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  • Online Resource  (130)
  • 2000-2004  (79)
  • 1970-1974  (66)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US
  • Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Kultur ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Gesellschaft ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft ; Afrika ; Afrika
    Note: Gesehen am 05.01.2012
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1993 -
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    ISSN: 1474-0575 , 1062-7987 , 1062-7987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als European review
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.04.24 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Kultur ; Gesellschaft ; Afrika ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 05.01.2012
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , 0001-9720 , 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Buffalo, NY : HeinOnline | Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 1468-2648 , 0305-7410 , 0305-7410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1960 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The China quarterly
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; China ; Zeitschrift ; China
    Note: Gesehen am 23.06.2023 , Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 1474-0680 , 0022-4634 , 0022-4634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of Southeast Asian studies
    Former Title: Vorg Journal of Southeast Asian history
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Südostasien
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.2003 -
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    ISSN: 1541-0986 , 1537-5927 , 1537-5927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2003 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Perspectives on politics
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; USA ; Politik ; USA ; Politik
    Note: Gesehen am 22.04.2014
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Berghahn | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1992 -
    ISSN: 1469-8676 , 0964-0282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource
    Note: Gesehen am 03.08.2022
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 10.1940/42 -
    ISSN: 1474-0699 , 0041-977x
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 10.1940/42 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. University of London / School of Oriental and African Studies Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Former Title: Vorg.: University of London / School of Oriental Studies Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 16.11.2022
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Oxford : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.1995 -
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    ISSN: 1469-8129 , 1354-5078 , 1354-5078
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nations and nationalism
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Nation ; Nationalismus ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 12.04.2022
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1958/59 -
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Waltham, Mass. | Atlanta, Ga. : Assoc. | New Brunswick, NJ : Assoc. ; 1.1974 -
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Edinburgh Univ. Press ; 1984 -
    ISSN: 1757-1642 , 0266-6731 , 0266-6731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1984 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa bibliography
    DDC: 010
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Geografie ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kultur ; Afrika Geschichte ; Geographie ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Afrika
    Note: Gesehen am 22.06.2020
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 1464-3731 , 0021-8553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Journal of African law
    Former Title: The journal of African law
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 10.01.2012
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1928 -
    ISSN: 1750-0184 , ISSN 0001-9720 , ISSN 0001-9720
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1928 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Africa
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Wert ; Norm ; Kulturstandard ; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung ; Afrika Ethnologie/Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Kulturelle Werte und Normen ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Beziehungen ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Kultur ; Afrika ; Gesellschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1974 -
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    ISSN: 1469-8706 , 2631-4401 , 0306-0845 , 0963-9268 , 0306-0845 , 0963-9268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Urban history bibliography
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Urban history yearbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Urban history
    Former Title: Urban history yearbook
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Stadt ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 17.04.24
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 13.1970 -
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press ; 1.1944/45(1945) -
    ISSN: 1533-6247 , 0003-1615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1944/45(1945) -
    Additional Information: Auch in Prisma
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The Americas
    DDC: 980
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 27.02.2015 , Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London [u.a.] : Sage | Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1967 -
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    ISSN: 1469-8684 , 0038-0385 , 0038-0385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sociology
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Soziologie
    Note: Gesehen am 07.10.2020
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9780511155284
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in comparative politics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.2
    Keywords: Power (Social sciences) ; State, The ; Social control ; State, The ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The essays in this book trace the development of Joel Migdal's 'state-in-society' approach.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- PART I Introduction -- 1 The State-in-Society Approach -- State-in-Society as an Approach to Studying Domination and Change -- A New Definition of the State -- Method in Comparative Studies -- New Answers to Old Questions: Research Using the State-in-Society Approach -- Issue 1: Growing Ethnic Violence -- Issue 2: The Growing Power of the Judiciary -- Issue 3: State and Nation -- Conclusion -- PART II Rethinking Social and Political Change -- 2 A Model of State-Society Relations -- Introduction: Images of the Impact of State on Society -- Explaining Order and Change through Dichotomous Models of Society -- The Center-Periphery Model -- States and Societies: Organizations in a Melange -- The Constraints on States -- Survival of Local Control -- Lack of a Strong Political Base -- Conclusion: New Directions for Research -- 3 Strong States, Weak States -- Two Images of the State -- The Dilemma of State Leaders -- At the Apex: The Politics of Survival -- The Big Shuffle -- Nonmerit Appointments -- Overlapping Bureaucratic Functions: Building a Praetorian Giant -- Dirty Tricks -- Building Coalitions and a Domestic Balance of Power -- The Politics of Administration -- Politics at the Local Level: Accommodation and the Capture of the State -- Conclusion -- PART III A Process-Oriented Approach -- 4 An Anthropology of the State -- Society -- The State -- The Junctures of States and Societies -- 5 Why Do So Many States Stay Intact? -- A Global Environment Empowering States -- The Organizational Imperatives of the State -- Inefficient States Keep on Going -- Constituting the State -- 1. Law -- 2. Public Ritual -- 3. Informal Behavior in the Public Sphere -- Conclusion -- PART IV Linking Micro- and Macro-Level Change.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-285) and index
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781402027260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 142 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Management science. ; Economics ; Economic policy ; Labor economics ; Social policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: Basic income is a regularly debated topic in various scholarly disciplines (political philosophy, political theory, welfare economics, labour market economics and social policy) and in circles of policy makers, administrators and activists. Since the late 1970s, unemployment is the primary problem for social-economic policy in all welfare states. In Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice it is argued that implementing a substantial basic income is the best policy response to deal with unemployment-induced problems such as job insecurity, social exclusion, poverty and lack of compensatory justice on the labour market and to improve labour market flexibility, boost low wage employment and part-time work. Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice, with an introductory chapter by Philippe van Parijs, discusses the attractiveness of a substantial basic income to deal with the problem of unemployment, in combination with an ethical perspective of social justice. Loek Groot is a senior lecturer at the Utrecht School of Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Detailed Table of Contentsby Philippe Van Parijs A Basic Income for All: A Brief Defence. To Secure Real Freedom, Grant Everyone a Subsistence Income -- 1. Basic Income Confronted with some Popular Ideas of Justice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Self-reliance -- 3. Reciprocity: not only the truly lazy -- 4. Basic income and the work ethic -- Summary and conclusions -- 2. Compensatory Justice and Basic Income -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The economist’s view on compensatory justice -- 3. The objective approach to compensatory justice -- 4. The balancing approach to compensatory justice -- 5. The conditions of compensatory justice: the role of the social security system -- 6. Compensatory justice and parasitism -- Summary and conclusions -- 3. Basic Income and Unemployment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hamminga’s thought experiment -- 3. The Labour Rights Scheme -- 4. The equivalent basic income scheme -- 5. Welfare policy and economic up- and downturns -- 6. Parisitism and exploitation -- 7. (Un)employment rents -- Summary and conclusions -- 4. Why Launch a Basic Income Experiment? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The limitations of theoretical models and empirical research -- 3. Basic income versus negative income tax -- 4. The New Jersey income-maintenance experiment -- 5. Lessons drawn from the New Jersey experiments -- 6. Design of a new basic income experiment -- Summary and conclusions -- 5. First Steps Towards a Basic Income -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The impossibility theorem: A basic income is either too low to be socially acceptable or too high to be economically feasible -- 3. A partial basic income -- 4. An alternative route -- 5. Part-time workers -- 6. A differential basic income -- Summary and conclusions -- Conclusion -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781441988638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 408 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: This volume explores the range of interactions between the historical sources and archaeology that are available on the African continent. The contributions, written by a range of experts on different aspects of African archaeology, present the underlying issues such as: - The conflict and collaboration in the foundation of modern Africa; - African trading communities maintaining their independence from Europe; - The impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. This represents the first consideration of historical archaeology over the African continent as a whole and therefore provides an important review for African archaeologists and historians. This seminal volume also explores Africa's place in global systems of thought and economic development for historical archaeologists and historians alike
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. African Historical Archaeologies: An Introductory Consideration of Scope and Potential2. History, Archaeology and Nubian Identities in the Middle Nile -- 3. Re-Evaluating Traditional Histories on the Coast of Kenya: An Archaeological Perspective -- 4. Behind the Sultan of Kilwa’s “Rebellious Conduct”: Local Perspectives on an International East African Town -- 5. Swahili Archaeology and History of Pemba, Tanzania: A Critique and Case Study of the Use of Written and Oral Sources in Archaeology -- 6. A True Picture?: Colonial and Other Historical Archaeologies -- 7. Boka Botuin and the Decorated Stones of the Cross River Region, Eastern Nigeria -- 8. The African Diaspora Starts Here:Historical Archaeology of Coastal West Africa -- 9. Less Implicit Historical Archaeologies:Oral Traditions and Later Karanga Settlements in South-Central Zimbabwe -- 10. Re-Constructing Tswana Townscapes: Toward a Critical Historical Archaeology -- 11. Access to Cattle Resources in a Tswana Capital -- 12. Insiders and Outsiders: Sources for Reinterpreting a Historical Event -- 13. Navigating the Liminal: An Archaeological Perspective on South African Industrialization -- 14. African Historical Archaeology(ies): Past, Present and a Possible Future.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9781441989659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 213 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Evolutionary biology. ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The study of human bipedalism has been overshadowed by many polarized debates. One dispute concerns whether or not australopithecines were wholly terrestrial or retained a degree of arboreality. Another deliberation focuses on the bipedalism of australopithecines compared to modern humans: was it similar, intermediate in nature, or unique? Because of the preoccupation with discussions such as these, the significant fact that modern human walking is more than locomotion on two legs has been underemphasized. This volume focuses on the pattern and process of the transition to the modern form of human locomotion, with its adaptations for a striding stiff-legged gait, efficiency of running, and economy of resource transport. This emerging group of contributors spanning the fields of anthropology, biology and anatomy debate issues such as: -When and in what sequence did these morphological traits appear? -What were the changes in the bio-behavioral complex of hominin locomotor evolution? -What were the implications for the enhancement and expansion of hominin mobility?
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Striders, Runners, and Transporters2 Knuckle-Walking and the Origin of Human Bipedalism -- 3 A New Hypothesis on the Origin of Hominoid Locomotion -- 4 Functional Interpretation of the Laetoli Footprints -- 5 Fossilized Hawaiian Footprints Compared with Laetoli Hominid Footprints -- 6 In What Manner Did They Walk on Two Legs? An Architectural Perspective for the Functional Diagnostics of the Early Hominid Foot -- 7 The Behavioral Ecology of Locomotion -- 8 Bipedalism in Homo ergaster: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Tibial Proportions on Locomotor Biomechanics -- 9 The Running-Fighting Dichotomy and the Evolution of Aggression in Hominids -- 10 Age, Sex, and Resource Transport in Venezuelan Foragers -- 11 Mobility and the Locomotor Skeleton at the Foraging to Farming Transition -- 12 Uplifted Head, Free Hands, and the Evolution of Human Walking.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461510635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 289 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Personality. ; Neuropsychology. ; Clinical psychology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The study of facial expression has been approached from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical and methodological. The strong foundations laid by the early pioneers have attracted researchers from a number of disciplines, such as psychology, physiology, and ethology. This volume marks the first time that a collection of contemporary facial scoring techniques and their utility, whether clinical, experimental, theoretical, or otherwise, follows an historical introduction of the area, thereby recording the developmental history of this science
    Description / Table of Contents: Section A: Culture, Evolution, History and Medicine1: Foreign faces: A Voyage to the Land of EEPICA -- 2: Human Face in Biological Anthropology: Craniometry, Evolution and Forensic Identificati -- 3: The Face in Medicine and Psychology: A Conceptual History -- 4: Neurology of Human Facial Expression -- Section B: Measurement and Meaning -- 5: FACEM: The Facial Expression Measurement System -- 6: Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Case for Applying Facial Measurement Techniques -- 7: Context-Analysis of Facial-Affective Behavior in Clinical Populati -- 8: Causes and Reasons in Failures to Perceive Fearful Faces -- 9: Recognition of Emotion Specific Populations: Compensation, Deficit or Sepcific (Dis)Abilities? -- 10: Facial Expression and the Self-Report of Pain by Children -- 11: What Facial Activity Can and Cannot Tell Us about Emotions -- 12: Facial Expressions as Indicators of “Functional” and “Dysfunctional” Emotional Processes -- 13: Getting to Know your Patient: How Facial Expression Can Help Reveal True Emotion.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9781461502906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 155 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics Methodology ; Economic history. ; Macroeconomics ; Microeconomics ; Political science. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: In the Netherlands, the election programmes of the political parties are assessed for their economic impact by an independent economic bureau. The result of this analysis is published just before the elections take place. In this way, the voter will be protected against political parties that try to win the elections by making popular but unfounded financial promises. Economic Assessment of Election Programmes contains contributions of several distinguished economists and philosophers who consider the gains of this procedure to society. Does the analysis by the Netherlands' Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) raise the democratic quality of the elections? Can we really be confident in the tools of economics? The last section of this volume states the opinion of representatives of the political parties. This part also clarifies why political parties voluntarily participate in this process and how they perceive the role division between the political party and CPB
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction1. A Day of Reckoning for Politicians - or Economists? -- 2. Charting Choices 2003-2006 -- 3. Economic Analysis of Election Programmes: What, How, and Why? -- II Economic Methodological Aspects -- 4. An Economic Perspective -- 5. Macro Models as Workhorses -- 6. Balancing Information and Uncertainty -- III Political Aspects -- 7. Calculated Choices: Who Profits? -- 8. A Rationale for Assessments of Election Programmes -- 9. Food for Politicians, Not for Voters -- 10. The Democratic Quality of Elections -- 11. Agonistic Democracy and the Civilising Virtues of Public Debate -- IV Assessment of Election Programmes: Conclusions for the Future -- 12. The Views of the Political Parties -- 13. Summary and Conclusions.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9781441991881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 235 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Sociology ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The concept of identity has become ubiquitous with the social and behavioural sciences in recent years, cutting across disciplines from psychoanalysis and psychology to political science and sociology. Identity theory, initially outlined by Sheldon Stryker, proposes a concept of identity based on the symbolic interaction of the social role and personal identity. By seeing all of these identities theoretically isomorphic, but having different bases and sources, a unification of the different uses of identity might be better achieved. The contributions to Advances in Identity Theory and Research all begin with this view of identities and seek to extend and apply our understanding of that concept. The volume is presented in four sections based on recent research in the field: - the sources of identity, - the tie between identity and the social structure, - the non-cognitive outcomes, such as emotional, of identity processes, - the idea that individuals have multiple identities. By recognizing the multiple bases of identity that are found in group, role and person and by taking into account variation in levels of commitment and salience of these identities as people are tied into the social structure differently, the complexity of society is reflected in the complexity of the self
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart I: Sources of Identity. 1: The Me and the Not-Me: Positive and Negative Poles of Identity. 2: Roots of Identity: Family Resemblances and Ascribed Traits. 3: Identities and Behavior -- Part II: Identities and Social Structure. 4: The Political Self: Identity Resources for Radical Democracy. 5: Identity and Inequality: Exploring Links between Self and Stratification Processes. 6: The Role of Self-Evaluation in Identity Salience and Commitment -- Part III: Identities, Emotion, and Health. 7: Justice, Emotion, and Identity Theory. 8: Feeling Good, Feeling Well: Identity, Emotion, and Health. 9: Interaction, Emotion, and Collective Identities. 10: Using Identity Discrepancy Theory to Predict Psychological Distress -- Part IV: Multiple Identities. 11: The Self, Multiple Identities and the Production of Mixed Emotions. 12: Personal Agency in the Accumulation of Multiple Role-Identities. 13: Relationships among Multiple Identities -- Final Commentary: A Peek Ahead.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461501510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 239 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Industrial management ; Sociology. ; Management.
