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  • Online-Ressource  (448)
  • 2020-2024  (448)
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (448)
  • Technology: general issues  (448)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036516783 , 9783036516776
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036516462 , 9783036516455
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The book reprints a set of important scientific papers applying physics and mathematics to address the problem of selective ionic conduction in narrow water-filled channels and pores. It is a long-standing problem, and an extremely important one. Life in all its forms depends on ion channels and, furthermore, the technological applications of artificial ion channels are already widespread and growing rapidly. They include desalination, DNA sequencing, energy harvesting, molecular sensors, fuel cells, batteries, personalised medicine, and drug design. Further applications are to be anticipated.The book will be helpful to researchers and technologists already working in the area, or planning to enter it. It gives detailed descriptions of a diversity of modern approaches, and shows how they can be particularly effective and mutually reinforcing when used together. It not only provides a snapshot of current cutting-edge scientific activity in the area, but also offers indications of how the subject is likely to evolve in the future
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513362 , 9783036513355
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of future smart grid systems. This book contains eleven chapters, which were originally published after rigorous peer-review as a Special Issue in the International Journal of Energies (Basel). The chapters cover a range of work from authors across the globe and present both the state-of-the-art and emerging paradigms across a range of topics including sustainability planning, regulations and policy, estimation and situational awareness, energy forecasting, control and optimization and decentralisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and scholars working in areas related to future smart grid systems
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524528 , 9783036524535
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The innovative coating and surface hardening technologies developed in recent years allow us to obtain practically any physical–mechanical or crystal–chemical complex properties of the metalworking tool surface layer. Today, the scientific approach to improving the operational characteristics of the tool surface layers produced from traditional tools industrial materials is a highly costly and long-lasting process. Different technological techniques, such as coatings (physical and chemical methods), surface hardening and alloying (chemical-thermal treatment, implantation), a combination of the listed methods, and other solutions are used for this. This edition aims to provide a review of the current state of the research and developments in the field of coatings and surface hardening technologies for cutting and die tools that can ensure a substantial increase of the work resource and reliability of the tool, an increase in productivity of machining, accuracy, and quality of the machined products, reduction in the material capacity of the production, and other important manufacturing factors. In doing so, the main emphasis should be on the results of the engineering works that have had a prosperous approbation in a laboratory or real manufacturing conditions
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511283 , 9783036511290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783036518169 , 9783036518152
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (539 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508085 , 9783036508092
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523545 , 9783036523538
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524467 , 9783036524474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Control and automation systems are at the heart of our every day lives. This book is a collection of novel ideas and findings in these fields, published as part of the Special Issue on Control and Automation. The core focus of this issue was original ideas and potential contributions for both theory and practice. It received a total number of 21 submissions, out of which 7 were accepted. These published manuscripts tackle some novel approaches in control, including fractional order control systems, with applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, vibratory systems, and wastewater treatment plants. This Special Issue has gathered a selection of novel research results regarding control systems in several distinct research areas. We hope that these papers will evoke new ideas, concepts, and further developments in the field
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502540 , 9783036502557
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, marine genomics has become a growning rapidly field, helped by the large amount of information that is becoming available to the international scientific community. Taking into account the current excitement in the field of marine biotechnology, this Special Issue entitled “Genome Mining and Synthetic Biology in Marine Natural Product Discovery” aims to to assess the impact of these molecular approaches on the discovery of bioactive compounds from marine organisms. The term “genome mining” is used to identify all bioinformatic investigations aimed at detecting the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive natural products and their possible functional and chemical interactions. Several studies are now reporting on marine organisms. Oceans cover nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface and host a huge ecological, chemical, and biological diversity. The natural conditions of the sea favor, in marine organisms, the production of a large variety of novel molecules with great pharmaceutical potential. Marine organisms are unique in their structural and functional features compared to terrestrial ones. Innovation in this field is very rapid, as revealed by the funding of several Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) and Horizon 2020 projects under the topic “Blue Growth”, with the urgent goal of discovering new drugs
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036505282 , 9783036505299
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Evolved in a huge number of different materials and structures, nature represents a great inspiration for scientists and researchers, which continuously focuses attention on the development of novel approaches and functional biomaterials to mimic the complex architectures and functions of the human body. Bioinspired engineering is considered today as a valuable tool for the design of clinically relevant materials and structures for regenerative sciences and, in this direction, many progresses have been recently made by the scientific research in the biomedical field. This book aims at collecting some recent works addressed to the definition of novel bioinspired approaches in bioengineering and biotechnology, presenting interesting scientific results and a comprehensive overview of attracting materials in research papers and review articles
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510361 , 9783036510378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Material loss due to wear and corrosion and high resistance to motion generate high costs. Therefore, minimizing friction and wear is a problem of great importance. This book is focused on the tribological behavior of functional surfaces. It contains information regarding the improvement of tribological properties of sliding elements via changes in surface topography. Tribological impacts of surface texturing depending on the creation of dimples on co-acting surfaces are also discussed. The effects of various coatings on the minimization of friction and wear and corrosion resistance are also studied. Friction can be also reduced by introducing a new oil
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503301 , 9783036503318
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue is result of a call for papers of the Section Industrial Crystallization of MDPI’s scientific journal Crystals. It addresses scientists and engineers active in research and process & product development in life-science industries (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and biotechnology products) and bulk chemical applications (e.g. desalination) as well. The contributions comprise several fundamental and application-oriented facets of crystallization providing an overview of industrially relevant subjects in the field. Main issues cover phase equilibria and solid-state behavior of crystalline compounds, crystal shape and size and related measurement techniques. Melt and solution crystallization are considered specifically addressing contemporary aspects of continuous crystallization and process intensification
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036506425 , 9783036506432
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The oceans harbor the majority of the Earth´s biodiversity. Marine organisms/microorganisms provide a diverse array of natural products, which are important sources of biologically active agents with unique chemical structures and a broad range of medical and biotechnological applications. The XVI MaNaPro and XI ECMNP conferences aim to present advances and future perspectives on marine natural product research to the scientific community by gathering scientists who work in marine chemistry and related scientific fields from all over the world and at different seniority levels. This Special Issue was organized on the occasion of the 2nd joint XVI MaNaPro and XI ECMNP meeting (http://wmnp2019.ipleiria.pt/) held in Peniche, Portugal, in 2019. It comprises 12 original research articles that exemplify research performed in the scope of the conference topics
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513683 , 9783036513676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book includes an editorial and 12 research papers on micromixers collected from the Special Issue published in Micromachines. The topics of the papers are focused on the design of micromixers, their fabrication, and their analysis. Some of them proposed novel micromixer designs. Most of them deal with passive micromixers, but two papers report studies on electrokinetic micromixers. Fully three-dimensional (3D) micromixers were investigated in some cases. One of the papers applied optimization techniques to the design of a 3D micromixer. A review paper is also included and reports a review of recently developed passive micromixers and a comparative analysis of 10 typical micromixers
