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  • Online Resource  (487)
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  • Online Resource  (487)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmful Tax Practices - 2018 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311480 , 9789264313453 , 9789264313712
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pratiques Fiscales Dommageables - Rapport d'étape de 2018 sur les régimes préférentiels : Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Harmful tax practices - 2018 progress report on preferential regimes
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Steuerharmonisierung ; Transparenz ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Steuerpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Transparenz
    Abstract: BEPS Action 5 is one of the four BEPS minimum standards which all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard relates to preferential tax regimes where a peer review is undertaken to identify features of such regimes that can facilitate base erosion and profit shifting, and therefore have the potential to unfairly impact the tax base of other jurisdictions. This progress report is an update to the 2015 BEPS Action 5 report and the 2017 Progress Report. It contains the results of review of all BEPS Inclusive Framework members’ preferential tax regimes that have been identified since the BEPS Project. The results are reported as at January 2019. In addition, the Inclusive Framework agreed on a new standard for substantial activities requirements for no or only nominal tax jurisdictions. This report includes the details of this new standard and the other work on additions to and revisions of the harmful tax practices framework. Finally it contains next steps for the work on harmful tax practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311480-en
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    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical profiling in public employment services : an international comparison (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 224
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsuche ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Profiling tools help to deliver employment services more efficiently. They can ensure that more costly, intensive services are targeted at jobseekers most at risk of becoming long term unemployed. Moreover, the detailed information on the employment barriers facing jobseekers obtained through the profiling process can be used to tailor services more closely to their individual needs. While other forms of profiling exist, the focus is on statistical profiling, which makes use of statistical models to predict jobseekers’ likelihood of becoming long-term unemployed. An overview on profiling tools currently used throughout the OECD is presented, considerations for the development of such tools, and some insights into the latest developments such as using “click data” on job searches and advanced machine learning techniques. Also discussed are the limitations of statistical profiling tools and options for policymakers on how to address those in the development and implementation of statistical profiling tools.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/b5e5f16e-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Greening Development Co-operation : Lessons from the OECD Development Assistance Committee (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264522206 , 9789264526587 , 9789264447288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greening development co-operation
    Keywords: OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Abstract: How can members of the DAC effectively tackle critical environmental challenges and threats – such as climate change, pollution, and loss of soil fertility and biodiversity – in activities supporting the 2030 Agenda in developing countries? Most already have environmental safeguards in place to screen out negative environmental practice, but they need far more robust policies, capacities and approaches for mainstreaming environment across all their development co-operation activities. This report examines five critical areas for mainstreaming: strong policy commitment and leadership; robust systems, processes and tools; capacity and continuous skill development; shared knowledge, learning and engagement; well-supported country systems. On that basis, the report suggests priority actions for the OECD-DAC, its Network on Environment and Development (ENVIRONET) and the wider development community.
    DOI: 10.1787/62cc4634-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applying the OECD Principles on Water Governance to Floods : A Checklist for Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5098392-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Innovation : Seizing Policy Opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674011
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital innovation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Digitalisierung ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik
    Abstract: This report discusses how the digital transformation – digital technologies, data and software, AI-based analytics and other advances – is changing innovation processes and outcomes. It highlights the general trends across the economy and factors behind sector-specific dynamics, including increasing use of data as a key input for innovation, the expanding possibilities for experimentation offered by virtual simulation, 3D printing and other digital technologies, and the growing focus on services innovation enabled by digital technologies. In view of such changes, this report evaluates how innovation policies should adapt to foster innovation and inclusive development in the digital age, and identifies priority areas for policy action. It also explores novel innovation policy approaches implemented by countries to foster digital technology adoption and collaborative innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a298dc87-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Joint Audit 2019 – Enhancing Tax Co-operation and Improving Tax Certainty : Forum on Tax Administration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264578630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joint Audit 2019
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Taxation ; OECD ; Finanzverwaltung ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
    Abstract: Improved dispute prevention and dispute resolution are key concerns for both business and tax administrations by creating incentives for low-risk behaviour among taxpayers and helping tax administrations to better match resources to tax risks. Joint Audits are an essential element in the Tax Certainty Agenda and allow tax administrations to operate efficiently and effectively in an increasingly global environment, co-operating ever more closely and frequently with each other to ensure compliance, tackle base erosion and profit shifting, and minimise the probability of costly and time-consuming disputes. The report sets out the most advanced form of audit-related tax co-operation, provides best practices and identifies possible areas of improvement and future work, not limited to the OECD Forum on Tax Administration.
    DOI: 10.1787/17bfa30d-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Negotiating Our Way Up : Collective Bargaining in a Changing World of Work (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264524538 , 9789264850866 , 9789264362574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Negotiating our way up
    Keywords: Tarifverhandlungen ; Tarifvertrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; OECD ; Tarifpolitik ; Tarifverhandlung ; Tarifvertrag
    Abstract: Collective bargaining and workers’ voice are often discussed in the past rather than in the future tense, but can they play a role in the context of a rapidly changing world of work? This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of collective bargaining systems and workers’ voice arrangements across OECD countries, and new insights on their effect on labour market performance today. The publication provides a detailed review of existing collective bargaining institutions and workers’ voice arrangements. It analyses the role of these institutions for employment, wages, labour market inclusiveness, as well as non-monetary aspects of job quality. The publication also discusses how collective bargaining can be mobilised to address emerging challenges in the labour market, and identifies the type of government intervention that may be required to do this. The report provides a resource for policy makers, trade unions and employers’ organisations interested in understanding how collective bargaining and workers' voice can be used to complement public regulation in shaping ever-changing labour markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/1fd2da34-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264699274 , 9789264982512 , 9789264150348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sous pression : la classe moyenne en perte de vitesse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Under pressure
    RVK:
    MS 1390
    Keywords: Mittelschicht ; Soziale Lage ; Haushaltseinkommen ; Ausgaben ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mittelstand ; Soziale Situation
    Abstract: Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation. In many OECD countries, middle incomes have grown less than the average and in some they have not grown at all. Technology has automated several middle-skilled jobs that used to be carried out by middle-class workers a few decades ago. The costs of some goods and services such as housing, which are essential for a middle-class lifestyle, have risen faster than earnings and overall inflation. Faced with this, middle classes have reduced their ability to save and in some cases have fallen into debt. This report sheds light on the multiple pressures on the middle class. It analyses the trends of middle-income households through dimensions such as labour occupation, consumption, wealth and debt, as well as perceptions and social attitudes. It also discusses policy initiatives to address the concerns raised by the middle class, by protecting middle-class living standards and financial security in the face of economic challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/689afed1-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Individual Learning Accounts : Panacea or Pandora's Box? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264332485 , 9789264497627 , 9789264842342
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten: Allheilmittel oder Büchse der Pandora?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Individual learning accounts
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment
    Abstract: A rise in non-standard work in many countries and an increased fragmentation of worker careers have created new challenges for training policies at a time when structural transformation is creating a need for both re- and up-skilling. Individual learning accounts have received renewed attention from policy makers, due to their ability to make training rights “portable” from one job or employment status to another. This report examines past and existing individual learning accounts and other individual schemes to finance training, based on a review of the existing literature as well as six new case studies commissioned by the OECD: The Upper Austrian Bildungskonto, the French Compte Personnel de Formation, the Scottish Individual Learning Accounts/Individual Training Accounts, the Singapore SkillsFuture Credit, the Tuscan Carta ILA, and the Individual Training Accounts in Michigan and Washington in the United States. The report takes stock of these experiences and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of such schemes, as well as the key trade-offs and questions to consider in designing a successful scheme, including targeting, funding, participation of under-represented groups and quality issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/203b21a8-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data : Reconciling Risks and Benefits for Data Re-use across Societies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264704626 , 9789264317208 , 9789264660656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing access to and sharing of data
    Keywords: Informationsmanagement ; Datenverarbeitung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines the opportunities of enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) in the context of the growing importance of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It discusses how EASD can maximise the social and economic value of data re-use and how the related risks and challenges can be addressed. It highlights the trade-offs, complementarities and possible unintended consequences of policy action – and inaction. It also provides examples of EASD approaches and policy initiatives in OECD countries and partner economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/276aaca8-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Digital Transformation : A Roadmap for the Future (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311992 , 9789264312043 , 9789264312050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital transformation
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311992-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Saudi Arabia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Saudi Arabia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Saudi-Arabien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Saudi Arabia ; Saudi-Arabien ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Saudi Arabia.