    Abstract: Innovation in the private and public sectors has been the subject of a great deal of study, since it is central to the economic growth and effective governance of most organizations. Determining the changes needed in an organization is less difficult than determining how to make the changes work. This volume is the result of a three-year study that investigated the factors associated with the implementation of program changes in a nonprofit community welfare agency. The results of the research showed that a greater understanding of the implementation process was needed, both by the workers and administrators. In addition, factors other than "need" were determined to influence what action is taken to implement the recommendations. This book takes the results of the study and demonstrates how implementation can be successful in an organization. This work includes factors such as administration behavior and perception, its effect on board members, mobility orientation, job satisfaction, and the prediction of program change and will be of interest to management in both the private and non-profit sector as well as students of organizational sociology and psychology
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461501978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 472 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Chemistry, inorganic ; Chemical engineering ; Chemistry ; History ; Inorganic chemistry. ; Condensed matter. ; Science—History. ; Chemistry, Technical.
    Abstract: Starting at the dawn of science, History of Industrial Gases traces the development of gas theory from its Aristotelian roots to its modern achievements as a global industry. Dr. Almqvist explores how environmental protection, geographical areas, and the drive for higher purity and efficiency affected development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how they will influence the future of this rapidly expanding industry. The roles of major contributing companies are also discussed to provide an informative and thought-provoking treatise valuable to anyone who studies or works in this fascinating field
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. History of Gases: IntroductionDiscoveries in England by Priestley, Black, Cavendish, and Rutherford -- Sweden and Scheele -- It All Begins with Ancient Theories and Alchemy -- Paracelsus and Hydrogen Gas -- The Defense of Alchemy -- What Happened to the Newly Discovered Gases and Their Discoverers? -- The Liquefaction of Gas -- References -- 2. From Aristotle to the Birth of Modern Chemistry -- 2.1. From Aristotle to the Birth of Pneumatic Chemistry -- 2.2. The Discovery of Gases and the True Nature of Combustion -- 2.3. Biographies of the Early Pioneers in the Study of Gases -- 3. Industrial Gases: Background -- 3.1. Hydrogen: The Gas That Had a Flying Start -- 3.2. Oxygen: “Fire Air” -- 3.3. Nitrogen: “Rotten Air” and Its Challenges -- 3.4. Carbon Dioxide: Spiritus Sylvestre -- 3.5. Acetylene: The Gas That Triggered the Industrial Gas Business -- 3.6. The Noble Gases: An Inactive Family of Great Importance -- 4. The Development of Industrial Gas Technology -- 4.1. Liquefaction of Gases -- 4.2. The Path to Absolute Zero. Superconductivity -- 4.3. Development of the Production of Air Gas (1910-Ca. 1975) -- 4.4. Equipment for Distribution and Storage of Gas -- 4.5. Production: Alternative Gas Separation Methods -- 5. Development of the Industrial Gas Business -- 5.1. Liquid Carbonic -- 5.2. Linde AG -- 5.3. Messer Griesheim -- 5.4. Air Liquide -- 5.5. AGA -- 5.6. British Oxygen -- 5.7. Praxair -- 5.8. Nippon Sanso -- 5.9. Air Products -- 6. Expansion of the Industrial Gas Business -- 6.1. Introduction: Origin of the Industrial Gas Business in Western Europe -- 6.2. Eastern and Central Europe -- 6.3. North America -- 6.4. South and Central America -- 6.5. Asia -- 6.6. Australia -- 6.7. Africa -- 6.8. The Development of the Modern Industrial Gas Business -- 7. How New Gas Applications were Developed -- 7.1. Biology and Medicine -- 7.2. Welding and Cutting -- 7.3. Metallurgy and Combustion -- 7.4. Chemistry and the Environment -- 7.5. Energy and Fuel -- 7.6. Inerting and Cooling -- 7.7. Specialty Gases. High-Purity Gases -- 3.1. The Zeppelin Story -- 3.2. Drebbel’s Submarine -- The Lunar Society -- 3.3. Nitrogen as a raw Material for Gun Powder -- 3.4. Baths and Cures -- 3.4. Greenhouse Effect -- 3.5. Aluminum Manufacture and Its Impact on Acetylene Production -- The First Industrial Production of Calcium Carbide and Dissolved Acetylene -- 4.1. A Success Story that Ended in a Personal Disaster -- The Liquid Helium Race -- Cryoliquids -- 7.1. The Pneumatic Institute of Bristol -- The First Uses of Oxygen Cutting -- Institutional Index -- Name Index.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9781441988911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Veterinary medicine ; Anthropology
    Abstract: With the growing incidence of fragility fractures in Europe and North America over the last three decades, bone loss and osteoporosis have become active areas of research in skeletal biology. Bone loss is associated with aging in both sexes and is accelerated in women with the onset of menopause. However, bone loss is related to a suite of complex and often synergistically related factors including genetics, pathology, nutrition, mechanical usage, and lifestyle. It is not surprising that its incidence and severity vary among populations. Each chapter highlights the multifaceted nature of bone loss and fragility. Several underlying themes are common between the chapters, particularly the value of biocultural an evolutionary perspectives in the study of bone loss and fragility. The contributors come from a variety of fields, and this volume is intended for a diverse audience including physical anthropologists, osteologists, bioengineers, and clinicians in sub-disciplines such as rheumatology, orthopedics, and general medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Current Concepts of Bone Loss and OsteoporosisConcepts of Bone Remodeling: A Unified Spatial and Temporal Model with Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Implications -- 2. On Changing Views about Age-Related Bone Loss -- 3. The Role of Bone Quality on Bone Loss and Fragility -- II. Population Approaches -- 4. Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass and Architecture -- 5. Bone Loss, Fracture Histories, and Body Composition Characteristics of Older Males -- 6. The Histomorphometry of the Subadult Rib: Age-Associated Changes in Bone Mass and the Creation of Peak Bone Mass -- III. Evolutionary Perspectives -- 7. An Evolutionary and Biocultural Approach to Understanding the Effects of Reproductive Factors on the Female Skeleton -- 8. Functional Adaptation and Fragility of the Skeleton -- 9. Effects of Vitamin D on Bone and Natural Selection of Skin Color: How Much Vitamin D Nutrition are We Talking About? -- IV. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Past Populations -- 10. Techniques for the Investigation of Age-Related Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Archaeological Bone -- 11. Differentail Diagnoses of Intravitam and Postmortem Bone Loss at the Micro-Level -- 12. Histomorphology, Geometry, and Mechanical Loading in Past Populations -- 13. Bone Remodeling and Age-Associated Bone Loss in the Past: A Histomorphometric Analysis of the Imperial Roman Skeletal Population of Isola Sacra.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781441992222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Humanities ; Cultural heritage. ; History ; Archaeology ; Anthropology. ; Cultural property.
    Abstract: How did past communities and individuals remember through social and ritual practices? How important were mortuary practices in processes of remembering and forgetting the past? This innovative new research work focuses upon identifying strategies of remembrance. Evidence can be found in a range of archaeological remains including the adornment and alteration of the body in life and death, the production, exchange, consumption and destruction of material culture, the construction, use and reuse of monuments, and the social ordering of architectural space and the landscape. This book shows how in the past, as today, shared memories are important and defining aspects of social and ritual traditions, and the practical actions of dealing with and disposing of the dead can form a central focus for the definition of social memory
    Description / Table of Contents: Building from MemoryRates of (Ex)change -- Technologies of Remembrance -- Tales from the Dead -- Remembering Rome -- Objects without a past? -- Iconoclasm, belief and memory in early medieval Wales -- Memories in Stone -- Memory, Salvation and Ambiguity -- Remembering and Forgetting the Medieval Dead -- Memories of the Early Medieval Past -- Dyster står dösen.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461502616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 598 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: This is a book on economic policy that takes the role of democracy seriously. It challenges the conventional wisdom espoused by leaders of both major political parties in the US, and increasingly by leaders of other nations, that markets and not democratic policy formation should determine the legitimate role of private interests in the conduct of the economy. The authors of the essays in this book reject the mainstream neoclassical view that the market should rule "über alles." Examining the problems existing in a number of crucial areas of economic policy, they demonstrate the inadequacy of orthodox view that markets can generate economic welfare without the guidance of democratically formulated economic policies. Using the principles of the original institutional economics (OIE), they fashion long-term strategies for the formation of economic policies that can accommodate institutional changes necessary to meet the ever-changing circumstances faced by nations in a global economy. The editors, Tool and Bush, have assembled a group of scholars with special expertise in the problems they address. In each instance they offer original insights into issues that many in the mainstream had thought were settled. The analysis and policy proposals of the essays in this book do not defer to the dominant vested interests in industry, academe, or government. The views expressed are fresh, candid, and break out of the ideological boxes that have for so long encapsulated public debates on economic policies
    Description / Table of Contents: I1 Foundational Concepts for Institutionalist Policy Making -- II -- 2 An Institutionalist View of Fiscal Policy -- 3 Monetary Policy: An Institutionalist Approach -- 4 Progressive Tax Policies -- III -- 5 Promoting Economic Equity: The Basic Income Approach -- 6 Welfare Reform -- 7 Universal Health Care in the United States: Analysis and Proposals -- 8 Social Security: Truth or Convenient Fictions? -- IV -- 9 Competing Perspectives on Economic Power and Accountability -- 10 Market Failure in Public Utility Industries: An Institutionalist Critique of Deregulation -- 11 The Abuse of Economic and Financial Power in the New Economy: Historical Patterns in the Creation of Modern Remedies -- V -- 12 Toward Developmental Curriculum Reform: Teach What? To Whom? Why? -- 13 Policies to Provide Non-invidious Employment -- 14 Policy Implications of the New Information Economy -- VI -- 15 An Institutionalist Perspective on Environmental Goal Setting -- 16 Policy Concerns Regarding Ecologically Sound Disposal of Industrial Waste Materials -- VII -- 17 Globalization: An Institutionalist Perspective -- 18 Global Industrial Policies -- 19 Recent Tendencies in Development Economics: Bringing Institutions Back In -- About the Authors.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461504214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: Do constitutions matter? Are constitutions simply symbols of the political times at which they were adopted, or do they systematically affect the course of public policy? Are the policy crises of failing democracies the result of bad luck or of fundamental problems associated with the major and minor constitutional reforms adopted during their recent histories? The purpose of the present study is to address these questions using a blend of theory, history, and statistical analysis. The Swedish experience provides a nearly perfect laboratory in which to study the effects of constitutional reform. During the past 200 years, Swedish governance has shifted from a king-dominated system with an unelected four-chamber parliament to a bicameral legislature elected with wealth-weighted voting in 1866, and then to a new electoral system based on proportional representation and universal suffrage in 1920, and finally to a unicameral parliamentary system in 1970. All these radical reorganizations of Swedish governance were accomplished peacefully using formal amendment procedures established by previous constitutions. By focusing on constitutional issues rather than Sweden's political history, this book extends our understanding of constitutional reform and parliamentary democracy in general
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Course of ReformInterests and Interest in Constitutional Reform -- Why Sweden? -- Methodology -- Generality of the Approach -- I: Constitutional Interests -- 2. The Nature of Constitutions -- 3. An Overview of Swedish Constitutional History -- 4. Ideas and Interests in Constitutional Reform -- 5. The Consequences of Constitutional Reform -- 6. Governance Under Constraints -- II: Perfecting Parliament -- 7. Popular Sovereignty and Constitutional Design -- 8. Essential Procedural Methods and Constraints for Parliament -- 9. Constraining Parliamentary Democracy to Advance the Majority’s Interest -- 10. Organizing Governance to Broaden Consensus: Beyond Majority Rule -- III: Swedish Lessons -- 11. Appraising the Performance of the Swedish Constitution -- 12. Constitutional Reforms of the 1970s and the Performance of Swedish Governance: Statistical Evidence -- 13. Improving the Swedish Constitution -- 14. Lessons Learned -- References -- Books -- Articles -- Data Appendixes -- A. Economic Data -- B. Political Data.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781441991867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 413 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics Statistics ; Population ; Management science. ; Economics ; Sociology. ; Statistics . ; Population—Economic aspects.
    Abstract: The book consists of five parts and a concluding chapter. Part 1 covers general problems and presents solutions for the harmonisation of data from different national and/or cultural contexts. In the second part EUROSTAT and ESOMAR present their established standard instruments. Tested instruments each covering one variable (i.e. occupation, education) are presented in the third part. The fourth part again includes suggested tools for the harmonisation of single variables for which standardised instruments are not yet available (i.e. age, religion, ethnicity, household, family, income). The last part presents selected empirical analyses demonstrating the use and fruitfulness of instruments presented before. This book is mainly written for two groups. First, researchers and practitioners involved in comparative research in Europe. Second, researchers working with data of the statistical offices of European countries and data from institutions of the European Union
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Measuring Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables in Cross-National Research: An OverviewI: Harmonising Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables: Objectives -- 2. Harmonising Data in Official Statistics: Development, Procedures, and Data Quality -- 3. The ISSP and its Approach to Background Variables -- 4. Harmonising Sampling Frames and Indicators in International Market Research: A German Perspective -- II: International Standards for Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables -- 5. Harmonisation of Socio-Economic Variables in EU Statistics -- 6. The ESOMAR Standard Demographic Classification: A System of International Socio-Economic Classification of Respondents to Survey Research -- III: International Instruments for Selected Variables -- 7. International Classification of Status in Employment, ICSE-93 -- 8. International Statistical Comparisons of Occupational and Social Structures: Problems, Possibilities and the Role of ISCO-88 -- 9. Three Internationally Standardised Measures for Comparative Research on Occupational Status -- 10. International Standard Classification of Education, ISCED 1997 -- 11. The CASMIN Educational Classification in International Comparative Research -- 12. The Classification of Education as a Sociological Background Characteristic -- IV: Suggested Conventions for Selected Variables for Which Comparative Instruments Do Not Exist -- 13. How to Measure Sex/Gender and Age -- 14. How to Measure Race and Ethnicity -- 15. How to Measure Household and Family -- 16. How to Measure (New) Work Situations -- 17. How to Measure Income -- V: Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Empirical Applications -- 18. Using CASMIN: The Effect of Education on Wages in Britain and Germany -- 19. Education and Unemployment Risks among Market Entrants: A Comparison of France, the United Kingdom and West Germany -- 20. The Validity of Income Measurements in Comparative Perspective: Non-Responses and Biases -- VI: Harmonising Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables: Synthesis -- 21. Comparing Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables Across Nations: Synthesis and Recommendations -- Contributing Authors.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9781461513438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 437 p)
    Series Statement: Advances in Primatology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Paleontology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Anthropology ; Paleontology  ; Evolution (Biology)
    Abstract: This volume brings together a series of papers that address the topic of reconstructing behavior in the primate fossil record. The literature devoted to reconstructing behavior in extinct species is ovelWhelming and very diverse. Sometimes, it seems as though behavioral reconstruction is done as an afterthought in the discussion section of papers, relegated to the status of informed speculation. But recent years have seen an explosion in studies of adaptation, functional anatomy, comparative sociobiology, and development. Powerful new comparative methods are now available on the internet. At the same time, we face a rapidly growing fossil record that offers more and more information on the morphology and paleoenvironments of extinct species. Consequently, inferences of behavior in extinct species have become better grounded in comparative studies of living species and are becoming increas­ ingly rigorous. We offer here a series of papers that review broad issues related to reconstructing various aspects of behavior from very different types of evi­ dence. We hope that in so doing, the reader will gain a perspective on the various types of evidence that can be brought to bear on reconstructing behavior, the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, and, perhaps, new approaches to the topic. We define behavior as broadly as we can­ including life-history traits, locomotion, diet, and social behavior, giving the authors considerable freedom in choosing what, exactly, they wish to explore
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9781461506690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 260 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Psychopharmacology ; Health psychology. ; Psychology. ; Sociology. ; Psychiatry. ; Clinical health psychology.
