heartbeat; in participating in the rhythm with the head, the hands, the arms, and the feet? From the beginning of musical theory the answer to this question has been sought in two different directions.
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 177 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 170
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Nature, Culture, and Persons -- 2. The Concept of Consciousness -- 3. Animal and Human Minds -- 4. Action and Causality -- 5. Puzzles about the Causal Explanation of Human Actions -- 6. Cognitivism and the Problem of Explaining Human Intelligence -- 7. Wittgenstein and Natural Languages: an Alternative to Rationalist and Empiricist Theories.
    Abstract: viii choice and these include efforts to provide logical frameworks within which wecan make senseof these notions. This series will attempt to bring together work from allof these approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology in the belief that each has something to add to our understanding. The volumes of this series have emerged either from lectures given by an author while serving as an honorary visiting professor at The City Collegeof New York or from a conference sponsored by that institution. The City College Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology oversees and directs these lectures and conferences with the financial aid of the Association for Philosophy ofScience, Psychotherapy, and Ethics. MARTIN TAMNY RAPHAEL STERN TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITO RS' PR EFACE vii PR EFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii I. NATUR E, CULTUR E, AND PERSONS 2. THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS 20 3. ANIMAL AND HUMAN MINDS 42 4 . ACTION AND CAUSALITY 64 5. PUZZLES ABOUT TH E CAUSAL EXPLANATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS 83 6. COGNITIVISM AND THE PROBLEM OF EXPLAINING HUMAN INTELLIGENCE 101 7. WITTGENSTEIN AND NATURAL LANGUAGES : AN ALTERNATIV E TO RATIONALIST AND EMPIRICIST THEO RIE S 133 INDEX 163 PREFACE I have tried to make a fresh beginning on the theory of cultural phenomena, largely from the perspectives of Anglo-American analytic philosophy.
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400962286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 151 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Schutz’s Life Story and the Understanding of his Work -- The Well-informed Citizen: Alfred Schutz and Applied Theory -- Explorations of the Lebenswelt: Reflections on Schutz and Habermas -- Discussion of Wagner, Imber, and Rasmussen -- A. Schutz and F. Kaufmann: Sociology Between Science and Interpretation -- On the Origin of ‘Phenomenological’ Sociology -- Surrender-and-Catch and Phenomenology -- On Surrender, Death, and the Sociology of Knowledge -- The Provisional Homecomer -- Review Section -- Helmut R. Wagner. Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography -- Burke C. Thomason. Making Sense of Reification: Alfred Schutz and Constructionist Theory -- Helmut R. Wagner. Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-world: An Introductory Study.
    Description / Table of Contents: Schutz’s Life Story and the Understanding of his WorkThe Well-informed Citizen: Alfred Schutz and Applied Theory -- Explorations of the Lebenswelt: Reflections on Schutz and Habermas -- Discussion of Wagner, Imber, and Rasmussen -- A. Schutz and F. Kaufmann: Sociology Between Science and Interpretation -- On the Origin of ‘Phenomenological’ Sociology -- Surrender-and-Catch and Phenomenology -- On Surrender, Death, and the Sociology of Knowledge -- The Provisional Homecomer -- Review Section -- Helmut R. Wagner. Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography -- Burke C. Thomason. Making Sense of Reification: Alfred Schutz and Constructionist Theory -- Helmut R. Wagner. Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-world: An Introductory Study.
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401576888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 25
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Sociological Turn -- The Pseudo-Science of Science? -- The Strengths of the Strong Programme -- The Strong Program: A Dialogue -- Problems of Intelligibility and Paradigm Instances -- The Rational and the Social in the History of Science -- A Plague on Both Your Houses -- Two Historiographical Strategies: Ideas and Social Conditions in the History of Science -- The Role of Arational Factors in Interpretive History: The Case of Kant and ESP -- On the Sociology of Belief, Knowledge, and Science -- Scientific and Other Interests -- The Sociology of Reasons: Or Why “Epistemic Factors” are Really “Social Factors”.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400963153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 573 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 18
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Aesthetic Enjoyment and Poetic Sense. Poetic Sense: The Irreducible in Literature -- Movement in German Poems -- Why be a Poet? -- The Field of Poetic Constitution -- The Poet in the Poem: A Phenomenological Analysis of Anne Sexton’s ‘Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)’ -- Nature, Feeling, and Disclosure in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens -- “Fallings from us, Vanishings ...”: Composition and the Structure of Loss -- Poetic Thinking to Be -- From Helikon to Aetna: The Precinct of Poetry in Hesiod, Empedokles, Hölderlin, and Arnold -- What Can the Poem Do Today? The Self-Evaluation of Western Poets after 1945 -- Poetry as Essential Graphs -- The Shield and the Horizon: Homeric Ekphrasis and History -- The Myth of Man in the Hebraic Epic -- On Medieval Interpretation and Mythology -- The Epic Element in Japanese Literature -- A Long Day’s Journey into Night: The Historicity of Human Existence Unfolding in Virginia Woolf’s Fiction -- The Existential Sources of Rhetoric: A Comparison Between Traditional Epic and Modern Narrative -- Metaphor and the Flux of Human Experience -- The Literary Diary as a Witness of Man’s Historicity: Heinrich Böll, Karl Krolow, Günter Grass, and Peter Handke -- The French Nouveau Roman: The Ultimate Expression of Impressionism -- The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music: Claudel, Milhaud and the Oresteia -- Tragedy and the Completion of Freedom -- Hardy’s Jude: The Pursuit of the Ideal as Tragedy -- Values and German Tragedy 1770–1840 -- La Destinée de la tragédie dans la culture Islamique -- Toward a Theory of Contemporary Tragedy -- The Re-emergence of Tragedy in Late Medieval England: Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur -- Tragical, Comical, Historical -- The Denial of Tragedy: The Self-Reflexive Process of the Creative Activity and the French New Novel -- Tragic Closure and the Cornelian Wager -- Intuition in Britannicus -- Myth and Tragic Action in La Celestina and Romeo and Juliet -- Du désordre à l’ordre: le rôle de la violence dans Horace -- The Act of Writing as an Apprehension of the Enigma of Being-in-the-World -- The Truth of the Body: Merleau-Ponty on Perception, Language, and Literature -- Fiction and the Transposition of Presence -- The Structure of Allegory -- Literary Impressionism and Phenomenology: Affinities and Contrasts -- Phenomenology and Literary Impressionism: The Prismatic Sensibility -- Un modèle d’analyse dy texte dramatique -- The Problem of Reading, Phenomenologically or Otherwise -- Index of Names.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Umeå : Universitetet i Umeå