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510682 , 9783036510699
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this Special Issue is to provide new contributions in the area of biomass valorization using heterogeneous catalysts and focusing specifically on the structure/activity relationships of specific and important oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and biocatalytic processes. The issue emphasizes the influence of the design and morphology of the catalyst, in terms of particle size, redox and acid-base properties and catalyst stability. Finally, mechanistic studies and examples of design and optimization of industrial processes are presented
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501567 , 9783036501574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503288 , 9783036503295
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: One of the highest priorities for human societies in the 21st century, under the challenges of predicted great environmental changes, is to conserve all kinds of biodiversity across the planet. Among all the biota that exist on Earth, forest ecosystems demonstrate a high degree of biodiversity, being thought to comprise the most diverse ecosystems, as most of the terrestrial species in the world dwell in these ecosystems. Forest biodiversity is interlinked to a web of socio-economic factors, providing an array of goods and services that range from timber and non-timber forest resources to mitigating climate change and conservation of genetic resources; therefore, it is innately linked to ecosystems and human well-being. However, in recent decades, the decrease in forest biodiversity has been a crucial and ongoing environmental issue that needs special attention and adapted ecosystem management. This Special Issue book on forest biodiversity (FB) includes a selected number of research works from all over the world dealing with emerging issues, for understanding FB and its needs for conservation, ecological processes, disturbances, climate change and ecosystems resilience, structural complexity and ecosystem functions, ecological theories and silvicultural practices, and ecosystems stability. More specifically, it includes papers focused on the indicators and methods for assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity, evaluation of practices, planting and silvicultural treatments, and management and monitoring methods, with an overall goal to provide new insights on forest biodiversity conservation, conservation of forest biodiversity in protected areas, treatments of endangered or threatened forest habitats, and sustainable management of forest resources
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9783036510385 , 9783036510392
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Cellular solids and porous metals have become some of the most promising lightweight multifunctional materials due to their superior combination of advanced properties mainly derived from their base material and cellular structure. They are used in a wide range of commercial, biomedical, industrial, and military applications. In contrast to other cellular materials, cellular metals are non-flammable, recyclable, extremely tough, and chemically stable and are excellent energy absorbers. The manuscripts of this Special Issue provide a representative insight into the recent developments in this field, covering topics related to manufacturing, characterization, properties, specific challenges in transportation, and the description of structural features. For example, a presented strategy for the strengthening of Al-alloy foams is the addition of alloying elements (e.g., magnesium) into the metal bulk matrix to promote the formation of intermetallics (e.g., precipitation hardening). The incorporation of micro-sized and nano-sized reinforcement elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) into the metal bulk matrix to enhance the performance of the ductile metal is presented. New bioinspired cellular materials, such as nanocomposite foams, lattice materials, and hybrid foams and structures are also discussed (e.g., filled hollow structures, metal-polymer hybrid cellular structures)
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524542 , 9783036524559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513966 , 9783036513959
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: As the world enters the third decade of the 21st century, a shift in global energy demand and use is anticipated. The transportation industry is one of the largest energy users, with major environmental consequences. Additionally, with the most ambitious electric vehicle predictions, the bulk of cars sold in 2040 will still have internal combustion engines. As a result, we must continue to explore all options for reducing IC engine emissions, as well as pathways to reduce potential vehicle CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, on the other hand, which can be used in both internal combustion engines and fuel cells, is seen as one of the future's most important energy vectors. In terms of production, storage, and application, this technology still faces several challenges. This Special Issue features original research papers, as well as important review articles on current issues relating to laboratory research and in-vehicle test results on different renewable combustion strategies that seek to reduce environmental impact
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508962 , 9783036508979
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514529 , 9783036514512
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Control system engineering is a multidisciplinary discipline that applies automatic control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments. Automatic control theory has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. It has become an essential and integral part of modern industrial and manufacturing processes. Today, the requirements for control precision have increased, and real systems have become more complex. In control engineering and all other engineering disciplines, the impact of advanced mathematical and computational methods is rapidly increasing. Advanced mathematical methods are needed because real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions related to product quality and safety constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation. Conversely, the increment in mathematical complexity has an impact on the computational aspects related to numerical simulation and practical implementation of the algorithms, where a balance must also be maintained between implementation costs and the performance of the control system. This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting recent advances in developing and applying advanced mathematics and computational applications in control system engineering
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523941 , 9783036523958
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Intelligent optimization is based on the mechanism of computational intelligence to refine a suitable feature model, design an effective optimization algorithm, and then to obtain an optimal or satisfactory solution to a complex problem. Intelligent algorithms are key tools to ensure global optimization quality, fast optimization efficiency and robust optimization performance. Intelligent optimization algorithms have been studied by many researchers, leading to improvements in the performance of algorithms such as the evolutionary algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, differential evolution algorithm, and particle swarm optimization. Studies in this arena have also resulted in breakthroughs in solving complex problems including the green shop scheduling problem, the severe nonlinear problem in one-dimensional geodesic electromagnetic inversion, error and bug finding problem in software, the 0-1 backpack problem, traveler problem, and logistics distribution center siting problem. The editors are confident that this book can open a new avenue for further improvement and discoveries in the area of intelligent algorithms. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in understanding the principles and design of intelligent algorithms
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511221 , 9783036511238
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Currently, the modelling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems is an open and challenging field of investigation in both industry and academia. The book encompasses the kinematic and dynamic modelling, analysis, design, and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with the scope of improving their performance, as well as simulating and testing novel devices and control architectures. A broad range of disciplines and topics are included, such as robotic manipulation, mobile systems, cable-driven robots, wearable and rehabilitation devices, variable stiffness safety-oriented mechanisms, optimization of robot performance, and energy-saving systems
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  • 26
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    Online-Ressource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511467 , 9783036511474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Although the design and management of manufacturing systems have been explored in the literature for many years now, they still remain topical problems in the current scientific research. The changing market trends, globalization, the constant pressure to reduce production costs, and technical and technological progress make it necessary to search for new manufacturing methods and ways of organizing them, and to modify manufacturing system design paradigms. This book presents current research in different areas connected with the design and management of manufacturing systems and covers such subject areas as: methods supporting the design of manufacturing systems, methods of improving maintenance processes in companies, the design and improvement of manufacturing processes, the control of production processes in modern manufacturing systems production methods and techniques used in modern manufacturing systems and environmental aspects of production and their impact on the design and management of manufacturing systems. The wide range of research findings reported in this book confirms that the design of manufacturing systems is a complex problem and that the achievement of goals set for modern manufacturing systems requires interdisciplinary knowledge and the simultaneous design of the product, process and system, as well as the knowledge of modern manufacturing and organizational methods and techniques