    DOI: 10.1787/322136b0-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, South Africa (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264944046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: South Africa (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Südafrika ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; South Africa ; Südafrika
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by South Africa.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f820b8e-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working Better with Age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264455269 , 9789264626348 , 9789264402195
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working better with age
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Ältere Arbeitnehmerin ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: People today are living longer than ever before, but what is a boon for individuals can be challenging for societies. If nothing is done to change existing work and retirement patterns, the number of older inactive people who will need to be supported by each worker could rise by around 40% between 2018 and 2050 on average in the OECD area. This would put a brake on rising living standards as well as enormous pressure on younger generations who will be financing social protection systems. Improving employment prospects of older workers will be crucial. At the same time, taking a life-course approach will be necessary to avoid accumulation of individual disadvantages over work careers that discourage or prevent work at an older age; What can countries do to help? How can they give older people better work incentives and opportunities? This report provides a synthesis of the main challenges and policy recommendations together with a set of international best practices to foster employability, labour demand and incentives to work at an older age.
    DOI: 10.1787/c4d4f66a-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Indonesia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Indonesia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indonesien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Indonesia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Besteuerungsverfahren
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deb42398-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reforming Public Procurement : Progress in Implementing the 2015 OECD Recommendation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264345355 , 9789264459212 , 9789264448582
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Réforme des marchés publics : Progrès de mise en œuvre de la Recommandation 2015 de l’OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reforming public procurement
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: This report presents progress made by OECD countries and other economies on their adherence to the 2015 Recommendation of the Council on Public Procurement. The Recommendation provides strategic guidance in addressing challenges encountered in public procurement and identifies good procurement practices in order to ensure a strategic and holistic use of public procurement. This report discusses the Recommendation's continued relevance, how widely it has been disseminated, and whether it requires updating or revision.
    DOI: 10.1787/1de41738-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    University-Industry Collaboration : New Evidence and Policy Options (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264778375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als University-industry collaboration
    Keywords: Forschungskooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; Forschungskooperation
    Abstract: This report discusses challenges and opportunities in assessing the impacts of science-industry knowledge exchange on innovation. The report provides new evidence on joint industry-science patenting activity and academic start-ups, as well as on the impact of geographical proximity between research institutions and industry on local innovation. The report explores the complex set of knowledge-transfer channels, such as collaborative research, co-patenting, academic spinoffs, and their relative importance across science fields and industry sectors. It also experiments with using labour force survey data to assess the contributions of graduates in social sciences to different industries. Different policy mixes are used in OECD countries to stimulate science-industry knowledge transfer. This report presents a taxonomy of 21 policy instruments, which include grants for collaborative university-industry research and financial support to university spin-offs, and discusses their possible positive and negative interactions. Based on a number of country case studies, the report also sheds light on new policy approaches to support spin-off creation. The report also explores recent trends on the governance of public research of high relevance to science-industry knowledge transfer using newly developed policy indicators for 35 OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9c1e648-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responding to Rising Seas : OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312487-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Strategy 2019 : Skills to Shape a Better Future (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264313835 , 9789264613645 , 9789264546431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Stratégie 2019 de l'OCDE sur les compétences : Des compétences pour construire un avenir meilleur
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE 2019 : Competencias para construir un futuro mejor
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy 2019
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Skills Strategy provides a strategic and comprehensive approach for ensuring that people and countries have the skills to thrive in a complex, interconnected and rapidly changing world. The updated 2019 OECD Skills Strategy takes account of the lessons learned from applying the original skills strategy in 11 countries since 2012, while also incorporating new OECD evidence about the skills implications of megatrends, such as globalisation, digitalisation, population ageing, and migration. The Strategy also incorporates new learning from across the OECD about skills policies that work in these three broad components: developing relevant skills over the life course, using skills effectively in work and society, and strengthening the governance of skills systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264313835-en
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    Main Findings from the 2018 Risks that Matter Survey (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357518
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Wirtschaftliche Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD Risks that Matter survey finds that these worries are weighing on people’s minds across countries. Risks that Matter examines people’s perceptions of the social and economic risks they face and assesses how well people feel government reacts to their concerns. The survey polled a representative sample of 22 000 adults in 21 OECD countries in 2018. Across countries, people are largely dissatisfied with existing social programmes. A majority of respondents believe that government would not provide them with an adequate safety net if they lost their income due to job loss, illness or old age. More than half feel that they would not be able to access public benefits easily if they needed them. And, on average, nearly three-quarters of all respondents want government to do more to protect their social and economic security. This survey shows that listening to people matters. Implementation matters. OECD countries have some of the most advanced social protection systems in the world, but policies are not reaching their full potential if people do not feel they can access benefits and services when needed. Governments must recommit to restoring trust, confidence, and efficacy in social protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9266e48a-en
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  • 21
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    OECD Good Practices for Performance Budgeting (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996571 , 9789264505414 , 9789264773264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD good practices for performance budgeting
    Keywords: Performance Budgeting ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Output-orientierte Budgetierung
    Abstract: Performance budgeting is a budget practice that has been widely adopted by OECD countries. This report presents the OECD's advice on good practice principles and examples in the area of performance budgeting including an explanation of the evidence supporting the adoption and practice by OECD countries. The report is based on the results of OECD surveys of member countries, OECD country budget reviews, and exchanges of information between the OECD and government officials in the Senior Budget Officials Network on Performance and Results.
    DOI: 10.1787/c90b0305-en
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  • 22
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Hong Kong, China (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264466197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Hong Kong, China (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Hongkong ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Hong Kong, China ; Hongkong ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Steuer ; Konfliktregelung ; G-20-Staaten
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Hong Kong, China.
    DOI: 10.1787/46034be3-en
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    Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312012 , 9789264312029 , 9789264312036
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Going digital
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Digital technologies and data are transformational. People, firms and governments live, interact, work and produce differently than in the past, and these changes are accelerating rapidly. How can we realise the immense promises of digital technologies and data for growth and well-being in a fast evolving world? This report charts the road ahead. It identifies seven policy dimensions that allow governments – together with citizens, firms and stakeholders – to shape digital transformation to improve lives. It also highlights key opportunities, challenges and policies related to each dimension, offers new insights, evidence and analysis, and provides recommendations for better policies in the digital age.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312012-en
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    Recent Trends in International Migration of Doctors, Nurses and Medical Students (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264538528 , 9789264318656 , 9789264999848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recent trends in international migration of doctors, nurses and medical students
    Keywords: Gesundheitsberufe ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Studierende ; Internationale Migration ; OECD-Staaten ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Polen ; Rumänien ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Medizinisches Personal ; Internationale Migration
    Abstract: This report describes recent trends in the international migration of doctors and nurses in OECD countries. Over the past decade, the number of doctors and nurses has increased in many OECD countries, and foreign-born and foreign-trained doctors and nurses have contributed to a significant extent. New in-depth analysis of the internationalisation of medical education shows that in some countries (e.g. Israel, Norway, Sweden and the United States) a large and growing number of foreign-trained doctors are people born in these countries who obtained their first medical degree abroad before coming back. The report includes four case studies on the internationalisation of medical education in Europe (France, Ireland, Poland and Romania) as well as a case study on the integration of foreign-trained doctors in Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/5571ef48-en
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  • 25
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    Ready to Help? : Improving Resilience of Integration Systems for Refugees and other Vulnerable Migrants (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312685 , 9789264312692 , 9789264311312
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Prêts à aider ? : Améliorer la résilience des dispositifs d’intégration pour les réfugiés et les autres immigrés vulnérables
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ready to help?