    ISBN: 917174133X
    Language: Swedish , English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 308 S., 12,85 MB) , Ill. , 25 cm
    Series Statement: Acta Universitatis Umensis 53
    Series Statement: Umeå studies in the humanities
    Series Statement: Umeå studies in the humanities
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Petersson, Birgit, 1935 - "Den farliga underklassen"
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Ume°a, Univ., Diss. : 1983
    DDC: 305.5/69/09485
    Keywords: Poor ; Sweden ; Public opinion ; History ; 19th century ; Crime ; Sweden ; Public opinion ; History ; 19th century ; Poor ; Sweden ; History ; 19th century ; Crime ; Sweden ; History ; 19th century ; Public opinion ; Sweden ; History ; 19th century
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 315 pages, 6 unnumbered pages of plates) , illustrations
    Edition: [Place of publication not identified] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Crummey, Robert O Aristocrats and servitors
    DDC: 305.5/2/0947
    Keywords: Elite (Social sciences) ; Nobility History 17th century ; Elite (Social sciences) ; History ; Nobility ; Politics and government ; Russia Politics and government 1613-1689 ; Russia
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 261-285) and index , Electronic reproduction
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9781400853779 , 140085377X , 9780691053622 , 0691053626 , 0691613664 , 9780691613666 , 0691053626 , 9780691613666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (380 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diefendorf, Barbara B . Paris city councillors in the sixteenth century : the politics of patrimony
    DDC: 305.5/2/0944361
    Keywords: Hôtel de ville (Paris, France) ; Hôtel de ville (Paris, France) Officials and employees ; History ; Sozialgeschichte 1535-1575 ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Minority Studies ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / General ; Elite (Social sciences) ; Employees ; Geschichte ; Elite (Social sciences) History ; Gemeinderatsmitglied ; Frankreich ; Paris ; Hochschulschrift ; Paris ; Gemeinderatsmitglied ; Sozialgeschichte 1535-1575
    Note: Print version record
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349171620
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 307 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: History ; Japan History
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349169900
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XLV, 433 p)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: History in Depth
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: History ; History, Ancient ; Great Britain History ; World history ; Europe
    Abstract: `An excellent selection of sources for the rebellion.' Bibliographies Handbook One of the most famous and dramatic episodes in English history, the great revolt of 1381 is still a largely unsolved mystery. The new edition of this lengthy and detailed collection of original documents provides a basic handbook to the story, significance and problems of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press
    ISBN: 140085377X , 9781400853779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 pages)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.]
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Hanley, Sarah [Rezension von: Diefendorf, Barbara B., Paris City Councillors in the Sixteenth Century] 1984
    Parallel Title: Print version Paris city councillors in the sixteenth century : the politics of patrimony
    DDC: 305.5/2/0944361
    Keywords: Hôtel de ville (Paris, France) Officials and employees ; History ; Elite (Social sciences) History ; Paris (France) Officials and employees ; History ; Electronic books ; Hochschulschrift
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press
    ISBN: 0313236119 , 9780313236112
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 228 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Blaisdell, Charmarie J. [Rezension von: Warnicke, Retha M., Women in the English Renaissance and Reformation] 1984
    Series Statement: Contributions in women's studies no. 38
    Parallel Title: Print version Women of the English Renaissance and Reformation
    DDC: 305.4/0942
    Keywords: Women Intellectual life ; Women History Renaissance, 1450-1600 ; Women Education 16th century ; History ; Women Religious life 16th century ; History ; Reformation ; Humanists ; England Intellectual life 16th century ; Great Britain History Tudors, 1485-1603 ; Great Britain Social life and customs 16th century
    Abstract: Warnicke has written an excellent monograph dealing with an inordinately neglected topic: the education of English women during the Tudor and early Stuart eras. ... Her approach, a generational one, is both perceptive and insightful.... She carefully identifies the women and discusses the reasons and nature of their education as well as their accomplishments. Equally masterful is her successful integration of the subject with the major historical--ecclesiastical, political, and social-- currents of the time
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction; 2 Women and Humanism in Early Tudor England; 3 The Pre-Reformation Generation; 4 Queens Regnant and the Royal Supremacy, 1525-1587; 5 Religious Persecution, 1533-1558; 6 The Reformation Generation; 7 The Mid-Elizabethan Generation; 8 Elizabethan Reformers; 9 The Catholic Women of Elizabethan England; 10 The Jacobean Generation; 11 Summary and Conclusion; Bibliographical Essay; Index;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press
    ISBN: 0691046581 , 0691198136 , 9780691046587 , 9780691198132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 pages)
    Series Statement: Fourth Charles Edmondson historical lectures
