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  • Online-Ressource  (19)
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1988  (19)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (19)
  • London : Routledge
  • Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
  • s.l. : WRR
  • Science Philosophy  (15)
  • Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax  (4)
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  • Online-Ressource  (19)
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  • 1985-1989  (19)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Anaphora in Celtic and Universal Grammar (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927193
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Celtic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. The Descriptive and Theoretical Goals -- 1.2. An Overview of Government Binding Theory -- 1.3. An Overview of the Major Results of This Study -- 2 Celtic Agreement, the Avoid Pronoun Principle, and Binding Theory -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Breton Agreement Markers Determined by the Avoid Pronoun Principle -- 2.3. Generalizing the Analysis of Breton Agreement to Welsh -- 2.4. Evidence from the Binding Theory: Breton and Welsh Have a Null AGR -- 2.5. AGR as a SUBJECT for the Binding Theory -- 3 Raising and Passivization in Breton: An Argument for Anaphoric Traces -- 3.1. The Theoretical Status of Anaphoric Traces -- 3.2. The Breton Raising to Subject Construction -- 3.3. Raising Structures Parallel Passive Structures -- 3.4. Breton Raising and Pseudopassive: Further Implications -- 3.5. Conclusion -- 4 PRO-INFL and Reduced Structures -- 4.1. Reduced Structures Have Missing INFLs -- 4.2. Some INFLs Missing in Welsh and English Are PRO-INFL -- 4.3. Corroborating Evidence for the PRO-INFL Analysis -- 4.4. Contraction and Reduced Structures -- 4.5. A Competing Analysis -- 4.6. Breton is Consistent with the PRO-INFL Analysis -- 5 Government and the Connection Between Relative Pronouns, Complementizers and Subjacency -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Relative Pronouns in English -- 5.3. Relative Pronouns Are Pronominal Anaphors -- 5.4. Welsh and Breton Lack Relative Pronouns -- 5.5. Competing Analyses and Other Arguments -- 5.6. Conclusion -- 6 The Interaction of Government Theory with Synthetic Agreement -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The ECP Gives a Unified Treatment of Complementizers and Agreement in Welsh Movement Structures -- 6.3. Two Asymmetries in Breton and Welsh Extraction -- 6.4. Welsh and Breton Extraction from Negatives -- 6.5. Competing Analyses and Arguments -- 6.6. Subject-Object Asymmetries at LF and the ECP -- 6.7. Conclusion -- References -- Index of Languages -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This book is based in large part on fieldwork that I conducted in Brittany and Wales in 1983 and 1985. I am thankful for a Fulbright Award for Research in Western Europe and a Faculty Development Award from the University of North Carolina that funded that fieldwork. lowe a less tangible, but no less real, debt to Steve Anderson, G. M. Awbery, Steve Harlow and Jim McCloskey whose work initially sparked my interest, and led me to undertake this project. I want to thank Joe Emonds and Alec Marantz who read portions of Chapter 3 and 5. I am particularly grateful though to Kathleen Flanagan, Frank Heny and two anonymous referees who read a dyslexic and schizophrenic manuscript, providing me with criticisms that improved this final version considerably. The Welsh nationalist community in Aberstwyth and its Breton coun­ terpart in Quimper helped make the time I spent in Wales and Brittany productive. I am indebted to Thomas Davies, Partick Favreau, Lukian Kergoat, Sue Rhys, John Williams and Beatrice among others for sharing their knowledge of their languages with me. Catrin Davies and Martial Menard were especially patient and helpful. Without their assistance this work would have been infinitely poorer. I am hopeful that this book will help stimulate more interest in the Celtic languages and culture, and assist, even in a small way, those in Wales and Brittany who struggle to keep their language and culture strong.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2719-3
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  • 2
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    Online-Ressource
    Probability in the Sciences (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400930612
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 201