    Abstract: In both developed nations and the developing world, there is a clear trend towards addressing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems through health and social services. There are several persuasive arguments for this shift beyond pure economics, which include comorbidity, cost effectiveness, coordination of care and effectiveness. This is the first volume to pull together effective methods that can be used for addressing substance abuse through health and social service systems. It also integrates interventions for a range of drugs of abuse, rather than focusing on only one (such as alcohol). The book's international perspective also makes this a unique contribution to the existing literature
    Description / Table of Contents: A. Three Questions1. What is the Scope of the Problem and Its Impact on Health and Social Systems? -- 2. Is “Treatment” the Right Way to Think about It? -- 3. Questioning the Effectiveness of Addiction Treatments: What is the Evidence? -- B. Intervening Through Health Care Systems -- 4. Intervening through Primary Health Care -- 5. Intervening through the Emergency Department and Trauma Center -- 6. Establishing and Maintaining Evidence-Based Treatment in Community Programs -- 7. Intervening through Pharmacy Services -- 8. The Case of Tobacco -- C. Intervening Through Mental Health Services -- 9. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse with Mental Health Problems -- 10. Integrating Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Review -- D. Intervening Through Social Systems -- 11. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse and Social Problems -- 12. Intervening through the Social Welfare System: A Proposed Contingency Management Program with Implications for Workfare Planning -- 13. Intervening through the School System -- 14. Substance Abuse Treatment and Corrections -- 15. Missing Work: The Decline in Infrastructure and Support for Workplace Alcohol Intervention in the United States, with Implications for Developments in Other Nations -- 16. Intervening through Social Support Networks -- 17. Substance Abuse among Displaced and Indigenous Peoples -- E. Conclusions -- 18. Integrated Care: The Need for Evidence-Based Policy, Prevention, and Treatment.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781461505358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LVI, 879 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Underwater Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Although underwater archaeology has assumed its rightful place as an important subdiscipline in the field, the published literature has not kept pace with the rapid increase in the number of both prehistoric and historic underwater sites. The editors have assembled an internationally distinguished roster of contributors to fill this gap. In addition to both geographical and topical approaches, the chapters also focus on technology, law, public and private institutional roles and goals, and the research and development of future technologies and public programs
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contents: DedicationContributors -- Foreword -- Part I: Introduction -- Part II: The Geography of Underwater Archaeology. Section 1: United States. Section 2: Mexico, Caribbean, Bermuda, and South America. Section 3: Europe and the Mediterranean -- Part III: Issues in Underwater Archaeology. Section 1: Culture and Law. Section 2: Technology. Section 3: Government Agencies -- Appendix A: Acronyms. Appendix B: Glossary -- Index.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461513490
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 342 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This extensively documented work explores the historic site of Charles Towne, South Carolina. In his excavation, Stanley South discovered the artifacts from not only the European occupation of the late 1600's but also the earlier remains of Native American settlements. In this work, South criticizes archaeologists who "discover" artifacts only from the historic period they are focusing on and ignore the evidence from other equally important periods. This excavation and research from one of the foremost historical archaeologists in America is a valuable resource to historical archaeologists, historians and anthropologists, especially those involved in the southeastern United States
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Historical Pathway at the Charles Towne Settlement: 1670-16801. The Historical Pathway -- 2. The Methodological Pathway -- 3. The Archaeological Pathway to the 1670 Fortifications. -- II. The Archaeological Pathway to the 18th and 19th Centuries -- 4. Old Town Plantation -- III. The Archaeological Pathway to Native Americans on Albemarle Point -- 5. The Archaic, Formative and Developmental Periods -- 6. A Pathway to the Climactic Period: A Ceremonial Center -- 7. The Pottery Pathway at the Ceremonial Center -- 8. The Material Culture Pathway to the Ceremonial Center. -- 9. The Pathway to Decline -- ·Chicora Stylistic Ceramic Attributes (1974) Leland Ferguson -- · A List of Proveniences from the Ceremonial Center -- · Preface to “Man on Albemarle Point” (1974) Stanley South -- · Notes Translated on the Depositions of the English Defector Brian Fitzpatrick and the Spanish Spy Antonio Camunas St. Julian Ravenel Childs -- · A Summary of the Results of the Archaeological Project at Charles Towne in 2000 and 2001 Stanley South -- · Discovery at 1670 Charles Towne Michael J. Stoner -- References. -- List of Subtitles. -- List of Figures -- List of Tables.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9781461506058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help of traditional notions of reasoning, such as classical logic. Understanding the contribution of modeling practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires expanding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term `model' comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. Moreover, in the modeling process, various forms of abstraction are used. Evaluation and adaptation take place in the light of structural, causal, and/or functional constraints. Model simulation can be used to produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviors and other factors. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology: the most recent results and achievements in the topics above are illustrated in the chapters
    Description / Table of Contents: Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific ModelsAnalogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler -- Model Experiments and Models in Experiments -- Models, Simulations, and Experiments -- Calibration of Models in Experiments -- The Development of Scientific Taxonomies -- Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios -- Modeling Practices and “Tradition” -- Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms -- Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving -- Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process -- Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science -- Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems -- Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base -- Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy -- Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World -- Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold -- Epistemic Mediators and Model-Based Discovery in Science -- Deterministic Models and the “Unimportance of the Inevitable” -- Mental Models in Conceptual Development -- Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process -- Author Index.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461505778
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Physics ; History ; Music ; Astronomy.
    Abstract: This text has been out of print since 1990; it was originally published by Solomon Press in 1987. Several experts in the field have verified that the information in the book remains constant; nothing has, or will, change in the basic science of musical sound. It explains the science of musical sound without the encumbrance of detailed mathematics. It will appeal to music lovers as well as students of music and students of physics. It can easily be promoted with our physics program
    Description / Table of Contents: Why and How-An Explanation for the ReaderI The Concepts of Motion, Vibration and Waves -- Prologue -- 1 About Motion -- 2 Periodic Motion: Vibration and Oscillation -- 3 Waves -- II The Sound Getting to you -- 4 Propagation of Sound Waves -- 5 Perception of Sound -- III Specifics of Musical Sound -- 6 Musical Sound -- 7 Pitch and Musical Scales -- IV Making Music -- 8 Musical Instruments -- 9 Wind Instruments -- 10 String Instruments -- 11 Percussion Instruments -- 12 The Human Voice -- V Consuming Music -- 13 The Environment for Listening -- 14 The Transmission and Storage of Sound -- Epilogue -- Appendix a Mathematics -- Arithmetic with Integers -- Arithmetic with Fractions -- Proportional and Inversely Proportional -- Powers -- Appendix B Formulas -- Symbols Used -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 9 -- 10 -- 13 -- Appendix C Annotated Bibliography -- Exercise problems -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 9 -- 10 -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- 14 -- Solutions to Exercise Problems -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 9 -- 10 -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- 14.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9781461511090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 222 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Industrial management ; Political science. ; Management.
    Abstract: This volume brings together the innovative ideas of 21 of America's leading governors and mayors expressed in their own words. The book features contributions carefully collected and selected over several years, including chapters by former Governors George Bush of Texas and Tommy Thompson of Wisconsin and Mayors Giuliani and Daley of New York and Chicago respectively. The editors have cast these varied contributions within the framework of "the New Public Management", whose main elements are: (1) reverting to core functions; (2) devolving authority and decentralizing; (3) "rightsizing", or limiting the size and scope of government; (4) restoring civil society; (5) adopting market principles; (6) managing for results, satisfying citizens, and holding government accountable; (7) empowering employees, citizens, and communities; and (8) introducing e-government and modern technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I: Introduction and Overview1: Introduction -- Section II: Lessons from Innovating Governors -- 2: Results-Based Accountability: The Basis of Education Reform in Texa -- 3: Education Reform in Minnesota -- 4: Smart Growth and Neighborhood Conservation: Addressing Both Sides of the Coin -- 5: Welfare Reform: The Wisconsin Experience -- 6: Investing in Human Infrastructure: Technology Priorities in Texas -- 7: Wyoming’s Frontier Spirit Pioneers Innovation in Government Through Technology -- 8: Government at the Speed of Business -- 9: Government as a Catalyst: Industry-Led Initiatives in Colorado -- Section III: Lessons from Innovating Mayors -- 10: From In Line to On-Line: The E-Government Revolution in New York City -- 11: Chicago’s Energy Plan: Building for the Future in a Changing Marketplace -- 12: Restructuring the Bureaucracy in City Government: Systemic Reform of Work and Community Outreach -- 13: A Community Revitalization -- 14: Boston: Main Streets and Back Streets -- 15: Charlotte: Service Delivery and Citizen Feedback in a High Growth City -- 16: A Recipe for Rightsizing Government: The Charlotte Story -- 17: Innovative Government in Jersey City, New Jersey -- 18: Innovations in a Military Base Community Redevelopment Project -- 19: Joint Economic Development Districts -- 20: Cheaper, Better, Faster: Bringing Private Sector Principles to County Government -- 21: Contracting Out the Management of the City Garage -- 22: Cultural Assimilation and Trade Development: A Restructuring of Irvine’s Sister Cities Program.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781461508892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 148 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economics ; Mass media Law and legislation ; Law. ; Economic policy. ; Economic growth. ; Microeconomics ; Political science. ; Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Mass media—Law and legislation. ; Economic development.
    Abstract: The terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001 have greatly affected our lives, our livelihoods, and perhaps our way of living. Our Constitution and Bill of Rights were designed to inhibit excessively powerful government. But now, we are counting on it to prevent Americans from being killed with impunity, and to "insure domestic tranquility". In these times, the government must concentrate more on protecting concrete lives than protecting intangible privacy. The subject of this book - privacy - is where the conflict among our competing interests after September 11 is likely to be sharpest. "The right to be let alone", pales next to the right not to be blown-up. So "privacy" will inevitably need to accommodate security and safety to a greater extent than before September 11. But for America to continue being America, our constitutional mandates must still be genuinely respected. Privacy and the Digital State argues that "privacy" is inherently relative, and is always balanced alongside of various social exigencies, such as other compelling rights guaranteed by the Constitution, the interest of the public in broad disclosure of and access to government records, and the desire to foster an efficient, productive economy. This book examines the recurring dialectic between "open government" and "privacy of personal information" and hopes to provide its readers with some additional perspective on striking that balance. While open access to government records promotes greater accountability, it must be balanced against the government's obligation to prevent unwarranted invasions of privacy where acutely personal information is involved. Two recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, Bartnicki v. Vopper and Kyllo v. U.S., reflect the tensions and complexities in our attitudes and rules about privacy. In the case of an illegally intercepted cellular telephone call broadcast over the radio, a divided Court concluded that free speech trumped privacy. But where the government used new sense-enhancing technology to "search" the outside of a house for heat coming from marijuana grow lamps, the Court said it violated the Fourth Amendment. These cases demonstrate that the relationship between privacy and technology is increasingly uneasy. Privacy and the Digital State addresses the issue of government-held information in the digital age and argues that open access to public information and sensitivity to personal privacy can be effectively balanced at all ...
    Description / Table of Contents: An Overview of Privacy and the Digital State1 Introduction to Privacy Issues -- 2 The Federal Foundation for U.S. Privacy Policy -- 3 Public Records Privacy -- 4 Public Records and Electronic Government -- 5 “Best Practices,” Findings and Recommendations -- 6 Conclusion: A Model Action Plan and Principles for Public Information and Privacy -- Appendix A Privacy Practices of Selected States -- Appendix B Washington State Executive Order 00-03 Public Records Privacy Protection -- Appendix C International Privacy Initiatives -- Appendix D Organizations Working on Electronic Government -- Selected Resource Materials and Links -- About the Author.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9781475748833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Consciousness ; Applied psychology ; Law Psychological aspects ; Environmental psychology. ; Social psychology. ; Criminology ; Community psychology. ; Psychology. ; Personality. ; Philosophy. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The major theme of this Festschrift will be state-of-the-art criminology at the millennium and its impact into the 21st century. The editors have solicited major figures in contemporary criminology to elucidate the current state and future prospects of criminology at the turn of the century. It is appropriate that such a volume be produced in honor of Marvin E. Wolfgang, the most influential criminologist in the English-speaking world. Those invited to contribute were students or colleagues of Professor Wolfgang and are themselves distinguished criminologists. They represent criminology both of the past and the future. The appeal of the current book is not that it honors Marvin Wolfgang, but rather that it provides an accounting of where the discipline of criminology currently stands and its future directions. Professor Marvin E. Wolfgang was unsurpassed as a criminologist, distinguished mentor, and gentleman. A book designed to contribute to the most contemporary debates in criminology is a most fitting tribute
    Description / Table of Contents: Reflections on a Scholarly Career: An Interview with Marvin E. WolfgangII. Crime and Justice at the Millennium -- Subcultures of Violence and Beyond: Theory Integration in Criminology -- Political Violence: Patterns and Trends -- Intimate Partner Violence: The Legacy of Marvin Wolfgang’s Thinking -- Social Stress and Violence in Israel: A Macro Level Analysis -- Violence among Russian-Germans in the Context of the Subculture of Violence Theory -- Arrest Clearances for Homicide: A Study of Los Angeles -- Trends and Patterns of Homicide in Australia -- Investigating Race and Gender Differences in Specialization in Violence -- Carrying Guns and Involvement in Crime -- Victim Categories of Crime Revisited -- A Minimum Requirement for Police Corruption -- Community Policing in Canada: An Evaluation for Montreal -- The Wolfgang Legacy on the Intersection of Race and the Death Penalty -- Should the Juvenile Court Survive? -- The Life of Lifers: Wolfgang’s Inquiry into the Prison Adjustment of Homicide Offenders -- Truth in Sentencing and Prison Infractions -- III. In His Own Voice: Selected Essays -- In His Own Voice -- Victim Precipitated Criminal Homicide -- Seeking an Explanation Marvin -- Violence, U.S.A., Riots and Crime -- The Social Scientist in Court -- Youth Crime: Sumer and Later -- Crime and Punishment in Renaissance Florence -- We Do Not Deserve To Kill -- Of Crimes and Punishment.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781461500230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 413 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Life sciences.
    Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Prehistory represents temporal dimension. Major traditions are an attempt to provide basic information also defined by a somewhat different set of on all archaeologically known cultures, sociocultural characteristics than are eth­ covering the entire globe and the entire nological cultures. Major traditions are prehistory ofhumankind. It is designed as defined based on common subsistence a tool to assist in doing comparative practices, sociopolitical organization, and research on the peoples of the past. Most material industries. but language, ideology, of the entries are written by the world's and kinship tics play little or no part in foremost experts on the particular areas their definition because they are virtually and lime periods. unrecoverable from archaeological con­ The Encyclopedia is organized accord· texts. In contrast, language, ideology, and ing to major traditions. A major tradition kinship ties arc central to defining ethno­ is defined as a group ofpopulations sharing logical cultures. similar subsistence practices. technology, There are three types of entries in the and forms oj sociopolitical organizati01I, Encyclopedia: the major tradition entry
    Description / Table of Contents: Aceramic NeolithicAkkadian -- Arabian Upper Paleolithic -- Central Indian Iron Age -- Central Indian Chalcolithic -- Ceramic Neolithic -- Chalcolithic -- Early Arabian Littoral -- Early Arabian Pastoral -- Early Bronze Age -- Early Dynastic Mesopotamia -- Early Indus -- Epipaleolithic -- Ganges Neolithic -- Gangetic India -- Halafian -- Indus Neolithic -- Iranian Bronze Age -- Iranian Chalcolithic -- Iranian Iron Age -- Iranian Mesolithic -- Iranian Neolithic -- Jemdet Nasr -- Late Arabian Littoral -- Late Arabian Pastoral -- Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia -- Mature Indus -- Middle Arabian Littoral -- Middle Arabian Pastoral -- Middle Bronze Age -- Natufian -- South Asian Microlithic -- South Asian Upper Paleolithic -- South Indian Chalcolithic -- South Indian Iron Age -- Southern Asia Upper Paleolithic -- Ubaid -- Vedic.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461506157
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 300 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The archaeological focus on a single geographical area offers an opportunity to present projectile point typology as a microtechnology even though some of the types have widespread distributions. The area of the Middle Potomac River Valley presents a physical artefact collection for a view of prehistory. This volume, which includes several hundred images of the investigation, artefacts and archaeological research compiled and recorded from over 30 years of work in the area, includes: -an overview of the Middle Potomac River Valley archaeology including the peoples and sites; -new data and interpretations for the lithic technology of the area; and -classification and typology of artefacts including the usage of projectile point, axe, celt, drill, and knife implements. This work will be of great interest to prehistory archaeologists, especially those working in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781441986726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Management. ; Finance.