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Migranten ; Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report looks at ways to improve the resilience of systems to deal with the unexpected arrival of large inflows of refugees and other vulnerable migrants. It begins with an overview of the recent flows of migrants seeking protection, discusses the expected economic impact of these flows, and notes what has been an unprecedented multilateral response. It then examines the process of integrating refugees and other vulnerable migrants, in terms of their economic and social outcomes, as well as specific factors of vulnerability. It also provides a comprehensive assessment of the transition policies in place to support their livelihood in destination and transit countries, as well as in origin countries upon return. Finally, the report tackles issues of anticipation, monitoring and reacting, examining the role of early warning mechanisms and the challenge of improving information so as to better monitor integration outcomes and frame policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311312-en
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    Changing the Odds for Vulnerable Children : Building Opportunities and Resilience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264950023 , 9789264952171 , 9789264914117
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Changing the odds for vulnerable children
    Keywords: Jugendpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Child vulnerability is the outcome of a range of complex factors that compound over time. Across the OECD, millions of children from diverse backgrounds face daily hardships ranging from poor housing and inadequate diets to maltreatment and unsafe neighbourhoods. Vulnerability locks disadvantaged children into disadvantaged adulthood, putting the brakes on social mobility. Investing in vulnerable children is not only an investment in disadvantaged individuals, families and communities, it is an investment in more resilient societies and inclusive economies. This report analyses the individual and environmental factors that contribute to child vulnerability. It calls on OECD countries to develop and implement cross-cutting well-being strategies that focus on empowering vulnerable families; strengthening children’s emotional and social skills; strengthening child protection; improving children’s health and educational outcomes; and reducing child poverty and material deprivation. Such policies reduce the barriers to healthy child development and well-being and increase opportunities and resources, thereby helping vulnerable children build resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2e8796c-en
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    Good Practice for Good Jobs in Early Childhood Education and Care (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264948716 , 9789264800380 , 9789264941083
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gute Strategien für gute Berufe in der frühen Bildung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good practice for good jobs in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Sozialberufe ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Sozialberuf ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: Recruiting and retaining skilled staff is a long-standing challenge for the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector. OECD countries are increasingly demanding that ECEC staff be highly skilled and highly qualified, but a combination of low wages, a lack of status and public recognition, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for professional development mean that recruitment and retention are frequently difficult. What can countries do to build a highly qualified and well-trained ECEC workforce? What is the best route to increasing staff skills without exacerbating staff shortages? How can countries boost pay and working conditions in the context of limited resources? Building on past OECD work on early childhood education and care, and drawing on the experience of OECD countries, this report outlines good practice policy measures for improving jobs in ECEC and for constructing a high-quality workforce.
    DOI: 10.1787/64562be6-en
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    Unpacking E-commerce : Business Models, Trends and Policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264784185 , 9789264689626 , 9789264963399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unpacking e-commerce
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Geschäftsmodell ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Electronic Shopping ; Online-Shop ; Geschäftsmodell
    Abstract: As digital transformation has accelerated, the e-commerce landscape has become increasingly dynamic. New players have emerged at the same time that established actors have taken on new roles; some barriers to e-commerce at the firm, individual and country levels have been overcome, while other barriers have emerged. Innovative business models have transformed buyer-seller relationships and pushed out the frontier of what is possible to buy and sell online. This report analyses new and emerging e-commerce business models, examines e-commerce trends along a range of dimensions, and offers new insights on the policies needed to exploit the opportunities and mitigate the challenges of unlocking the potential of e-commerce for all.
    DOI: 10.1787/23561431-en
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    How's Life in the Digital Age? : Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transformation for People's Well-being (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311800 , 9789264313330 , 9789264313323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the digital age?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and governance, Social connections, Environmental quality, Personal security, and Subjective well-being). A summary of existing studies highlights 39 key impacts of the digital transformation on people’s well-being. The review shows that these impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking. In sum, making digitalisation work for people’s well-being would require building equal digital opportunities, widespread digital literacy and strong digital security. Continued research and efforts in improving statistical frameworks will be needed to expand our knowledge on the many topics covered in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311800-en
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    Fast Forward to Gender Equality : Mainstreaming, Implementation and Leadership (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264313019
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ジェンダー平等の加速: 主流化、実施、リーダーシップ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fast forward to gender equality
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Gleichstellungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report maps strategies, governance tools, institutional settings and innovative approaches used by governments across the OECD to drive and support society-wide gender equality goals. It covers all state institutions, including legislatures and judiciaries, and discusses the challenges faced by OECD countries in achieving long-lasting impact. Finally, the report provides policy guidance for state institutions, supported by examples of what works across the OECD. This report establishes a baseline for monitoring progress, based on the 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9faa5-en
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    The Sharing and Gig Economy: Effective Taxation of Platform Sellers : Forum on Tax Administration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264874442 , 9789264357228 , 9789264814370
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The sharing and gig economy
    Keywords: Digitale Plattform ; Share Economy ; Selbstständige ; Steuer ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Taxation ; OECD ; Besteuerungsverfahren
    Abstract: This report looks at approaches to help ensure the effective taxation of those earning income from the sale of goods or services in the sharing and gig economy. It considers the different ways that tax administrations can best engage with platform sellers, sharing and gig economy platforms, and each other to enable more effective tax compliance. The report is divided into four chapters. The first chapter sets out the background to the sharing and gig economy and the role of online platforms. The second chapter provides some examples of current approaches that are being taken by OECD Forum on Tax Administration members that participated in this work. Chapter three sets out a range of options that tax administrations may wish to consider to help enable compliance in this sector. Finally, chapter four sets out three recommendations and considerations for possible further work: joint work between tax administrations and platforms on providing information and support to platform sellers; improving the evidence base to enhance understanding of the tax at risk in relation to platforms; and assisting in the possible development of a legislative model for standardised reporting by sharing and gig economy platforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/574b61f8-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Chile (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264810389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Chile (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Chile ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Chile ; Chile ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/43add6b6-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Russian Federation (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264625556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Russian Federation (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Russland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Russian Federation.
    DOI: 10.1787/4599c8b2-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Brazil (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264881358
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Brazil (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Brasilien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Brazil.
    DOI: 10.1787/12acb5ea-en
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    Waste Management and the Circular Economy in Selected OECD Countries : Evidence from Environmental Performance Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264702912 , 9789264840584 , 9789264309395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waste management and the circular economy in selected OECD countries
    Keywords: Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling
    Abstract: This report provides a cross-country review of waste, materials management and circular economy policies in selected OECD countries, drawing on OECD’s Environmental Performance Reviews during the period 2010-17. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges, and provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of waste, materials management and circular economy policy frameworks. As the selected reviews were published over a seven-year period, information for some countries may be more recent than for others. Nevertheless, the policy recommendations emerging from the reviews may provide useful lessons for other OECD countries and partner economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309395-en
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  • 36
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    Health for Everyone? : Social Inequalities in Health and Health Systems (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674462 , 9789264939790 , 9789264426979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health for everyone?
