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  • Online-Ressource  (68)
  • 1995-1999  (37)
  • 1990-1994  (21)
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  • Dordrecht : Springer  (68)
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  • Philosophy of mind  (68)
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  • Online-Ressource  (68)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 272 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 285
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Many articles and books dealing with Donald Davidson's philosophy are dedicated to the papers and ideas Davidson put forward in the `sixties and `seventies. In the last two decades, however, Davidson has continued to work in many areas of philosophy, offering new contributions, many of which are highly regarded by philosophers working in the fields concerned. For instance, Davidson has considerably developed his ideas about interpretation, theory of meaning, irreducibility of the mental, causation, and action theory; he has proposed an innovative externalist conception of the mental content and a new analysis of the concept of truth; and he has partly modified his theses about event, and the supervenience of the mental on the physical. In Interpretations and Causes, some of the leading contemporary analytic philosophers discuss Davidson's new ideas in a lively, relevant, useful, and not always entirely sympathetic way. Davidson himself offers and original contribution
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591478
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 195 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science and Philosophy 7
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Anapolitanos critically examines and evaluates three basic characteristics of the Leibnizian metaphysical system: Leibniz's version of representation; the principle of continuity; and space, time, and the phenomenally spatio-temporal. Chapter I discusses representation, especially as it refers to the connection between the real and the phenomenal levels of Leibniz's system. Chapter II examines the principle of continuity, including continuity as a general feature of every level of Leibniz's metaphysics. The position adopted is that the problem of the composition of the continuum played a central role on the development of Leibniz's non-spatial and non-temporal monadic metaphysics. The machinery developed is then used to offer a new interpretation of Leibniz' metaphysics of space and time. The notion of indirect representation is used to construct appropriate models that clarify the nature of the correspondence between the real and the phenomenal levels in the case of the relations `spatially between' and `temporally between', as well as in the cases of spatial and temporal density. Finally, Leibniz's solution to the problem of the continuum is discussed, arguing that it is not entirely satisfactory. A non-anachronistic alternative is proposed, compatible with Leibniz's metaphysics of substance
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401716116
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 221 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 23
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; History
    Kurzfassung: Freud's Philosophy of the Unconscious is the only comprehensive, systematic study of Sigmund Freud's philosophy of mind. Freud emerges as a sophisticated philosopher who addresses many of the central questions that concern contemporary philosophers and cognitive scientists while anticipating many of their views. While still a student in Vienna, Freud was initiated into philosophy by Franz Brentano. The book charts Freud's intellectual development as he deals with the mind-body problem, the nature of consciousness, folk psychology versus scientific psychology, the relationship between language and thought, realism and antirealism in psychology, and the nature of unconscious mental events. The book also critically examines writings on Freud by Wittgenstein, Davidson, and Searle, demonstrating their weakness as interpretations and criticisms of Freud's position. Readership: Philosophers, cognitive scientists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401710701
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 202 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 79
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591935
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (376 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 62
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The papers collected here had their origin in a conference held in Montreal, 1-3 June 1995. The conference drew together researchers of all persuasions, from Europe and North America, to discuss the philosophy of mind. The volume is divided into four sections, each section being prefaced by a specific introduction. The first section deals mainly with the problem of consciousness in relation to intentionality. The second section's main topic is the problem of `qualia', a notion closely related to phenomenal consciousness, approached in the context of perception. The last two sections raise several problems related to what has been called `folk psychology'. Readership: Philosophers interested in philosophy of mind, psychologists, cognitive scientists
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592253
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 168 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 283
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Self. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Who - or what - is an agent? How - in virtue of what - does an agent do things, or refrain from doing them? In this attempt to understand the concept of agent causality, Vollmer proposes that persons are in control of their actions in virtue of reflective consciousness, consisting of a primary, intrinsic, nonobservational awareness of one's own activity, and a capacity to form second-order thoughts about such activity. According to traditional action theory, only behaviour that an agent is aware of performing (under some description) counts as action. In Vollmer's view, however, reflective consciousness plays a more important role than just determining what someone is doing, or under what description the action is intentional. Reflective consciousness is what gives you control and renders you free. Reflective consciousness is what you are. Readership: Professionals and students interested in theoretical psychology and the theory of action
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401726047
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 561 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 52
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: There is a new rhythm permeating phenomenology, which is re-orienting towards the ontopoiesis of life. There are inflated views abroad that phenomenology has lost its identity and it is fashionable to consider that philosophy has abandoned the `pursuit of truth', which is dismissed as illusory. But the phenomenological philosophy here reincarnated as the phenomenology of life and the human creative condition vibrates with a fresh philosophical faith. The present volume articulates the four main tenets of the ontopoiesis of life: first, the priority of the creative act over the cognitive intentional act; second, the revelation that the Human Creative Condition is pivotal in tracing specifically human powers; third, that the creative act of the human being is the meeting ground for all human endeavours; and fourth, the ontopoietic self-individualisation of life
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401733007
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 533 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Analytic philosophy has been a dominant intellectual movement in the 20th century and a reflection of the cultural pre-eminence of scientism. In response to analytic philosophy's peculiar reticence (and inability) to discuss itself, this book provides its first comprehensive history and critique. The central element in the analytic conversation has been the Enlightenment Project: the appeal to an autonomous human reason, freed of any higher authority and channeling itself through science as its privileged tool. This centrality is demonstrated by systematically examining its presence and development in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, epistemology, language, psychology, social science, ethics, political philosophy, and the history of philosophy. This journey highlights the internal logical disintegration of that project. Post-modern relativism is its natural offspring and not a viable alternative. The Enlightenment Project's conception of physical science is defective; this defective conception of physical science renders the analytic conception of social science, philosophical psychology, and epistemology defective; and that defective conception of the human condition leads to defective conceptions of both moral and political philosophy, specifically the idea of social engineering or social technology. Throughout the book, an alternative conception of philosophy is presented as a way out of the abyss of analysis, an alternative that reconnects philosophy with the mainstream of Western civilization and initiates the process of providing a coherent cultural narrative. This book will be of particular interest to any sophisticated reader concerned about the lack of a coherent cultural narrative
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589963
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 269
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Intentionality is one of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary phenomenology and analytic philosophy. This book investigates intentionality from the point of view of intentional objects. According to the classical approach to this concept, whatever can be consciously experienced is regarded as an intentional object. Thus, not only ordinary existing individuals but also various kinds of non-existents and non-individuals are considered as intentional (including such bizarre entities as quantifier objects: `some dog', `every dog'). Alexius Meinong, an Austrian philosopher, is particularly well-known as the `inventor' of an abundant ontology of objects among which even incomplete and impossible ones, like `the round square', find their place. Drawing inspirations from Meinong's ideas, the author develops a simple logic of intentional objects, M-logic. M-logic closely resembles classical first-order logic and, as opposed to the formally complicated contemporary theories of non-existent objects, it is much more friendly in apprehending and applications. However, despite this resemblance, the ontological content of M-logic far exceeds that of classical logic. In this book formal investigations are intertwined with philosophical analyses. On the one hand, M-logic is used as a tool for investigating formal features of intentional objects. On the other hand, the study of intentionality phenomena suggests further ways of extending and modifying M-logic. Audience: The book is addressed to logicians, cognitive scientists, philosophers of language and metaphysics with either a phenomenological or an analytic background
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590785
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (245 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 34
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: Focusing on the topics of self-awareness, temporality, and alterity, this anthology contains contributions by prominent phenomenologists from Germany, Belgium, France, Japan, USA, Canada and Denmark, all addressing questions very much in the center of current phenomenological debate. What is the relation between the self and the Other? How are self-awareness and intentionality intertwined? To what extent do the temporality and corporeality of subjectivity contain a dimension of alterity? How should one account for the intersubjectivity, interculturality and historicity of the subject? These questions are not only of relevance for phenomenologists, but for anybody coming from disciplines influenced by phenomenological methodology, such as sociology, psychology, psychiatry and anthropology
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723824
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 222 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 274
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropological linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Is there a universal biolinguistic disposition for the development of `basic' colour words? This question has been a subject of debate since Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution was published in 1969. Naming the Rainbow is the first extended study of this debate. The author describes and criticizes empirically and conceptually unified models of colour naming that relate basic colour terms directly to perceptual and ultimately to physiological facts, arguing that this strategy has overlooked the cognitive dimension of colour naming. He proposes a psychosemantics for basic colour terms which is sensitive to cultural difference and to the nature and structure of non-linguistic experience. Audience: Contemporary colour naming research is radically interdisciplinary and Naming the Rainbow will be of interest to philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, and cognitive scientists concerned with: biological constraints on cognition and categorization; problems inherent in cross-cultural and in interdisciplinary science; the nature and extent of cultural relativism
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401150668
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 197 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 75