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9783036514871 , 9783036514888
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (474 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Sustainable industrial engineering addresses the sustainability issue from economic, environmental, and social points of view. Its application fields are the whole value chain and lifecycle of products/services, from the development to the end-of-life stages. This book aims to address many of the challenges faced by industrial organizations and supply chains to become more sustainable through reinventing their processes and practices, by continuously incorporating sustainability guidelines and practices in their decisions, such as circular economy, collaboration with suppliers and customers, using information technologies and systems, tracking their products’ life-cycle, using optimization methods to reduce resource use, and to apply new management paradigms to help mitigate many of the wastes that exist across organizations and supply chains. This book will be of interest to the fast-growing body of academics studying and researching sustainability, as well as to industry managers involved in sustainability management
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  • 28
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520797 , 9783036520803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This is a Special Issue of Metals devoted to aspects of Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy. This includes a global call for article submissions that also included Characterization along with Recycling and Waste Minimization. As such, both primary and recycled aspects will be considered. Possible specific topics included Mineralogy, Geometallurgy, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Comminution, Classification, Physical Separations, Liquid–Solid Separations, Leaching, Solvent Extraction, Ion Exchange, Activated Carbon, Precipitation, Reduction, Process Economics and Process Control. Suggested application areas were in Gold, Silver, PGM’s, Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Nickel, and Titanium. Critical Metals articles on topics such as Lithium, Antimony Tellurium, Gallium, Germanium, Cobalt, Graphite, Indium, and Rare Earth were also welcome. As such, this Special Issue of Metals was well supported by diverse submissions and the final publication of high-quality peer-reviewed articles
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  • 29
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508924 , 9783036508931
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides
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  • 30
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036508764 , 9783036508771
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The increasing demand of processing a higher number of applications and related data on computing platforms has resulted in reliance on multi-/many-core chips as they facilitate parallel processing. However, there is a desire for these platforms to be energy-efficient and reliable, and they need to perform secure computations for the interest of the whole community. This book provides perspectives on the aforementioned aspects from leading researchers in terms of state-of-the-art contributions and upcoming trends
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  • 31
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502748 , 9783036502755
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: With rapid developments being made in the exploration of marine resources, coastal geohazard and offshore geotechnics have attracted a great deal of attention from coastal geotechnical engineers, with significant progress being made in recent years. Due to the complicated nature of marine environmnets, there are numerous natural marine geohazard preset throughout the world’s marine areas, e.g., the South China Sea. In addition, damage to offshore infrastructure (e.g., monopiles, bridge piers, etc.) and their supporting installations (pipelines, power transmission cables, etc.) has occurred in the last decades. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and soil behavior of the seabed in marine environments will help engineers in the design and planning processes of coastal geotechnical engineering projects. The purpose of this book is to present the recent advances made in the field of coastal geohazards and offshore geotechnics. The book will provide researchers with information reagrding the recent developments in the field, and possible future developments. The book is composed of eighteen papers, covering three main themes: (1) the mechanisms of fluid–seabed interactions and the instability associated with seabeds when they are under dynamic loading (papers 1–5); (2) evaluation of the stability of marine infrastructure, including pipelines (papers 6–8), piled foundation and bridge piers (papers 9–12), submarine tunnels (paper 13), and other supported foundations (paper 14); and (3) coastal geohazards, including submarine landslides and slope stability (papers 15–16) and other geohazard issues (papers 17–18). The editors hope that this book will functoin as a guide for researchers, scientists, and scholars, as well as practitioners of coastal and offshore engineering
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  • 32
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527031 , 9783036527024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies
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  • 33
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510323 , 9783036510330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted a great amount of multidiscipline research due to their high potential for solar-to-chemical-energy conversion applications, ranging from water and air purification to hydrogen and chemical fuel production. This unique diversity of photoinduced applications has spurred major research efforts on the rational design and development of photocatalytic materials with tailored structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties in order to promote solar-light harvesting, easy photogenerated electron-hole recombination and the concomitant low quantum efficiency. This book presents a collection of original research articles on advanced photocatalytic materials, synthesized by novel fabrication approaches and/or innovative modifications that improve their performance in target photocatalytic applications such as water (cyanobacterial toxins, antibiotics, phenols, and dyes) and air (NOx and volatile organic compounds) pollutant degradation, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen peroxide production by photoelectrochemical cells
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  • 34
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510866 , 9783036510873
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Computing and communication capabilities are increasingly embedded in diverse objects and structures in the physical environment. They will link the ‘cyberworld’ of computing and communications with the physical world. These applications are called cyber physical systems (CPS). Obviously, the increased involvement of real-world entities leads to a greater demand for trustworthy systems. Hence, we use "system trustworthiness" here, which can guarantee continuous service in the presence of internal errors or external attacks. Mobile CPS (MCPS) is a prominent subcategory of CPS in which the physical component has no permanent location. Mobile Internet devices already provide ubiquitous platforms for building novel MCPS applications. The objective of this Special Issue is to contribute to research in modern/future trustworthy MCPS, including design, modeling, simulation, dependability, and so on. It is imperative to address the issues which are critical to their mobility, report significant advances in the underlying science, and discuss the challenges of development and implementation in various applications of MCPS
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  • 35
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512662 , 9783036512679
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which uses numerical analysis to predict and model complex flow behaviors and transport processes, has become a mainstream tool in engineering process research and development. Complex chemical processes often involve coupling between dynamics at vastly different length and time scales, as well as coupling of different physical models. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of those problems calls for delicate modeling approaches. This book showcases recent contributions in this field, from the development of modeling methodology to its application in supporting the design, development, and optimization of engineering processes
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  • 36
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523217 , 9783036523224
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature
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  • 37
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514451 , 9783036514468
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Biofiltration is a technology of great interest since the costs of installation and, above all, exploitation costs are much lower than those associated with other technologies based on physical–chemical processes. Nowadays, the use of biofiltration is increasing every day. On the other hand, the physicochemical filtration process is a successful technology in numerous applications in the field of water treatment. This issue of the journal is focused on the treatment of different types of effluents through filtration: Drinking water and wastewater. Different technologies are analysed: Filtration through biochar from agricultural by-products; biological active carbon (BAC); electroadsorption using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent; filtration through sand, anthracite and expanded clay; granular activated carbon (GAC) as part of a tertiary treatment for wastewater reuse