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitswesen ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Europäische Union ; OECD ; Gesundheitswesen ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Good health is a key component of people’s well-being. It is a value in itself but – through its influence on social, education and labour market outcomes – being in good or bad health has also wider implications on people’s chances of leading a fulfilling and productive life. Yet, even in the OECD countries, health inequality persists with severe consequences on the goal of promoting inclusive growth. This report documents a comprehensive range of inequalities in health and health systems to the detriment of disadvantaged population groups in a large set of OECD and EU countries. It assesses the gaps in health outcomes and risk factors between different socio-economic groups. When it comes to health systems, the report measures inequalities in health care utilisation, unmet needs and the affordability of health care services. For each of these different domains, the report identifies groups of countries that display higher, intermediate, and low levels of inequality. The report makes a strong case for addressing health-related inequalities as a key component of a policy strategy to promote inclusive growth and reduce social inequalities. It also provides a framework for more in-depth analyses on how to address these inequalities at country level.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c8385d0-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Argentina (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264452329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Argentina (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Argentinien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Argentinien ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Argentina.
    DOI: 10.1787/4fed4933-en
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  • 38
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    Fiscal Resilience to Natural Disasters : Lessons from Country Experiences (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264969445 , 9789264412309 , 9789264394407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiscal resilience to natural disasters
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Soziale Kosten ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Natural disasters continue to cause widespread damage and losses, with fast growing economies particularly exposed. Governments often shoulder a significant share of the costs of disaster recovery and reconstruction. This is true in OECD countries and even more so in developing economies, where private insurance markets are not as well developed. The fiscal impact of disasters on a government’s budget can be sizeable. Expenditures for the government arise from both explicit and implicit commitments to compensate for disaster losses. This report presents the results of a study that compares country practices in the management of the financial implications of disasters on government finances for a set of OECD member and partner countries particularly exposed to natural hazards.
    DOI: 10.1787/27a4198a-en
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  • 39
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    Budgeting and Public Expenditures in OECD Countries 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Budgeting and public expenditures in OECD countries 2019
    Keywords: Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Haushaltsplanung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Haushalt
    Abstract: This report provides a comprehensive view of practices and developments in the governance, implementation and performance of budgeting across OECD countries. It looks at recent practices such as the application of medium-term frameworks and the use of data and analytics to highlight the impacts of policies on concerns such as gender equality and the environment. Reflecting countries’ efforts to strengthen the institutions supporting ficsal policy, the report also discusses trends in Parliamentary oversight, citizen participation, transparency, infrastructure governance and the management of fiscal risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307957-en
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  • 40
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    Governance as an SDG Accelerator : Country Experiences and Tools (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264612938 , 9789264503120 , 9789264969384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Governance as an SDG accelerator
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Governance-Ansatz ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; OECD ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Governance
    Abstract: Delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a formidable governance challenge for countries at all levels of development. It requires governments to co-ordinate, consult and work across policy areas – as well as with the businesses sector and civil society – in an unprecedented way. This report provides evidence from OECD countries and partner economies on how public governance practices can be strengthened to help implement the SDGs. It looks at whole-of-government co-ordination, policy coherence and integrity, stakeholder engagement and open government, and the strategic use of budgeting, procurement and regulatory tools. It discusses robust monitoring and evaluation systems for ensuring that public policies and resource allocations for SDG implementation result in meaningful outcomes. It also explores how governance frameworks to support equal access to justice and gender equality can help catalyse implementation across the entire 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/0666b085-en
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  • 41
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    Addressing Problematic Opioid Use in OECD Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264934207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Addressing problematic opioid use in OECD countries
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Arzneimittel ; Drogenkonsum
    Abstract: Over the past few years, Canada and the United States have been experiencing an opioid crisis as a result of problematic opioid use fueled by the emergence of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil. Problematic opioid use is also spreading in other OECD countries, due to the upward trend of prescription opioid use and the complexities of the illegal drug supply. This report presents evidence on the magnitude of problematic opioid use across OECD countries, describes the main drivers, and identifies a set of policy actions to address them. The report highlights the opioid crisis as a complex public health issue that requires a comprehensive approach across all sectors, including health, social services, and law enforcement. Strong health information systems are also needed, particularly data and research. Preventing problematic opioid use requires a combination of policies that ensure more information is provided to patients and health care practitioners, while providing access to appropriate pain management treatment for patients. A public health approach to problematic opioid use must incorporate socio-economic considerations (e.g. employment and housing), which also need to be addressed to prevent problematic substance use in general.
    DOI: 10.1787/a18286f0-en
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  • 42
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Turkey (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Turkey (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Türkei ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Turkey ; OECD ; Türkei ; G-20-Staaten ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Internationales Einkommensteuerrecht ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Turkey.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310087-en
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  • 43
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, China (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264772984
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: China (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; China ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; China, People’s Republic ; Hongkong ; Steuer ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Konfliktregelung ; G-20-Staaten
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the People's Republic of China.
    DOI: 10.1787/85e69082-en
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  • 44
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    Trends and Drivers of Agri-environmental Performance in OECD Countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264770065 , 9789264869721 , 9789264319837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trends and drivers of agri-environmental performance in OECD countries
    Keywords: Umweltbelastung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/b59b1142-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/trends-and-drivers-of-agri-environmental-performance-in-oecd-countries_b59b1142-en
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  • 45
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    Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264641297 , 9789264563414 , 9789264887855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital opportunities for better agricultural policies
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Landwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Recent digital innovations provide opportunities to deliver better policies for the agriculture sector by helping to overcome information gaps and asymmetries, lower policy-related transaction costs, and enable people with different preferences and incentives to work better together. Drawing on ten illustrative case studies and unique new data gathered via an OECD questionnaire on agri-environmental policy organisations' experiences with digital tools, this report explores opportunities to improve current agricultural and agri-environmental policies, and to deliver new, digitally enabled and information-rich policy approaches. It also considers challenges that organisations may face to make greater use of digital tools for policy, as well as new risks which increased use of digital tools may bring. The report provides practical advice on how policy makers can address challenges and mitigate risks to ensure digital opportunities for policy are realised in practice. Finally, the report briefly considers the broader regulatory and policy environment underpinning digitalisation of the agriculture sector, with the view to ensuring that use of digital tools for agricultural and agri-environmental policy remains coherent with the digitalisation of agriculture more generally.