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: When we ask whether something exists, we expect a yes or no answer, not a further query about what kind of existence, how much of it, whether we mean existence for you or existence for me, or whether we are asking about some property which it might have. In this book, this simple requirement is defended and pursued into its various and sometimes surprising implications. In the course of this pursuit, such questions arise as `Do appearances exist?' `Do unknowable things exist?' `Do past and future exist?' `Does God necessarily exist?' This novel and non-technical approach to important philosophical questions will be of interest to senior students of philosophy and, indeed, to all general readers with philosophical interests
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151757
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 191 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 45
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 45
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains a representative selection of work by Japanese philosophers of science concerned with major issues of late 20th century world interest: epistemology of natural science, philosophy of mind and especially of perception, the logic of inference and of time, causality and evolution. It is edited by Francis Gen-Ichiro Nagasaka who contributes a historical account of philosophy of science in Japan
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 380 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 46
    Serie: The new synthese historical library
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; History, Ancient. ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Kurzfassung: Discussions about the nature of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy have aroused intense scholarly interest over the last few years. The topics covered by the essays in this volume range from the classical background of Hellenistic theories, through debates on emotion in the major Hellenistic schools, to discussions in later antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the Stoic views on the nature and value of the emotions. The essays are written with a high level of philosophical and classical scholarship, but contain no exclusive technicalities. Audience: This first comprehensive treatment of the emotions in Hellenistic philosophy can be read with pleasure and profit not only by professionals in ancient philosophy but also all those who are interested in the philosophy of mind and its history
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401149006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 389 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 53
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Tymieniecka's phenomenology of life reverses current priorities, stressing the primogenital role of aesthetic enjoyment, rather than cognition, as typifying the Human Condition. The present collection offers clues to a crucial breakthrough in the perennial uncertainties about the powers and prerogatives of the human mind. It proposes human creativity as the pivot of the mind's genesis and its endowment. In the midst of the current defiance of the transcendental certainties of cognition, this turn to the creative act of the human being represents a radical reversion to an approach to human powers that is predominated by the aesthetic virtualities of the Human Condition. The collection lays down the foundations for a new discovery of the human mind, addressing the `plumbing' of the functional system that originates in the creative potentiality of the Human Condition, undercutting the currently prevalent empirical reductionism
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401148900
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 387 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 55
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology
    Kurzfassung: It would seem that modern humanity has unthroned the human spirit, undercutting the very foundation of the validity of truth, moral values and principles. There appears to be no attempt to discern what is beautiful and true: it is functional and pragmatic usefulness that seem to dominate human evaluations and transactions with other humans and, indeed, animals. Humanity is becoming detached from the `higher' aesthetic, moral and intellectual works of the human spirit and thus the life of the spirit is often situated on the other side of a gulf, opposed to science with its rationality. Culture is in danger of becoming reduced to science. In other words, the great metaphysical questions - those of telos, of sense - often are answered in terms of scientific conceptions. But these are at least incomplete, if not fragmentary, and in principle hypothetical, which still leaves the questions unanswered. But it is culture that is the manifestation of the human spirit, being the historical process of human self-interpretation-in-existence. All manifestations of the creative forge of the human being find a role in the fabric of culture, which involves progressively widening circles of the human community, demanding an integration and attunement with others in their changing conditions of life. This consideration of culture involves all areas of philosophical reflection: moral, aesthetic, metaphysical, epistemological, semiological, cognitive, and more
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151047
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 291 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 20
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Mind Out of Matter aims to transform the way we think about consciousness and the physical world. Unlike many contemporary volumes, it develops a robust and philosophically satisfying account of the mind/body relationship without doing violence to fundamental physics. It expunges popular but ludicrous assumptions about the `in principle' capabilities of cognizers and, with the help of tools from mathematics and scientific fields, supplants flawed notions of representation, function, and mental state with objective and physically grounded alternatives. It debunks quantum theories of consciousness, constructs a simple zombie recipe, and evaluates recent research on chaotic analogue networks. This book is indispensable for readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, and for mathematicians applying complexity theory or information theory to biological cognition. Audience: General academic/university libraries, plus university departmental libraries in philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Researchers and specialists in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, complexity theory, and information theory. Researchers in the telecommunications industry
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590341
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 180 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 272
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Cognitive psychology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Kurzfassung: Descartes made a sharp distinction between matter and mind. But he also thought that the two interact with one another. Is such interaction possible, however, without either a materialist reduction of mind to matter or an idealist (phenomenalist) reduction of matter to mind? These questions overshadow the Western tradition in metaphysics from the time of Descartes to present times. The book makes an effort to stay clear of reductivist views of the two Cartesian substances. It defends a dualistic psycho-physical parallel theory which reconciles freedom of action with determinism in nature. Basic problems in perception theory are also discussed, with special emphasis on hearing and sound. Because of the intrinsic interest of the subject and the author's non-technical presentation of it, the book should appeal to all readers with a serious interest in philosophy and psychology
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  • 19
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156608
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 481 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 70
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Semantics
    Kurzfassung: Conscious experience and thought content are customarily treated as distinct problems. This book argues that they are not. Part One develops a chastened empiricist theory of content, which cedes to experience a crucial role in rooting the contents of thoughts, but deploys an expanded conception of experience and of the ways in which contents may be rooted in experience. Part Two shows how, were the world as we experience it to be, our neurophysiology would be sufficient to constitute capacities for the range of intuitive thoughts recognized by Part One. Part Three argues that physics has shown that our experience is not veridical, and that this implies that no completely plausible account of how we have thoughts is comprehensible by humans. Yet this leaves thoughts not especially suspect, because such considerations also imply that all positive and contingent human conceptions of anything are false
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156325
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 267 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 19
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Psycholinguistics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Mental Symbols is an essay on mind and meaning, on the biological implementation of mental symbols, on the architecture of mind, and on the correct construal of logical properties and relations of symbols, including implication and inference. The book argues against the main contemporary trends in the cognitive sciences, preferring rather the classical early-modern tradition. The author looks at some logical paradoxes in the light of that tradition, and offers a novel answer to the problem of the biological implementation of the mind in the brain
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  • 21
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722544
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 187 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Rhetorics 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The basic theme of Metaphors: Figures of the Mind is contained in the formula that metaphoric language reflects the functioning of our thought processes. Thus, the author of this book uses language analysis as a medium through which we can perceive and analyze the way our mind functions. Results of the investigation point to the conclusion that the mind does not operate according to the representations of a logical-positivistically oriented theorist; the forms of language usage and mental mechanisms involved manifest ubiquitous nonliteralness. However, an overall metaphorical detour from the literal one-to-one correspondence is not for the sake of figurative fancy but is primarily for the purpose of achieving new significations. In such a context, that which is habitually considered to be ambiguous, vague and indeterminate, becomes a productive source of semantic creation which can often specify meaning in a more adequate way than literalness does. Metaphor emerges as a cognitive tool. It appears as an efficacious means of description and explanation, of heuristics and learning, and, as a final instance, an instrument of `worldmaking'. Bearing in mind the profound significance of the `metaphorical turn', one can extend a conventional string of definitions with an additional characterization of a human being as a `metaphorical animal'
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704397
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 317 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 266
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Humanities ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Contemporary Action Theory, Volume I (Individual Action) is concerned with topics in philosophical action theory such as reasons and causes of action, intentions, freedom of will and of action, omissions and norms in legal and ethical contexts, as well as activity, passivity and competence from medical points of view. Cognitive trying, freedom of the will and agent causation are challenges in the discussion on computers in action. The Volume consists of contributions by leading experts in the field written specifically for this volume. No comparable volume currently exists
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588713
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 179 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 265
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of the book is twofold: to give a theory of reference for the indexical `I' and to explain what is involved in thinking about oneself. The first part constitutes a critique of different solutions to the problem of how `I' refers, while the second part advances a positive account of `I' and I-thoughts. It is argued that `I' refers indirectly through a de re sense that is based on non-conceptual content. `I' expresses an individual concept with two components: a de re sense and a context-independent self-concept. Other issues that are discussed concern self-knowledge, e.g. whether there is something in specific that we have to know about ourselves to be able to self-refer, and the kind of self-consciousness that is required for self-reference. Furthermore, the notions of unity of consciousness and personal identity, as they both are presupposed by a competent use of `I', are examined. Audience: The book is intended for philosophers of mind and language with a general interest in theories of reference and meaning, and more specifically in the first person, the self, and self-knowledge
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  • 24
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    ISBN: 9789401586764
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 480 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 52
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History.