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  • 38
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524085 , 9783036524092
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries
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  • 39
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036507163 , 9783036507170
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (688 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”
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  • 40
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517667 , 9783036517650
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Kurzfassung: Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data
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  • 41
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510149 , 9783036510156
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Over the past four decades, there has been increased attention given to the research of fluid mechanics due to its wide application in industry and phycology. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and thin film flows have been made and finally published in the Special Issue of coatings. This is an attempt to edit the Special Issue into a book. Although this book is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students, industrial researchers and in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic, while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. For such types of equations, it is often more difficult to find an analytical solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with the latest techniques. In addition, the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value
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  • 42
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513867 , 9783036513850
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (311 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Local communities are increasingly taking on active roles and emerging as new actors in energy systems. Community energy and energy storage may enable effective energy system integration and ensure maximum benefits of local generation, leading to more flexible and resilient energy supply systems and playing an important role in achieving renewable energy and climate policy objectives. In this book, we summarize the different topics covered in the international conference on new pathways for community energy and storage in the form of the 14 articles published in this Special Issue on the same topic. It addresses important developments and challenges related to local energy transitions and the role of community energy and energy storage therein
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  • 43
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039436316 , 9783039436323
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Communities increasingly find that the water quality, water levels, or some other resource indicator in their river basins do not meet their expectations. This discrepancy between the desired and actual state of the resource leads to efforts in river basin restoration. River basins are complex systems, and too often, restoration efforts are ineffective due to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the system, defined by the system structure and function. The river basin structure includes stocks (e.g., water level or quality), inflows (e.g., precipitation or fertilization), outflows (e.g., evaporation or runoff), and positive and negative feedback loops with delays in responsiveness, all of which function to change or stabilize the state of the system (e.g., the stock of interest, such as water level or quality). External drivers on this structure, together with goals and rules, contribute to how a river basin functions. This book reviews several new research projects to identify and rank the twelve most effective leverage points to address discrepancies between the desired and actual state of the river basin system. This book demonstrates that river basin restoration is most likely to succeed when we change paradigms rather than try to change the system elements, as the paradigm will establish the system goals, structure, rules, delays, and parameters
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  • 44
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036513591 , 9783036513607
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated
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  • 45
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036506548 , 9783036506555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (642 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The Special Issue presents almost 40 papers on recent research in modeling of pyrometallurgical systems, including physical models, first-principles models, detailed CFD and DEM models as well as statistical models or models based on machine learning. The models cover the whole production chain from raw materials processing through the reduction and conversion unit processes to ladle treatment, casting, and rolling. The papers illustrate how models can be used for shedding light on complex and inaccessible processes characterized by high temperatures and hostile environment, in order to improve process performance, product quality, or yield and to reduce the requirements of virgin raw materials and to suppress harmful emissions
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  • 46
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511924 , 9783036511931
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book introduces the Special Issue entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Topics covered in this issue include three main parts: (I) intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), (II) location-based services (LBSs), and (III) sensing techniques and applications. Three papers on ITSs are as follows: (1) “Vehicle positioning and speed estimation based on cellular network signals for urban roads,” by Lai and Kuo; (2) “A method for traffic congestion clustering judgment based on grey relational analysis,” by Zhang et al.; and (3) “Smartphone-based pedestrian’s avoidance behavior recognition towards opportunistic road anomaly detection,” by Ishikawa and Fujinami. Three papers on LBSs are as follows: (1) “A high-efficiency method of mobile positioning based on commercial vehicle operation data,” by Chen et al.; (2) “Efficient location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain,” by Wang et al.; and (3) “Proximity-based asynchronous messaging platform for location-based Internet of things service,” by Gon Jo et al. Two papers on sensing techniques and applications are as follows: (1) “Detection of electronic anklet wearers’ groupings throughout telematics monitoring,” by Machado et al.; and (2) “Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision,” by Wang et al
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  • 47
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511245 , 9783036511252
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in agriculture, aquaculture, food technology and environmental protection and engineering, discussing, among others, the following issues: new technologies in water, stormwater and wastewater treatment; water saving, lake restoration; new sludge and waste management systems; biodiesel production from animal fat waste; the microbiological quality of compound fish feeds for aquaculture; the role of technological processes to improve food quality and safety; new trends in the analysis of food and food components including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analyses; and functional and structural aspects of bioactivities of food molecules
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  • 48
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036515557 , 9783036515564
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Modern engineering practice requires advanced numerical modeling because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Thus far, different methods have been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular uses have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this Special Issue has been to familiarize the reader with the latest applications of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of diverse mechanical problems. Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the Special Issue
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  • 49
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036523354 , 9783036523361
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (556 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: CFD is an emerging area and is gaining popularity due to the availability of ever-increasing computational power. If used accurately, CFD methods may overcome the limitations of experimental and other numerical methods, in some respects. This Special Issue focuses on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations of Marine Hydrodynamics with a specific focus on the applications of naval architecture and ocean engineering, and it comprises 24 original articles that advance state-of-the-art CFD applications in marine hydrodynamics and/or review the progress and future directions of research in this field. The published articles cover a wide range of subjects relevant to naval architecture and ocean engineering, including but not limited to; ship resistance and propulsion, seakeeping and maneuverability, hydrodynamics of marine renewable energy devices, validation and verification of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), EFD/CFD combined methods, fouling/coating hydrodynamics
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  • 50
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519425 , 9783036519432