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/571a0812-en
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  • 46
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    A Policy Maker's Guide to Privatisation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264892798 , 9789264402782 , 9789264414969
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A policy maker's guide to privatisation
    Keywords: Privatisierung ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Privatisierung
    Abstract: Policy makers and privatisation experts agree that it is critical to “get privatisation right.” A well-planned and executed transaction, backed by sound rationales, institutional and regulatory arrangements, good governance, and integrity can have consequences on future divestment activity by enhancing investor confidence while gaining the support of stakeholders and the public. Drawing on the internationally agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises and decades’ worth of national experience across both OECD and Partner economies, this Policy Maker’s Guide to Privatisation provides practical advice to newcomers on key stages of the process from inception to post-privatisation. With global privatisation activity trending upwards and expected to rise, this Guide can support policy makers in their decision making process in the years to come.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea4eff68-en
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  • 47
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    Encouraging policy change for sustainable and resilient fisheries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 127
    Keywords: 2005 - 2016 ; Fischereipolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How can policy makers successfully implement the policy changes needed to achieve greater economic, social, and environmental sustainability and resilience? This report combines lessons from the available literature, discussions with experts and stakeholders, as well as information on past policy change processes. Results suggest that, over the last decade, changes to fisheries policy have largely been triggered by the performance of the sector itself and how it is perceived, particularly with respect to resource management and to socio-economic outcomes. Other important factors stand out, in particular initiatives by people in charge of fisheries management and legal commitments to adopt changes. Macroeconomic and macro-political factors, however, appear to have had less impact on fisheries policy than on other policy domains. Key recommendations are proposed to facilitate policy change in the future through better use of data, commitment mechanisms, non-sectoral policies, and consultation processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/31f15060-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 48
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Bulgaria (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Bulgaria (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bulgarien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Bulgaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/30ffa4a6-en
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  • 49
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Lithuania (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790841
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Lithuania (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Litauen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/b9018c2d-en
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  • 50
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    SIGI 2019 Global Report : Transforming Challenges into Opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264832701 , 9789264434738 , 9789264108905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) has consistently shown that governments need to look at discriminatory laws, social norms and practices to achieve gender equality and promote women’s empowerment. This 2019 global report provides an overview of the main outcomes of the SIGI in relation to women and the family, their physical integrity, access to productive and financial resources and their civic rights. Building on these outcomes, this report provides a set of policy recommendations to enhance governments’ efforts to deliver their gender-equality commitments through a three-pronged approach: starting with legal reforms and transformative gender policies, enforcing laws through community mobilisation and empowerment, and learning about the efficiency of policy through monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc56d212-en
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  • 51
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    The Survey of Adult Skills : Reader’s Companion, Third Edition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264523531 , 9789264385139 , 9789264562165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Erwachsener ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: This edition of the Reader’s Companion accompanies Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills that reports the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 3 rounds of data collection in the first cycle of PIAAC, with a particular focus on the 6 countries that participated in the third round of the study (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). It describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/f70238c7-en
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  • 52
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    The Road to Integration : Education and Migration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264569775 , 9789264984820 , 9789264499188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The road to integration
    RVK:
    DS 7400
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Migration has been at the centre of policy debates across the OECD in recent years. This synthesis report identifies eight pillars of policy-making that the Strength through Diversity project has revealed to be crucial if education systems to effectively support newcomers. For each pillar, the report details a set of principles driving the design and implementation of system-level policies and school-level practices. The eight pillars are: 1. consider the heterogeneity of immigrant populations, 2. develop approaches to promote the overall well-being of immigrants, 3. address the unique needs of refugee students, 4. ensure that motivation translates into a key asset for immigrant communities, 5. organise resources to reduce the influence of socio-economic status on the outcomes of immigrants, 6. provide comprehensive language support, 7. build the capacity of teachers to deal with diversity, and 8. break down barriers to social cohesion while ensuring effective service delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8ceec5d-en
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  • 53
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    Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the impact of online sales (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 142
    Keywords: Produkthaftung ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Extended producer responsibility or product stewardship is a policy approach that aims to increase waste recovery and recycling. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems aim to make producers responsible for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product chain, from design to the end-of-life phase. This report focuses on free-riding of producers or retailers, which the fast expansion of online sales in recent years has been exacerbating. Online sales are creating new free-riding opportunities as consumers are able to buy more easily from sellers in other countries. These sellers often have no physical, legal entity in the country where the consumer resides, and are not registered with national or local EPR schemes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/cde28569-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 54
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    Strengthening SMEs and Entrepreneurship for Productivity and Inclusive Growth : OECD 2018 Ministerial Conference on SMEs (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790476 , 9789264865747 , 9789264638860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Ministerial Conference on SMEs (3. : 2018 : Mexiko, Stadt) Strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurship for productivity and inclusive growth
    Keywords: KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Gründungsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2018 ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandsförderung
    Abstract: SMEs that grow have a considerable positive impact on employment creation, innovation, productivity growth and competitiveness. Digital technologies and global value chains offer new opportunities for SMEs to participate in the global economy, innovate and strengthen productivity. Yet SMEs are lagging behind in the digital transition and are disproportionately affected by market failures, trade barriers, policy inefficiencies and the quality of institutions. A cross-cutting approach to SME policy can enhance SME innovation and scale-up, as well as their contributions to inclusive growth. This includes a business environment conducive to risk-taking and experimentation by entrepreneurs, as well as access to entrepreneurship competencies, management and workforce skills, technology, innovation, and networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/c19b6f97-en
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  • 55
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Latvia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264717466
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Latvia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Lettland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Latvia
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Latvia.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0de32d9-en
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  • 56
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    Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264686472 , 9789264824133 , 9789264826281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (644 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Benchmarking higher education system performance
    RVK:
    AL 50000
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Benchmarking ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Höheres Bildungswesen ; Benchmarking ; Vergleich
    Abstract: The scope of contemporary higher education is wide, and concerns about the performance of higher education systems are widespread. The number of young people with a higher education qualification is expected to surpass 300 million in OECD and G20 countries by 2030. Higher education systems are faced with challenges that include expanding access, containing costs, and ensuring the quality and relevance of provision. The project on benchmarking higher education system performance provides a comprehensive and empirically rich review of the higher education landscape across OECD countries, taking stock of how well they are performing in meeting their education, research and engagement responsibilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/be5514d7-en
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    Providing Quality Early Childhood Education and Care : Results from the Starting Strong Survey 2018 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264515017 , 9789264797352 , 9789264652408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Providing quality early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Qualität ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: For most children, early childhood education and care (ECEC) provides the first experience of life in a group away from their families. This experience plays a crucial role in children’s learning, development and well-being. The benefits of high-quality ECEC are not restricted to children’s first years of life. However, little is known about this first experience. What do children learn and do in ECEC settings? With which staff do children interact at their centres? Do all children face the same opportunities to enrol in high-quality settings? What are the main spending priorities to raise the quality of ECEC? These are key questions for parents, staff and policy makers. The OECD Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS Starting Strong) is the first international survey that focuses on the ECEC workforce. It offers an opportunity to learn about the characteristics of the workforce, the practices they use with children, their beliefs about children’s development and their views on the profession and on the sector. This first volume of findings, Providing Quality Early Childhood Education and Care, examines multiple factors that can affect the quality of ECEC and thereby can influence children’s learning, development and well-being.
    DOI: 10.1787/301005d1-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Iceland (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Iceland (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Island ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Iceland ; Bericht ; OECD ; Island ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Island ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Iceland.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309968-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Slovak Republic (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Slovak Republic (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Slowakei ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Slovak Republic ; OECD ; Slowakei ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Slovak Republic.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309890-en
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  • 60
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Romania (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Romania (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Rumänien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Romania ; Rumänien ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Romania.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309883-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Greece (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310001
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Greece (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Griechenland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Greece.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310001-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Hungary (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309982
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Hungary (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Ungarn ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Hungary ; Bericht ; OECD ; Ungarn ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Ungarn ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Hungary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309982-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Slovenia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309944
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Slovenia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Slowenien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Slovenia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309944-en
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    The environmental and welfare implications of parking policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 145
    Keywords: Parken ; Preismanagement ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Verkehrspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Parking policies have significant environmental and economic implications, which have often been left unconsidered. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a deeper understanding of the main environmental and economic consequences of common parking policies, and suggest policy options to protect the environment and increase social welfare.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/16d610cc-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Digital dividend : policies to harness the productivity potential of digital technologies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 26 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Technologiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Qualifikation ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a range of policies to enhance adoption of digital technologies and firm productivity. It quantifies illustratively the effect of policy changes by combining the results of two recent OECD analyses on the drivers of adoption and their productivity benefits. Increasing access to high-speed internet, upgrading technical and managerial skills and implementing product and labour market reforms to facilitate the reallocation of resources in the economy are found to be the main factors supporting the efficient adoption of a selection of digital technologies. The most productive firms have benefitted relatively more from digitalisation in the past, contributing to a widening productivity gap with less productive firms. Policies should create the conditions for efficient adoption by less productive firms, which would help them to catch up, achieving a double dividend in terms of growth and inclusiveness. Enhancing skills has a key role to play in this area since less productive firms suffer relatively more from skill shortages.
    DOI: 10.1787/273176bc-en
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    Navigating pathways to reform water policies in agriculture (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 128
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserpreis ; Subvention ; Bewässerung ; Grundwasser ; Gewässerbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.