    Kurzfassung: The School of Franz Brentano provides a fascinating picture of both the life and thought of Franz Brentano and his main pupils. The volume is divided into three sections, presenting: a detailed reconstruction of Brentano's life and contributions to philosophy; separate studies of Brentano's most important students (von Ehrenfels, Husserl, Marty, Meinong, Stumpf, and Twardowski); separate studies of the main philosophical problems or areas of Brentano's writings.£/LIST£ The book is the first wide reconstruction of Brentano's intellectual legacy, with topics such as philosophy of mind, ontology, philosophy of language, logic and theory of values
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586283
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 265 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 24
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy of nature
    Kurzfassung: There is an almost inverse proportion between the influence that Husserl's Ideas II exercised on important philosophical developments in this century and the attention it has received in secondary literature. Ideas II is divided into three sections dealing with the constitution of material nature, the constitution of animal nature, and that of spiritual nature. The essays in this volume deal with various aspects of all three of these sections. The starting point of an essay is often a passage from the Husserlian text, yet each essay goes beyond the text, addressing the issues raised by Husserl's analyses
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400901131
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 308 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 178
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 178
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Philosophy of mind ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This, the second of two volumes of essays written by scholars from Québec, is dedicated to the eminent and pioneering logician, Hugues Leblanc. Together, the volumes comprise the first full-scale, English-language collection of studies in the philosophy and history of science from the French and English culture of Québec. They will be appreciated as a major contribution to North-American philosophy of science. Audience: The second volume will be of particular interest to students and scholars engaged in research in the philosophy of biology, psychology, cognitive science and economics
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  • 27
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401707855
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 187 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 68
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Aristotle's Idea of the Soul considers the nature of the soul within Aristotle's psychology and natural philosophy. A survey is provided of the contemporary interpretations of Aristotle's idea of the soul, which are prominent in the Aristotelian scholarship within the analytic tradition. These interpretations are divided into two positions: `attributivism', which considers the soul to be a property; and `substantialism', which considers it to be a thing. Taxonomies are developed for attributivism and substantialism, and the cases for each of them are considered. It is concluded that neither position may be maintained without compromise, since Aristotle ascribes to the soul features that belong exclusively to a thing and exclusively to a property. Aristotle treats the soul as a `property-thing', as a cross between a thing and a property. It is argued that Aristotle comes by this idea of the soul because his hylomorphism casts the soul as a property and his causal doctrine presents it as a causal agent and thereby as a thing
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789401587310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 270 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 69
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Neurosciences. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium on Cognitive Science, held at San Sebastian in May, 1991, to discuss from an interdisciplinary point of view topics which are at the intersection of philosophy and cognitive science. With a total of eleven papers from leading scholars in the field, the volume provides many different theoretical approaches to the study of Categories, Consciousness and Reasoning. The book is addressed to researchers, specialists, advanced students and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of mind, psychology, semantics, logic and artificial intelligence
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401732987
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 388 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 44
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Comparative Literature
    Kurzfassung: Continuing the pioneering work in the field laid bare by the uncovering the Creative Condition of the human being in literature and fine arts, the elemental passion of place leads us through the creative imagination into the labyrinths of the ontopoiesis of life itself (Tymieniecka, in her inaugural study). Essays by A-T. Tymieniecka, Mary Catanzaro, W. Smith, Jadwiga Smith, L. Dunton-Downer, Jorge García Gomez, Ch. Eykmann, Marlies Kronegger, Eldon N. van Liere, Hans Rudnik make this collection a unique contribution to literary studies as well as to the metaphysics of life and of the human condition
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401104692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 462 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 165
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 165
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. Science, Mind and Art, Volume III of Essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen focuses on issues in contemporary epistemology, aesthetics, and philosophy of mind as well as on the relations of science and human values in ethical and religious thought. It also has important new work in contemporary metaphysics, as well as in the history of philosophy, and on questions of multiculturalism in science education. Contributors include Paul Feyerabend, Adolf Grünbaum, Joseph Margolis, Joëlle Proust, Erazim Kohak, Elie Wiesel, Miriam Bienenstock, and John Silber, among others
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401736916
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (328 p. 2 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 245
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Life sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Wittgenstein: Mind and Language brings together a collection of previously unpublished essays which offer a systematic account of Wittgenstein's philosophy of mind and contribute in an absolutely new and original way to illuminating his later conception of human perceptive, emotional and cognitive language from both a theoretical and an historical point of view. The focus is on the fundamental categories of philosophical grammar, on the analysis of intentionality, of belief and Moore's paradox, on certainty and doubt, on will, memory, sensations and emotions, as well as on the theory of aspects and private language and the relationship with relativism and psychologism. In the recent literature there are undoubtedly numerous qualified publications dedicated to the themes of philosophical psychology as they emerge from Wittgenstein's Nachlaß and from his writings on this subject published in the last decade. This book, however, provides the essential points of reference of Wittgenstein's late treatment of psychological concepts in the context of the general features of his early philosophy of science and language and in the framework of the trends of his time. The book is of special interest to scholars and students, philosophers, linguists, psychologists, sociologists, cognitive scientists, logicians, historians of contemporary philosophy and science
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401100755
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 184 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 250
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: In Representational Ideas: From Plato to Patricia Churchland Watson argues that all intelligible theories of representation by ideas are based on likeness between representations and objects. He concludes that 17th century materialist criticisms of `having' mental representations in the mind apply to contemporary material representations in the brain, as proposed by neurophilosophers. The argument begins with Plato, with particular stress on Descartes, Malebranche, and Arnauld. He then proceeds with an examination of the picture theory developed by Wittgenstein, Carnap, and Goodman, and concludes with an examination of Patricia Churchland, Ruth Millikan, Robert Cummins, and Mark Rollins. The use of the historical development of representationalism to pose a central problem in contemporary cognitive science is unique. For students, scholars and researchers in neuroscience, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and modern philosophy
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  • 33
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585101
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 168 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 246
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This new study is by far the most comprehensive examination yet of a problem that involves us all: the basis of our knowledge that others have minds. It insists, against the received wisdom, that no theory of mind can avoid the problem or make it easier to solve. Nor is there any way to avoid a crucial reliance on the theorist's own experience. Alec Hyslop defends a (modified) version of the traditional analogical inference to other minds and rejects alternatives, but only after subjecting each of them to a sustained, searching examination. Other Minds is a densely argued, original contribution to philosophy that will be useful, given its comprehensiveness and its non-technical language, to all who are interested in this great issue
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  • 34
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    ISBN: 9789401104111
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 212 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 65
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Gottlob Frege's Über Sinn und Bedeutung (`On Sense and Reference'), has come to be seen, in the century since its publication in 1892, as one of the seminal texts of analytic philosophy. It, along with the rest of Frege's writings on logic and mathematics, came to mark out a whole new domain of inquiry. This volume bears witness to the continuing importance and influence of that agenda. It contains original papers written by leading Frege scholars for the conference held in 1992 in Karlovy Vary to celebrate the publication of Frege's essay. The fourteen essays show how the questions Frege discusses in that essay connect intimately with issues much debated in current philosophy of language and philosophy of mind
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401104630
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320p. 4 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 46
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; History
    Kurzfassung: The four monographs presented in this collection offer striking documentation of the seriousness, depth and originality with which phenomenology has been received and grafted upon the living tree of philosophical reflection in the Orient. Yasuhico Tomida, of the University of Tokyo, raising anew Husserl's criticism of Locke, offers a personal and innovative interpretation of Locke's theory of knowledge. In the original investigation into the origin of logic, the well-known Vietnamese phenomenologist, Tran Duc Thao, explores Husserl's theory of the `living present', while the Korean scholar Hwa Yol Jung seeks to isolate `the basic grammar' of `intercultural texts'. This foundational investigation is carried further by Tze-wan Kwan, of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, culminating in an original approach to categories as an existential root of culture
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401104616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 276 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 160
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 160
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The book is an outcome of two conferences held in Poland in 1987 and 1990. Both conferences dealt with the problem of rationality; the first put the problem in the context of the philosophy of Popper and Polanyi; and the second involved the notion of the aim of science. This book presents the most comprehensive current account of the manifold approaches to the problem of rationality and related issues. Generally speaking, some authors are convinced that the standard approach to the problem of rationality is more or less correct. They try to amend this approach and/or to reply to some objections to it. Others adopt a more radical attitude and seek inspiration in more exotic regions of philosophy of science, in particular in the philosophy of Michael Polanyi. In this case not only the problem of rationality of science is addressed but also the problem of rationality of the philosophy of science itself. What makes the book really fascinating is the common attitude of all authors in addressing fundamental issues pertaining to the problem of rationality. This results from the fact that both conferences were organized for a small number of participants and there was time for discussion within a friendly but demanding social environment. The book is primarily intended for researchers in the philosophy of science. It is also valuable to other philosophers interested in current trends in philosophy of science, to scientists of various disciplines interested in philosophy, to scientists and to graduate students in the philosophy of science
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  • 37
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    ISBN: 9789401584241
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 224 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theology and Medicine 6
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Embodiment, Morality and Medicine deals with the relevance of `embodiment' to bioethics, considering both the historical development and contemporary perspectives on the mind--body relation. The emphasis of all authors is on the importance of the body in defining personal identity as well as on the role of social context in shaping experience of the body. Among the perspectives considered are Christian, Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, and African-American. Feminist concerns are important throughout
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  • 38
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    ISBN: 9789401707930
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 457 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 17