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Moving towards a sustainable and green economy requires the use of renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. In such a scenario, the use of lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams plays an important role, as it consists of abundant renewable resources. The complex nature of lignocellulosic biomass dictates the use of a pretreatment process prior to any further processing. Traditional methods of biomass pretreatment fail to recover cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in clean streams. It has been recognized that the efficient use of all the main fractions of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is an important step towards a financially sustainable biomass biorefinery. In this context, switching from biomass pretreatment to biomass fractionation can offer a sustainable solution to recover relatively clean streams of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This Special issue aims at exploring the most advanced solutions in biomass and waste pretreatment and fractionation techniques, together with novel (thermo)chemical and biochemical processes for the conversion of fractionated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and biomaterials, including the application of such products (i.e., use of biochar for filtration and metallurgical processes), as well as recent developments in kinetic, thermodynamic, and numeric modeling of conversion processes. The scope of this Special Issue will also cover progress in advanced measuring methods and techniques used in the characterization of biomass, waste, and products
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  • 51
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036515328 , 9783036515311
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Despite the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenge of realizing sustainability across the triple bottom line of social, environmental, and economic development remains an urgent priority. If anything, it is now imperative that we work towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the global challenges are significant. Many of the societal challenges represent complex problems that require multifaceted solutions drawing on multidisciplinary approaches.Engineering management involves the management of people and projects related to technological or engineering systems—this includes project management, engineering economy and technology management, as well as the management and leadership of teams. Systems engineering involves the design, integration and management of complex systems over the full life cycle—this includes requirements capture and integrated system design, as well as modelling and simulation. In addition to the theoretical underpinnings of both disciplines, they also provide a range of tools and techniques that can be used to address technological and organisational complexity. The disciplines of engineering management and systems engineering are therefore ideally suited to help tackle both the challenges and the opportunities associated with realising a sustainable future for all.This book provides new insights on how engineering management and systems engineering can be utilised as part of the journey towards sustainability. The book includes a discussion of a broad range of different approaches to investigate sustainability through utilising quantitative, qualitative and conceptual methodologies. The book will be of interest to researchers and students focused on the field of sustainability as well as practitioners concerned with devising strategies for sustainable development
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  • 52
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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  • 54
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517445 , 9783036517438
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Fungal Nanotechnologies (FN) 1 and 2 provide updated and comprehensive information that deals with the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species. Additionally, intracellular and extracellular mechanisms will be investigated, as well as fungal nanotechnology applications in the biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. FN is still in its infant stage; therefore, many studies should be focused on this area. Plants, animal and humans will benefit greatly from this, and efficient and ecologically friendly approaches should be created
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  • 55
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518718 , 9783036518725
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book focuses on original research works about Green Technologies for Production Processes, including discrete production processes and process production processes, from various aspects that tackle product, process, and system issues in production. The aim is to report the state-of-the-art on relevant research topics and highlight the barriers, challenges, and opportunities we are facing. This book includes 22 research papers and involves energy-saving and waste reduction in production processes, design and manufacturing of green products, low carbon manufacturing and remanufacturing, management and policy for sustainable production, technologies of mitigating CO2 emissions, and other green technologies
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  • 56
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512440 , 9783036512457
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient storage systems for portable electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation due to their high-energy density and low maintenance requirements. After their launch into the market in 1990s, they immediately became the dominant technology for portable systems. The development of LiBs for electric drive vehicles has been, in contrast, rather incremental. There are several critical issues, such as an energy density, system safety, cost, and environmental impact of the battery production processes, that remain challenges in the automotive field. In order to strengthen the LiB’s competitiveness and affordability in vehicle technology, the necessity of game-changer batteries is urgent. Recently, a novel approach going beyond Li batteries has become rapidly established. Several new chemistries have been proposed, leading to better performances in terms of energy density, long-life storage capability, safety, and sustainability. However, several challenges, such as a thorough understanding of mechanisms, cell design, long-term durability, and safety issues, have not yet been fully addressed. This book collects some recent developments and emerging trends in the field of “post-lithium” batteries, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of next-generation batteries
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  • 57
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501529 , 9783036501536
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach
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  • 58
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036509167 , 9783036509174
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book focuses on recent advances in plasma technology and its application to metals, alloys, and related materials. Surface modifications, material syntheses, cutting and surface coatings are performed using low-pressure plasma or atmospheric-pressure plasma. The contributions of this book include the discussion of a wide scope of plasma technologies applied to materials. Plasma is a versatile tool that can be applied in many types of material processing. New material processing applications of plasmas and new plasma technologies are being developed rapidly. We hope that this book can contribute new knowledge to the plasma material research society
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  • 59
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518862 , 9783036518855
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research
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  • 60
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036522920 , 9783036522913
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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  • 61
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036512112 , 9783036512105
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed
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  • 62
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524146 , 9783036524153
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The book outlines a series of developments made in the manufacturing of bio-functional layers via Physical Vapour-Deposited (PVD) technologies for application in various areas of healthcare. The scrutinized PVD methods include Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RF-MS), Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Pulsed Electron Deposition and its variants, Pulsed Laser Deposition, and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) due to their great promise, especially in dentistry and orthopaedics. These methods have yet to gain traction for industrialization and large-scale application in biomedicine. A new generation of implant coatings can be made available by the (1) incorporation of organic moieties (e.g., proteins, peptides, enzymes) into thin films using innovative methods such as combinatorial MAPLE, (2) direct coupling of therapeutic agents with bioactive glasses or ceramics within substituted or composite layers via RF-MS, or (3) innovation in high-energy deposition methods, such as arc evaporation or pulsed electron beam methods
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9783036526447 , 9783036526454
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Optimal performance of the electric machine/drive system is mandatory to improve the energy consumption and reliability. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of the electric machine/drive system are necessary. Hence, this motivated the editors to instigate the Special Issue “Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine”, aiming to collect novel publications that push the state-of-the art towards optimal performance for the electric machine/drive system. Seventeen papers have been published in this Special Issue. The published papers focus on several aspects of the electric machine/drive system with respect to the mathematical modelling. Novel optimization methods, control approaches, and comparative analysis for electric drive system based on various electric machines were discussed in the published papers
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  • 64