    DOI: 10.1787/906cea2b-en
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    The heavy burden of obesity : the economics of prevention (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD | Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264484580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: Launch version
    Series Statement: OECD health policy studies
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The heavy burden of obesity
    Keywords: Körpergewicht ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; OECD ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Körpergewicht ; Fettsucht ; Übergewicht
    Abstract: Almost one in four people in OECD countries is currently obese. This epidemic has far-reaching consequences for individuals, society and the economy. Using microsimulation modelling, this book analyses the burden of obesity and overweight in 52 countries (including OECD, European Union and G20 countries), showing how overweight reduces life expectancy, increases healthcare costs, decreases workers' productivity and lowers GDP. The report makes the urgent economic case to scale up investments in policies to promote healthy lifestyles and tackle this growing global public health problem. The book evaluates a number of policies which could significantly improve health outcomes while being an excellent investment for countries.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 243-252
    DOI: 10.1787/67450d67-en
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    Educating 21st century children : emotional well-being in the digital age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264959941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Educating 21st century children
    Keywords: Kinder ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: What is the nature of childhood today? On a number of measures, modern children’s lives have clearly improved thanks to better public safety and support for their physical and mental health. New technologies help children to learn, socialise and unwind, and older, better-educated parents are increasingly playing an active role in their children's education. At the same time, we are more connected than ever before, and many children have access to tablets and smartphones before they learn to walk and talk. Twenty-first century children are more likely to be only children, increasingly pushed to do more by “helicopter parents” who hover over their children to protect them from potential harm. In addition to limitless online opportunities, the omnipresent nature of the digital world brings new risks, like cyber-bullying, that follow children from the schoolyard into their homes. This report examines modern childhood, looking specifically at the intersection between emotional well-being and new technologies. It explores how parenting and friendships have changed in the digital age. It examines children as digital citizens, and how best to take advantage of online opportunities while minimising the risks. The volume ends with a look at how to foster digital literacy and resilience, highlighting the role of partnerships, policy and protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7f33425-en
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    Taxation and the future of work : how tax systems influence choice of employment form (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Additional Information: Anhang Milanez, Anna Annex - Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 41
    Keywords: Einkommensteuer ; Arbeitskräfte ; Selbstständige ; Arbeitsgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Recent policy discussion has highlighted the variety of ways in which the world of work is changing. One development prevalent in some countries has been an increase certain forms of non-standard work. Is this beneficial, representing increased flexibility in the workforce, or detrimental, representing a deterioration in job quality driven by automation, globalisation and the market power of large employers? These changes also raise crucial issues for tax systems. Differences in tax treatment across employment forms may create tax arbitrage opportunities. This paper investigates the potential for such opportunities for eight countries. It models the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers (with applicable tax rules detailed in the paper’s annex). The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/20f7164a-en
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    Skills Matter : Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264332829 , 9789264799004 , 9789264811072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Algeria ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Arbeitnehmer ; Berufliche Qualifikation
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 33 countries and regions that participated in the 1st and 2nd round of the Survey of Adult Skills in 2011-12 and in 2014-15, this report describes adults’ proficiency in three information-processing skills, and examines how proficiency is related to labour-market and social outcomes. It also places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd and final round of the first cycle of PIAAC in 2017-18, which included 6 countries (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in three information-processing skills: literacy, numeracy and problem-solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f029d8f-en
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    Making Decentralisation Work : A Handbook for Policy-Makers (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626980 , 9789264875234 , 9789264313033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making decentralisation work
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Kommunalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; OECD ; Dezentralisation ; Kommunalpolitik
    Abstract: This report offers a comprehensive overview of decentralisation policies and reforms in OECD countries and beyond. Sometimes called a “silent” or “quiet” revolution, decentralisation is among the most important reforms of the past 50 years. The report argues that decentralisation outcomes – in terms of democracy, efficiency, accountability, regional and local development – depend greatly on the way it is designed and implemented. Making the most of decentralisation systems is particularly crucial in the context of a “geography of discontent” and growing divides between places that feel left behind by globalisation and technological change and those that may benefit from the opportunities offered by megatrends. The report identifies 10 guidelines for making decentralisation work and allowing it to be conducive to regional development. Beyond the guidelines, the report proposes concrete tools for policy-makers, including detailed sets of recommendations, checklists, pitfalls to avoid and examples of good practices, both in unitary and federal countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9faa7-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective - MAP Peer Review Report, Estonia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Estonia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Estland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Estonia ; Bericht ; Estland ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Estland ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Estonia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310742-en
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    PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264828865 , 9789264477599 , 9789264937567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Schüler ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education
    Abstract: This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its seventh cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge, skills and well-being. Like previous cycles, the 2018 assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with the major focus this cycle on reading literacy, plus an evaluation of students’ global competence – their ability to understand and appreciate the perspectives and world views of others. Financial literacy was also offered as an optional assessment. The framework also includes the questionnaires distributed to students and school principals used to elicit information about student backgrounds and the school learning environment, as well as some questionnaires distributed to parents and teachers to assess factors associated with student outcomes. Students in some countries also completed further questionnaires on their educational trajectory, familiarity with information and communications technology, and well-being.
    DOI: 10.1787/b25efab8-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, India (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: India (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; India ; Indien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by India.
    DOI: 10.1787/c66636e8-en
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  • 75
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Colombia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674875
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Colombia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Kolumbien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Steuervermeidung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/7182ca92-en
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  • 76
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    The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 221
    Keywords: Dienstleistungssektor ; Digitalisierung ; Online-Handel ; Digitale Dienste ; Handelshemmnisse ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration of digital transformation has had profound implications for services trade but the benefits of digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers that affect services traded digitally. It consists of two components, the regulatory database and indices, which bring together comparable information from 44 countries. The Digital STRI shows a diverse and complex global regulatory environment affecting trade in digitally enabled services. Moreover, over the past years, the indices show an increasingly tightening regulatory environment highlighting that further international cooperation and dialogue is needed to maximise the benefits of digitalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/16ed2d78-en
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  • 77
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    SIGI 2019 Global Report : transforming challenges into opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264434738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (229 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/bc56d212-en
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  • 78
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    Evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 130
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarsubvention ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Artenvielfalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relationship between agricultural support policies (adapted from the OECD Producer Support Estimate (PSE) classification) and a selection of environmental impacts are analysed in a range of country settings, using a farm-level and a market-level model. Based on the methods and environmental indicators used, market price support and payments based on unconstrained variable input use were the most environmentally harmful among the various PSE measures. Decoupled support payments based on non-current crop area were the least harmful, even when considering their impacts on the behaviour of risk averse farmers. The impacts of support policies that clearly change the competitiveness of one production activity in relation to another, such as payments based on current crop area or on animal numbers, were more equivocal. Support payments subject to environmental constraints can improve environmental outcomes compared to coupled support without restrictions, however, they can also have unintended environmental impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/add0f27c-en
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  • 79
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    Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets 2019 : An Assessment of Where OECD Countries Stand (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264716742 , 9789264572485 , 9789264762886
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring distance to the SDG targets 2019
    DDC: 338.927
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Vereinte Nationen Generalversammlung Sustainable Development Goals
    Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set a broad and ambitious programme for the world to achieve by 2030. With 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets, the complex and integrated nature of the 2030 Agenda presents national governments with huge challenges for implementation. To assist countries, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets. Based on the UN Global List of 244 indicators, this study evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available. This 2019 edition of the study presents the latest results for OECD countries, both on average and individually, as well as new exploratory approaches to assessing progress over time and transboundary aspects of the SDGs. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, this study aims to support member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8caf3fa-en
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  • 80
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    Revised proposal for the revision of the statistical definitions of biotechnology and nanotechnology (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Forschungsstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agreement on a harmonised application of clear statistical definitions of technologies is pertinent to the delineation of technology fields both with regard to each other and within the context of wider economic developments. Biotechnology and nanotechnology are both enabling technologies, which find applications and give rise to innovations in many industry sectors, contributing to determine wide ranges of economic and societal impact. This document revises the OECD's statistical definition of biotechnology, which had last been reviewed in 2008, and proposes the adoption of a statistical definition of nanotechnology in the same format. The statistical definitions proposed in this document are indicative rather than exhaustive and are expected to change over time as biotechnology and nanotechnology activities evolve.