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computational linguistics ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative? These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field. - Prologue (Margaret Boden) - Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall) - Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson) - Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton) - Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero) - Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds) - Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter) For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 40
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    ISBN: 9789401110082
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 328 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 60
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Increasingly, the mind is being treated as a fit subject for scientific inquiry. As cognitive science and empirical psychology strive to uncover the mind's secrets, it is fitting to inquire as to what distinctive role is left for philosophy in the study of mind. This collection, which includes contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field, offers a rich variety of perspectives on this issue. Topics addressed include: the place of a priori inquiry in philosophy of mind, moral psychology, consciousness, social dimensions of intentionality, the relation of logic to philosophical psychology, objectivity and the mind, and privileged access
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 240
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume is a collection of essays in appreciation, analysis and honor of Paul Ziff, one of the leading American philosophers of the post-World War II period. The essays address questions that loomed large in Ziff's own work. Essays by Zeno Vendler, Jay Rosenberg, and Tom Patton address topics in philosophy of language: understanding, misunderstanding, rules, regularities, and proper names. Michael Resnik examines the nature of numbers, Rita Nolan addresses `mutant predicates', and Peter Alexander discusses microscopes and corpuscles. Douglas C. Long ruminates on Ziff's claim that machines can neither think nor feel. The essays of Dale Jamieson, Bill E. Lawson, Douglas Dempster, and Joseph Ullian address various questions in aesthetics: aesthetic appreciation and morality, expression, the scope of appreciation, and the aesthetics of sport. In the spirit of Ziff, Douglas Stalker criticizes some of the `mush' that looms large in our intellectual lives. The volume begins with a reminiscence by Paul Benacerraf, and ends with selections from an unpublished volume of plays by Paul Ziff. The volume should appeal to anyone whose work has been influenced by Ziff, or is interested in central philosophical problems concerning language, mind, and art
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401720410
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 448 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 241
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Professor Donald Davidson is one of the most innovative and influential recent philosophers. Ranging over a variety of topics in the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology, his system of thought is unified by his inquiries into the nature of interpretation and understanding the speech and behavior of others. Together with its introduction, Language, Mind and Epistemology examines Davidson's unified stance towards philosophy by joining American and European authors within a collection of essays, published here for the first time. The authors discuss the central topics in Davidson's latest philosophy: his holistic truth-theoretic stance towards meaning and understanding, the epistemology of interpretation and translation, the externalist viewpoint in epistemology, the anti-Cartesian approach in accounting for first person authority, the thesis of anomalous monism, and the holistic conception of the mental
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401722391
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 201 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The book makes a direct contribution to the connection between phenomenology and cognitive science. Continuing Husserl's science of consciousness, the author shows that consciousness is structured in all sorts of ways and that it is very complicated, with one kind of consciousness being enclosed within other kinds. In particular, he provides a notation to reveal the structures of consciousness more vividly, thus fixing and isolating issues and allowing for rational, communicable analysis of conscious awareness. With this tool, clear-cut distinctions among different forms of mentally representing and thereby intentionally referring to something are elaborated. The notation might also be of assistance in present day discussions about parallelism in computer architecture and programming. For philosophers of mind, cognitive scientists and psychologists, phenomenologists, neuroscientists interested in consciousness
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789401711418
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 253 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 15
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this book is to illustrate how empirical and conceptual problems interact in modern cognitive science. A multidisciplinary approach encourages us to redraw the boundaries between conceptual and empirical research. The pervading theme is the distinction between ontology and phenomenology. Part I, Cognitive models of consciousness, reviews and evaluates the contemporary discussion concerning consciousness. We suggest that the first-person, phenomenological point of view should be preserved in theories of consciousness. Part II, Cognitive schemata, deals with methodological issues, especially with cognitive explanations in anthropology. In Part III, Relativism and cognitivism, the classical problem of relativism inherent in the study of doxastic diversity is studied in the novel context provided by cognitivism. Cognitivism appears to provide a solution to the problem of relativism, but, by the same token, it invites a more profound version of relativism. For students and scholars in cognitive science, especially those working in cognitive anthropology and neuropsychology. The book does not require any previous education in philosophy. The philosophical themes and their relevance in modern empirical research are presented in accessible form. The book can be used as a university textbook for the courses that serve to introduce the students to the philosophical background of cognitive science
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401580205
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 424 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 222
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The argument of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Critique of Pure Reason is the deepest and most far-reaching in philosophy. In his new book, Robert Howell interprets main themes of the Deduction using ideas from contemporary philosophy and intensional logic, thereby providing a keener grasp of Kant's many subtleties than has hitherto been available. No other work pursues Kant's argument through every twist and turn with the careful, logically detailed attention maintained here. Surprising new accounts of apperception, the concept of an object, the logical functions of thought, the role of the Metaphysical Deduction, and Kant's relations to his Aristotelian-Cartesian background are developed. Howell makes a precise contribution to the discussion of most of the disputed issues in the history of Deduction interpretation. Controversial in its conclusions, this book demands the attention of all who take seriously the task of understanding Kant's work and evaluating it dispassionately
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  • 46
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722520
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 457 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 13
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Many metaphors go beyond pionting to the existing similarities between two objects -- they create the similarities. Such metaphors, which have been relegated to the back seat in most of the cognitive science research, are the focus of attention in this study, which addresses the creation of similarity within an elaborately laid out interactive framework of cognition. Starting from the constructivist views of Nelson Goodman and Jean Piaget, this framework resolves an apparent paradox in interactionism: how can reality not have a mind-independent ontology and structure, but still manage to constrain the possible worlds a cognitive agent can create in it? A comprehensive theory of metaphor is proposed in this framework that explains how metaphors can create similarities, and why such metaphors are an invaluable asset to cognition. The framework is then applied to related issues of analogical reasoning, induction, and computational modeling of creative metaphors
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401125529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 203 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 53
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: I Understanding Emotions -- The Intentionality of Emotions -- II Intentionality -- III Emotions and Belief -- IV Component Theories of Emotions -- V Evaluative Theories of Emotions -- VI The Belief-Desire Theory of Emotions -- The Economy of Mind -- VII Emotional Behavior -- VIII Emotional Affectivity -- Dimensions of Emotions -- IX Activity and Passivity -- X Positive and Negative Emotions -- References.
    Kurzfassung: Philosophical theories of emotions, and to an extent some theories of scientific psychology, represent attempts to capture the essence of emotions basically as they are conceived in common sense psychology. Although there are problems, the success of explanations of our behavior in terms of believes, desires and emotions creates a presumption that, at some level of abstraction, they reflect important elements in our psychological nature. It is incumbent on a theory of emotions to provide an account of two salient facts about emotions as conceived in common sense psychology. As intentional states, emotions have representational and rational properties: emotions represent states of affairs; and they are rationally related to other mental representations, figure in rational explanations of behavior, and are open to rational assessment. Emotions also have a close relationship to a range of non-intentional phenomena: in typical cases, emotions involve physiological changes, usually associated with the activation of the autonomic nervous system, which are proprioceptively experienced; and they often involve behavioral tendencies, as well.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 207 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 11
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: When agency or intentional causation has occurred the theory presented here identifies an object ascribable to the agent -- his action -- which, through its properties, reveals its intentional cause. Such a unified view of agency and action leads to unitary views of intention and the intentional and of all explanatory objects ascribable to agents. While at odds in these matters with the prevailing theories of action, the semantics of this explanatory theory is shown to better satisfy widely accepted criteria for a viable theory of action. The revelatory character of action and its essential reference to agency shows that action theory needs agency theory. To this end, a logic of practical rational agency is developed which is intended to be neutral between competing theories of mind. A sketch of this model of agency and action, analyzes cases of agency in natural discourse. PRAGMA and its manual are available separately. This work is of interest to theorists concerned with the fundamental practical rational structure of persons, their actions and the discourse appropriate to them: to philosophers and to political, legal, AI and economic theorists
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401124645
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 381 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Kurzfassung: What Robots Can and Can't Be is a self-contained, rigorous, sustained argument for the unique, two-sided position that: (side one) Al will continue to produce machines with greater and greater capacity to pass stronger and stronger versions of the Turing Test; but that (side two) the `Person Building Project' (the attempt by cognitive engineers to build a machine which is a person) will inevitably fail. The defense of side two rests in large part on a refutation of the proposition that persons are automata -- a refutation involving an array of issues, from free will to Gödel to introspection to Searle and beyond. The defense of side one brings the reader face to face with Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson as they tackle perhaps their toughest case (`Silver Blaze'); the upshot of this visit with Conan Doyle's duo is an algorithm-sketch for the solving of murder mysteries. Side two also involves a look at the author's mechanical' approach to writing fiction, and the philosophical side of computerized story generation. The volume is peppered with numerous illustrations, all quite professionally done
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 51
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    ISBN: 9789400921610
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 46
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer science ; History ; Linguistics.
    Kurzfassung: Socratic and Platonic Sources of Cognitivism -- The First Functionalist -- Mental Representations in Later Medieval Scholasticism -- Ockham on Mental Language -- Linguistics and Descartes -- Spinoza’s Science of the ‘Idea of the Body’ -- Leibnizian Resonances -- Hume and Cognitive Science -- Reid and the Contemporary View of Consciousness -- Kant’s Functionalism -- Kant’s Dedicated Cognitivist System -- Husserl and the Representational Theory of Mind -- The Introspectionism of Titchener -- Analytic Philosophy and Mental Phenomena -- Intuitive Psychologists: Mental Activities and Their Parts.
    Kurzfassung: My interest in gathering together a collection of this sort was generated by a fortuitous combination of historical studies under Professor Keith Lehrer and studies in cognitive science under Professor R. Michael Harnish at the University of Arizona. Work on the volume began there while I was an instructor in the Department of Linguistics and was greatly encouraged by participants in the Faculty Seminar on Cognitive Science chaired by Professor Lance J. Rips. I wish to express my appreciation to all of these and to many other individuals with whom I discussed the possibility of contribution to this work. I am especially grateful to the authors of the essays included here, as they showed more patience than I could have hoped for in seeing me through a number of uncertain stages in development of the project. My thanks are also due to my colleague Charles Reid for assistance in reviewing submissions, to Tim McFadden for computer resources, and again, to Keith Lehrer for continuing advice in arrangements for publication. Financial support for manuscript preparation was provided in part under University Research Grant No. 617 from the University Research Council, Youngstown State University.