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036505121 , 9783036505138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Today, thin films are near-ubiquitous and are utilised in a very wide range of industrially and scientifically important areas. These include familiar everyday instances such as anti-reflective coatings on ophthalmic lenses, smartphone optics, photovoltaics, decorative, and tool coatings. A range of somewhat more exotic applications also exists, such as astronomical instrumentation (e.g., ultra-low loss dielectric mirrors and beam splitters in gravitational wave detectors, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO)), gas sensing, medical devices and implants, and accelerator coatings (e.g., coatings for the large hadron collider (LHC), and compact linear collider (CLIC) experiments at European organization for nuclear research (CERN)). This Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers working in any area within this highly diverse field to share and exchange their latest research findings. The Special Issue contains novel studies encompassing material characterisation techniques, a range of thin-film coating deposition processes and applications of such technology
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9783036526799 , 9783036526782
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The adequate assessment of key apparatus conditions is a hot topic in all branches of industry. Various online and offline diagnostic methods are widely applied to provide early detections of any abnormality in exploitation. Furthermore, different sensors may also be applied to capture selected physical quantities that may be used to indicate the type of potential fault. The essential steps of the signal analysis regarding the technical condition assessment process may be listed as: signal measurement (using relevant sensors), processing, modelling, and classification. In the Special Issue entitled “Advances in Sensors and Sensing for Technical Condition Assessment and NDT”, we present the latest research in various areas of technology
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9783036510224 , 9783036510231
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. Wastewater, which is spent water, is also a valuable natural resource. However, wastewater may contain many contaminants and cannot be released back into the environment until the contaminants are removed. Untreated wastewater and inadequately treated wastewater may have a detrimental effect on the environment and has a harmful effect on human health. Water quality engineering addresses the sources, transport and treatment of chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water. Objectives for the treatment of wastewater are that the treated wastewater can meet national effluent standards for the protection of the environment and the protection of public health. This book, which is based on the Special Issue, includes contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater and sludge. The book deals with recent advances in municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge treatment technologies, health effects of municipal wastewater, risk management, energy efficient wastewater treatment, water sustainability, water reuse and resource recovery
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  • 67
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519357 , 9783036519340
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (239 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9783036518596 , 9783036518602
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book contains the contributions of the Special Issue entitled "Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy". The Special Issue was based on the successful first edition of the "Workshop on Agents and Robots for reliable Engineered Autonomy" (AREA 2020), co-located with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). The aim was to bring together researchers from autonomous agents, as well as software engineering and robotics communities, as combining knowledge from these three research areas may lead to innovative approaches that solve complex problems related to the verification and validation of autonomous robotic systems
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  • 69
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502823 , 9783036502830
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Organic Electronics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field at the interface between Organic Chemistry and Physics. Organic Electronics is based on the use of the unique optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated materials that range from small molecules to polymers. The wide activity of researchers in Organic Electronics is testament to the fact that its potential is huge and its list of potential applications almost endless. Application of these electronic and optoelectronic devices range from Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) to Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs), sensors, etc. We invited a series of colleagues to contribute to this Special Issue with respect to the aforementioned concepts and keywords. The goal for this Special Issue was to describe the recent developments of this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary research field. We thank all authors for their contributions
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  • 70
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519616 , 9783036519609
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The self-assembly process underlies a plethora of natural phenomena from the macro to the nano scale. Often, technological development has found great inspiration in the natural world, as evidenced by numerous fabrication techniques based on self-assembly (SA). One striking example is given by epitaxial growths, in which atoms represent the building blocks. In lithography, the use of self-assembling materials is considered an extremely promising patterning option to overcome the size scale limitations imposed by the conventional photolithographic methods. To this purpose, in the last two decades several supramolecular self-assembling materials have been investigated and successfully applied to create patterns at a nanometric scale. Although considerable progress has been made so far in the control of self-assembly processes applied to nanolithography, a number of unresolved problems related to the reproducibility and metrology of the self-assembled features are still open. Addressing these issues is mandatory in order to allow the widespread diffusion of SA materials for applications such as microelectronics, photonics, or biology. In this context, the aim of the present Special Issue is to gather original research papers and comprehensive reviews covering various aspects of the self-assembly processes applied to nanopatterning. Topics include the development of novel SA methods, the realization of nanometric structures and devices, and the improvement of their long-range order. Moreover, metrology issues related to the nanoscale characterization of self-assembled structures are addressed
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  • 71
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520735 , 9783036520742
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes
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  • 72
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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  • 73
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036521886 , 9783036521879
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue is intended as a platform for interactive material science articles with an emphasis on the preparation, functionalization chemistry, and characterization of nanocarbon compounds, as well as all aspects of physical properties of functionalized, conjugated, or hybrid nanocarbon materials, and their associated applications. Some recent advances in the field are here collected, providing new ideas for discussion of researchers working in this multidisciplinary scenario
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  • 74
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527307 , 9783036527314
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The accumulation of damage and the development of fatigue cracks under the influence of loads is a common phenomenon that occurs in metals. To slow down crack growth and ensure an adequate level of safety and the optimal durability of structural elements, experimental tests and simulations are required to determine the influence of various factors. Such factors include, among others, the impact of microstructures, voids, notches, the environment, etc. Research carried out in this field and the results obtained are necessary to guide development toward the receipt of new and advanced materials that meet the requirements of the designers. This Special Issue aims to provide the data, models and tools necessary to provide structural integrity and perform lifetime prediction based on the stress (strain) state and, finally, the increase in fatigue cracks in the material
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  • 75
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book
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  • 76
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036505800 , 9783036505817
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, in its most severe form results in a rapidly progressive, neonatal-onset skeletal and cardiomyopathy, leading to early infantile death without treatment. The development of treatment with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy radically transformed the clinical trajectory of those affected, enabling long-term ventilator-free survival with resolution of cardiomyopathy. These positive clinical outcomes resulted in the implementation of newborn screening programs for Pompe disease across the world. This Special Issue highlights some of the experiences of Pompe screening programs worldwide and discusses public policy and ethical issues elicited by presymptomatic screening for Pompe disease
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  • 77
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036526140 , 9783036526157