    DOI: 10.1787/085e0151-en
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  • 81
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    Trend-analysis of science, technology and innovation policies for BNCTs (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This “Trend-Analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for BNCTs” aims to analyse policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past years with regard to their directionality and technology-specificity. The analysis provides some evidence that technology-push policies are favoured for young technology fields, while application-pull policies tend to be applied to more mature fields. In technology-specific policies, the percentage of pure application-pull policies is much lower than that observed for general STI policies. Most individual STI policies are technology-specific in their title or description. Most general STI policies also mention a specific technology and are thus applicable to both the field of general STI and the field of the respective technology. In the case of biotechnology, nanotechnology and ICT, by contrast, at least one third of the policies are unique to the respective field, and only up to a quarter are shared with any other technology field.
    DOI: 10.1787/1566a6ce-en
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  • 82
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    Which skills for the digital era? : returns to skills analysis (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 09
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Computerunterstützung ; Informationstechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a9479b5-en
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  • 83
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    Rethinking Urban Sprawl : Moving towards sustainable cities (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189881 , 9789264297951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking urban sprawl
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: 1990-2014 ; Suburbanisierung ; Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: This report provides a new perspective to the nature of urban sprawl and its causes and environmental, social and economic consequences. This perspective, which is based on the multi-dimensionality of urban sprawl, sets the foundations for the construction of new indicators to measure the various facets of urban sprawl. The report uses new datasets to compute these indicators for more than 1100 urban areas in 29 OECD countries over the period 1990-2014. It then relies on cross-city, country-level and cross-country analyses of these indicators to provide insights into the current situation and evolution of urban sprawl in OECD cities. In addition, the report offers a critical assessment of the causes and consequences of urban sprawl and discusses policy options to steer urban development to more environmentally sustainable forms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189881-en
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  • 84
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    The contribution of migration to the dynamics of the labour force in OECD countries : 2005-2015 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 203
    Keywords: 2005 - 2015 ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the methodology as well as the results of the joint OECD-EC project Migration-Demography Database: A monitoring system of the demographic impact of migration and mobility. The objective of the project is to evaluate the contribution of migration to past and future labour market dynamics across OECD countries. After assessing the role of migration over the last five to 10 years in shaping the occupational and educational composition of the labour force, this project looks at the potential contribution of migration to the labour force in a range of alternative scenarios. This paper presents the results from the first part of the project: it focuses on the changes that have taken place in the last 10 years and studies how migration flows have contributed to the dynamics of the labour force, in particular in comparison to other labour market entries. It also analyses the contribution of migration in specific skills categories and in specific occupations.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a301bef8-en
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  • 85
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    Consumer product safety in the internet of things (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 267 (March 2018)
    Keywords: Internet der Dinge ; Produktsicherheit ; Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In addition to offering greater product choice and convenience to consumers, the IoT is expected to revolutionise the way product design, manufacturing, and product delivery processes are monitored, analysed and improved, including remotely. This report describes current and emerging IoT developments that may have implications for consumer product safety policy design and enforcement. It describes the opportunities afforded by the IoT to enhance the quality of products, help prevent consumer product safety hazards or damage, and to create better ways to manage safety in the supply chain and the marketplace. The report also draws attention to the potential for the IoT to give rise to new safety risks, and questions about whether existing liability and product safety regulatory regimes are adequate.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c45fa66-en
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  • 86
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    Consumer policy and the smart home (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 268 (April 2018)
    Keywords: Gebäudemanagement ; Internet der Dinge ; Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The “smart home” looks set to be the arena in which many people will utilise consumer-facing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the first time. A new generation of familiar household devices and appliances (e.g. washing machines) are becoming “smart” through the addition of sensors, software and Internet connections. They are entering the home alongside innovative IoT era devices (e.g. smart speakers) – often integrating with them to form smart residential systems (e.g. relating to energy, entertainment and home security). This report outlines the key consumer benefits and risks associated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the “smart home”. The benefits include convenience, customisation and control. However, there are potential risks for smart home residents such as data privacy and cybersecurity threats, limitations on interoperability, the need for lifetime product support, complex supply chains and liability regimes, and product safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/e124c34a-en
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  • 87
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    Consumer protection enforcement in a global digital marketplace (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 266 (March 2018)
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Internationale Geschäftsbeziehungen ; Verbraucherschutz ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines information on consumer protection enforcement authorities of OECD member and non-member countries, especially on the ability of these authorities to co-operate across borders. It is based on questionnaire responses from 31 countries, supplemented by additional research. It has been prepared to support a review of the 2003 OECD Recommendation of the Council concerning Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders. It will also inform work to implement the 2016 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce, which contains updated provisions on enforcement co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/f041eead-en
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  • 88
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    Indicators for resilient cities (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2018, 02
    Keywords: Stadt ; Kommunalpolitik ; Krisenmanagement ; Coping-Strategie ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper discusses approaches to strengthen and monitor urban resilience through the use of indicators. Resilience is the capacity of a city or community to prepare for, respond to and adapt from dangerous and disruptive events, such as natural disasters, economic crises, demographic changes, health epidemics and others. Given that resilience is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, local authorities should design and implement strategies for urban resilience that integrate economic, social, environmental and institutional aspects. In order to monitor progress in becoming more resilient, local authorities should use indicators that measure resilience along these dimensions. The paper analyses different types of indicators and discusses the contexts in which they should be used. It provides recommendations on how local authorities can choose indicators tailored to their policy priorities and develops guidelines for the effective use of indicators in a broader governance framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f1f6065-en
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  • 89
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    Mark-ups in the digital era (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 10
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Mark-up Pricing ; Marktmacht ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the evolution of firm mark-ups across 26 countries for the period 2001-14. It also discusses and investigates empirically how this can be related to the degree of digital transformation in sectors. Four main facts emerge: i) mark-ups are increasing over the period, on average across country; ii) this result is driven by firms at the top of the mark-up distribution, while the bottom half of the distribution exhibits a flat trend over time; (iii) mark-ups are higher in digital-intensive sectors than in less-digitally intensive sectors; (iv) mark-up differentials between digitally-intensive and less-digitally-intensive sectors have increased significantly over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/4efe2d25-en
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  • 90
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    The productivity-wage premium : does size still matter in a service economy? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 13
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 1994 - 2012 ; Dienstleistungsgesellschaft ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Lohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The literature has established two robust stylised facts: (i) the existence of a firm size-wage premium; and (ii) a positive relationship between firm size and productivity. However, the existing evidence is mainly based on manufacturing data only. With manufacturing nowadays accounting for a small share of the economy, whether productivity, size, and wages are closely linked, and how tight this link is across sectors, is still an open question. Using a unique micro-aggregated dataset covering the whole economy in 17 countries over 1994-2012, this paper compares these relationships across sectors. While the size-wage and size-productivity premia are significantly weaker in market services compared to manufacturing, the link between wages and productivity is stronger. The combination of these results suggests that, in a service economy the “size-wage premium” becomes more a “productivity-wage premium”. These results have first-order policy implications for both workers and firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/04e36c29-en
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  • 91
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    Investing in medication adherence improves health outcomes and health system efficiency : adherence to medicines for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 105
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arzneimittel ; Gesundheitskosten ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poor adherence to medications affects approximately half of the patient population, leading to severe health complications, premature deaths, and an increased use of healthcare services. The three most prevalent chronic conditions – diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia – stand out regarding the magnitude of avoidable health complications, mortality, and healthcare costs. There are three broad reasons behind these low rates of adherence to chronic disease medications. Firstly,the problem of poor adherence has rarely been explicitly included in national health policy agendas. Secondly, interventions tend to attribute the problem exclusively to patients, while the evidence suggests that health system characteristics – in particular the quality of patient-provider interaction, procedures for refilling prescriptions, or out-of-pocket costs – are lead drivers. Thirdly, patients with chronic conditions frequently feel left out of the decision about their therapy and are inclined to rebuff. This paper identifies enablers that are needed for improving adherence to medication at the system level.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/8178962c-en