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McNeill, William Hardy, 1917- Great frontier
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social history ; Frontier and pioneer life ; Emigration and immigration History ; Social classes ; Labor supply ; Equality ; Employment (Economic theory) ; Social Conditions ; Social Class ; Employment ; Geschichte ; Kolonialismus ; Frontier ; USA ; USA ; Electronic books ; Emigration and immigration ; Equality ; Frontier and pioneer life ; Labor supply ; Social classes ; Social history ; HISTORY / United States / State & Local / General ; HISTORY / General ; United States ; History ; Emploi ; Histoire sociale ; Vie des pionniers - États-Unis ; Émigration et immigration - Histoire ; Classes sociales ; Marché du travail ; Social classes ; Social history ; Égalité (Sociologie) ; employing ; American civilization, to 1980
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , English
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kingston, Ont : McGill-Queen's University Press
    ISBN: 9780773560819 , 0773560815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (xvi, 203 p.) , ill., maps, plans.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Francis, Daniel Partners in furs
    Keywords: Hudson's Bay Company History ; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson Histoire ; Hudson's Bay Company ; Hudson's Bay Company History ; Hudson's Bay Company ; Fur trade History ; James Bay Region (Ont. and Quebec) ; Indians of North America Commerce ; James Bay Region (Ont. and Quebec) ; Algonquian Indians Commerce ; Algonquian Indians Commerce ; Fourrures Commerce ; Histoire ; James, Région de la baie ; Indiens d'Amérique Piégeage ; James, Région de la baie ; James Bay (Ost) ; Canada ; James Bay Region ; Indians of North America Commerce ; Fur trade History ; Algonquian Indians Commerce ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Commerce ; HISTORY ; North America ; Algonquian Indians ; Commerce ; Fur trade ; Indians of North America ; Commerce ; Pelzhandel ; Business & Economics ; Industries ; Geschichte (1600-1870) ; Indians of North America ; Québec (Province) ; James Bay Region ; Trapping ; Fur trade ; Québec (Province) ; James Bay Region ; History ; Algonquian Indians ; History ; Canada ; James Bay Region ; James Bay ; Ost ; Canada, Québec ; Native races ; Canada, Québec ; History ; Canada, Québec ; Business records and commerce ; Canada, Québec ; Occupations ; Electronic books ; Electronic books History
    Abstract: An investigation of the effects of the fur trade on the social patterns of the Algonquian peoples living in the eastern James Bay region from 1600 to 1870
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [175]-189) and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9791035104436 , 9782859440602
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Series Statement: Homme et société
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: In the 19th century, industrialisation and the systematic elaboration of educational policies were two concomitant phenomena; however, only the former is analysed usually in its international dimensions. For educational policies have until now been scarcely considered except front within a strictly national context, aiming to produce stereotypes and perpetuate myths firmly embedded in the collective consciousness of each individual country. In fact, these policies have assumed a supra-national character which urgently calls for a comparative approach. Only a just appreciation of the different factors - national and supra-national - and of the motivations both inside and outside the educational sector, will allow us to understand the conditions of their evolution and their chances of survival in the future. The selection of papers that are to be found in this book - papers presented at the Sevres International Conference on the occasion of the centinary of the French educational laws - wishes to help in the unravelling of this entanglement of factors, making the reader aware of what, in his intellectual and moral education, binds him to his own nation and what it is that makes him the citizen of a wider educational community
    Note: French
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  • 81
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    Online Resource
    Philadelphia : Temple University Press
    ISBN: 9781439917985 , 1439917981 , 0877223254 , 1439917981 , 9781439917985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 233 p)
    Keywords: Labor History ; Class consciousness History ; Copper miners History ; Labor ; Class consciousness ; Copper miners ; Electronic books ; Copper miners ; Labor ; HISTORY / Social History ; Zambia ; History ; Class consciousness
    Note: Bibliography: p. 213-223 , Includes index
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philadelphia : Temple University Press
    ISBN: 0877223084 , 0877223084
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 318 pages)
    Series Statement: Class and culture
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Work, community, and power
    DDC: 331/.094
    Keywords: Working class History 20th century ; Working class History 20th century ; Working class ; Working class ; Electronic books ; United States ; Europe ; Working class ; History
    Abstract: The first quarter of the twentieth century was perhaps the most dramatic and consequential period for the international working class. Corporate control was consolidated and centralized. The workplace began to be extensively reorganized by Taylorist and later Fordist methods. Revolutions, factory occupations, and new forms of workers' control and industrial democracy followed in the wake of World War I. Revolutionary industrial unionism challenged previous organizations, and new communist parties contended with Social Democracy for the political allegiance of the working classes. In this crucible of struggle and social transformation, many of the most influential political and social theories were forged: not only those of Lenin and Kautsky, but also Gramsci and Lukacs, Korsch and Austro-Maxism, Michel and Weber. The meaning of both democracy and socialism has remained contested ever since. The comparative and case studies in this collection offer a major reinterpretation of this crucial period in working class history in the United States, Europe, and Soviet Russia. They combine recent interests of historians and social scientists in the labor process, social history "from the bottom up," the mobilization of social movements, the world system and international state competition with more traditional concerns about organization, theory and politics.