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 302 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 6
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Prologue -- Connectionism and Three Levels of Nativism -- I / Concepts and Content -- Explanation and the Language of Thought -- Conceptual Dependency as the Language of Thought -- Functionalism and Inverted Spectra -- Concepts and Conceptual Change -- Beyond the Exclusively Propositional Era -- II / Semantics and Knowledge -- Can Semantics by Syntactic? -- Form and Content in Semantics -- Knowledge and the Regularity Theory of Information -- Melancholic Epistemology -- Human Understanding -- Epilogue -- Framing the Frame Problem -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interest from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental powers of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimen­ tal, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume reflects the kind of insights that can be obtained when research workers in philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science explore problems of common concern. The issues here tend to fall into two broad but varied sets, namely: those concerned with content and concepts, on the one hand, and those concerned with semantics and epistemology, on the other. The collection begins with a prologue that focuses upon the relations between connectionism and alternative conceptions of nativism and ends with an epilogue that examines the significance of alternative conceptions of the Frame Problem for artificial intelligence. Because these papers are rich and diverse, they ought to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous audience. J.H.F.
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  • 53
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    ISBN: 9789401135245
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 473 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 9
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Overview -- Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind: An Overview -- II. Connectionism vs. Classical Cognitive Science -- Connectionism, Computation, and Cognition -- Connectionism and the Notion of Levels -- Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems -- What Connectionists Cannot Do: The Threat to Classical AI -- III. Connectionism and Conditioning -- Connectionism in Pavlovian Harness -- Connectionism and Conditioning -- IV. Does Cognition Require Syntactically Structured Representations? -- Systematicity, Structured Representations and Cognitive Architecture: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- An Explanatory Budget for Connectionism and Eliminativism -- Settling into a New Paradigm -- Putting a Price on Cognition -- V. Can Connectionism Provide Syntactically Structured Representations? -- The Constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- Representation in Pictorialism and Connectionism -- Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity: Why Smolensky’s Solution Doesn’t Work -- Classical Questions, Radical Answers: Connectionism and the Structure of Mental Representations -- Connectionism versus Symbolism in High-Level Cognition -- VI. Connectionism and Philosophy -- Connectionism and the Specter of Representationalism -- Is Perception Cognitively Mediated -- Leaping to Conclusions: Connectionism, Consciousness, and the Computational Mind -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. One of the most, if not the most, exciting developments within cognitive science has been the emergence of connectionism as an alternative to the computational conception of the mind that tends to dominate the discipline. In this volume, John Tienson and Terence Horgan have brought together a fine collection of stimulating studies on connectionism and its significance. As the Introduction explains, the most pressing questions concern whether or not connectionism can provide a new conception of the nature of mentality. By focusing on the similarities and differences between connectionism and other approaches to cognitive science, the chapters of this book supply valuable resources that advance our understanding of these difficult issues. J.H.F.
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9789400905474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies of Classical India 11
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Notes -- One: The Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] and its Religious Content -- 1 Chandrakirti and the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 2 Three Systems of Thought that can be Isolated in the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 3 The Context of the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 4 The Profound and Extensive Contents -- Notes -- Two: The Profound View -- 1 The Cognitive Basis of Madhyamika Soteriology -- 2 The Philosophy of Emptiness (sunyavada) -- 3 Madhyamika Analyses -- 4 Analysis of Phenomena (dharma) -- 5 Analysis of the Person (pudgala) -- 6 Critique of Buddhist Phenomenalism (vijnanavada) -- 7 Some Meta-logical Observation -- 8 The Middle Path and Relational Origination -- 9 The Profound Path Structure -- Notes -- Three: Analysis and Insight -- 1 Western Interpretation of the Problem -- 2 Chandrakirti’s Statement on the Relationship -- 3 The Structural Foundations of Analysis -- 4 Patterns of Analysis in the Introduction to the Middle Way [MA] -- 5 Logical and Experiential Consequences -- 6 Contingency and Necessity in Consequential Analysis -- Notes -- Four: Insight and Extensive Deeds -- 1 Common-sense World-view -- 2 The Yogin’s Practices -- 3 The Bodhisattvas’ Path -- 4 The Buddha-nature -- 5 The Relations between the Profound and Extensive Contents -- 6 Insight and the Fully Evolved Mind -- Notes -- Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: This study is mainly the outcome of work completed as a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Queensland. However, it has been revised in many ways since its preparation in dissertation form. Many people have contributed to the study and I am concerned that I may fail to mention everyone who has assisted me. My first introduction to The Introduction to the Middle Way (Madhyamakavatara) came through a course I attended at a Buddhist Centre in Queensland called Chenrezig Institute. The course was given by Ven. Geshe Loden, originally of Sera Monastery in India, and was translated by Ven. Zasep Tulku. Besides participating in this course I also attended a number of other courses on Madhyamika presented by these and other lamas in Australia and in Nepal. I was also fortunate to spend a semester at the University of Wisconsin - Madison studying with Professor Geshe Lhundup Sopa. At different times I had the opportunity to discuss, in person or through correspondence, aspects of the study with a number of leading scholars. Professors J.W. de Jong, Robert Thurman, Jeffrey Hopkins and Paul Williams gave freely of their expertise although in some cases I know that I was unable to take full advantage of their suggestions. Special mention and thanks go Professor Fred Streng who supported the study and gave most graciously of his time. In Australia I would like to thank my advisers at the University of Queensland, Drs. Ross Reat, Arvind Sharma and Richard Hutch.
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  • 55
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    ISBN: 9789400920613
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 49
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Approaches to Natural Language -- 1. Sentences and Saying -- 2. Saying and Semantics -- 3. Saving Sentences, and What Is Said -- 4. Sentences and Propositions -- 2: Indexicality -- 1. Indexical Expressions -- 2. Some Examples -- 3. Too Many Indexicals? -- 4. The Eliminability of Indexicals -- 5. Russell’s Theory of Descriptions -- 3: Alternate Approaches -- 1. The Role of Context -- 2. Donnellan, Sentence Meaning and Speaker Meaning -- 3. The Demonstrative ’The’ -- 4: Prolegomenon to a Theory of Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Approaches to Reference -- 2. Desiderata For A Theory of Speaker References -- 3. The Causal Theory -- 4. A Further Constraint -- 5: Speaker Reference -- 1. Two Unsatisfactory Intention-Based Views -- 2. A Fresh Start -- 3. Objections to the Sufficiency of the Conditions -- 4. Objections to the Necessity of the Conditions -- 5. Utterances Involving More Than One Hearer, and in the Absence of An Audience -- 6: Predication, and What is Said -- 1. Speaker Predication -- 2. A Theory of Speaker Predication -- 3. What Is Said -- 4. An Objection -- 5. Brevity and Sentence Fragments -- 6. Unusual But Important Cases -- 7: Concerning Fiction and Fictions -- 1. What Is To Be Explained -- 2. How Not To Explain It -- 3. A Better Explanation -- 4. Some Complications Concerning Fictions -- 8: Further Implications -- 1. Epistemology and the Philosophy of Language -- 2. Methodological Solipsism -- 3. The Intentional Fallacy, and Deconstruction -- 4. What If This Is All Wrong? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The notion of what someone says is, perhaps surprisingly, some­ what less clear than we might be entitled to expect. Suppose that I utter to my class the sentence 'I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week'. A student who was unable to get up in time for class that day asks another what I said about the assignment. Several replies are in the offing. One, an oratio recta or direct speech report, is 'He said, "I want you to write a paper reconciling the things Russell claims about propositions in The Philosophy of Mathematics for next week. '" Another, an oratio obliqua or indirect speech report, consists in the response 'He said that he wants us to write a paper reconciling . . . '. Yet another, reflecting a perhaps accurate estimate of the task involved, editorializes: 'He said he wants us to do the impossible'. Or, aware of both this and my quaint custom of barring those who have not successfully completed the assignment from the classroom, one might retort 'He said he doesn't want to meet next week'. Since 'says' is construable in these various ways, it is at best unhelpful to write something like 'Alice said "Your paper is two days late", thereby saying that Tom's paper was two days late.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400905559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 31
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Anthropology
    Kurzfassung: Introductory Study -- The Human Condition within the Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive: A Challenge to Philosophical Anthropologies -- I The Phenomenology of the Moral Sense of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- The Moral Sense: An Appraisal -- The Phenomenologico-Sociological Conception of the “Human Being-on-the-Brink-of-Existence”: A New Approach to Socio-Communal Psychiatry -- II Human Selfhood and Personal Identity Within Communal Bonds -- Truth, Authenticity, and Culture -- Man within the Limit of the I: Some Considerations on Husserl’s Philosophy from the Thought of Nicola Abbagnano -- Narrating the Self -- Sartre’s Account of the Self in The Transcendence of the Ego -- The Concept of “Person” between Existence and the Realm of Life -- The Truth and Identity of a Person and of a People -- III The Moral Sense, Ethics, and Social Justice -- Ethics and Subjectivity Today -- Moral Sense, Community, and the Individual: Georg Simmel’s Position in an Ongoing Discussion -- Personal Identity and Concrete Values -- The Moral Act -- Scientific Phenomenology and Bioethics -- Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict of History -- The Justice of Mercy: Reflections on Law, Social Theory and Heidegger’s “Everyday” -- Ceki? und Lukács über die Ontologie des gesellschaftlichen Seins: Die Prioritätsfrage -- The Phenomenology of Value and the Value of Phenomenology -- IV Human Selfhood, Will, Personal Development, and Community Life in a Psychiatric Perspective -- Some Epistemological Aspects of Present-Day Psychopathology -- Ethics in the Psyche’s Individuating Development towards the Self -- Free Will in Psychopaths: A Phenomenological Description -- The Problem of the Unconscious in the Later Thought of L. Binswanger: A Phenomenological Approach to Delusion in Perception and Communication -- The Unattainability of the Norm -- “The Emotional Residence”: An Italian Experience of the Treatment of Chronic Psychosis -- Hacia un concepto significativo de lo patologico y lo sano, de lo anormal y lo normal -- Husserl, Child Education, and Creativity -- Recovering the Moral Sense of Health Care from Academic Reification -- V The Historicity of the Human Person: Development, Intersubjectivity, Truth and Time -- Edmund Husserl: Intersubjectivity between Epoché and History -- The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger -- Husserl’s Concept of Horizon: An Attempt at Reappraisal -- Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior -- The Role of Historicity in Man’s Creative Experience: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideas of Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and the Hermeneutical School -- The Reality and Structure of Time: A Neo-Hegelian Paradox in the Conceptual Network of Phenomenology -- Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel -- Index of Names.