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Energy and the environment are irrevocably interrelated, and they are critical factors that influence the development of societies. The pollution of the environment without considering various consequences has become one of the most important global issues today. This environmental pollution is mainly the result of increases in economic activities, population, transportation, electricity generation, agriculture, forestry, and land use. The exigency of energy for these activities, the rapidly rising price of petroleum oil, the harmful effect of greenhouse gases, and the quest for energy security have steered our attention towards sustainable sources of energy. It is fundamental to find innovative solutions that are sustainable from the perspective of energy management and environmental protection. This book includes three review articles which review the state-of-the-art of different sustainable energy resources. These articles include ammonia as a renewable energy carrier, integration of solar photovoltaic, and bio-oil from waste tires for automotive engine application. In addition, eight research studies reveal new knowledge about energy for a sustainable future. The topics covered span many diverse areas associated with sustainable energy, including various biofuels, photovoltaic, and other aspects of sustainability. These complementary contributions provide a substantial body of knowledge in the field of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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  • 78
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517483 , 9783036517476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book gathers selected research on the preparation, characterization and application of new organic/inorganic composites endowed with photo(electro)catalytic properties for the photocatalytic production of H2. In these pilot studies, the photoactive materials were tested under either UV-visible or, even more conveniently, under visible light for H2 evolution in “sacrificial water splitting” or “photoreforming” systems. In addition, a review article on the use of 2D materials and composites as potential photocatalysts for water splitting is included
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  • 79
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439553 , 9783039439560
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The Building sector requires a conspicuous considerable amount of energy for services related to annual air-conditioning and the thermal comfort of indoor spaces. The design of highly efficient low-energy buildings is often a challenging task, especially in the mediterranean area, where the balanced requirement for heating and cooling energy does not usually permit a high level of envelope insulation in order to avoid summer overheating. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to “High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area: Challenges and Perspectives” and collects studies related to the assessment and evaluation of systems and technologies for building energy management and control in the Mediterranean climate, with the aim of optimizing the building–plant system and reducing energy use. This collection of papers presents the latest research results related to the topic; these articles offer valuable insights into the energy simulation of highly efficient buildings, propose innovative envelope solutions, such as green roofs, Trombe walls, and PCM, and investigate the use of renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems. The topics also include the innovative use and control of Venetian blinds and fixed solar shades in order to reduce energy consumption and preserve visual comfort, as well as an interesting economic analysis based on the cost-optimal approach
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  • 80
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511771 , 9783036511764
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Kurzfassung: The rapid increase in new power electronic devices and converters for electric transportation and smart grid technologies requires a deepanalysis of their component performances, considering all of the different environmental scenarios, overload conditions, and high stressoperations. Therefore, evaluation of the reliability and availability of these devices becomes fundamental both from technical and economicalpoints of view. The rapid evolution of technologies and the high reliability level offered by these components have shown that estimating reliability through the traditional approaches is difficult, as historical failure data and/or past observed scenarios demonstrate. With the aim topropose new approaches for the evaluation of reliability, in this book, eleven innovative contributions are collected, all focusedon the reliability assessment of power electronic devices and related components
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  • 81
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524795 , 9783036524788
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed
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  • 82
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511702 , 9783036511719
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Kurzfassung: Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems
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  • 83
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036527055 , 9783036527048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book discusses the latest developments in the surface engineering of C/N/O functionalized materials, including both experimental and theoretical studies on heat treatment and surface engineering of metals, ceramics, and polymers
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  • 84
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036507385 , 9783036507392
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Electrochemical energy systems can successfully exploit beneficial characteristics of electrolyte and/or electrode membranes due to their intriguing peculiarities that make them well-established, standard components in devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flow batteries. Therefore, more and more researchers are attracted by these challenging yet important issues regarding the performance and behavior of the final device. This Special Issue of Membranes offers scientists and readers involved in these topics an appealing forum to bring and summarize the forthcoming Research & Development results, which stipulates that the composite electrolyte/electrode membranes should be tailored for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Various key aspects, such as synthesis/preparation of materials/components, investigation of the physicochemical and electrochemical properties, understanding of phenomena within the materials and electrolyte/electrode interface, and device manufacturing and performance, were presented and discussed using key research teams from internationally recognized experts in these fields
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  • 85
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511481 , 9783036511498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This new MDPI book should be of interest to a wide range of readers. Students of a variety of faculties, employees of the food industry, producers of functional food, farmers, and nutritionists will certainly be interested. The book provides new information on legumes, their nutritional value, the content of biologically active compounds, and changes in the activity of these compounds as a result of the application of various technological processes. The book will not only increase the knowledge of readers but also potentially motivate them to change their diets by including legumes on the menu. According to nutritionists' recommendations, such a change has a positive effect on health
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9783036519685 , 9783036519692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Mathematical models have been frequently studied in recent decades, in order to obtain the deeper properties of real-world problems. In particular, if these problems, such as finance, soliton theory and health problems, as well as problems arising in applied science and so on, affect humans from all over the world, studying such problems is inevitable. In this sense, the first step in understanding such problems is the mathematical forms. This comes from modeling events observed in various fields of science, such as physics, chemistry, mechanics, electricity, biology, economy, mathematical applications, and control theory. Moreover, research done involving fractional ordinary or partial differential equations and other relevant topics relating to integer order have attracted the attention of experts from all over the world. Various methods have been presented and developed to solve such models numerically and analytically. Extracted results are generally in the form of numerical solutions, analytical solutions, approximate solutions and periodic properties. With the help of newly developed computational systems, experts have investigated and modeled such problems. Moreover, their graphical simulations have also been presented in the literature. Their graphical simulations, such as 2D, 3D and contour figures, have also been investigated to obtain more and deeper properties of the real world problem
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  • 87
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036525068 , 9783036525075
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue addresses a topic of great relevance. In developed countries, there is a higher prevalence of people choosing to spend time indoors. Data show that the time a person spends at home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping, though this varies depending on the individual. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, impacting the health of its inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world: various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency can contribute to healthy architecture; poor application of these parameters can result in conditions that negatively impact health
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  • 88
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036525655 , 9783036525648
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book collects six papers published in the Agronomy Special Issue "New Advances on Nutrients Recovery from Agro-Industrial and Livestock Wastes for Sustainable Farming" that aim to furnish new information on nutrients recovery from organic wastes
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  • 89
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036507026 , 9783036507033