    Abstract: Rethinking the legacy of labor, 1890-1925 ; Labor insurgency and class formation / James E. Cronin -- The one big union in international perspective / Larry Peterson -- New tendencies in union struggles and strategies in Europe and the United States, 1916-1922 / David Montgomery -- Workers and revolution in Germany, 1918-1919 / Mary Nolan -- Redefining workers' control / Gary Cross -- The "new unionism" and the "new economic policy" / Steve Fraser -- Abortive reform / Melvyn Dubofsky -- The democratization of Russia's railroads in 1917 / William G. Rosenberg -- Workers' Control in Europe / Carmen Sirianni
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 83
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    Online Resource
    Philadelphia : Temple University Press | Baltimore, Md. : Project MUSE
    ISBN: 9781439917626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 299 p. )
    DDC: 304.8/44
    Keywords: History
    Note: Includes index , Bibliography: p. [277]-289 , Description based on print version record
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    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 84
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: 〈P〉Aleksej Fedorovič Losev zählt zu den bedeutendsten russischen Philosophen und Philologen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Wie sein gesamtes Frühwerk der 10er und 20er Jahre ist auch Losevs Theorie der künstlerischen Form wesentlich durch seine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Weltverständnis der Antike bestimmt. In seinen zahlreichen philosophie-historischen, philologisch fundierten Studien zu Texten Platons, Aristoteles, sowie Plotins und Proklos galt das Hauptaugenmerk des russischen Gelehrten der Tradition des Neuplatonismus. Das Schriftenverzeichnis von A. F. Losev weist bis heute an die 400 Positionen auf, darunter etwa 30 Buchtitel. Text in kyrillischer Schrift Bibliografie S. XI, in kyrillischer Schrift. Durchsuchbare elektronische Faksimileausgabe als PDF. Digitalisiert im Rahmen des DFG-Projektes Digi20 in Kooperation mit der BSB München. OCR-Bearbeitung durch den Verlag Otto Sagner.〈/P〉
    Note: German
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bern : Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Die 1972 von den Frankfurter Slavisten Olexa Horbatsch und Gerd Freidhof begründete Reihe Specimina philologiae Slavicae wird heute von Holger Kuße (Dresden), Peter Kosta (Potsdam), Beatrix Kreß (Hildesheim), Franz Schindler (Gießen), Barbara Sonnenhauser (Zürich) und Nadine Thielemann (Wien) herausgeben. In der Reihe erscheinen Monographien, Sammelbände und Lehrbücher zu allen Gebieten der Slavistik, der Sprach-, der Literatur- und der Kulturwissenschaft. In der Sprachwissenschaft erscheinen sowohl sprachhistorische als auch innovative Arbeiten zur Pragmatik und Semantik, zu slavischen Kleinsprachen und zur Diskurslinguistik. In der Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft gehört zu den besonderen Interessensgebieten die Russische Philosophie.〈BR〉
    Note: German
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Amsterdam : J. Benjamins
    ISBN: 9789027286468 , 9027286469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (xxiii, 406 p.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series III, Studies in the history of linguistics 0304-0720 v. 25
    Series Statement: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series III, Studies in the history of linguistics v. 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hymes, Dell H Essays in the history of linguistic anthropology
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Anthropological linguistics History ; Ethnolinguistique Histoire ; Anthropological linguistics History ; LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES ; Linguistics ; Sociolinguistics ; Etnolingüística ; Anthropological linguistics ; Taalwetenschap ; Antropologische aspecten ; Theorieën ; Etnolingüística ; Ethnolinguistik ; Ethnolinguistique ; Histoire ; History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books ; Electronic books Aufsatzsammlung ; History
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes. - Description based on print version record
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  • 87
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    Online Resource
    Berkeley : University of California Press
    ISBN: 0520916824 , 0585366403 , 9780520916821 , 9780585366401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (lxxviii, 740 p) , ill
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Print version Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association papers
    DDC: 305.8/96073
    Keywords: Garvey, Marcus Manuscripts ; Universal Negro Improvement Association Archives ; African Americans Sources Civil rights ; History ; Black power Sources History ; Manuscripts, American ; African Americans Sources Race identity ; History ; African Americans Archives ; Biografie ; Quelle
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. 1826-August 1919v. 2. 27 August 1919-31 August 1920 -- v. 3. September 1920-August 1921 -- v. 4. September 1, 1921-September 2, 1922 -- v. 5. September 1922-August 1924 -- v. 6. September 1924-December 1927 -- v. 7. November 1927-August 1940 -- v. 9. Africa for the Africans, 1921-1922 -- v. 10. Africa for the Africans, 1923-1945 -- 11. Africa for the Africans, 1921-1922.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    ISBN: 0585060762 , 9780585060767
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (12, 199 p.) , ill., ports.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: SUNY series in American social history
    Parallel Title: Print version True sisterhood
    DDC: 305.409774
    Keywords: Women History ; 19th century ; Michigan ; Married women History ; 19th century ; Michigan ; Sisters History ; 19th century ; Michigan ; Mothers and daughters History ; 19th century ; Michigan ; Family History ; 19th century ; Michigan ; Michigan ; Family History 19th century ; Sisters History 19th century ; Mothers and daughters History 19th century ; Women History 19th century ; Married women History 19th century ; Women History 19th century ; Mothers and daughters History 19th century ; Sisters History 19th century ; Married women History 19th century ; Families 19th century ; Sisters ; Women ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Women's Studies ; Mothers and daughters ; History ; Families ; Married women ; Michigan ; Electronic books ; Electronic books History ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [183]-193) and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chicago : University of Chicago Press
    ISBN: 9780226401942 , 0226401944
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (ix, 282 p.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Johnson, Kay Ann Women, the family, and peasant revolution in China
    DDC: 305.40951
    Keywords: Women peasants History ; China ; Confucianism History ; China ; Families History ; China ; Socialism History ; China ; Femmes Histoire ; Chine ; Confucianisme Histoire ; Chine ; Famille Histoire ; Chine ; Socialisme Histoire ; Chine ; Women peasants History ; Confucianism History ; Families History ; Socialism ; Confucio y confucianismo China ; Familia Historia ; China ; Socialismo en China Historia ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Women's Studies ; Confucianism ; Families ; Rural conditions ; Socialism ; Women peasants ; Vrouwen ; Sociale situatie ; History ; China Rural conditions ; Chine Conditions rurales ; China ; China Rural conditions ; China ; Electronic books History ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Kay Ann Johnson provides much-needed information about women and gender equality under Communist leadership. She contends that, although the Chinese Communist Party has always ostensibly favored women's rights and family reform, it has rarely pushed for such reforms. In reality, its policies often have reinforced the traditional role of women to further the Party's predominant economic and military aims. Johnson's primary focus is on reforms of marriage and family because traditional marriage, family, and kinship practices have had the greatest influence in defining and shaping women's place i
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789400967786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 338 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 88
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 88
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I The Contours of a Logistic Phenomenology of Meaning -- 1. Expression and Meaning -- 2. Meaning and Nominal Acts -- 3. Meaning and Propositional Acts -- 4. A Logistic Interpretation of Intentionality and Truth -- II Toward a Genetic Phenomenology of Perception -- 5. Static and Genetic Pheonomenology -- 6. The First Elaboration: A Noetics of Perception -- 7. The Second Elaboration: A Noematics of Perception -- 8. The Third Elaboration: Transcendental Aesthetics -- 9. The Nexus of Perception and World -- III Toward a Genetic Phenomenology of Speech-Acts -- 10. Genetic Analysis, Thought and Speech -- 11. Language, Intersubjectivity and the Origins of Meaning -- 12. The Dialectic of Language and Perception.