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9789400905054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Primary Sources in Phenomenology 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Brentano and Marty on Content: A Synthesis suggested by Brentano -- 1 Brentano’s Final View -- 2 Attribution in Modo Recto and in Modo Obliquo -- 3 Object and Content -- 4 Other Intentional Attitudes -- 5 Immanent Objects and Transcendent Objects -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty’s Philosophical Grammar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Descriptive Psychology of Meaning: Linguistic Functions -- 3 Propositions Show What would be the Case were they True -- 4 Vagueness -- 5 Meaning Change, Inner Form and Universals -- 6 Marty and Wittgenstein: Two Conceptions of Philosophical Grammar -- Meaning and Expression: Marty and Grice on Intentional Semantics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Philosophy of Language as a General Theory -- 3 Natural and Non-Natural Meaning -- 4 Primary and Secondary Intentions -- 5 Auto-Semantic Language Devices -- 6 Conclusion -- Marty on Form and Content in Language -- 1 Inner Speech Form in some of Marty’s Early Works -- 2 Logic, Grammar and Psychology -- 3 Form and Content in Marty’s Later Works -- 4 Some Fundamental Tenets of Universal Grammar -- Why a Proper Name has a Meaning: Marty and Landgrebe vs. Kripke -- 1 Preliminaries -- 2 Kripke’s View -- 3 The Question of the Semantic Status of Proper Names -- 4 Meaning and Lexical Meaning -- 5 Reference and Meaning in Marty -- 6 Ambiguity and Vagueness -- 7 Landgrebe’s Solution -- 8 Conclusion -- The Categorical and the Thetic Judgement Reconsidered -- 1 Marty and Transformational Grammar -- 2 Categorical and Thetic Judgements -- 3 Reinterpreting the Categorical-Thetic Distinction -- 4 Conclusion -- Classical and Modern Work on Universals: The Philosophical Background and Marty’s Contribution -- 1 Categories of Meaning vs. Categories of Expression -- 2 Relativism and Colour -- 3 Natural Non-Absolute Universals -- Marty and Magnus on Colours -- Brentano and Marty: An Inquiry into Being and Truth -- 1 Aristotle and Brentano -- 2 Existence and Reality -- 3 Bases and Operations -- 4 Collectives are Non-Real -- 5 Relations are Non-Real -- 6 Space is Non-Real -- 7 States of Affairs are Non-Real -- 8 On the Origins of our Concepts of Existence and Truth -- 9 A Correspondence Theory of Intentionality -- 10 The Ontology of Truth -- 11 Wertverhalte or Value-Contents -- 12 A Postscript on Martian Aesthetics -- Marty on Grounded Relations -- Marty on Time -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tasks of a Philosophy of Time -- 3 Marty on the Ontology of Time -- 4 Marty on the Consciousness of Time -- 5 Conclusion -- Marty’s Theory of Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Marty’s Two Basic Metaphysical Theses -- 3 A Sketch of Marty’s Argument -- 4 Conclusion -- Judgement-Contents -- 1 Preliminary Remark -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Marty’s Judgement-Contents -- 4 Comments -- 5 Final Remark -- of Consciousness and States of Affairs: Daubert and Marty -- 1 Phenomenologists and Brentanists -- 2 Marty on Subjectless Sentences -- 3 Daubert’s Discussion of Marty -- 4 Shortcomings in Marty -- 5 Marty’s Theory in Phenomenological Perspective -- Marty and the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Two Letters from Marty to Husserl -- A Bibliography of Works by and on Anton Marty -- 1 Works by Marty -- 2 Works on Marty -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 58
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    ISBN: 9789400920897
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 214
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. On the Origin of the Philosophical Investigations -- 2. Language-Games as Context of Meaning -- 1. The psychological theory of meaning -- 2. Horizontal and vertical language-games -- 3. Agreement in Forms of Life -- 1. Internal relations -- 2. Justifications without end, end without justification.. -- 3. Forms of life and constitutive rules -- 4. My Mind: First Person Statements -- 1. Robinson Crusoe and private language -- 2. Four misleading analogies -- 3. Description of one’s inner -- 5. Other Minds: Third Person Statements -- 1. The asymmetry of observation and expression -- 2. The hidden inner -- 3. ‘Einstellung zur Seele’ -- 4. ‘Menschenkenntnis’ and indeterminacy -- 6. The Meaning of Aspects -- 1. ‘Meaning-theory’ versus ‘Gestalt-theory’ -- 2. Seeing-as and organization -- 3. Seeing-as and interpretation -- 4. Seeing and thinking -- 5. Secondary meaning and aspect -- 7. The Grammar of Psychological Concepts -- 1. Sensations and impressions -- 2. Emotions -- 3. Images and fancies -- 4. Inner states’ and expecting -- 5. Feelings of tendency -- 6. Willing -- 8. Conclusion: Wittgenstein and the Turing Test -- Appendix of German Quotations.
    Kurzfassung: Wittgenstein's aphoristic style holds great charm, but also a great danger: the reader is apt to glean too much from a single fragment and too little from the fragments as a whole. In my first confron­ tations with the Philosophical Investigations I was such a reader, and so, it turned out, were most of the writers on Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Wittgenstein's remarkable ability to bring together many facets of his thought in one fragment is fully exploited in the critical literature; but hardly any attention is paid to the connection with other fragments, let alone to the many hitherto unpublished manuscripts of which the Philosophical Investigations is the final product. The result of this fragmentary and ahistorical approach to Wittgenstein's later work is a host of contradictory interpretations. What Wittgenstein really wanted to say remains insufficiently clear. Opinions are also strongly divided about the value of his work. Some authors have been encouraged by his aphorisms and rhetorical questions to dismiss the whole Cartesian tradition or to halt new movements in linguistics or psychology; others, exasperated, reject his philo­ sophy as anti-scientific conceptual conservatism. After consulting unpublished notebooks and manuscripts which Wittgenstein wrote between 1929 and 1951, I became a very different reader. Wittgenstein turned out to be a kind of Leonardo da Vinci, who pursued a form from which every sign of chisel­ ling, every attempt at improvement, had been effaced.