    Abstract: Jacques Cory's second book Activist Business Ethics expands upon the theoretical concepts developed in his first book Business Ethics: The Ethical Revolution of Minority Shareholders published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in March 2001. Activist business ethics is needed in order to remedy the wrongdoing committed to stakeholders and minority shareholders. This will be achieved by cooperation between ethical businessmen, activist academics, stakeholders and minority shareholders. We should treat others as we would want others to treat us, not through interest, but by conviction. Yet this principle is not the guideline of many companies in the modern business world, despite the fact that most religions and philosophers have advocated it in the last 3,000 years. How can we convince or compel modern business to apply this principle? And is it essential to the success of economy? In order to answer these questions this book examines the evolution of activist business ethics in business, in democracies, in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, in philosophy and psychology. The book examines international aspects, the personification of stakeholders, the predominance of values and ethics for CEOs and the inefficient safeguards of the stakeholders' interests. The book presents new vehicles for the safeguard of those interests, such as the Internet, Transparency, Ethical Funds and Activist Associations, and future activist vehicles, such as the Supervision Board and the Institute of Ethics. Today everybody is a stakeholder and a minority shareholder of a company, directly or through our pension funds, or as a client, a supplier, a member of a community and a citizen. The principal premise of the book is, therefore, that ultimately the wrongdoers act against themselves. The book is woven with many references on ethics and business ethics from the professional and classic world literature, the Bible and other religious texts, poetry, maxims, and folk tales; showing that ethical problems are similar throughout the ages and cultures, but some of the solutions given in this book are new and original. Activist Business Ethics is primarily intended for the academic market and is particularly appropriate for academics in business administration, ethics and finance. It should also appeal strongly to the professional business/finance market, and to stakeholders and minority shareholders as well, who are aware of the wrongdoing committed to them and who want to remedy the ...
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Activist ethics in Business -- 3. Ethical and Democratic Evolution -- 4. Activist Business Ethics in Christianity -- 5. Activist Business Ethics in Judaism -- 6. Activist Business Ethics in other Religions -- 7. Activist Business Ethics in Philosophy -- 8. Psychological and Psychoanalytical Aspects -- 9. International Aspects -- 10. The Personification of Stakeholders -- 11. The Predominance of Values and Ethics for CEOs -- 12. The Methodological Approach of the Book -- 13. The Inefficient Existing Safeguards of the Stakeholders’ Interests -- 14. Internet, Transparency, Activist Associations and Ethical Funds -- 15. Future Activist Vehicles - The Supervision Board -- 16. Future activist vehicles - The Institute of Ethics -- 17. Conclusion.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461511113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 143 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Economic growth. ; Macroeconomics ; Regional economics ; Political science. ; Spatial economics. ; Economic development.
    Abstract: This book examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on subnational resource mobilization capacity, and on macroeconomic stability, in four African countries. Field research conducted in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Mali, constituted the basis for a rigorous and detailed examination of the decentralization process in each country. One of the intriguing findings is that increased subnational tax autonomy significantly reduces the size of the central government and improves the central government budget balance in the sample countries. Recommendations are: (a) the design and implementation of decentralization mechanisms must be based on the principles of stability, transparency, accountability, and equity; (b) frequent dialogue between the central and sub-national governments, and an active association and cooperation of local and regional levels of government in the formulation of macroeconomic objectives will improve the chances of successful decentralization programs; (c) authorities must heighten their campaigns to educate local populations on decentralization reforms. Full and educated participation of all citizens at the grassroots level is critical to the success of decentralization programs. In all, the book focuses its analysis on the capacity of local communities in Africa for autonomous development and self-governance, and that, is a refreshing addition to the literature
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Decentralization: definitions, theories and debate1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Decentralization -- 3. The Theoretical Debate on Decentralization -- 4. Can Decentralization Destabilize Economic Reform? -- 2. The General Structure of Decentralization in Mali and Ghana -- 1. Overview -- 2. MALI -- 3. GHANA -- 3. The General Structure of Decentralization in Burkina Faso and Benin -- 1. BURKINA FASO -- 2. BENIN -- 4. The General Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Four African Countries -- 1. General Considerations -- 2. Designing a Fiscal Decentralization Program -- 3. The Role and Impact of International Development Aid -- 4. The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Mali -- 5. The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Ghana -- 6. The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Burkina Faso -- 7 The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Benin -- 5. Empirical Evidence on Fiscal Decentralization in Four African Countries -- 1. Understanding the Data -- 2. Quality Indicators of Fiscal Decentralization -- 3. The Quantitative Indicators -- 6. The Macroeconomic Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization -- 1. General Considerations -- 2. Statistical Evidence on Intergovernmental Coordination Failures -- 3. Analyzing the Data -- 7. Conclusions and Recommendations -- 1 On the Fiscal Strength of Local Communities -- 2 Some Suggestions on Improving Intergovernmental Fiscal Coordination -- 3 On Local Government Borrowing Capabilities -- 4. The importance of Associating Local Governments to Central Government Decision-making Process -- 5. Final Remarks -- List of Abbreviations -- References.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9781461506393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 390 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; History.
    Abstract: The origins and development of civilization are vital components to the understanding of the cultural processes that create human societies. Comparing and contrasting the evolutionary sequences from different civilizations is one approach to discovering their unique development. One area for comparison is in the Central Andes where several societies remained in isolation without a written language. As a direct result, the only resource for understanding these societies is in their material artefacts. In this work, the focus is on what the material remains reveal about the sociopolitical structures of the Central Andes region. This focus on ancient identity politics adopts a perspective that explicitly interrogates the processes and strategies by which higher social groups acted as self-interested agents in the achievement and maintenance of differential status, including: symbols of power and their role in the construction of an elite identity; social legitimization and achievement of economic or material power; design of architecture for the display of power and exercise of social control; and promotion of labor-intensive agriculture for the purpose of surplus production and extraction
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. Theorizing Variations in Andean Sociopolitical Organization -- II. Early Andean Civilizations -- 2. The Sechín Alto Complex and Its Place Within Casma Valley Initial Period Development -- 3. Out in the Streets of Moche: Urbanism and Sociopolitical Organization at a Moche IV Urban Center -- 4. Power and Social Ranking at the End of the Formative Period: The Lower Lurín Valley Cemeteries -- 5. Nasca Settlement and Society on the Hundredth Anniversary of Uhle's Discovery of the Nasca Style -- III. Traditions of Imperialism in the Andes -- 6. Tiwanaku Political Economy -- 7. Iwawi and Tiwanaku -- 8. Imperial Interaction in the Andes: Huari and Tiwanaku at Cerro Baúl -- 9. The Huaro Archaeological Site Complex: Rethinking the Huari Occupation of Cuzco -- 10. The Archaeology of Inca Origins: Excavations at Chokepukio, Cuzco, Peru -- 11. Catequil: The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Ethnography of a Major Provincial Huaca -- IV. Solving Puzzles of the Past -- 12. Tracking the Source of Quispisisa Obsidian from Huancavelica to Ayacucho -- V. Conclusion -- 13. Writing the Andes with a Capital 'A'.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461510857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 247 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Industrial management ; Decision making. ; Social sciences ; Operations research ; Production management. ; Management.
    Abstract: Operational Logistics: The Art and Science of Sustaining Military Operations explores military logistics in terms of the theoretical foundations of operational logistics (OpLog) and its applications. The theoretical foundations are examined with regard to two dimensions. First, the artistic or qualitative aspects of contemporary logistics are looked at in the context of the operational level of war. These OpLog aspects include principles, imperatives and tenets, which are stated and analyzed. The second dimension relates to the scientific aspects of logistics. It is manifested by a formal network model that represents the structural and operational features of an OpLog system. Hence the book examines both artistic and scientific dimensions of military logistics and integrates the respective qualitative and quantitative aspects into a unified and definitive presentation of operational logistics. Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to military logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the general structure and characteristics of logistics and describes its three levels - strategic, operational and tactical. Chapter 3 focuses on Operational Logistics (OpLog). Chapter 4 deals with the logistics planning process. Chapter 5 addresses the issue of logistics information. Chapter 6 deals with forecasting logistics demands. Chapter 7 introduces the first version of the logistics network model. Chapter 8 addresses an important property of an OpLog system - Flexibility. Chapter 9 discusses two major (and dual) issues in OpLog practice: force accumulation and medical treatment and evacuation. Chapter 10 presents an inter-temporal network optimization model that is designed to determine deployment and employment of the support chain in an OpLog system
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 The Essence of Logistics -- 1.2 What is Logistics? -- 1.3 War as a Production System -- 1.4 Logistics - A Definition -- 1.5 Art or Science? -- 1.6 The Three Logistics Options -- 1.7 Summary -- 2. Structure, Terminology and Analytic Tools -- 2.1 The Three Levels of Logistics -- 2.2 Strategic Logistics -- 2.3 Tactical Logistics -- 2.4 Basic Operational Logistics Terms -- 2.5 Models and Analytic Tools -- 2.6 Summary -- 3. The Foundation of Operational Logistics -- 3.1 The Operational Level -- 3.2 Defining Operational Logistics -- 3.3 Characterization and General Features -- 3.4 Operational Logistics and Operational Art -- 3.5 The Content of OpLog -- 3.6 The Principles of OpLog -- 3.7 Summary -- 4. The Planning Process -- 4.1 The Nature of OpLog Planning -- 4.2 Planning at the Strategic and Tactical Levels -- 4.3 Logistic Responsiveness in Operations -- 4.4 Planning Logistics in an Operation -- 4.5 Summary -- 5. Logistic Information -- 5.1 The Information Needed by the Operational Logistician -- 5.2 The Structure of the Logistic Information Network -- 5.3 The Flow in the Logistic Information Network -- 5.4 Standard vs. Ad-Hoc Information -- 5.5 Total vs. Efficient Information -- 5.6 Data, Information and Decision-Making -- 5.7 Summary -- 6. Forecasting Logistic Demands -- 6.1 Forecasting Demand at the Three Levels of Logistics -- 6.2 Forecasts as Input to Logistics Planning -- 6.3 The Factors that Affect Uncertainty -- 6.4 A Framework for Logistics Forecasting System -- 6.5 Summary -- 7. The Visual Network Model -- 7.1 Network Models -- 7.2 The Logistics Network Model -- 7.3 The Visual Network (VN) Model -- 7.4 Structural and Operational Properties -- 7.5 Summary -- 8. Flexibility in Operational Logistics -- 8.1 The Facets of Flexibility -- 8.2 Flexibility in Military Operations -- 8.3 The Need for Flexibility in Logistics -- 8.4 Defining Logistics Flexibility -- 8.5 Summary -- 9. Two Critical Processes in Operational Logistics -- 9.1 Force Accumulation -- 9.2 Medical Treatment and Evacuation -- 9.3 Summary -- 10. Optimizing the Logistics Network -- 10.1 The Decision Problems -- 10.2 Logistics Inter-Temporal Network Optimization Model -- 10.3 The Optimization Problem -- 10.4 The Linear Programming Model -- 10.5 Summary.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781461505976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 376 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The origins and development of civilization are vital components to the understanding of the cultural processes that create human societies. Comparing and contrasting the evolutionary sequences from different civilizations is one approach to discovering their unique development. One area for comparison is in the Central Andes where several societies remained in isolation without a written language. As a direct result, the only resource to understand these societies is their material artifacts. In this second volume, the focus is on the art and landscape remains and what they uncover about societies of the Central Andes region. The ancient art and landscape, revealing the range and richness of the societies of the area significantly shaped the development of Andean archaeology. This work includes discussions on: - pottery and textiles; - iconography and symbols; - ideology; - geoglyphs and rock art. This volume will be of interest to Andean archaeologists, cultural and historical anthropologists, material archaeologists and Latin American historians
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. From Art to Material Culture -- II. Andean Art and Society -- 2. Identification of the Camelid Woman and Feline Man Themes, Motifs, and Designs in Pucara Style Pottery -- 3. Differentiating Paracas Necropolis and Early Nasca Textiles -- 4. Proto-Writing in Moche Pottery at Cerro Mayal, Peru -- 5. Chachapoya Iconography and Society at Laguna de los Cóndores, Peru -- 6. Art and Prestige among Noble Houses of the Equatorial Andes -- III. Landscapes of Power -- 7. The Gateways of Tiwanaku: Symbols or Passages? -- 8. Religious Ideology and Military Organization in the Iconography of a D-Shaped Ceremonial Precinct at Conchopata -- 9. A New Perspective on Conchopata and the Andean Middle Horizon -- 10. The Correlation Between Geoglyphs and Subterranean Water Resources in the Río Grande de Nazca Drainage -- 11. Rock Art, Historical Memory, and Ethnic Boundaries: A Study from the Northern Andean Highlands -- IV. Conclusion -- 12. Issues of Cultural Production and Reproduction.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9780306474613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 298 p)
    Series Statement: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Zoology ; Ecology ; Anthropology ; Evolution (Biology) ; Zoology ; Ecology ; Affen ; Afrika ; Konferenzschrift ; Afrika ; Affen
    Abstract: Many of the papers in this volume were first presented at the Third International Great Apes of the World Conference, held July 3-6, 1998 in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The editors of this volume, the first in a two-volume series, are world renowned, having dedicated most of their lives to the study of great apes. The world's premiere primatologists, ethologists, and anthropologists present the most recent research on both captive and free-ranging African great apes. These scientists, through deep personal commitment and sacrifice, have expanded their knowledge of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. With forests disappearing, many of these studies will never be duplicated. This volume, and all in the Developments in Primatology book series, aim to broaden and deepen the understanding of this valuable cause
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781475733518
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 404 p)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 618.92
    RVK:
    Keywords: Pediatrics ; Public International Law ; Pediatric Surgery ; Public Health ; Medical Law ; Pediatrics ; Surgery ; Public health laws ; Beschneidung ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Beschneidung
    Abstract: Every year, in the United States and the third world combined, 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls are circumcised. Whether because of perceived medical, cultural, or religious necessity, most of these parents feel they have no alternative but to allow their children to undergo this surgery. Sparking intense debate, the circumcision of children is a highly controversial and complex phenomenon that touches a variety of sociological areas, such as religious beliefs, identity issues, medical conceptualizations, fear, and superstition. The contributors to this volume comprise an international panel of experts in the fields of medicine, psychology, law, ethics, sociology, anthropology, history, theology, and politics. In 18 chapters they discuss the history of circumcision; document the physical and psychological consequences of circumcision; present the latest anatomical discoveries about the male prepuce; analyze the role of circumcision in various traditions; reveal the medical industry's investment in the practice; describe current legislative efforts to protect children from circumcision; and outline effective, culturally sensitive methods that are being implemented today to safeguard the human rights of at-risk children. For its insights into this troubling aspect of culture, Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem is a critically important contribution to the growing body of literature on this subject
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461506553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 232 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.4
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Child psychology. ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; School psychology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: The authors surveyed over 9,000 seventh grade students in the Houston Independent School District up to three times during their junior high school years and once as young adults between 1971 and 1980. Drawing on the extensive data gathered from this longitudinal survey, Kaplan and Johnson develop and test a comprehensive theoretical statement about the social and social psychological processes involved in the onset and course of deviant behavior
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Deviant Behavior1. Toward a General Theory of Deviant Behavior -- 2. Method -- II. Deviant Behavior in Adolescence -- 3. An Elaboration Strategy for the Study of Deviant Behavior -- 4. Gender as a Moderator in Explanations of Adolescent Deviance -- 5. Multigroup Analysis of the General Theory of Deviant Behavior: Three-Wave Panel Analysis by Race -- III. Deviant Behavior from Adolescence to Young Adulthood -- 6. Deviance from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: The Experience of White-Anglo Adolescents -- 7. Deviance and Gender: Adolescence to Young Adulthood -- IV. Summary And Conclusions -- 8. The Study of Deviant Behavior: Retrospect and Prospect -- References.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9781461515913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 225 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Environmental sciences ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Life sciences. ; Environment.