    Abstract: Whenever one attempts to write about a philosopher whose native tongue is not English the problem of translations is inevitable. For the sake of simplicity and accuracy we have translated all of our quotations from the German unless otherwise noted. But for the sake of easy reference we have included the page numbers of the English translations as well as the German texts. Because there is a new translation forthcoming, we have not included references to the English translation of Ideen I. Since the German texts are readily available, we did not reproduce them in the footnotes. All quotations translated from Husserl's unpublished manuscripts, however, do include the German text in the footnotes. This work is greatly indebted to the criticism and help of Professor Ludwig Landgrebe, whose support made possible two years at the UniversiHit Koln. Garth Gillan and Lothar Eley also have contributed much to the basic direction ofthis work. Others such as Edward Casey, Claude Evans, Irene Grypari, Don Ihde, Grant Johnson, Martin Lang, J. N. Mohanty, Robert Ray and Susan Wood have been more than helpful in their discussions with me on these topics and in their criticisms of some of the ambiguities of an earlier draft. Likewise a special word of thanks to Reto Parpan whose insightful corrections were most valuable and to Nancy Gifford for her discussions on matters epistemolo­ gical and for her help in the final preparation of the book.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401727945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 555 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 169
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: One / Background -- Two / Analytic Modal Tableaus and Consistency Properties -- Three / Logical Consequence, Compactness, Interpolation, and Other Topics -- Four / Axiom Systems and Natural Deduction -- Five / Non-Analytic Logics -- Six / Non-Normal Logics -- Seven / Quantifiers -- Eight / Prefixed Tableau Systems -- Nine / Intuitionistic Logic -- Special Notation.
    Abstract: "Necessity is the mother of invention. " Part I: What is in this book - details. There are several different types of formal proof procedures that logicians have invented. The ones we consider are: 1) tableau systems, 2) Gentzen sequent calculi, 3) natural deduction systems, and 4) axiom systems. We present proof procedures of each of these types for the most common normal modal logics: S5, S4, B, T, D, K, K4, D4, KB, DB, and also G, the logic that has become important in applications of modal logic to the proof theory of Peano arithmetic. Further, we present a similar variety of proof procedures for an even larger number of regular, non-normal modal logics (many introduced by Lemmon). We also consider some quasi-regular logics, including S2 and S3. Virtually all of these proof procedures are studied in both propositional and first-order versions (generally with and without the Barcan formula). Finally, we present the full variety of proof methods for Intuitionistic logic (and of course Classical logic too). We actually give two quite different kinds of tableau systems for the logics we consider, two kinds of Gentzen sequent calculi, and two kinds of natural deduction systems. Each of the two tableau systems has its own uses; each provides us with different information about the logics involved. They complement each other more than they overlap. Of the two Gentzen systems, one is of the conventional sort, common in the literature.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 80
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 80
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Analytical Table of Contents -- Introduction: Some Questions for Philosophy of Technology -- Introduction: Some Questions for Philosophy of Technology -- I / Can Technological Development Be Regulated? -- Can Government Regulate Technology? -- Social Implications of Recent Technological Innovations -- Technology and Human Rights -- Technology Assessment, Facts and Values -- A Critique of Technological Determinism -- Techne and Politeia: The Technical Constitution of Society -- II / Technology Assessment -- Technoaxiology: Appropriate Norms for Technology Assessment -- Comment: What Is Alternative Technology? A Reply to Professor Stanley Carpenter -- The Prospects for Technology Assessment -- Technology Assessment and the Problem of Quantification -- Forecast, Value, and the Recent Phenomenon of Non-Acceptance: The Limits of a Philosophy of Technology Assessment -- III / Responsibilities Toward Nature -- The Viability of Environmental Ethics -- Notes on Extended Responsibility and Increased Technological Power -- What Sort of Technology Permits the Language of Nature? Conditions for Controlling Nature-Domination Constitutionally -- IV / Metaphysical and Historical Issues -- The Historical-Ontological Priority of Technology over Science -- The Origins of Modern Technology in Millenarianism -- The Religious and Political Origins of Modern Technology -- From the Phenomenon to the Event of Technology (A Dialectical Approach to Heidegger’s Phenomenology) -- Pragmatism, Transcendental Arguments, and the Technological -- V / Directions for Philosophy of Technology -- The Cultural Character of Technology -- The Import of Social, Political, and Anthropological Considerations in an Adequate Philosophy of Technology -- Philosophy of Technology: Problems of a Philosophical Discipline -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Only recently has the phenomenon of technology become an object of in­ terest for philosophers. The first attempts at a philosophy of technology date back scarcely a hundred years - a span of time extremely short when com­ pared with the antiquity of philosophical reflections on nature, science, and society. Over that hundred-year span, speculative, critical, and empiricist approaches of various sorts have been put forward. Nevertheless, even now there remains a broad gap between the importance of technology in the real world and the sparse number of philosophical works dedicated to the under­ standing of modern technology. As a result of the complex structure of modern technology, it can be dealt with in very different ways. These range from metaphysical exposition to efforts aimed at political consensus. Quite naturally, within such a broad range, certain national accents can be discovered-; they are shaped by a com­ mon language, accepted philosophical traditions, and concrete problems requiring consideration. Even so, the worldwide impact of technology, its penetration into all spheres of individual, social, and cultural life, together with the urgency of the problems raised in this context - all these demand a joint philosophical discussion that transcends the barriers of language and cultural differences. The papers printed here are intended to exemplify such an effort at culture-transcending philosophical discussion.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400970809