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Logical, Methodological and Philosophical Aspects of Probability -- Probability: A Composite Concept -- Two Faces and three Masks of Probability -- Ambiguous Uses of Probability -- Some Logical Distinctions Exploited by Differing Analyses of Pascalian Probability -- Probability and Confirmation -- Chance, Cause and the State-Space Approach -- World as System Self-synthesized by Quantum Networking -- A Brief Note on the Relationship between Probability, Selective Strategies and Possible Models -- 2: Probability, Statistics and Information -- Critical Replications for Statistical Design -- The Contribution of A.N. Kolmogorov to the Notion of Entropy -- The Probability of Singular Events -- Probability, Randomness and Information -- 3: Probability in the Natural Sciences -- Probability, Organization and Evolution in Biochemistry -- Relativity and Probability, Classical and Quantal -- Probabilistic Ontology and Space-Time: Updating an Historical Debate -- Probability and the Mystery of Quantum Mechanics -- Probability and Determinism in Quantum Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Probability has become one of the most characteristic con­ cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in­ tellectual life. However it would be difficult to determine an explicit list of 'positive' features, to be proposed as identifica­ tion marks of this way of thinking. One would rather say that it is characterized by certain 'negative' features, i. e. by certain at­ titudes which appear to be the negation of well established tra­ ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, world outlooks and the like. It is because of this opposition to tradition that the probabilistic approach is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in­ tellectual style. As an example one could mention the widespread diffidence in philosophy with respect to self -contained systems claiming to express apodictic truths, instead of which much weaker pretensions are preferred, that express 'probable' interpretations of reality, of history, of man (the hermeneutic trend). An ana­ logous example is represented by the interest devoted to the study of different patterns of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which rely not so much on the truth of the premisses and stringent formal logic links, but on a display of contextual conditions (depending on the audience, and on accepted stan­ dards, judgements, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions more 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3061-2
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  • 3
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    Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400926998
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Kurzfassung: Prologue -- The Semantics of Clocks -- I / Ontological Foundations -- The Pseudorealization Fallacy and the Chinese Room Argument -- In Praise of Narrow Minds: The Frame Problem -- Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding -- Signs and Minds: An Introduction to the Theory of Semiotic Systems -- Logic for the New AI -- II / Epistemological Dimensions -- Artificial Intelligence is Philosophy -- Artificial Intelligence as an Experimental Science -- Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog -- When is Reasoning Nonmonotonic? -- Artificial Intelligence and Effective Epistemology -- Maintaining an Inductive Database -- Epilogue -- Automating Creativity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subject.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta­ tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2699-8
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  • 4
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    The Ideal and the Real : An Outline of Kant’s Theory of Space, Time and Mathematical Construction (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400914155
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 37
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One Prologue: Newton and Leibniz -- 1.1. Newton on Space, Time and Metaphysics -- 1.2. Leibniz: The Ideal and the Real -- Two Kant’s Theory of Space and Time -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Concepts and Definitions -- 2.3. Kant’s Anti-logicist programme -- 2.4. Transcendental Aesthetic -- 2.5. Construction and Schematism -- 2.6. Spaces and Geometries -- 2.7. Incongruent Counterparts & the Intuitive Nature of Space -- 2.8. Infinity: Reason and Experience -- 2.9. Transcendental Idealism -- Three Acts, Intuitions and Constructions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Concepts, Intuitions and the Schematism -- 3.3. Kant’s Constructivism -- 3.4. Incongruity and Constructions -- 3.5. Indirect Proof -- Notes -- Notes on Further Reading.