    Abstract: In the last three decades, bioethics has matured into a field of study with several areas of concentration, including medical ethics, environmental ethics and more recently, genetic ethics. For reasons related to both the developmental history of the subject and to the poignancy of the problems presented, most textbooks and collections of essays have dealt with only a single area, medical ethics. In fact, to many not in the field, the word bioethics has become synonymous with medical ethics. The aim of this collection of essays, entitled New Dimensions in Bioethics: Science, Ethics and the Formation of Public Policy, is to enlarge this restrictive vision of the field as it is usually studied at universities. By combining essays relevant to medical ethics with companion essays on environmental ethics and genetic ethics, the book emphasizes similarities in the methods of analysis used in diverse bioethical problems, whether dealing with genes, with people or the environment. In this way, New Dimensions in Bioethics: Science, Ethics and the Formation of Public Policy, hopes to contribute to the intellectual unity of the subject and to suggest changes in the way bioethics can be taught and studied at both the graduate and undergraduate level
    Description / Table of Contents: II. The Social Function of the Scientist: The Ethics of Truth TellingIII. Genetics -- Race, Genes & Human Origins: How Genetically Diverse are We? -- Can Agricultural Biotechnology Solve World Hunger Problems?: The Role of Regulations and Oligopolies -- Genetic Predisposition and the Politics of Prediction -- IV. Environment -- Scale, Awareness and Conscience: The Moral Terrain of Ecological Vulnerability -- Pesticide Use: Ethical, Environmental, and Public Health Implications -- Falling Leaves and Ethical Dilemmas: Agent Orange in Vietnam -- Animal Matters -- Environmental Values in Peace and War -- V. Medicine -- Roe v. Wade as a Counter-Revolutionary Manifesto: A Retrospective View -- Home Sweet Hospital: The Nature and Limits of Family Responsibilities for Home Health Care -- Ethics and Public Policy in a Democracy: The Case of Human Embryo Research -- Human Sacrifice and Human Experimentation: Reflections at Nuremberg.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9781461505211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 379 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Prehistory, with regionally organized entries on each major archaeological tradition, is a comprehensive overview of human history from two million years ago to the historic period. Prepared under the auspices and with the support of the Human Relations Area Files, and an internationally distinguished advisory board, the encyclopedia is written by noted experts in the field and edited by Peter N. Peregrine and Melvin Ember. These volumes employ comparable units of description and analysis, making them easy to use and compare. Volume 7 focuses on South America
    Description / Table of Contents: Andean Regional DevelopmentAndean Regional States -- Aymara Kingdoms -- Chavín -- Chimú -- Coastal Andean Archaic -- Early Amazonian -- Early Coastal Andean Formative -- Early East Brazilian Uplands -- Early Highland Andean Archaic -- Early Parana-Pampean -- Highland Andean Formative -- Huari -- Inca -- Late Amazonian -- Late Andean Hunting-Collecting -- Late Coastal Andean Formative -- Late East Brazilian Uplands -- Late Highland Andean Archaic -- Late Parana-Pampean -- Magellan-Fuegan -- Moche -- Nasca (Nazca) -- Old Amazonian Collecting-Hunting -- Old South American Hunting-Collecting -- Sambaqui -- South Andean Ceramic -- Tiwanaku -- Tupi.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781461511892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 386 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Prehistory, with regionally organized entries on each major archaeological tradition, is a comprehensive overview of human history from two million years ago to the historic period. Prepared under the auspices and with the support of the Human Relations Area Files, and an internationally distinguished advisory board, the encyclopedia is written by noted experts in the field and edited by Peter N. Peregrine and Melvin Ember. These volumes employ comparable units of description and analysis, making them easy to use and compare. Volume 3 focuses on East Asia and Oceania
    Description / Table of Contents: ChulmunDawenkou -- Daxi -- Early Australian -- Early Nomad -- Early Xiajiadian -- East Asian Middle Paleolithic -- Easter Island -- Eastern Central Asia Neolithic and Bronze Age -- Eastern Central Asia Paleolithic -- Fijian -- Hawaiian -- Hoabinhian -- Hongshan -- Island Southeast Asia Late Prehistoric -- Japanese Upper Paleolithic -- Jomon -- Late Xiajiadian -- Late Australian -- Lapita -- Longshan -- Mainland Southeast Asia Late Prehistoric -- Majiabang -- Maori -- Marquesan -- Melanesian -- Micronesian -- Mumun -- New Guinea Neolithic -- Ordosian -- Peiligang -- Samoan -- Southeast Asia Neolithic and Early Bronze -- Southeast Asia Upper Paleolithic -- Southeast China Early Neolithic -- Southeast China Late Neolithic -- Tahitian -- Tongan -- Yangshao -- Yayoi -- Zhoukoudianian.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461516293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics Methodology ; Social sciences Methodology ; Social sciences ; Economic history. ; Microeconomics ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to demonstrate that it is possible to do meaningful, significant, and sophisticated analysis in social science when the variables under consideration are, given present knowledge, incapable of measurement. No effort to `measure' the unmeasurable is attempted. Rather, techniques for model building, such as the construction of simultaneous and periodic relation systems that do not require the existence of measures are explored. In addition to presenting a methodology enabling the investigator to deal with the unmeasured, many examples are provided that illustrate how those methods may actually be used. In addition, the book addresses the following: Where has the overwhelming focus on the quantitative (often to the exclusion of the unmeasurable or qualitative) in social science in particular, and in modern societies in general, come from? How can the use of the formalizations of model building, both in the presence and absence of measurement, be justified in social science? What are the dangers of using proxy variables in general in the construction of models, and what are the dangers of treating variables that are only ordinally gauged as if they were cardinally or intervally measured? Finally, when only ordinal calibrations of some variables are available, what analytical methods may legitimately be employed to deal with them?
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Science, Social Science, and Measurement1: Methodology -- 2. Our Mad Rush to Measure: How Did We Get into this Mess? -- 3. In Defense of Formalization in Economics -- 4. On Not Quantifying the Non-Quantifiable -- 5. Notions of Closeness in a Non-Quantifiable Setting -- 6. The Role of Formalism in Economic Thought, with Illustration Drawn from the Analysis of Social Interaction in the Firm -- 7. Institutionally Determined Parameters in Economic Equations -- 8. The Misuse of Measurement in Economics -- 9. Analysis with Ordinal Measurement -- II: Applications -- 10. Effort and Efficiency in the Neoclassical Firm -- 11. The Efficiency of Organizational Forms -- 12. Attitudes, Rationality, and Consumer Demand -- 13. Political Structure and System and the Notion of Logical Completeness -- 14. The Formal Structure of Argument in Professor Apter’s Choice and the Politics of Allocation.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9781461511830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 513 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Hydraulic engineering ; Hydrogeology. ; Sedimentology ; Geography ; Archaeology ; Geology.
    Abstract: Earth Sciences and Archaeology brings together contributions from an experienced group of archaeologists and geologists whose common objective is to present thorough and current reviews of the diverse ways in which methods from the earth sciences can contribute to archaeological research. Many areas of research are addressed here, including artifact analysis and sourcing, landscape reconstruction and site formation analysis, soil micromorphology and geophysical exploration of buried sites. Archaeology has benefited from geological methods in many ways in recent decades. However, in the past ten to twenty years, this informal collaboration between geologists and archaeologists has grown into a formal integration of earth science and archaeology on a significant scale. This book allows the contributors to assess where we are in terms of interdisciplinary research, which approaches work best in specific situations, and where this collaborative approach should progress to in the future
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1. Quaternary Geoscience in Archaeology -- 2. A Review of Site Formation Processes and Their Relevance to Geoarchaeology -- 3. Evaluating Causality if Landscape Change: Examples from Alluviation -- 4. Geoarchaeology in Alluvial Landscapes -- 5. A Geomorphological Approach to Reconstructing Archaeological Settlement Patterns Based on Surficial Artifact Distribution: Re-placing Humans on the Landscape -- 6. Archaeoseismology: Shaking Out the History of Humans and Earthquakes -- 7. Use and Analysis of Soils by Archaeologists and Geoscientists: A North American Perspective -- 8. Micro-facies Analysis Assisting Archaeological Stratigraphy -- 9. The Soil Micromorphologist as Team Player: A Multianalytical Approach to the Study of European Microstratigraphy -- 10. Buried Artifacts in Sandy Soils: Techniques for Evaluating Pedoturbation versus Sedimentation -- 11. The Role of Petrography in the Study of Archaeological Ceramics -- 12. Microartifacts -- 13. Current Practices In Archaeogeophysics: Magnetics, Resistivity, Conductivity, and Ground Penetrating Radar -- 14. Beyond C14 Dating: A User's Guide to Long-range Dating Methods in Archaeology -- 15. Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Soils: Applications for Archaeological Research -- 16. Sourcing Lithic Artifacts by Instrumental Analyses -- 17. A Personal View of Earth Sciences Contribution to Archaeology -- Index.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9781461506539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 707 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Regional planning ; Culture—Study and teaching. ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: The Eastern Sahara is a truly fascinating place to study prehistory; despite the impression of a hostile environment, widespread and abundant archaelogical evidence suggest that the area was not always a lifeless desert. This monumental volume deals with the Halocene stratigraphy and archaeology of Nabta Playa, perhaps the largest of the deflaltional basins found in the region and one especially rich in archaeological remains documenting past human presence
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461517092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 237 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; International economics ; Macroeconomics ; Finance. ; Political science. ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: The Eastern Enlargement of the EU identifies the major fiscal challenges facing Central European countries on the road to European Union accession. The Introduction and three other chapters are on broad macro-economic issues, and four `sectoral' chapters follow these on such questions as the fiscal impact of pensions, health reform, taxation and agricultural policies. A comprehensive analysis of tax systems and of the major elements of public social expenditures (pensions and health care systems) is presented. This analysis helps to identify the key factors determining the present size of governments and the need for, and prospects of, fiscal adjustment. In addition, a comparison of fiscal policy is carried out, followed by a long-term fiscal projection until year 2010. The book is relevant to academics in macroeconomics, European studies and transition economics, as well as in public finance and public policy sciences. It should also appeal to a significant professional audience. Policy makers and economists interested in the accession process in EU countries - at ministries, National Banks, research departments of banks, international organizations (the EU Commission, World Bank, IMF, OECD) - will have a strong interest in this book
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Macroeconomic and Fiscal Challenges During the Eu Accession Prosess: An Overview2. The Approach to Eu and Emu Membership: The Implication for Macroeconomic Policy in the Applicant Countries -- 3. Public Debt and Fiscal Adjustment in Selected Transition Economies: Structure, Dynamics and Possible Development Paths for the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania -- 4. Evaluating Government Policy in Transition Countries -- 5. A Great Leap Forward? Pension Developments and Reforms in The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania -- 6. Searching For the Laffer Curve in Transition Economies -- 7. A Looming Financial Crisis in the Czech Republic? -- 8. From Transition to Accession - Agriculture in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland and the Common Agricultural -- 9. The Fiscal Impact of Health Care Reforms in Central Europe.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461515456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 257 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; Anthropology ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Evolutionary Theory and Human Nature is an original, highly theoretical work dealing with the transition from genes to behavior using general principles of evolution, especially those of sexual selection. It seeks to develop a seamless transition from genes to human motivations as bio-electric brain processes (emotional-cognitive processes), to human nature propensities (various constellations of emotional-cognitive forces, desires and fears) to species typical patterns of behavior. This work covers two often antagonistic fields: biology and the social sciences. It should be of strong interest to anthropologists, sociologists, sociobiologists, psychobiologists and psychologists who are interested in the question of human nature influences on social behavior
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 In Search of Human Nature: Reason and RationalityReason As Rationality -- In Search of an Empirical Science of Human Behaviour -- Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Biology and the Social Sciences: The Issue of Morality -- Darwin-s Impact -- Biology and the Social Sciences; The Search for Morality -- Summary and Conclusions -- 3 Biology and the Social Sciences: Epistemological and Ontological Issues -- The Problem of Causation -- Human Nature and the Problem of ‘Pre-knowledge’ -- The Problem of Classification: Significance and Unity -- In Search of Human Nature -- Summary and Conclusions -- 4 Human Nature: Emotional-Cognitive Processes -- Emotionality and Cognition: Meaning and Significance -- The Biology of Emotional-Cognitive Processing -- Summary and Conclusions -- 5 The Psychology of Human Emotional-Cognitive Processing -- Species Typical Emotional-Cognitive Motivators -- The Evolution of Human Desires -- The Evolution of Human Fears -- Summary and Conclusions -- 6 Advanced Cognition -- Evaluating -- Delineating -- Deception and Self-deception -- Summary and Conclusions -- 7 Human Nature and Social Propensities -- Human Nature and the Processes of Political Society -- The Search for Vengeance and the Social Order -- Controlling Self and Others -- Summary and Conclusions -- 8 In Search of Political Society -- Social Boundaries -- Hierarchy, Politics and Spirituality -- In Search of Natural Kinds of Behaviour -- Conclusions: A Science of Behaviour -- Notes -- References.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475733358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 139 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics.
    Abstract: There is substantial controversy regarding private school effects on academic achievement. A number of studies claim to show that Catholic and other private schools have a positive effect on academic achievement, especially with minorities. Critics claim that seemingly positive private school effects could be the result of selection rather than causation. Some proponents argue that Catholic schools might play a larger role in promoting an egalitarian society if grants or vouchers that could be used in the parochial school sector were made available to poor students. Critics point to studies showing mixed results of Catholic schools on academic achievement and downplay the effect of private competition on public education. Catholic Schools: Private and Social Effects examines the controversies concerning the measured effects of Catholic schooling on educational attainment, academic achievement, and other tangible outcomes. It focuses on the effects of Catholic schooling on test scores, homework, labor market outcomes, religiosity, public school achievement, and other outcomes such as alcohol and substance abuse. The volume also considers how Catholic schooling effects vary by location, minority status, and time period
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Catholic Grade Schools and Academic Achievement -- 3. Catholic Religiosity and Catholic School Effects -- 4. Catholic Schools and Educational Attainment: Findings for Older Adults -- 5. Catholic High Schools and Rural Academic Achievement -- 6. Catholic High Schools and Homework -- 7. Catholic Schools and Public School Achievement -- 8. Catholic Schools and Housing Values -- 9. Catholic Schools and Religious Outcomes -- 10. Catholic Schools, Health Habits, and Substance Abuse -- 11. Conclusions.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9781461505334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 299 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, An International Multidisciplinary Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Industrial management ; Management science. ; Economics ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Management.