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 77
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 77
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Authors’ Introduction -- I. Case Studies -- Summary of Contributions -- Agricultural Chemistry. The Origin and Structure of a Finalized Science -- Autonomization and Finalization: A Comparison of Fermentation Research and Fluid Mechanics -- Cancer Research. A Study of Praxis-Related Theoretical Developments in Chemistry, the Biosciences and Medicine -- II. Theoretical Considerations -- Summary of Contributions -- Finalization Revisited -- The Scientification of Technology -- Normative Finalization -- III. Prospects -- Summary of Contributions -- Science in a Crisis of Legitimation -- Towards a Social Science of Nature -- Introductory Note -- The Finalization Debate: A Reply to our Critics. With a Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- Bibliography of the Finalization Discussion and Debate -- I. The anti-finalization campaign and debate in the media -- III. Contributions to the academic finalization discussion and debate -- Notes on Authors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400969087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I. Caveats -- 1. Physicalism and Direct Realism -- 2. Adverbialism -- 3. Acts and Objects -- 4. Whither Direct Realism? -- II. The Sensory Scene -- 1. The Argument for Immediacy -- 2. The Argument from Infallibility -- 3. The Argument from Conceptual Frameworks -- 4. The Very Idea of Direct Realism -- III. Qualitative Appearing -- 1. The Sensum Theory -- 2. The Compound Thing Theory -- 3. The Multiple Inherence Theory -- 4. The Multiple Relation Theory -- 5. The Impasse: A Look Backward -- 6. The Multiple Relation Theory Revisited: Major Objections -- 7. Direct Realism and the Multiple Relation Theory Reconciled -- IV. Illusion -- 1. The Received Answers: Direct Realists Manqué -- 2. No Intrinsic Difference: Another Interpretation -- 3. Descriptive Neutrality and Direct Realism -- 4. Indeterminate Perceptual Objects: The Speckled Hen Example -- 5. The Phantom Limb Objection -- V. Time Lag -- 1. The Received Answers -- 2. A New Beginning -- 3. Obstacles and Objections -- 4. Common Sense and Causation -- 5. Microparticles: Causation’s Last Resort -- 6. Color Perception: A Counterexample -- VI. Phenomenalism -- 1. Classical Phenomenalism: Mill -- 2. Varieties of Phenomenalism: Hume -- 3. Phenomenalism and Logical Constructions: Russell -- 4. Phenomenalism: A Budget of Difficulties -- 5. The Anomaly of Phenomenalism.
    Abstract: or their surfaces can be translated without remainder into descriptions of ob­ jects that are neither material objects or surfaces of any material object. All of these claims have historically conspired to discredit Direct Realism. But Direct Realism can accommodate all of the premises of the three argu­ ments without admitting any of their conclusions. Inferential perceptual knowl­ edge assumes a kind of knowledge that is not inferential. Without this assump­ tion, we are given a vicious infinite regress. But this is compatible with the fact that any case of non-inferential knowledge has a material objeCt as its object. The fact ofinfallible perceptual awareness fails to discredit DireCt Realism for similar reasons. Infallibility is a characteristic, not of the objects which we perceive, but rather of the acts by which we perceive them. And this permits an object of such awareness to be either material or something other than material. It does not fol­ low from the fact of infallibility that the objects of awareness must be other than material objects. And, finally, the fact of translatability shows at most that we either can or must simultaneously perceive material objects and entities which are not material objects. It does not show that the perception of the one is the same as the perception of the other. The entire argument rests, as we shall learn, on an illicit assimilation of the notions of sameness and equivalence.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400970373
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 75
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 75
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I. The Problem of Forms and the Philosophy of the Sciences -- The Possibility of Science and the Fact of Science -- Perception and Science -- Linguistic Expression and Scientific Forms -- Coordination and Subordination of Forms -- A ‘Ptolemaic’ Revolution -- II. Language as a Vehicle of Information -- Rhetoric and Contents -- Epistemology, Genetic Psychology and Axiomatization -- Critique of the Notion of ‘Grouping’ as a Form of Logical Thought -- Ordinary Language and Formalized Language -- Pure Informational Language -- Semantics and Syntax -- III. Scientific Languages and Formalisms -- The ‘Mixed’ Language of Science -- The Formation of the Language of Chemistry -- Reversal of the Relations between Oral Language and Writing -- Multi-Dimensionality and Spatiality of Signs -- Semantic Polyvalence -- IV. The Découpage of Phenomena -- The Myth and the Concept -- Experienced Meanings and Scientific Objects -- Organized Practice, the Cultural Environment of the Concept -- An Example of Structural Objectivation: the ‘Wager’ -- Two Apparently Opposed Movements: ‘Formalist’ Découpage and ‘Operational’ Découpage -- The Saussurian Reduction -- The Phonological Découpage -- Hierarchy of Phonological Structures -- Dynamics of Linguistic Structures -- ‘Language Engineering’ -- The Theory of Queues -- Theories of Learning [apprentissage] as Dynamic Games -- V. Quality and Quantity -- Quality of the Object and Quality of the lived Experience [vécu] -- Difference and Similarity -- Qualitative Responses and Information -- Probability of Response, and Division into Latent Classes -- Scaling Structure -- Search for a Metric -- The Interpretation of ‘Principal Components.’ Return to Structural Organization -- The General Theme of Linear Structures -- Disorder and Order -- Qassifications -- Linear Structures, Vectorial Spaces -- The Random Schemata -- Conclusion: Dialectic of Quality and Axiomatization -- VI. Structuring and Axiomatizing -- ‘Energetic’ Models and ‘Cybernetic’ Models -- Causality in the Models -- Meanings and Functions of Axiomatization in Mathematics -- Axiomatization in the Natural Sciences -- Axiomatization in the Sciences of Man -- The Evaluative Structure of Random Situations -- The Definition of a Norm of Decision -- Conclusions: Consciousness and Concept -- VII. The Understanding of the Individual -- The Clinical Situation and Structures in Psychoanalysis -- Diachronic and Synchronic: Personalities as Informational Systems -- Practice as Art and the Individual -- Individual and Alienation -- History as a Clinical Undertaking without Practice -- History and the Present -- Individual and Field -- Conclusions -- Postface to the English Edition (1982) -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: system reflected in Saussure's linguistic theory, and so influential in the great progress linguistic theory has made in this century. Indeed, Granger sees linguistic theory as expressing a paradigm for scientific theorizing, which research in other social sciences should adopt. But 'structuralism' as a method in science does not, in Granger's view, begin with Saussure and the linguists. It is nothing less than the strategy of all the sciences, both natural and social, since their beginnings. Now, 'structuralism' is a 'trendy' term no less in Anglophone methodology than in Francophone philosophy. But Granger's employment of the term is not to be assimilated to this trend, nor to the fashionable excesses for which this expression has been a watch­ word (he explicitly separates himself from this movement in the preface to the second edition). The exact nature of what Granger calls 'structuralist' methods is the subject of a large part of this work, and I will not dwell on it much further in this introduction. Suffice it to say that Granger's demand for structuralist description is nothing less than the recognition that the successful pursuit of science requires that its terms and predicates pick out what we may call 'natural kinds'; that is, describe classes of items that bear uniform nomolog­ ical relations to one another. A science whose descriptive terms do not meet this condition will never produce any laws that reflect such nomological connections.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400968394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 102
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Scottish Beginnings -- 2. London Beginnings -- 3. The First Trip Abroad -- 1. Paris and its Scientific Society, 1817 -- 2. Switzerland -- 3. Italy -- 4. The Return -- 4. In the Mainstream of London Science -- 1. Scientific Training in the 1820s -- 2. Mary Somerville’s Apprenticeship -- 3. The First Experimental Paper -- 4. Brougham’s Commission -- 5. The Mechanism of the Heavens -- 1. The Atmosphere of 1830 -- 2. Creation and Publication -- 3. Reception -- 6. The Second Stay Abroad -- 1. Paris, 1832 -- 2. Mary Somerville and French Science, 1832–33 -- 3. Foreign Visitors, English Correspondence -- 7. On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences -- 1. The Physical Sciences, 1830–33 -- 2. The Final Revision -- 3. Publication and Review -- 4. New Honours and a New Edition -- 5. Mary Somerville and a Few Scientific Women -- 8. The Civil List and Mary Somerville -- 9. ‘The Comet’, an Experiment and a Third Edition -- 10. The Last London Years -- 1. A New Pattern of Existence, 1836 -- 2. The Fourth Edition of the Connexion of the Sciences -- 3. A Scientific Intermediary -- 11. Outside the Mainstream of Science -- 1. Italy, 1838–40 -- 2. And After . . . -- A Guide to Notes and Citations -- Notes.
    Abstract: Among the myriad of changes that took place in Great Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, many of particular significance to the historian of science and to the social historian are discernible in that small segment of British society drawn together by a shared interest in natural phenomena and with sufficient leisure or opportunity to investigate and ponder them. This group, which never numbered more than a mere handful in comparison to the whole population, may rightly be characterized as 'scientific'. They and their successors came to occupy an increasingly important place in the intellectual, educational, and developing economic life of the nation. Well before the arrival of mid-century, natural philosophers and inventors were generally hailed as a source of national pride and of national prestige. Scientific society is a feature of nineteenth-century British life, the best being found in London, in the universities, in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in a few scattered provincial centres.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400969667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Absolute versus Relative Space and Time -- Three Steps Towards Absolutism -- Reply to Mackie -- Absoluteness and Conspiracy -- Time And Causal Connectibility -- Prospects for a Causal Theory of Space-Time -- Verificationism and Theories of Space-Time -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Temporal and Causal Asymmetry -- Causality And Quantum Mechanics -- How the Measurement Problem Is an Artifact of the Mathematics -- Measurement, Unitarity, and Laws -- Causality, Relativity, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox -- Nonlocality and Peaceful Coexistence -- Quantum Logic and Ensembles -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alter­ nate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is hoped that this series will contribute to advancing philosophical understanding at the frontiers of philosophy and areas of interest to non-philosophers. It is hoped that it will do so by writing which reduces technicalities as much as the subject-matter permits. In this way the series is intended to demonstrate that philosophy can be clear and worthwhile in itself and at the same time relevant to the interests of lay people.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789400970557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 76
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 76
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychiatry ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Geometry and Semantics: An Examination of Putnam’s Philosophy of Geometry -- The Epistemological Status of Recent Developments in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Theory of Your Dreams -- Valuation and Objectivity in Science -- Simultaneity and Conventionality -- The Demise of the Demarcation Problem -- Grünbaum on Determinism and the Moral Life -- The Unpredictability of Future Science -- Freud’s Early Theories of Hysteria -- Clinical Trials: The Validation of Theory and Therapy -- Reflections on the Philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger -- Zeno’s Paradox of Measure -- Special Relativity from Measuring Rods -- Causality and Spacetime Structure in Relativity -- Calibration: A Frequency Justification for Personal Probability -- Bibliography of Adolf Grünbaum -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: To celebrate Adolf Griinbaum's sixtieth birthday by offering him this bouquet of essays written for this purpose was the happy task of an autonomous Editorial Committee: Wesley C. Salmon, Nicholas Rescher, Larry Laudan, Carl G. Hempel, and Robert S. Cohen. To present the book within the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science was