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9789400925953
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 155
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Kurzfassung: I / Introduction -- 1. The Revival of Mental Philosophy -- 2. Mechanism -- 3. Naturalism -- 4. Two Problems of Mind -- II / What Is a Rule of Mind? -- 1. Signals and Control -- 2. Turing Machines -- 3. Logic and Logic of Mind -- 4. Nerve Networks and Finite Automata -- 5. Computer Logic -- 6. Glimpses from Psychology -- 7. Summary on Rules -- III / Behavior and Structure -- 1. Some Varieties of Automata -- 2. Fitting and Guiding -- 3. Empirical Realism -- IV / Mechanism — Arguments PRO and CON -- 1. Thinking Machines -- 2. The Argument from Analogy -- 3. Psychological Explanation and Church’s Thesis -- 4. On the Dissimilarity of Behaviors -- 5. Computers, Determinism, and Action -- 6. Summary to the Main Argument from Analogy -- V / Functionalism, Rationalism, and Cognitivism -- 1. Psychological and Automaton States -- 2. Behaviorism -- 3. Neorationalism -- 4. Cognitivism -- VI / The Logic of Acceptance -- 1. Universals, Gestalten, and Taking -- 2. Acceptance -- 3. Expectation -- 4. Family Resemblances -- VII / Perception -- 1. Perceptual Objects -- 2. Perception Perspectives -- VIII / Belief and Desire -- 1. Perceptual Belief -- 2. Desire -- 3. A Model of Desire -- 4. Standing Belief — Representation -- IX / Reference and Truth -- 1. Pure Semantics versus User Semantics -- 2. Belief Sentences -- 3. Denotation -- 4. A Theory of Truth -- 5. Adequacy -- X / Toward Meaning -- 1. Linguistic Meaning -- 2. Propositions -- 3. Intensions of Names and Predicates -- XI / Psychological Theory and the Mindbrain Problem -- 1. Realism and Reduction -- 2. Explanation -- 3. Free Will -- 4. Mental Occurrents -- Table of Figures, Formulas, and Tables -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents a mechanist philosophy of mind. I hold that the human mind is a system of computational or recursive rules that are embodied in the nervous system; that the material presence of these rules accounts for perception, conception, speech, belief, desire, intentional acts, and other forms of intelligence. In this edition I have retained the whole of the fIrst edition except for discussion of issues which no longer are relevant in philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology. Earlier reference to disputes of the 1960's and 70's between hard-line empiricists and neorationalists over the psychological status of grammars and language acquisition, for instance, has simply been dropped. In place of such material I have entered some timely or new topics and a few changes. There are brief references to the question of computer versus distributed processing (connectionist) theories. Many of these questions dissolve if one distinguishes as I now do in Chapter II between free and embodied algorithms. I have also added to my comments on artifIcal in­ telligence some reflections. on Searle's Chinese Translator. The irreducibility of machine functionalist psychology in my version or any other has been exaggerated. Input, output, and state entities are token identical to physical or biological things of some sort, while a machine system as a collection of recursive rules is type identical to representatives of equivalence classes. This nuld technicality emerges in Chapter XI. It entails that so-called "anomalous monism" is right in one sense and wrong in another.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400923607
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 44
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Coherence, Justification, and Knowledge: The Current Debate -- I. Abstracts of Contributed Essays -- II. Focus: The Work of Keith Lehrer -- 1. Lehrer’s Coherentism and the Isolation Objection -- 2. Personal Coherence, Objectivity and Reliability -- 3. Fundamental Troubles With the Coherence Theory -- 4. Lehrer’s Coherence Theory of Knowledge -- 5. How Reasonable is Lehrer’s Coherence Theory? Beats Me. -- 6. When Can What You Don’t Know Hurt You? -- III. Focus: Laurence Bonjour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 1. BonJour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 2. BonJour’s Coherence Theory of Justification -- 3. BonJour’s Coherentism -- 4. Circularity, Non-Linear Justification, and Holistic Coherentism -- 5. Coherentist Theories of Knowledge Don’t Apply to Enough Outside of Science and Don’t Give the Right Results When Applied to Science -- 6. The St. Elizabethan World -- 7. Coherence, Observation, and the Justification of Empirical Belief -- 8. Epistemic Priority and Coherence -- 9. BonJour’s Anti-Foundationalist Argument -- 10. Foundations -- IV. Focus: Coherence and Related Epistemic Concerns -- 1. The Unattainability of Coherence -- 2. Epistemically Justified Opinion -- 3. The Multiple Faces of Knowing: The Hierarchies of Epistemic Species -- 4. Equilibrium in Coherence? -- V. Coherentists Respond -- 1. Coherence and the Truth Connection: A Reply to My Critics -- 2. Replies and Clarifications.
    Kurzfassung: The subtitle of this book should be read as a qualification as much as an elaboration of the title. If the goal were completeness, then this book would have included essays on the work of other philosophers such as Wilfrid Sellars, Nicholas Rescher, Donald Davidson, Gilbert Harman and Michael Williams. Although it would be incorrect to say that each of these writers has set forth a version of the coherence theory of justification and knowledge, it is clear that their work is directly relevant, and reaction to it could easily fill a companion volume. This book concentrates, however, on the theories of Keith Lehrer and Laurence BonJour, and I doubt that any epistemologist would deny that they are presently the two leading proponents of coherentism. A sure indication of this was the ease with which the papers in this volume were solicited and delivered. The many authors represented here were willing, prepared, and excited to join in the discussion of BonJour's and Lehrer's recent writings. I thank each one personally for agreeing so freely to contribute. All of the essays but two are published for the first time here. Marshall Swain's and Alvin Goldman's papers were originally presented at a symposium on BonJour's The Structure of Empirical Knowledge at the annual meeting of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association, Chicago, Illinois, in April, 1987.
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  • 61
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    ISBN: 9789400922655
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 433 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Pragmatism
    Kurzfassung: One The Method of Phenomenological Reductions -- “Wir wollen auf den ‘Sachen selbst’ zurückgehen” -- 1. The Transcendental Phenomenological Reductions -- 2. Specific Transcendental Phenomenological Procedures -- 3. Further Transcendental Procedures -- 4. The Order of Transcendental Phenomenological inquiry That Wills to Return to the “Things Themselves” -- Two Transcendental Phenomenology of Space, Time, Other -- The Problem, Plan and Historical Setting of the Constitution of Space and Time -- 5. Transcendental Phenomenological Unbuilding to the Tactually, Visually, and Auditorily Presented in Prespace -- 6. Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Quasi-Objective Space In Primary Passivity -- 7. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Phantom Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological ‘Deduction’ of Space -- 8. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of primordial Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological “Deduction” of Time -- 9. Time, Space, Other -- Notes -- List of Works Cited.
    Kurzfassung: This book has two parts. The first part is chiefly concerned with critically establishing the universally necessary order of the various steps of transcendental phenomenological method; the second part provides specific cases of phenomenological analysis that illustrate and test the method established in the first part. More than this, and perhaps even more important in the long run, the phenomeno­ logical analyses reported in the second part purport a foundation for drawing phenomenological-philosophical conclusions about prob­ lems of space perception, "other minds," and time perception. The non-analytical, that is, the literary, sources of this book are many. Principal among them are the writings of Husserl (which will be accorded a special methodological function) as well as the writings of his students of the Gottingen and Freiburg years. Of the latter especially important are the writings and, when memory serves, the lectures of Dorion Cairns and Aron Gurwitsch. Of the former especially significant are the writings of Heinrich Hofmann, Wilhelm Schapp, and Hedwig COlilrad-Martius.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789400924239
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (270p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 208
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. Reconstruction of the history of medieval and (post-) Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs. Basic epistemological contrasts -- III. The formation of competing optical traditions in early and late antiquity -- (1) The various ‘optical’ research traditions in early and late antiquity represent rival research programs into the theory of visual perception -- (2) The Aristotelian theory of vision -- (3) The Stoic-Galenic tradition -- (4) The geometrical tradition -- IV. The Identity Postulate at work in various research programs in the theory of vision during late antiquity and during the Arab and European Middle Ages -- (1) The Identity Postulate at work in the Stoic-Galenic theory of vision -- (2) The Identity Postulate at work in the geometrical tradition in the theory of vision -- (3) The Identity Postulate at work in Alhazen’s theory of vision -- (4) The Identity Postulate reinforced by the Baconian-Alhazenian synthesis in optical theory. Internal explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction -- (5) The internal disintegration of the research program defined by the Identity Postulate during the 16th century -- V. The mathematization of physics and the mechanization of the world-picture gradually prepared in the development of medieval optics rather than in that of terrestrial or celestial mechanics -- VI. Mechanicism and the rise of an information theory of perception. A naturalistic reconstruction of (post-) Cartesian epistemology -- (1) Keplerian dioptrics, Cartesian mechanicism, and the rise of justificationist methodologies -- (2) Complete demonstration in science impossible. The need of conjectural theories affirmed -- (3) Ambivalence towards any alleged sources of ‘immediate’ knowledge. Epistemology founded on an empirical theory of the senses and the mind -- (4) The rise of an information theory of perception. Internal tensions of the representationist research program -- (5) The representationist research program -- (6) Malebranche and the Cartesian research program into optical epistemology -- (7) Conclusion -- VII. Epistemological issues underlying the nineteenth century controversies in physiological optics. The Helmholtzian Program -- (1) The 18th century. Rationalist and empiricist developments. Cross-fertilizations of originally competing programs -- (2) The Helmholtzian research program into the theory of perception. The true logic of discovery revealed by rational reconstruction of the grand movement of intellectual history rather than by ‘faithful’ intellectual biographies -- (3) The relevance of German Romanticism to the Helmholtzian program -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of subliminal cognitive activity -- (5) Helmholtz’s research program contrasted with competing epistemological programs -- VIII. The interplay between philosophy and physiology in Helmholtz’s view -- (1) Helmholtz’s conception of philosophy in historical perspective -- (2) Müller’s Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of color vision -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of physiological acoustics -- (5) The philosophical significance of the Principle of Specific Sense Energies -- IX. Helmholtz’s theory of the perception of space -- (1) Sensation and perception -- (2) The general idea of space and perceptual localization -- (3) The intuitionist theories of Müller and Hering -- (4) Helmholtz’s empirical theory of perception -- (5) Methodological arguments in defense of the empirical theory of perception -- (6) The philosophical significance of the intuitionist-empiricist controversy -- (7) The general idea of space -- X. Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inferences -- (1) The need of an empirical non-introspective psychology -- (2) Helmholtz’s theory not a mechanistic theory, but a truly cognitive theory of information processing -- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of a continuum of cognitive functions beyond the edge of consciousness and beyond the grasp of verbal articulation -- (4) Helmholtz’s theory dogmatically dismissed by the twentieth century ban on psychologism. Yet his cognitive theory superior as compared to traditional alternatives -- (5) The synthetic functions of subconscious mental operations according to 19th and 20th century theoretical developments. The problem of realism -- XI. The epistemological outcome of Helmholtz’s naturalism. Hypothetical realism -- (1) Helmholtz’s novel theory of causality in its relation to Kant, Reid and traditional empiricism -- (2) Lack of an adequate psychology. Weaknesses of Helmholtz’s theory -- List of abbreviations.