    Abstract: One of the major tasks facing researchers, practitioners, and funders is the development of empirical tools to measure the inherent worth of nonprofit organizations as well as the sector as a whole. Renowned scholars present chapters on the state of the art of performance measurement in the nonprofit sector and seek to establish a framework for a long-term research agenda to identify, quantify, and self-assess those qualities that make the nonprofit sector unique
    Description / Table of Contents: From the contents: Part I: IntroductionPart II: Concerns of Measurement and Evaluation -- Part III: Civil Society and Governance -- Part IV: Measuring the Impact of Various Sub-Sectors and Special Populations -- Part V: Conclusions -- Index.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9781441987549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 172 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Comparative linguistics ; Phonology ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: In this monograph Katsura Aoyama presents a series of psycholinguistic investigations on consonantal distinctions in Finnish and Japanese. The author deftly describes differences in adult production, perception, and child acquisition of these distinctions. This is an important work for those interested in recent developments in theoretical and psycholinguistics
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Introduction2: Background -- 2.1 Quantity contrasts in Finnish and Japanese phonology -- 2.2 Geminates and the mora -- 2.3 The mora-timing hypothesis -- 3: Preliminary survey: Frequencies of long vowels and geminate consonants in Finnish and Japanese -- 3.1 Purpose of the survey -- 3.2 Research questions -- 3.3 Method -- 3.4 Results -- 3.5 Summary: Implication for the experiments -- 4: Discrimination boundary between the single and geminate consonants -- 4.1 Purpose of the experiments and research questions -- 4.2 Experiment 1. Single/geminate nasal boundary in Finnish: production -- 4.3 Experiment 2. Single/geminate nasal boundary in Japanese: production -- 4.4 Discussion of experiments 1 and 2 -- 4.5 Experiment 3. Single/geminate nasal boundary in Finnish: perception -- 4.6 Experiment 4. Single/geminate nasal boundary in Japanese: perception -- 4.7 Discussion of experiments 3 and 4 -- 4.8 Summary -- 5: Discrimination boundary between the single and geminate consonants: A cross-linguistic study -- 5.1 Purpose of the experiments and research questions -- 5.2 Experiment 5: Finnish speakers’perception of Japanese nasal quantity contrasts -- 5.3 Experiment 6: Japanese speakers’ perception of Finnish nasal quantity contrasts -- 5.4 Discussion of experiment 5 and 6 -- 5.5 Summary of experiments 5 and 6 -- 6: Acquisition of the nasal quantity contrasts -- 6.1 The acquisition of prosody -- 6.2 Purpose of the experiments and research questions -- 6.3 Experiment 7: The acquisition of nasal quantity contrast in Finnish -- 6.4 Experiment 8: The acquisition of nasal quantity contrast in Japanese -- 6.5 Discussion of experiments 7 and 8 -- 6.6 Summary of experiments 7 and 8 -- 7: Discussion: Overall cross-linguistic comparison -- 7.1 Geminates and singletons -- 7.2 Phonological representations and phonological processing -- 7.3 Mora-timing reconsidered -- 8: Summary and conclusion -- References -- Appendix II: Sample pictures and questions -- Appendix III: Data from experiments 1 and 2 -- Appendix IV: Data from experiments 3 and 4 -- Appendix V: Data from experiments 5 and 6 -- Appendix VI: Data from experiments 7 and 8.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Finance. ; Management.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Inefficient Safeguards of the Minority Shareholders -- 3. The Attitude of Society -- 4. The Excessive Privileges of the Majority Shareholders -- 5. Internet and Transparency as Ethical Vehicles -- 6. Ethical Funds -- 7. Activist Associations, ‘Transparency International’, ‘Adam’ -- 8. Case Study of the French Company Loskron -- 9. Case Study of the Israeli/American Company Furolias -- 10. Case Study of the Israeli Companies Erinsar and Soktow -- 11. Case Study of the American Company Mastoss -- 12. Class Actions -- 13. 36 Laws of Wrongdoing to Minority Shareholders in Unethical Companies -- 14. Conclusion.
    Abstract: "Morten: And what are we going to do, when you have made liberal-minded and high-minded men of us? Dr. Stockman: Then you shall drive all the wolves out of the country, my boys!" (Ibsen, An Enemy of the People, Act V) The theoretical and empirical research of this book describes how the traditional safeguards of the rights of minority shareholders have failed in their duty and how those shareholders have remained practically without any protection against the arbitrariness of the companies and majority shareholders. The law, the SEC, society, boards of directors, independent directors, auditors, analysts, underwriters and the press have remained in many cases worthless panaceas. Nevertheless, in the Ethics of 2000 new vehicles have been developed for the protection of minority shareholders, mainly the Internet, transparency, activist associations and ethical funds. Those vehicles give the shareholders at least the chance to understand the pattern and methods that are utilized to wrong them and give them a viable alternative for investment in ethical funds. The new vehicles will prevent minority shareholders from using the Armageddon weapon, by ceasing to invest in the stock exchange and causing the collapse of the system, that discriminates against them.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. The Inefficient Safeguards of the Minority Shareholders -- 3. The Attitude of Society -- 4. The Excessive Privileges of the Majority Shareholders -- 5. Internet and Transparency as Ethical Vehicles -- 6. Ethical Funds -- 7. Activist Associations, ‘Transparency International’, ‘Adam’ -- 8. Case Study of the French Company Loskron -- 9. Case Study of the Israeli/American Company Furolias -- 10. Case Study of the Israeli Companies Erinsar and Soktow -- 11. Case Study of the American Company Mastoss -- 12. Class Actions -- 13. 36 Laws of Wrongdoing to Minority Shareholders in Unethical Companies -- 14. Conclusion.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9781461505235
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 509 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Prehistory, with regionally organized entries on each major archaeological tradition, is a comprehensive overview of human history from two million years ago to the historic period. Prepared under the auspices and with the support of the Human Relations Area Files, and an internationally distinguished advisory board, the encyclopedia is written by noted experts in the field and edited by Peter N. Peregrine and Melvin Ember. These volumes employ comparable units of description and analysis, making them easy to use and compare. Volume 6 focuses on North America
    Description / Table of Contents: AdenaArchaic Oregon Coast -- Basketmaker II -- Cascade -- Central Plains Village -- Cosumnes -- Early Anasazi -- Early and Middle High Plains Archaic -- Early Desert Archaic -- Early Eastern Archaic -- Early Eastern Woodland -- Early Hohokam -- Early Mogollon -- Early Paleoindian -- Early Sierra Nevada -- Early Southern California -- Formative Oregon Coast -- Fort Ancient -- Fremont -- Harder -- High Plains Late Prehistoric -- Hopewell -- Hotchkiss -- Late Anasazi -- Late Desert Archaic -- Late Eastern Archaic -- Late Eastern Woodland -- Late High Plains Archaic -- Late Hohokam -- Late Mogollon -- Late Paleoindian -- Late Sierra Nevada -- Late Southern California -- Middle Desert Archaic -- Middle Eastern Archaic -- Middle Eastern Woodland -- Mississippian -- Northeast Late Woodland -- Northeast Middle Woodland -- Northern Plains Village -- Oneota -- Patayan -- Plains Archaic -- Plains Woodland -- Proto-Iroquois -- San Dieguito -- Tucannon -- Windmiller.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461542490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 321 p)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Quality of Life Research ; Aging ; Public Health ; Medical Law ; Evolutionary Biology ; Quality of Life / Research ; Aging / Research ; Public health laws ; Evolution (Biology) ; Sozialethik ; Lebensqualität ; Langlebigkeit ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Langlebigkeit ; Sozialethik ; Langlebigkeit ; Lebensqualität
    Abstract: Nations around the world are experiencing a spectacular increase in longevity. Society as a whole is being challenged by issues arising from this revolution in longevity. Although the specter of the loneliness and existential suffering of older citizens is such that some people under the age of 65 find it difficult to conceive of a long-term future, persons over 85 have proven that aging does not necessarily preclude a healthy and productive life. Extraordinary progress in both curative and preventive medicine justifies optimism about the quality of life and state of well-being that can be enjoyed even in great old age. We should look to professionals in diverse fields to develop creative solutions to the inevitable issues that will arise with aging. Governments must prepare for the future health of their citizens by making long-term investments to educate all sectors of society in the value of good nutrition, exercise, and lifestyles that enhance well-being throughout life. Also, governments should realize that the main cause of health care expenditure is serious illness which occurs in persons of all ages, and not predominantly in older people. Early detection can help save lives, as well. Health and longevity of life will ultimately end as a political issue. What is needed is long-term government investments necessary for a viable health policy. The question arises: will world leaders be able to commit to such a policy? Two major socioeconomic phenomena may have a regulating effect on this issue. The first is the emergence of pressure groups that have come into being in response to a particular health issue, such as AIDS. The second is the emergence of ethics committees in developed nations that deal solely with health issues
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9781461543978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 357 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Psychopharmacology ; Social psychology. ; Psychology. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Psychiatry.
    Abstract: The assessment of individual differences has generated shockwaves affecting sociology, education, and a number of other behavioral sciences as well as the fields of management and organizational behavior. In covering the assessment of individual differences, this book pays tribute to the interests and activities that Douglas N. Jackson has incorporated into his career as a psychologist. He continues to be a leader in putting academic findings to practical use. He has also inspired generations of students with his mastery of complex concepts and as a personal example of the ability to balance several simultaneous areas of research. Consistent with the focus of Jackson's research, the theme of this book will be how the use of deductive, construct-driven strategies in the assessment of individual differences leads to benefits in terms of the applicability of the assessment instruments and the clarity of the conclusions that can be drawn from the research
    Description / Table of Contents: Section I. Conceptual and Methodological Influences in the Assessment of Individual Differences1. Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use: The Fusion of Validity and Values in Psychological Assessment -- 2. The Role of Social Desirability in the Assessment of Personality Constructs -- 3. Construct Explication through Factor or Component Analysis: A Review and Evaluation of Alternative Procedures for Determining the Number of Factors or Components -- 4. Improved Standard Errors of Standardized Parameters in Covariance Structure Models: Implications for Construct Explication -- Section II. Construct-Oriented Assessment Within the Domain of Personality -- 5. Application of the Construct Heuristic to the Screening of Psychopathology: The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory (HPSI) -- 6. Construct Validity and the Search for Cross-Cultural Consistencies in Personality -- 7. The Challenge of Construct Validity in the Assessment of Psychopathology -- 8. Individual Differences and Scientific Productivity -- 9. Recent Studies of Intelligence and Personality using Jackson’s Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and Personality Research Form -- Section III. Construct-Oriented Assessment of Individual Differences in Industrial/ Organizational Psychology -- 10. The Assessment of Personality Constructs in Industrial-Organizational Psychology -- 11. Predicting Job Performance using Personality Constructs: Are Personality Tests Created Equal? -- 12. What Constructs Underlie Measures of Honesty or Integrity? -- 13. Construct Validation in Organizational Behavior Research: The Case of Organizational Commitment -- 14. The Construct of Goal Commitment: Measurement and Relationships with Task Performance -- 15. A Perspective -- Author and Subject Index.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461542315
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (Produktform)Electronic book text
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9781461545279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 216 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 336
    Keywords: Finance ; Management science. ; Personal finance. ; Pension plans. ; Public finance. ; Economics ; Labor economics ; Sociology. ; Finance, Public. ; Financial services industry.
    Abstract: The ageing, financial and labour market challenges facing the old age pension systems of the member states of the European Union are well known. Those who cast doubt on the ability of the present system of pension provision - at least to the extent that it is pay-as-you-go financed - to cope with the problems posed by these challenges are getting more vociferous. Increasingly there are calls for pay-as-you-go systems to be cut back and for funded systems to be expanded. This book contests the view that funding is the answer. It shows how adaptable the largely pay-as-you-go old age pension systems in the European Union are. Actuaries, economists, lawyers, political scientists, pension advisers, and sociologists, from nine European countries and the United States, consider four main themes: population ageing, competitiveness and retirement; pension financing and economic growth; adapting pension systems to meet change; and decision-making processes. They argue that pay-as-you-go-financed old age pension systems in the European Union have the ability to successfully adapt to economic and social change provided they do not take on too many non-insurance-related risks. Solving the problems of the labour market and controlling the direction and extent of economic development are beyond the powers of old age pension systems, regardless of how they are structured or financed. Separate budgets for separate risks is an indispensable principle if the complex processes of social protection are to be successfully managed, monitored, and made transparent. There can be no single plan for the future development of old age pension systems which would be universally valid for all the countries of the European Union. A single solution cannot take into account the special circumstances obtaining in every nation, and since respect for the special features of national systems is the basis of popular acceptance, the way forward is to reform existing systems in existing contexts
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. IntroductionI Population Ageing, Competitiveness and Retirement -- 2. Demography, the Labour Market and Competitiveness -- 3. Retirement Age: Public Policy and Employer Policies in Europe and the United States -- II Pension Financing and Economic Growth -- 4. Pension Financing, the Substitution Effect and National Savings -- 5. The Effects of a Fully Funded Pension System on Individual Savings Behaviour -- 6. The Control and Centralisation of Pension Fund Investment in the United Kingdom -- 7. A Political Economy Approach to Pension Financing -- III Adapting Pension Systems to Meet Change -- 8. Equity Within and Between Generations: Pension Systems and Equity -- 9. Contributions and Taxes for Financing Public Pension Expenditure: Looking for an Adequate Structure of Finance -- 10. Personal Pensions in the UK, the Mis-selling Scandal and the Lessons to be Learnt -- 11. The New Swedish Pension System -- IV Pensions and Social Partnership -- 12. The Decision-Making Process in the German Pension System -- 13. Supplementary Pension Plans and Collectively Agreed Schemes -- 14. The Impact of Industrial Relations on the Structure of Supplementary Pensions in Scandinavia -- V Conclusions -- 15. Pay-As-You-Go Versus Capital Funding: Towards a More Balanced View in Pension Policy - Some Concluding Remarks.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461542377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 504 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness ; Social psychology. ; Personality. ; Clinical psychology. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Sociology. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Comparison of objects, events, and situations is integral to judgment; comparisons of the self with other people comprise one of the building blocks of human conduct and experience. After four decades of research, the topic of social comparison is more popular than ever. In this timely handbook a distinguished roster of researchers and theoreticians describe where the field has been since its development in the early 1950s and where it is likely to go next
    Description / Table of Contents: From the contents: ContributorsPreface -- Part I: Introduction -- Part II: Foundations of Social Comparison -- Part III: Related Social Phenomena -- Part IV: Applications -- Part V: Commentary -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9781461543558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Assessment. ; Education—Psychology. ; Educational tests and measurements ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Educational psychology. ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Educational technology. ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: With this important work, written around current behavioral psychology research and practice as it applies to school-age children, the authors address both experimental and applied issues in the assessments and interventions used with this population. Among the issues examined are the legal, bureaucratic, and psychological complications involving the newly mandated Functional Assessment law. Included with this book is a software package designed specifically to provide tools to conduct and calculate outcomes for functional assessment procedures on notebook computers
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Autonomic LearningThe Fight or Flight Syndrome -- The Autonomic Nervous System -- Extrapolation in Psychology -- School Psychology and Behavior Analysis -- 2 Lucy in the Sky: Learning Without Language -- Natural Selection and Selection by Consequences -- A Few Basic Definitions -- 3 The Evolution of Language and Rule-Governed Behavior -- The Evolution of Words and Rules -- Rule-Governed Behavior and the Premack Principle -- Types of Rule-Following Behavior -- Rule-Governed Behavior and Schedules of Reinforcement -- Masking Subjects -- 4 An Experimental Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior and Human-Computer Interactions -- Superstitions -- Superstitions during Computer-Interactive Math -- Self-Generated Superstitions During Second-Order Response-Independent Schedules -- Shaping Human Verbal Behavior -- Self-Assessment as a Learned Reinforcer: An Experimental Analysis -- Self-Assessment With and Without Feedback -- 5 Computer-Interactive Functional Assessments -- Constructs -- Functional Assessment -- Public Schools’ Interpretations of Functional Assessments -- Extended Functional Assessment Strategies for the Public School -- Descriptive Analysis: An Alternative Form of Functional Assessment -- Running Functional Assessments in a Descriptive Analysis Format -- FOCAL Point Functional Assessments with Notebook Computers -- Installing FOCALPoint for Windows 95/98/NT and Above 142 Running Partial-Interval Observations on FOCAL Point -- 6 Learning to Behave Yourself -- Functional Assessments and Prescriptive Interventions -- Group-contingencies and Peer Attention -- Under Different Conditions with Different Students -- Rule-Following in the Absence of Supervision -- Shaping Rules for Self-Management and Social Skills -- Epilogue.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461513971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 297 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Botany ; Zoology ; Agriculture. ; Plant science. ; Biotechnology.