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: In this book, nine papers focusing on different fields of power electronics are gathered, all of which are in line with the present trends in research and industry. Given the generality of the Special Issue, the covered topics range from electrothermal models and losses models in semiconductors and magnetics to converters used in high-power applications. In this last case, the papers address specific problems such as the distortion due to zero-current detection or fault investigation using the fast Fourier transform, all being focused on analyzing the topologies of high-power high-density applications, such as the dual active bridge or the H-bridge multilevel inverter. All the papers provide enough insight in the analyzed issues to be used as the starting point of any research. Experimental or simulation results are presented to validate and help with the understanding of the proposed ideas. To summarize, this book will help the reader to solve specific problems in industrial equipment or to increase their knowledge in specific fields
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  • 90
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036517803 , 9783036517797
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on procedures and methodologies developed to improve energy and environmental performance through building renovation. We are greatly thankful to our colleagues building physics experts, building technology researchers, and urban environment scholars who contributed to this Special Issue, for sharing their original works in the field
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  • 91
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520230 , 9783036520247
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both—alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource—such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source—geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity’s environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, “New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems”, addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy
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  • 92
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036509709 , 9783036509716
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the papers accepted into the Special Issue “Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels” and includes nine contributions to this Special Issue published in 2020. The overall aim of the collection is to improve knowledge about the most relevant and recent topics in ship stability and seakeeping. Specifically, the articles cover a wide range of topics and reflect the recent scientific efforts in the 2nd generation intact stability criteria evaluation and modelling of the ship dynamics assessment in intact or damaged conditions. These topics were investigated mainly through direct assessments performed both via numerical methods and tools, and experimental approaches. The book is addressed to individuals from universities, research organizations, industry, government agencies and certifying authorities, as well as designers, operators and owners who contribute to improved knowledge about “stability and seakeeping”
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  • 93
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036521176 , 9783036521183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials
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  • 94
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036524481 , 9783036524498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Coatings are traditionally used to protect materials from corrosion and erosion and improve the equipment’s performance. At present, there are coatings that provide materials with new properties, for example, biocidal, hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. A promising area of materials science is the development of "smart" coatings that simultaneously give materials several new properties. The coating propertiess are determined by the coatings’ material, the structure and the properties of the substrate surface, and the methods of forming the coatings. This book contains the results of the latest research on the formation of coatings that impart complexes of new properties to various materials
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9783036517940 , 9783036517933
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Biomass can be used as feedstock for the production of biomaterials, chemicals, platform molecules and biofuels. It is the most reliable alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Within the framework of the circular economy, resource recovery from organic waste, including sewage sludge, biowaste, manure and slaughterhouse waste, is particularly useful, as it helps saving resources while reducing environmental pollution. In contrast to energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for food production; therefore, they represent an important source of biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts. However, biomass may require a pretreatment step in order to enhance its conversion into valuable products in terms of process yield and/or productivity. Furthermore, a pretreatment step may be mandatory for waste management (i.e., animal by-products).Pretreatment technologies are applied upstream of various conversion processes of biomass into biofuels or biomaterials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane, biomolecules or bioproducts. Pretreatments may include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological techniques, which represent a crucial, cost-intensive step for the development of biorefineries. Thus, research is needed to help identify the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly pretreatment options for each feedstock. This Special Issue aims to gather recent developments of biomass pretreatments for bioproduct and biofuel production
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  • 96
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036518671 , 9783036518688
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The conceptual territory of religious tourism is fluid. While recreation and leisure-based motivation and behaviors are evident in religious tourism, this volume reiterates its rootedness in tenets from religious traditions and pilgrimages. Using fresh perspectives on place-stories, rituals, performances, that are central to pilgrimage and sacred sites, essays in this volume explain contemporary expressions of religious tourism and illustrate the dynamic nature of religious tourism as an ecosystem embedded in religious practices, rituals and performances. The explanations will benefit researchers and practioners alike and they can find numerous examples that show the significance of religious tourism for sustainable development of destinations
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  • 97
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036519081 , 9783036519098
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Size reduction processes represent a significant part of the capital as well as the operating cost in ore processing. Advancing the understanding of and improving such processes is worthwhile since any measurable enhancement may lead to benefits, which may materialize as reductions in energy consumption or wear or improved performance in downstream processes. This book contains contributions dealing with various aspects of comminution, including those intended to improve our current level of understanding and quantification of particle breakage and ore characterization techniques that are relevant to size reduction, as well as studies involving modeling and simulation techniques. The affiliations of the authors of the articles published in this book span 14 countries around the globe, which attests to the highly international nature of research in this field. The themes of the manuscripts also vary widely, from several that are more focused on experimental studies to those that deal, in greater detail, with the development and application of modeling and simulation techniques in comminution. Size reduction technologies more directly addressed in the manuscripts include jaw crushing, vertical shaft impact crushing, SAG milling, stirred milling, planetary milling, and vertical roller milling. Ores involved directly in the investigations include those of copper, lead–zinc, gold, and iron as well as coal, talc, and quartz
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  • 98
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500683 , 9783036500690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue provides an update on the most recent research and developments in the area of freeze-drying technology in foods. It presents a combination of experimental and modeling studies, offering an overview of oncoming challenges and opportunities on the topic
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  • 99
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036514833 , 9783036514840
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (502 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Despite the enormous technical progress seen in the past few years, the maturity of indoor localization technologies has not yet reached the level of GNSS solutions. The 23 selected papers in this book present the recent advances and new developments in indoor localization systems and technologies, propose novel or improved methods with increased performance, provide insight into various aspects of quality control, and also introduce some unorthodox positioning methods
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  • 100
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036511504 , 9783036511511
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing. The recent advances in biotechnology and bioprocessing have generated a number of new biological products that require more qualified analytical technologies for diverse process analytical needs. These includes especially fast and sensitive measurement technology that, early in the process train, can inform on critical process parameters related to process economy and product quality and that can facilitate ambitions of designing efficient integrated end-to-end bioprocesses. This book covers these topics as well as analytical monitoring methods based either on real-time or in-line sensor technology, on simple and compact bioanalytical devices, or on the use of advanced data prediction methods
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