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  • 92
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    Economic valuation in formaldehyde regulation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 134
    Keywords: Chemikalienrecht ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Gesundheit ; Nicht-marktliche Bewertung ; OECD-Staaten ; Formaldehyde ; Formaldehyd ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper gives an overview of economic assessments of the benefits of the control of formaldehyde and reflects on developments in its risk management and regulation. Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of resins, as a disinfectant and fixative and as a preservative in consumer products. Formaldehyde exposure can be harmful to human health.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/c0f8b8e5-en
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  • 93
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    Investment as a transmission mechanism from weak demand to weak supply and the post-crisis productivity slowdown (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1466
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Produktionspotenzial ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Akzelerator ; Hysterese ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Current weak labour productivity growth in many OECD countries reflects historically weak contributions from both total factor productivity (TFP) growth and capital deepening. The slowdown in trend productivity growth in the pre-crisis period is mostly explained by a long-established slowdown in TFP growth, but since the crisis the further deceleration is mainly due to weak capital deepening, a development apparent in practically every OECD country. Much of the weakness in the growth of the capital stock since the financial crisis can be explained by an accelerator response of investment to continued demand weakness, leading in turn to a deterioration of potential output via a hysteresis-like effect. For the most severely affected economies, the financial crisis is estimated to have reduced potential output by more than 2% via this transmission mechanism. In many OECD countries, declining government investment as a share of GDP has further exacerbated post-crisis weakness in capital stock growth, both directly and probably indirectly via adverse spillover effects on business investment. Finally, over a period when the use of conventional macro policy instruments was constrained, the slower pace of structural reform represents a missed opportunity, not least because more competition-friendly product market regulation could have boosted both investment and potential growth.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0c62cc26-en
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  • 94
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    The quantification of structural reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1482
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6d883be1-en
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  • 95
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    How does finance influence labour market outcomes? : a review of empirical studies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1495
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Kreditgeschäft ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Kapitalstruktur ; Lohnstruktur ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews empirical research on finance and labour markets. Preliminary themes in the literature follow. Finance may interact with labour market institutions to jointly determine labour outcomes. Highly leveraged firms show greater employment volatility during cyclical fluctuations, and leverage strengthens firm bargaining power in labour negotiations. Bank deregulation may have mixed impacts on labour depending upon the state of bank regulations and labour markets. Leveraged buyouts tend to dampen acquired firm job growth as they pursue labour productivity gains. The shareholder value movement may contribute to short-termism among corporate managers, which can divert funds away from firm capital accumulation toward financial markets, crowd out productive investment and fuel unemployment. Declining wage shares in OECD countries may be driven in part by financial globalisation. The financial sector contributes to rising concentration near the top of the income distribution. Finance is linked to increased reallocation of labour, which may either enhance or impede productivity growth. Finally, there is limited evidence that rising interest rate environments and homeowners with mortgage balances that exceed their home’s value may reduce labour mobility rates.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d8651803-en
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  • 96
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    Design of insolvency regimes across countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1504
    Keywords: 2010 - 2016 ; Insolvenz ; Private Verschuldung ; Marktaustritt ; Allokationseffizienz ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores cross-country differences in the design of insolvency regimes, based on quantitative indicators constructed from countries’ responses to a recent OECD policy questionnaire. The indicators – which are available for 36 countries for 2010 and 2016 – aim to better capture the key design features of insolvency which impact the timely initiation and resolution of personal and corporate insolvency proceedings. According to these metrics, the design of insolvency regimes varies significantly across countries, with important differences emerging with respect to the treatment of failed entrepreneurs, the availability of preventative and streamlining tools and ease of corporate restructuring. While a comparison of indicator values for 2010 and 2016 imply that recent reform efforts have improved policy design, there remains much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries. This is particularly significant in light of complementary analysis which shows that the design of insolvency regimes is relevant for understanding three inter-related sources of contemporary labour productivity weakness: the survival of “zombie” firms, capital misallocation and stalling technological diffusion.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d44dc56f-en
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  • 97
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    OECD 2017 OURdata Index : methodology and results (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on public governance no. 30
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; E-Government ; Daten ; Publikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the methodological process and results of the OECD 2017 Open-Useful-Reusable Government data Index (OURdata Index). It is meant to present the methodology and outline the data collection and verification process; discuss key findings of the composite indicators including overall country scores and scores by pillars and sub-pillars; and show the outcomes of different statistical tests to assess the robustness of the results, including tests to evaluate the sensitivity of the indicators to various weighting schemes. The paper highlights the relevance of the Index to support the design and monitoring of open government data policies and practices leading to socio-economic outcomes and to the improved performance and efficiency of public sector organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/2807d3c8-en
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  • 98
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    How demanding are activation requirements for jobseekers (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 215
    Keywords: Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new information on activity-related eligibility criteria for unemployment and related benefits in OECD- and EU-countries in 2017, comparing the strictness of “demanding” elements built into unemployment benefits across countries and over time. Eligibility criteria for unemployment benefits determine what claimants need to do to successfully claim benefits initially or to continue receiving them. Benefit systems feature specific rules that define the type of job offers that claimants need to accept, requirements for reporting on the outcomes of independent job-search efforts, obligations to participate in active labour market programmes, as well as sanctions for failing to meet these requirements. Such rules aim to strengthen incentives to look for, prepare for, and accept employment. They may also be used as a targeting device to reduce demands on benefit systems, and on associated employment services. While this may serve to limit support to genuine jobseekers, strict requirements can also exclude some intended recipients from financial and re-employment support, e.g., by discouraging them from applying. This paper presents detailed information on policy rules in 2017, summarises them into an overall policy indicator of eligibility strictness, and gauges recent policy trends by documenting changes in the strictness measures. A novelty is the inclusion of lower-tier unemployment or social assistance benefits in the compilation of policy rules. Results document a large number of reforms enacted after the Great Recession and suggest a slight convergence of policy rules across countries even though overall measures of the strictness of activity-related eligibility criteria have remained broadly unchanged during the recent past. In countries with multiple layers of support for the unemployed, availability requirements tend to be more demanding for lower-tier assistance benefits, while sanction rules tend to be more stringent for first-tier programmes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2bdfecca-en
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  • 99
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    Rethinking Regional Development Policy-making (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264293014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking regional development policy-making
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Regionalentwicklung ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: This report takes stock of discussions held between academics and country practitioners during a series of seminars organised in 2017 by the OECD and the European Commission that focused on opportunities to improve the design and delivery of regional development policies. What can governments do to enhance economic development in regions and cities ? What lessons can be drawn from theory and practice to ensure public spending and investments contribute to regional development as effectively as possible ? At a time of increasing pressure on public finances it is paramount to enhance the effectiveness of regional policy governance instruments to add value to public spending and investment. Bringing together frontier economic theory and country practices regarding performance frameworks, financial instruments, policy conditionalities, contractual arrangements and behavioural insights in regional policy, this report identifies cross-cutting lessons to help policy-makers manage common trade-offs when designing public expenditure and investment programmes for the development of regions and cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264293014-en
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  • 100
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    The quantification of structural reforms : introducing country-specific policy effects (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1487
    Keywords: Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions. This approach allows for the incorporation of a potentially large set of additional policy areas including institutions and policy areas with limited time-series availability (e.g. sub-components of the Product Market Regulation indicator, housing market regulations and policies, Doing Business indicators and the quality of institutions such as the rule of law indicator or the efficiency of the legal system). Results suggest that for instance, when more stringent product market regulation hurts more in more open economies. Better institutions amplify the positive effect of R&D spending. Tax wedge reduction leads to less employment gains when EPL is not very stringent.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/885727c3-en
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