    Abstract: Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology is a collection of philosophical essays on the ethical dimensions of agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) crops. Agricultural biotechnology refers to a diverse set of industrial techniques used to produce genetically modified foods. Genetically modified (GM) crops are plants manipulated at the molecular level to enhance their value to farmers and consumers. The ethical issues discussed in Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology are diverse and complex. Comstock addresses such concerns as the possibility of genetic engineering producing unanticipated allergens in previously safe foods, unexpectedly toxic health supplements, novel GM diseases, environmental catastrophe, bizarre new lines of animals possessing genes taken from humans, exceedingly wealthy corporations more powerful than the nations trying to regulate them, bankrupted family farmers in the US and Europe, exploited peasant farmers in developing countries, inhumanely treated animals in our labs and on our farms, and corrupted attitudes to nature among our children. In a fascinating narrative account of a journey that began in 1988 and ended twelve years later, Comstock tells the story of how he, an early and somewhat vocal critic of agricultural biotechnology, changed his mind about the ethical acceptability of GM organisms (GMO). Once tempted to oppose all uses of genetic engineering in agriculture, Comstock came to believe that many uses are morally justifiable, and even required. Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology explains his early, anti-GMO, position; the ethical, environmental, economic, social justice and animal rights arguments that led him to reverse himself; and the implications of his new position for public policy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Case Against bGH (1988)2. Against Herbicide Resistance (1990) -- 3. Against Transgenic Animals (1992) -- 4. Against Ag Biotech (1994) -- 5. Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part I: Intrinsic Objections -- 6. Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part II: Extrinsic Objections -- Conclusion -- Credits.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9781461542391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 250 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Mines and mineral resources ; Humanities ; Plant science. ; Cultural heritage. ; Mineral resources. ; Botany ; Archaeology ; Cultural property. ; Mineralogy.
    Abstract: Microbial defacement and degradation of artistic or historic artifacts is a worldwide problem affecting all countries regardless of their history, geographical location, or economic conditions. This is the first comprehensive study of the role of microbial colonization on the degradation of different cultural artifacts (from buildings to books, wall paintings, textiles, sculptures and glass) and of the investigations into the compounds utilized to control microbial invasion. The book focuses on three main areas: the identification of the microorganisms which cause structural damage; methods to reduce or prevent microbial colonization and damage; and the use of microorganisms for the protection and bioremediation of cultural artifacts
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Ecology of microbial communities developing on art worksRecent advances in the molecular biology and ecophysiology of meristematic stone-inhabiting fungi -- Molecular tools applied to the study of deteriorated artworks -- Molecular approaches for the assessment of microbial deterioration of objects of art -- Comparative studies of microbial communities on stone monuments in temperate and semi-arid climates -- Occurrence and fluctuation in photosynthetic biocoenoses dwelling on stone monuments -- Microbial communities in salt efflorescences -- Characterisation of endolithic communities of stone monuments and natural outcrops -- 2. Biosusceptibility of organic and inorganic constituents -- Patina -- A laboratory investigation of the microbial degradation of cultural heritage -- Fungal fox spots and others -- Polymers and resins as food for microbes -- Biodegradability of products used in monuments’ conservation -- 3. Control and utilization of microorganisms -- Integrated concepts for the protection of cultural artifacts against biodeterioration -- Bacterial carbonatogenesis and applications to preservation and restoration of historic property -- Bacterial genes involved in calcite crystal precipitation -- Bioremediation of cultural heritage: removal of sulphates, nitrates and organic substances.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9781461545736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 188 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics Methodology ; Economic history. ; Political science. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: The chapters of this volume apply the tools of public choice theory to the types of questions which economic historians have traditionally addressed. By adding the insights of public choice economists to the traditional tools used to understand economic actors and institutions, the authors are able to provide fresh insights about many important issues of American history. Each contribution analyzes an episode in American economic history within a public choice framework of rational maximization. Agents or interest groups are interpreted as either responding in predictable ways to economic incentives put in play by government policy or attempting to influence government policy. Public Choice Interpretations of American Economic History includes eight essays that examine: Why states contributed to the national government under the Articles of Confederation. The major nineteenth-century transitions in the source of state revenues away from fees and investments and toward the property tax, and from state to local government funding of infrastructure. Three economic failures from the American West in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: overgrazing of the northern plains, despoliation of the Yellowstone Basin, and low productivity of Indian communal lands. The impact on trusts of state-level anti-trust activities and the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The economic and political determinants of state-level WPA spending by the federal government during the New Deal. Why New Deal agricultural policies under the AAA were politically successful, while industrial policies under the NRA were scrapped. The Interaction between Fed policies and banks' decisions about membership in the Federal Reserve System in the period 1921-79. The influence of diversity among voters on states' decisions about how to regulate alcohol consumption in the decades after the end of prohibition
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Public Goods and Private Interests: An Explanation for State Compliance with Federal Requisitions, 1777-1789 -- 3. State Constitutional Reform and the Structure of Government Finance in the Nineteenth Century -- 4. Property Rights in the American West: The Tragedy of the Commons or the Tragedy of Transactions Costs -- 5. Did the Trusts Want a Federal Antitrust Law? An Event Study of State Antitrust Enforcement and Passage of the Sherman Act -- 6. New Deal Spending and the States: The Politics of Public Works -- 7. Public Choice and the Success of Government-Sponsored Cartels: The Different Experience of New Deal Agricultural and Industrial Policies -- 8. Federal Reserve Membership and the Banking Act of 1935: An Application to the Theory of Clubs -- 9. Local Liquor Control from 1934 to 1970.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475764789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 225 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy of mind. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: Consciousness has become a major topic of scientific interest, and dozens of books have been written in recent years to explain it, yet it still remains a mystery. Science and the Riddle of Consciousness explains why consciousness is a riddle for science, and demonstrates how this riddle can be solved. The questions examined in the book speak directly to neuroscientists, computer scientists, psychologists, and philosophers
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Place of Consciousness in Science2 The Scientific Model and the Genesis of the Riddle -- 3 The Manifest Model and the Pythagorean Intuition -- 4 Explaining Qualia -- 5 Methodological Foundations of the Science of Consciousness -- 6 The Primacy of Method -- 7 Solving the Riddle of Intentionality -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9781461545637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 173 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics Methodology ; Economic history. ; Political science. ; Economics—History.
    Abstract: In May 1999, over 50 distinguished scholars from all over the world gathered to honor Gordon Tullock, one of the most prolific, original, and versatile scholars of his generation. Tullock is best known for his pioneering work in Public Choice, the study of how self-interested individuals interact with governments. Tullock's research in public choice has contributed to the understanding of the decisions made by elected officials and bureaucrats, as well as knowledge and how individuals and pressure groups both inside and outside the government seek to shape it. Public Choice Essays in Honor of a Maverick Scholar: Gordon Tullock includes contributions that were strongly influenced by Tullock's work. His influence on studies of governance is well illustrated by the nine papers in this volume. These papers and the discussion touch upon a broad array of aspects of public choice and of Tullock's research
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Public Choice Essays in Honor of a Maverick Scholar: Gordon Tullock1. The Rent-Seeking Insight -- 2. Political Culture and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 3. Constitutional Causes for Technological Leadership: Why Europe? -- 4. Variations on Tullock’s Road Model -- 5. Instability of Voting Outcomes, Logrolling, Arrow, Coase, and All That: A Different Interpretation -- 6. Reflections on the Optimal Size of Government -- 7. Monopoly as a Coordination Problem -- 8. Free Riders and Collective Action Revisited -- 9. Gordon Tullock: His Development as an Unconventional Economist, 1947-1962.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461542858
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Consciousness ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Cognitive psychology. ; Mathematical physics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Every human being is aware of the flow of time. This fact is embodied in the existence of such notions as the past and the future, the two domains being separated from each other by the single moment of the present. While the past is regarded as fixed and definite, the future is viewed as unknown, uncertain, and undetermined. The only perceivable moment is the present, the `now' - the ever-changing point moving from the past into the future. Physics tells us a different story: not only are the vast majority of physical laws time-reversible, but the concept of the `now' itself has no place at all in physics. In other words, the equations of physics do not distinguish between the past and the future and seem to be completely oblivious to the very idea of the present. This book discusses the biological and psychological aspects of perception of time, and the problems related to the determination of location arising from quantum physics, together with comments and opinions from philosophers and physicists
    Description / Table of Contents: T cells as secondary players in rheumatoid arthritisT cell receptor rearrangements in arthritis -- T cell-independent joint destruction -- Role of T cells in arthritis: Lessons from animal models -- The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in arthritis -- Interactions between T cell plasma membranes and monocytes -- Adhesion molecules in arthritis: Control of T cell migration into the synovium -- T cell reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus in rheumatoid arthritis -- T cell responses in reactive and Lyme arthritis -- T cell directed therapies and biologics -- T cells as primary players in rheumatoid arthritis.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9781461545873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 360 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Education. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: The evaluation profession has experienced rapid growth in the past five years. Prior to 1995, five regional and/or national evaluation organizations existed; today, there are more than twenty-five. With chapters from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Eastern and Western Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East, and North America, this bibliography is an attempt to tap into this rapid growth. Each chapter contains a short introduction describing the state of the art of evaluation in the region. References in each chapter contain information about authors, title, source, keywords, and description. Where possible, the keywords indicate country, sector, and evaluation approach. A useful feature of the bibliography is the index of authors and keywords. One look at the index and the reader will see how much evaluators from different regions have to learn from each other. This bibliography will help disseminate innovations in evaluation found in one region to other regions of the world. In this way, this book will enrich the theory and practice of evaluation worldwide
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Africa2 Asia -- 3 Australasia -- 4 Europe -- 5 Latin America & The Caribbean -- 6 Middle East -- 7 North America -- Index of Authors & Keywords.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489933928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 612
    Keywords: Medicine ; Human physiology
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468426946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Objective of Database Management -- Relational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    Abstract: Ten years ago the first International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (COINS-63) was held at Northwestern University. Since that time, computer and information sciences have witnessed a great intensification of research and education. The activities in this field have been significantly broadened and enriched. During this ten-year period, we have organized four COINS symposia to provide a forum for promoting com­ munication among scientists, engineers, and educators in the computer and information science field and to act as a catalyzer for stimulating creative thinking within the community of information processing. The COINS-72 symposium, which took place in Miami Beach on December 14--16,1972, under the cosponsorship of the U.S. Army Research Office, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the University of Florida, is the fourth International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences. The theme of this COINS symposium is information systems. This theme has been selected for the following reasons: Information systems have offered widespread applications in education, government, industry, and science. The bulk of research in computer and information science is now geared to the development of improved information systems. A major portion of software engineering is concerned with computer software and sophisticated information system design. It seems logical that a symposium on information systems should follow the preceding software engineering conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Objective of Database ManagementRelational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9781489955296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 406 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Scottish Universities’ Summer School
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 83
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461345237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Laboratory Instrumentation and Techniques 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Deflection Recorders -- Linearizing Mechanisms -- The Prevention of Loading Effects -- 3 Servo Recorders -- Attentuators -- Reference Voltage Sources -- Slidewires -- Amplifiers -- Motors -- Multichannel Recorders -- Dynamic Properties -- Special Modifications -- 4 X-Y Recorders -- Drive Mechanisms -- Input Circuitry -- 5 Oscillographs -- Light-Beam Oscillographs -- X-Y Oscillographs -- Moving Pen or Stylus Oscillographs -- Fixed-Stylus Recording -- 6 Paper Feed and Writing Mechanisms -- Paper Forms -- Strip-Chart Drive Mechanisms -- Separate Sheet Recording Paper -- Printing Mechanisms -- 7 Shielding and Grounding -- Internal Noise -- External Noise -- Grounding and Guarding -- Amplifiers -- 8 Recorder Specifications -- 9 Troubleshooting -- Maintenance -- Performance Checks -- Difficulties and Their Causes -- 10 Recorder Accessories -- Integrators -- Differentiators -- Retransmitting Potientiometers and Encoders -- Event Markers -- Sampling Recorders -- Scale Expanders -- Multiplexers -- Calibrators -- Chart Viewers -- Appendix: Sources of Laboratory Recorders.
    Abstract: One of the most universal functions of any scientific or engineer­ ing laboratory is the gathering of data to provide answers to immediate questions or information to be filed for future refer­ ence. Such data gathering may be achieved in various ways, depending on the nature and quantity of the information. The most prevalent of such data gathering methods is undoubtedly analog recording. Electrical analog recorders are available in a variety of sizes, speeds, sensitivities, and prices. They are suitable for recording any signal which is in, or can be converted to, electrical form. These recorders are found in every modern laboratory. Without them the importance of many functional relations would be missed altogether. How could one adequately diagnose a heart ailment without a cardiographic recorder, or obtain infrared or magnetic resonance spectra on any practicable basis without a strip-chart recorder? True, various curves that are now traced automatically with a recorder can be plotted manually from point-by-point measure­ ments. This procedure, however, is not only time-consuming, but may cause valid bits of information to be overlooked entirely, simply because the points were taken too far apart. Another factor favoring the use of recorders is the ability to pinpoint faulty operation of the data-gathering system. Artifacts that might not be observable at all in point-by-point observations 1 The Laboratory Recorder 2 will often be readily identifiable on a recording. Asymmetry of a peaked curve, for example, is only dearly evident in a recording.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461582465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This volume, the fifth of a continuing series on information systems science, covers four timely topics which are in the mainstream of this field. In each chapter, an attempt is made to familiarize the reader with basic background information on the advances discussed, so that this volume may be used independently or in conjunction with the previous volumes. The emphasis in this volume is focused upon data organization and access methods, software for on-line minicomputer applications, advances in micropro­ graming, and gramm ars and recognizers for formal and natural languages. In Chapter 1, P. C. Patton presents a tutorial survey of data organiza­ tion and access methods which play a central role in information system design. Research in information processing has been shifted from numerical data processing to nonnumerical information handling. In the latter case, the information is carried not only by the data but also by the structure and organization of the data base. In this chapter, the author provides the reader with a comprehensive review of various data structures, including linear lists, array structures, tree structures, and multilinked structures. He also discusses the important problem of data-base design and management. This chapter concludes with several examples of information handling systems such as a matrix interpretive system, a generalized information management system, and a criminal justice information system. The rapid reduction in cost and great increase in capability of the mini­ computer have made it an attractive machine for information systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468407426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking -- 2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
    Abstract: So simple and imperfect as it may appear this book has made use of knowledge on invention and discovery accumu­ lated during a lifetime. Those persons who would be tempted to emphasize only its imperfections should read the correspondence exchanged between Cantor and Dedekind at the end of the nineteenth century; they would then realize how difficult it was, even for an outstanding man, the creator of the set theory, to propose impeccable results in a completely new field. The field I have chosen here is plausibility. I have proposed an intuitive, some would say a naive, presentation as I want to reach as large an audience as possible and because I personally believe that it is easier to axiomatize a mathematical theory precisely than to dis­ cover it and enunciate its key theorems. Professor Polya said: "The truly creative mathematician is a good guesser first and a good prover afterward. " For centuries a formalized generalized logic was found necessary and many attempts have been made to build it. vi Preface Mine is based on plausibility which covers with precision a wider field than probability and makes the formalization of analogy and generalization possible. As Laplace said: "Even in the mathematical sciences, our principal instru­ ments to discover the truth are induction and analogy. "* The examples of application I have chosen are not des­ cribed in detail.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 299 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468490046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Elf and VLF Signal Properties: Physical Characteristics -- Electric and Magnetic Field Strengths in the open and in Shielded Rooms in the ULF- to LF-Zone -- Behavioural Changes in Human Subjects Associated With ELF Electric Fields -- ELF-Effects on Human Circadian Rhythms -- Operant Methods Assessing the Effects of ELF Electromagnetic Fields -- Behavioural, Physiological, and Histological Changes in Rats Exposed During Various Developmental Stages To ELF Magnetic Fields -- Oxygen and Biochemical Changes Following ELF Exposure -- Precambrian ELF and Abiogenesis -- ELF Electric and Magnetic Field Effects: The Patterns and the Problems -- Contributors.