altogether fitting and natural, for Griinbaum has' been friend and supporter of philosophy of science at Boston University for twenty-five years, and unofficial godfather to the Boston Colloquium. To regret that we could not include contributions from all his well-wishers, critical admirers and admiring critics, is only to regret that we did not have an encyclopedic space at the committee's disposal. But we, and all involved in this book, speak for all the others in the philo­ sophical, scientific, and personal worlds of Adolf Griinbaum in greeting him on May 15, 1983, with our wishes for his health, his scholarship, his happiness. Our gratitude is due to Carolyn Fawcett for her care and accuracy in editing this book, and for the preparation of the Index; and to Elizabeth McMunn for her help again and again, especially in preparation of the Bibliography of the Published Writings of Adolf Griinbaum; and to Thelma Griinbaum for encouraging, planning, and cheering. Boston University R.S.C. Center for the Philosophy and History of Science M.W.W.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400971783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 82
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 82
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Particles or Events? -- Commentary on ‘Particles or Events?’ -- Time Symmetry and Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Is Physical Space Unique or Optional? -- Theory Reduction: A Question of Fact or or a Question of Value? -- Cosmology and Verifiability -- Galileo and the Phenomena: On Making the Evidence Visible -- Quantum Theory of Measurement: A Non-Quantum Mechanical Approach -- Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity -- Commentary on ‘Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity’ -- Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor -- Commentary on ‘Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor’ -- The Unity of Nature -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: These essays on the conceptual understanding of modern physics strike directly at some of the principal difficulties faced by contemporary philos­ ophers of physical science. Moreover, they reverberate to earlier and classical struggles with those difficulties. Each of these essays may be seen as both a commentary on our predecessors and an original analytic interpretation. They come from work of the past decade, most from meetings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, and they demonstrate again how problematic the fundamentals of our understanding of nature still are. The themes will seem to be familiar but the variations are not only ingenious but also stimulating, in some ways counterpoint. And so once again we are confronted with issues of space and time, irreversibility and measurement, matter and process, hypothetical reality and verifiability, explanation and reduction, phenomenal base and sophisticated theory, unified science and the unity of nature, and the limits of conventionalism. We are grateful for the cooperation of our contributors, and in particular for the agreement of George Ellis and C. F. von Weizsiicker to allow us to use previously published papers.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400972575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 26
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: One: The Ethics of Respect for Persons -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Empirical Choice -- 1.3. Rational Choice -- 1.4. Rational Empirical Choice -- 1.5. Considered Choice -- 1.6. Unencumbered Choice -- Two: The Nature of a Limits Thesis -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Defining a Protected Sphere -- 2.3. Enforcing Morality versus Preventing Harm -- 2.4. Positive Morality versus Critical Morality -- 2.5. Which Critical Morality Should be Enforced? -- 2.6. Which Specific Kinds of Conduct Are Immoral? -- 2.7. Procedural Matters and Democracy -- 2.8. Conclusions -- Three: The Harm Principle -- 3.1. Harm and Interests -- 3.2. A Respect-for-Persons Conception of Harm -- Four: Legal Paternalism -- 4.1. The Principle of Paternalism -- 4.2. Paternalism and Law -- Five: The Welfare Principle -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The Basis of Positive Rights -- 5.3. The Plausibility of Positive Rights -- 5.4. Positive Rights and Individual Action -- 5.5. Positive Rights, the State, and Collective Action -- Six: The Principle of Community -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Laissez-Faire versus Collective Control -- 6.3. The Scope of Collective Control -- Seven: The Principle of Necessary Means -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The Principle of Necessary Means -- 7.3. Some Uses of the Principle -- Eight: Exclusionary Principles -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Principle of Free Speech -- 8.3. The Generalized Exclusionary Principle -- Nine: Punishment -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Punishment and Respect for Persons -- 9.3. General Justifying Aim -- 9.4. Distribution -- 9.5. Severity -- Ten: Evaluating Legislation -- 10.1. The Principles of Legal Coercion -- 10.2. Taxation and the Provision of Public Goods -- 10.3. Victimless Crimes and the Enforcement of Popular Morality: Pornography -- 10.4. The Problem of Offensive Conduct -- 10.5. Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Are all of the commonly accepted aims of the use of law justifiable? Which kinds of behavior are justifiably prohibited, which kinds justifiably required? What uses of law are not defensible? How can the legitimacy or the ille­ gitimacy of various uses of law be explained or accounted for? These are questions the answering of which involves one in many issues of moral principle, for the answers require that one adopt positions - even if only implicitly - on further questions of what kinds of actions or policies are morally or ethically acceptable. The present work, aimed at questions of these kinds, is thus a study in the ethical evaluation of major uses of legal coercion. It is an attempt to provide a framework within which many questions about the proper uses of law may be fruitfully discussed. The framework, if successful, can be used by anyone asking questions about the defensibility of particular or general uses of law, whether from the perspective of someone considering whether to bring about some new legal provision, from the perspective of someone concerned to evaluate an eXisting provision, or from that of someone concerned more abstractly with questions about the appropriate substance of an ideal legal system. In addressing these and associated issues, I shall be exploring the extent to which an ethics based on respect for persons and their autonomy can handle satisfactorily the problems arising here.
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