    Kurzfassung: Cognitive science, in Howard Gardner's words, has a relatively short history but a very long past. While its short history has been the subject of quite a few studies published in recent years, the current book focuses instead on its very long past. It explores the emergence of the conceptual framework that was necessary to make the rise of modem cognitive science possible in the first place. Over the long course of the history of the theory of perception and of cognition, various conceptual breakthroughs can be discerned that have contributed significantly to the conception of the mind as a physical symbol system with intricate representational capacities and unimaginably rich computational resources. In historical retrospect such conceptual transitions-seemingly sudden and unannounced-are typically foreshadowed in the course of enduring research programs that serve as slowly developing theoretical con­ straint structures gradually narrowing down the apparent solution space for the scientific problems at hand. Ultimately the fundamental problem is either resolved to the satisfaction of the majority of researchers in the area of investigation, or else-and much more commonly-one or more of the major theoretical constraints is abandoned or radically modified, giving way to entirely new theoretical vistas. In the history of the theory of perception this process can be witnessed at vari­ ous important junctures.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400911819
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (262p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 7
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 7
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why There Still Has To Be a Language of Thought -- How Much of the Mind is a Computer? -- Computational Functional Psychology: Problems and Prospects -- Belief and Responsibility -- Mental Images: Should Cognitive Science Learn from Neurophysiology? -- How NOT to Naturalize the Theory of Action -- Notes Toward a Faculty Theory of Cognitive Consciousness -- Modularity, Schemas and Neurons: A Critique of Fodor -- Action Explanation and the Nature of Mind -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early - though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne imme­ diately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909618
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 205
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Acquaintance and Intentionality -- One: The Experience of Acquaintance -- I: Perceptual Awareness -- II: Consciousness and Self-Awareness -- III: Empathy and Other-Awareness -- Two: The Relation of Acquaintance -- IV: Content in Context -- V: A Sense of Presence -- VI: Grounds of Acquaintance -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401578110
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 428 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 197
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: I / Conceptual and Categorical Theories of Analogical Understanding -- Categories and Analogies -- Some Constraints on Embodied Analogical Understanding -- Metaphorical Style as Message -- II / Computational and Cognitive Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Analogy — From a Unified Perspective -- Dimensions of Analogy -- Analogical Transfer: Processes and Individual Differences -- Abstraction-Based Analogical Inference -- Viewing Metaphor as Analogy -- Combining Analogies in Mental Models -- Arguing by Analogy in Law: A Case-Based Model -- III / Logical and Probabilistic Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Determination, Uniformity, and Relevance: Normative Criteria for Generalization and Reasoning by Analogy -- Analogy by Similarity -- Analogy and Similarity in Scientific Reasoning -- Inductive Analogy by Similarity and Proximity -- IV / Analogy and Information Processing: Perspectives of the Philosophy of Science -- Theories, Family Resemblances and Analogy -- Hypothesis Formation Using Part-Whole Interrelations -- Analogical Information Processing within Scientific Metaphors -- Analogies Hard and Soft -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta­ phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub­ lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926493
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 40
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Representation and Covariation -- Individualism and Psychology -- Thoughts and Belief Ascriptions -- The Alleged Evidence for Representationalism -- Narrow Content -- A Farewell to Functionalism -- Metaphysical Arguments for Internalism and Why They Don’t Work -- Dual Aspect Semantics -- Innate Representations -- Reflexive Reflections -- Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology -- Computation, Representation, and Content in Noncognitive Theories of Perception -- Beliefs Out of Control -- Intentionality -- Postscript October, 1987 -- Intentionality Speaks for Itself -- A Narrow Representational Theory of the Mind -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This collection of papers on issues in the theory of mental representation expresses a diversity of recent reflections on the idea that C. D. Broad so aptly characterized in the title of his book Mind and the World Order. An important impetus in the project of organizing this work were the discussions I had with Keith Lehrer while I was a Visiting Scholar in the department of Philosophy at the University of Arizona. His encouragement and friendship were of great value to me and I wish to express my thanks to him here. A word of thanks too for Mike Harnish who casually suggested the title Rerepresentation. I wish to express my thanks to Hans Schuurmans of the Computer Center at Tilburg University for his patient and cheerful assistance in preparing the manuscript. Professor J. Verster of the University of Groningen kindly provided the plates for the Ames Room figures. Thieu Kuys helped not only with the texts but also relieved me of chores so that I could devote more time to meeting deadlines. Barry Mildner had a major role in the text preparation using his skills and initiative in solving what seemed like endless technical problems. My deepest thanks are reserved for Anti Sax whose contribution to the project amount to a co-editorship of this volume. She participated in every phase of its development with valuable suggestions, prepared the indexes, and worked tirelessly to its completion.
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926417
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 113
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 113
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Philology ; History
    Kurzfassung: 1: The Methodological Question -- 1. The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology -- 2. Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse -- 2: The Paradigm of Conceptual Psychology -- 3. Kant and Herbart: the Initiation of Conceptual Psychology -- 4. Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology -- 3: Case Studies -- 5. Dilthey and Descriptive Psychology -- 6. Phenomenology and Conceptual Psychology -- 7. Mach’s Psychology of Investigation and the Limits of Science -- 8. Freud: the Psychology of Psychoanalysis -- Afterword: Some Consequences of Conceptual Psychology -- Notes -- Index of Names.
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400940338
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 194
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind
    Kurzfassung: One: Brain States, Machine States, and Consciousness -- 1.1 Consciousness -- A Question About Consciousness -- Rey Cogitans: The Unquestionability of Consciousness -- 1.2 Correspondence -- Brain States and Psychological Phenomena -- Psychophysical Correspondence: Sense and Nonsense -- 1.3 Representation -- Husserl and the Representational Theory of Mind -- Meaning and Mental Representation -- Husserl’s Epiphenomenology -- Two: Structures of Mental Processing -- 2.1 Qualia -- Testing Robots for Qualia -- Qualia, Functional Equivalence, and Computation -- Animals, Qualia, and Robots -- 2.2 Intentionality -- Mechanism and Intentionality: The New World Knot -- Knotty, Knotty: Comments on Nelson’s “New World Knot” -- Intentionality, Folk Psychology, and Reduction -- 2.3 Transaction -- Intentional Transaction as a Primary Structure of Mind -- Sophist vs. Skeptic: Two Paradigms of Intentional Transaction -- Commentary on Tuedio’s “Intentional Transaction” -- 3. Mind, Meaning, and Language -- 3.1 Schemas -- Schemas, Cognition, and Language: Toward a Naturalist Account of Mind -- Naturalism, Schemas, and the Real Philosophical Issues in Contemporary Cognitive Science -- Schemas, Persons, and Reality—A Rejoinder -- 3.2 Background -- Background Knowledge and Natural Language Understanding -- Internality, Externality, and Intentionality -- Objects and Fields -- 3.3 Translation -- Meaning Making: Some Functional Aspects -- Comments on Otto on Translation -- Blindness to Silence: Some Dysfunctional Aspects of Meaning Making -- Four: Prospects for Dialogue and Synthesis -- 4.1 Convergence -- Pragmatism, Phenomenology, and the Psychological Sciences -- The Soft Impeachment: Responding to Margolis -- In Defense of Pluralism -- 4.2 Dialogue -- Epilogue: Toward A New Agenda for Philosophy of Mind -- Appendices -- Footnotes -- Name Index -- List of Authors.
    Kurzfassung: Phenomenology and analytic philosophy have skirmished often, but seldom in ways conducive to dialectical progress. Generally, the skirmishes seem more "political" than philosophical, as when one side ridicules the methods of the other or criticizes the viability of the other's issues and assump­ tions. Analytic interest in third person objectivity is often spurned by Continental philosophers as being unduly abstract. Continental interest in first person subjectivity is often criticized by analysts as being muddled and imprecise. Logical analysis confronts the power of metaphor and judges it "too ambiguous" for rigorous philosophical activity. The language of metaphor confronts the power of logical analysis and deems it "too restric­ tive" for describing the nature and structures of authentic human exper­ ience. But are the two approaches really incompatible? Perhaps because each side of the "divide" has been working at problems largely uninteresting to the "opposition" it has been easy to ignore or underestimate the importance of this issue. But now each side is being led into a common field of problems associated with the nature of mind, and there is a new urgency to the need for examining carefully the question of conceptual compatibility and the potential for dialogue. Analytic thinkers are typically in the business of concept clarification and objective certi­ fication. Continental philosophers employ introspection in the interest of a project of description and classification that aims to be true to the full subtlety and complexity of the human condition.
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