    Abstract: Recent emphasis upon the importance of the physical environment has made science and the public even more cog­ nizant of the many components of the biosphere. While much attention has been given to ionizing electromagnetic stimuli which causes blatant and unalterable changes in biological systems, relatively little research has been concerned with those electromagnetic signals whose frequencies overlap with time-varying processes in living organisms. Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields can occur as waves between about I Hz to 100 Hz or as short pulses within this range of very low frequency (VLF) and higher frequency sources. The natural occurrence of ELF signals is associated with weather changes, solar disturbances and geophysical­ ionospheric perturbations. Man-made sources have also been reported. Certain physical properties of ELF signals make them excellent candidates for biologically important stimuli. Unlike many other weather components, ELF signals have the capacity to penetrate structures which house living organ­ isms. ELF wave configurations allow long distance propaga­ tional capacities without appreciable attenuation of inten­ sity, thus making them antecedent stimuli to approaching weather changes. Most importantly, ELF signals exhibit the frequencies and wave forms of bio-electrical events that occur within the brain and body. Thus resonance inter­ actions between animal and nature become attractive possi­ bilities.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9781475714425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 220 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: The Dilemma of the Supreme Court -- The Practical Scope of the Amendment -- The South -- Litigation involving the Negro Race -- Results to the Negro Race -- Federal Intervention -- Stare Decisis -- The Corporations and the Twilight Zone -- The Failure of the Fourteenth Amendment as a Constitutional Ideal -- Proposed Remedies.
    Abstract: THE studies here presented are the outgrowth of a paper read before the Government Club of Harvard University in February, 1911. Some of them have within recent months appeared, in substantially their present form, in certain of the academic and legal journals. In the preparation of the statistical material the author has made no use of the current digests of deci­ sions, annotations to the Constitution, nor of the indices to the Supreme Court Reports, except by way of com­ parison of results. He has gone directly to the body of the Reports and given each case a personal examination. Much repetition will be found throughout the work. This may detract from its logical unity, but it is hoped that it may serve some purpose. The true nature of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is little known. The processes of its operation are intricate and complex. This reiteration, therefore, of certain salient features may not be amiss in serving to render more familiar a subject that, al­ though not new historically, has been scantily discussed. The author's thanks are due to the editors of the following periodicals for the courtesy of extending to him the copyright privileges for the use of the material vii VUl PREFACE in the chapters mentioned below: The American Law Review for Chapters V and VI; the Yale Law Journal for Chapter VII; the Columbia Law Review for Chapter VIII; and the South Atlantic Quarterly for Chapter X.
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  • 89
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461588979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 470 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- Developments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: Considerable worldwide interest has arisen in recent years in the controlled use of enzymes as catalysts in industrial processing, analytical chemistry and medical therapy. This interest has genera­ ted the new interdisciplinary field of Enzyme Engineering, which includes both the scientific and technologic aspects of the produc­ tion, purification, immobilization, and application of enzymes in a variety of situations and reactor configurations. A series of Engineering Foundation conferences on Enzyme Engineering was initia­ ted to provide an international forum for the exchange of ideas and information over the entire range of this new field. The outstanding success of the first two conferences attests to the vigor and poten­ tial of this field to contribute significantly to a better under­ standing and resolution of some of the major problems faced by man­ kind. The first conference, which was held August 9-13, 1971, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A. , aided significantly in molding the several traditional disciplines that interact to form the field of Enzyme Engineering. The conference was highly successful mainly because many of the key scientists and engineers from the several facets of Enzyme Engineering were brought together for the first time at a single residential meeting. The result was an exchange of ideas and "education" of one another in the pertinent principles of the diverse disciplines which contribute to this field. The second conference, held August 5-10, 1973, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A.
    Description / Table of Contents: ContentDevelopments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475700497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Music.
    Abstract: I The German Language -- II France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
    Abstract: W HAT I H A V E attempted in this book is a survey of song; the kind of song which one finds variously described as 'concert', 'art', or sometimes even 'classical song'. 'Concert song' seems the most useful, certainly the least inexact or misleading, of some descriptions, especially since 'art song' sounds primly off­ putting, and 'classical song' really ought to be used only to refer to songs written during the classical period, i. e. the 18th century. Concert song clearly means the kind of songs one hears sung at concerts or recitals. Addressing myself to the general music-lover who, though he possesses no special knowledge of the song literature, is never­ theless interested enough in songs and their singers to attend recitals of Lieder or of songs in various languages, I have naturally confined myself to that period of time in which the vast majority of these songs was composed, though not necessarily only to those composers whose songs have survived to be remembered in recital programmes today. I suppose this to be roughly the three centuries covered by the years 1650-1950, though most of the songs we, as audiences, know and love were composed in the middle of this period, in other words in the 19th century.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The German LanguageII France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9781461590590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated Temperatures -- Stresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals—Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe—Ni—Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
    Abstract: This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are selected in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en­ vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non­ aqueous liquids.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated TemperaturesStresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals-Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9781475713701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 428 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Tire Traction a Many Faceted Problem -- Introductory Remarks -- Tire Wet Traction: Operational Severity and Its Influence on Performance -- Tire Hydroplaning: Testing, Analysis, and Design -- Tire Traction on Dry, Uncontaminated Surfaces -- Tire Traction on Snow-Covered Pavements -- Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction -- Introductory Remarks -- The Speed and Temperature Dependence of Rubber Friction and Its Bearing on the Skid Resistance of Tires -- Elementary Effects in the Contact Area of Sliding Rubber -- Lubrication Studies of Smooth Rubber Contacts -- An Analysis of Some Factors that Influence Wet Skid Resistance -- Panel Discussion “Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Tire -- Introductory Remarks -- Tread Compound Effects in Tire Traction -- The Role of the Tread Pattern — A Blend of the Simple and Complex -- Some Recent Investigations into Dynamics and Frictional Behavior of Pneumatic Tires -- A Tyre Engineer Looks Critically at Current Traction Physics -- Panel Discussion “Tire Traction — The Role of the Tire” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Pavement -- Introductory Remarks -- The Relation Between the Stress Saturation of Sliding Rubber and the Load Dependence of Road Tyre Friction -- Pavement Surface Texture Classification and Skid Resistance Photo-Interpretation -- An Approach Towards the Understanding and Design of the Pavement’s Textural Characteristics Required for Optimum Performance of the Tyre -- Panel Discussion Tire Traction — The Role of the Pavement -- An Analysis of the Literature on Tire-Road Skid Resistance -- The Physics of Tire Traction: A Review of Current Theory.
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  • 93
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468421064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning -- Fundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    Abstract: This book contains the Proceedings of the S~cond U. S. -Japan Seminar on Learning Control and Intelligent Control. The seminar, held at Gainesville, Florida, from October 22 to 26, 1973, was sponsored by the U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program, jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The full texts of the twenty-one presented papers are included. The papers cover a variety of topics related to learning control and intelligent control, ranging from pattern recognition to system identification, from learning control to intelligent robots. During the past decade, there has been a considerable increase of interest in problems of machine learning, systems which exhibit learning behavior. In designing a system, if the a priori infor­ mation required is unknown or incompletely known, one approach is to design a system which is capable of learning the unknown infor­ mation during its operation. The learned information will then be used to improve the system's performance. This approach has been used in the design of pattern recognition systems, automatic control systems and system identification algorithms. If we naturally extend our goal to the design of systems which will behave more and more intelligently, learning systems research is only a preliminary step towards a general concept of integrated intelligent systems. One example of this class of systems is the intelligent robot, which integrates pattern recognition. learning and problem-solving into one intelligent system.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate ReasoningFundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9781461344872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane Potential -- Changes in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
    Abstract: The Russian edition of this book appeared in 1969 and im­ mediately gained widespread recognition as a reference work for research workers interested in the physiology, biophysics, and pharmacology of excitable tissues. There are several reasons for the book's success. It deals with a key problem in biology which has recently been the subject of very intensive study and it is of great interest to a wide scientific audience. Not only the fundamentals of the modern membrane theory of biopotentials, but also the vast factual material collected in the last decades by the study of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the ionic permeability pores of the cell membrane, are described in the book in an authoritative yet readable form. Special attention is paid in the book to the systematic analysis of the consequences of the Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical theory of the nervous impulse for the problem of excitability. The relationship between the various parameters of excitability (threshold potential, threshold current, useful time), accommodation, and the action potential on the one hand, and the constants of ionic permeability of the nerve fiber membrane, on the other hand, is subjected to detailed examination in this context. To do this, the author has made extensive use not only of experimental results obtained on isolated fibers (especially single nodes of Ran­ vier), but also the results of his own investigations on mathematical models of excitable membranes.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane PotentialChanges in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
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  • 95
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489933744
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 571.6
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Cytology
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  • 96
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468426670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Genetic Disorders of Mucopolysaccharide MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Classification of the Disorders -- III. Genetics -- IV. Chemical Pathology -- V. Chemistry of the Sulfated Mucopolysaccharides -- VI. The Biochemical Defect -- VII. Some Practical Applications of Recent Biochemical Findings -- VIII. Summary -- Note Added in Proof -- References -- 2 Galactosemia: Biochemistry, Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Developmental Aspects -- I. Introduction -- II. Galactose Metabolism -- III. Hereditary Enzymatic Deficiencies in Galactose Metabolism -- IV. The Pathophysiology of Galactosemia -- V. Treatment -- References -- 3 Cytogenetic Aspects of Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Incidence of Human Chromosome Anomalies -- III. Syndromes Related to Autosomal Abnormalities -- IV. Syndromes Related to Sex Chromosome Abnormalities -- V. Syndromes Related to Chromosome Breakages -- VI. Detection of Individuals with Abnormal Chromosomes -- VII. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Abnormalities -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Systemic Disorders of Glucose Metabolism -- III. Newer Concepts of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Vivo -- IV. Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain -- References -- 5 Effects of Viral Infections on the Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods -- III. Pathways of Viral Spread -- IV. Cellular Response to Viral Infection -- V. Biochemical Changes -- VI. Immunological Reactions -- VII. Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases of the Brain -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- 6 Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain Extracellular Fluid -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomical Considerations -- III. Pathophysiological Aspects of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- IV. Pathophysiological Aspects of Brain Extracellular Fluid -- References -- 7 Disorders of Nucleic Acid Metabolism -- I. Disorders of Purine Metabolism -- II. Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism -- References -- 8 Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Development -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations Involved in Cellular Growth -- III. Normal Cellular Growth of the Brain -- IV. Nutritional Effects on Cellular Growth of the Brain -- V. Prenatal Malnutrition -- VI. Summary -- References -- 9 Pathophysiology of Anoxic Brain Damage -- I. Introduction -- II. Normal Oxidative Metabolism in the Brain -- III. Work Performed by the CNS Cells -- IV. Supply of Oxygen to the Brain Cells -- V. Supply and Metabolism of Substrates -- VI. Energy Flow and Energy State -- VII. Measurements of Energy States and Metabolite Levels -- VIII. Types of Cerebral Hypoxia and Anoxia -- IX. Cerebral Changes in Anoxia and Hypoxia -- X. Cerebral Changes in Ischemia -- XI. Factors Modifying the Response to Anoxia -- References -- 10 Effects of Deficiencies of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Central Nervous System Function and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Biochemical Roles of Coenzyme Forms of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 -- III. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Folic Acid Deficiency -- IV. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency -- References.
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  • 97
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    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 571.64
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Cell membranes
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  • 98
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    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468426700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Disorders of Sphingolipid MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Chemistry, Metabolism, and Distribution of Sphingolipids -- III. Individual Sphingolipidoses -- IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for Study of the Cerebral Circulation -- III. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation -- IV. Dysfunction of Regulatory Mechanisms -- V. Intravascular Phenomena -- VI. Secondary Effects of Disturbed Regulation -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Effects of Narcotic Analgesics on Brain function -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Effects of Narcotic Analgesics -- III. Metabolism of Narcotic Analgesics in the Nervous System -- IV. Biochemical Responses to Narcotics -- V. Electroencephalography -- VI. Theories on the Mechanism of Addiction to Narcotics -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 4 Genetic Disorders of Brain Development: Animal Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Chromosomal Organization in Eukaryotes -- III. Development of the CNS -- IV. Genetic Disorders of Brain Development -- V. Prevention of Brain Dysfunction -- References -- 5 Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Background -- III. Identification of Specific Encephalitogenic Components of CNS Tissue -- IV. Pathogenesis of EAE -- V. Possible Relationship of EAE to Human Demyelinative Disorders -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Disorders of Fatty Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Fatty Acids in Normal Brain and Nerve -- III. Phytanic Acid Storage Disease (Refsum’s Disease) -- IV. Disorders with Storage of Ceroid -- V. Other Storage Disorders -- VI. Demyelination of Known Etiology -- VII. Multiple Sclerosis -- VIII. Other Human Disorders -- IX. Animal Disorders -- X. Criteria for Establishing Primary Disorders of Cerebral Fatty Acid Metabolism -- References -- 7 Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- I. Introduction and Historical Perspective -- II. Chemistry and Metabolism of Bilirubin with Special Note of Variations Seen in the Newborn Period -- III. Protein Binding of Bilirubin -- IV. Problems Hampering Research -- V. Pathological Lesion of Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- VI. Extraneural Pathological Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VII. Metabolic Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VIII. Why Is Brain Damage the Main Pathological Phenomenon Induced by Bilirubin? -- References -- 8 The Action of Thyroid Hormones and Their Influence on Brain Development and function -- I. Introduction -- II. General Role of Thyroid Hormones in the Structural and Functional Maturation of the Nervous System -- III. Biochemical and Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Nervous Tissues -- References -- 9 Biology of the Striatum -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of the Striatum in Motility -- III. Role of the Striatum in Mental Function -- IV. Role of the Striatum in Autonomic Functions -- V. Conclusions -- References -- 10 Pathophysiology of Central Nervous System Regulation of Anterior Pituitary function -- I. Introduction -- II. Concept of Endocrine Regulation Via Releasing Hormones of Neural Origin -- III. Factors Involved in the Periodic Release of Pituitary Hormones -- IV. Effect of Neonatal Hormonal Milieu on Neuroendocrine Control Mechanisms -- V. Clinical Correlates -- References -- of Volume 1 -- Articles Planned for Future Volumes.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9781468420524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and Behavior -- Neural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    Abstract: The contents of this book are the presentations of a Symposium on "Memory and Transfer of Information", held at Gottingen, May 24-26, 1972 . One of the main reasons for organizing this Symposium was to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion between sci­ entists working in the field as a whole. Most of the pre­ vious meetings dealing with memory and transfer of infor­ mation have tended to be rather limited in scope. The pres­ ent Symposium covered a wide range of topics, including neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, neurochemical, behavioral and clinical aspects of learning and chemical transfer of information, presented by specialists in these areas. The Proceedings of the meeting present a large number of previously unpublished results, e.g., recent experiments in neurophysiology and neurochemistry, new approaches to chemical transfer of learned information, experiments using synthetic scotophobin and drugs influencing learning and behavior. The importance of interdisciplinary discussion is perhaps most clearly emphasized by the advances in neuro­ chemical micromethods which are of particular interest to scientists working on the chemical transfer of information. Only such interdisciplinary collaboration between highly specialized scientists guarantees further progress and deeper insight into the complex, and until now little under­ stood, mechanisms of that most intricate of organs, the brain. Hans Peter ZIPPEL vii CONTRIBUTORS BRADLEY, P.B. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Birmingham B1S 2TJ, England BYRNE, W. L. ~'; Department of Biochemistry. University of Tennessee. College of Basic Medical Sciences. Memphis. Tennessee 38103. U.S.A. CREUTZFELDT, O.D.
    Description / Table of Contents: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and BehaviorNeural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9781468485004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Abstracts -- Permuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    Abstract: This volume follows and updates AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DIVING AND SUBMARINE MEDICINE published by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., in 1971. The time period covered is primarily the calendar years 1970 and 1971. Also included, however, is much material from the calendar years 1968 and 1969 not in the previous publication. A brief analysis of the sources of material precedes the citations and abstracts, which comprise the main section of the volume. The bibliography is followed by a permuted subject index and an author index. Also included, following the indexes, is a micro thesaurus. Although no attempt has been made to do a critical subject analysis, such an analysis could be accomplished through selecting a particular subject, looking up the appropriate key works in the rotated index, identifying the abstracts, analyzing them, obtaining complete copy as desired, and completing the critical review. David C. Weeks, Ph.D. Director, BSCP Washington, D.C.
    Description / Table of Contents: AbstractsPermuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
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