    Kurzfassung: Many students coming to grips with Kant's philosophy are understandably daunted not only by the complexity and sheer difficulty of the man's writings, but almost equally by the amount of secondary literature available. A great deal of this seems to be - and not only on first reading - just about as difficult as the work it is meant to make more accessible. Any writer deliberately setting out to provide an authentically introductory text thus faces a double problem: how to provide an exegesis which would capture some of the spirit of the original, without gross and misleading over-simplification; and secondly, how to anchor the argument in the best and most imaginative secondary literature, yet avoid the whole project appearing so fragmented as to make the average book of chess openings seem positively austere. Until fairly recently, matters were made even more difficul t, in that commentaries on Kant were very often of a whole work, say, The Critique of Pure Reason, with the result that students would have to struggle through a very great deal of material indeed in order to feel any confidence at all that they had begun to understand the original writings. Recently, things have changed somewhat. There are now excellent commentaries on "Kant's Analytic", "Kant's Analogies" etc. . We have also seen, (at least as reflected in book titles), a resurgence of interest in what is perhaps the most controversial and far-reaching Kantian claim, viz.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1415-5
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  • 5
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    Science in Reflection : The Israel Colloquium: Studies in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science Volume 3 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400929579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (239p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 110
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 110
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories -- Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories: A Comment -- Cognitive Limits of Science -- How Philosophy and Science Came to Differ -- The Nature and Scope of Rational-Choice Explanation -- Rational-Choice Explanation — The Limits to Grounding: A Comment -- Realism Versus Anti-Realism: What Is the Issue? -- Epistemic and Semantic Reflections on Scientific Realism: A Comment -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? A Comment -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger: A Comment -- The Era of Independent Inventors -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847 -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847: A Comment -- The Earliest Missionaries of the Copenhagen Spirit -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science presents before you its third volume of proceedings. The philosophy section of the volume has three main foci: the scientific explanation (Hempel and Ben-Menachem, Elster and Dascal); realism in science (Cohen and Zemach) and its implications for the problem of universals (Armstrong and Bar-Elli); and the question of demarcation: the dividing line between science and philosophy (KrUger), as well as the cognitive limits of science (Stent). There is no neat separation in this volume between essays on the history of science and those on the sociology of science, and perhaps properly so. Thus, Lenoir's contribution is a clear example of the way the two disciplines combine and interrelate. Joseph Ben-David's comment on this lecture was among the last things he wrote, knowing full well that his days were numbered. Reading his contribution imparts a strong sense of loss, the loss of a great sociologist and a wise man. Not only history, however, but also historiography is a subject for reflection in this volume (Freudenthal and Kerszberg). And, finally, a couple of articles convey the sense of fascination with science as a story (Heilbron, Hughes). We have by now come to expect from the investigations reported in the Israel Colloquium series not surface unity of theme and method, but rather an underlying common commitment and zest for the scientific enterprise at its best. The third volume hopes to join the first two in footing this bill.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2957-9
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  • 6
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    Verb Phrase Syntax: A Parametric Study of English and Spanish : A Parametric Study of English and Spanish (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 13
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The Principles-and-Parameters Model and the Verb Phrase -- 1.1. From the Generative Tradition to Principles-and-Parameters -- 1.2. V* Constructions -- 1.3. $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 1.4. Predication -- 1.5. Subcategorization and Theta-Theory -- Notes -- 2 Auxiliary Verbs in $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Arguments for VP with Auxiliaries as Specifiers -- 2.3. Auxiliaries as Heads of Full Phrases -- 2.4. Specifiers and Adjuncts of Layered VP -- 2.5. Clausal-Type Restrictions on Occurrences of Aspectuals -- 2.6. Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 Licensing of VP -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Predication and the Distribution of VP -- 3.3. Theta-marking of VP by INFL -- 3.4. Subcategorization Licensing and the Argumenthood of VP -- 3.5. Auxiliaries and Head-Head Agreement -- 3.6. The Verbal Case Hypothesis -- Appendix: Syntactic Aspect and the Distribution of VP and AP -- Notes -- 4 Proper Government of VP -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Tense-Government -- 4.3. INFL and Tense-Identification -- 4.4. Antecedentless Null VP (VP-Deletion) -- 4.5. Null VP and Auxiliary Clitics (Contraction) -- 4.6. Clitics and Proper Government -- 4.7. VP-Preposing -- Notes -- 5 Structure of VP in Spanish -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Spanish Aspectual and Copular Verbs -- 5.3. The Verbal Complex Hypothesis -- 5.4. Arguments for Standard Phrasal Structure for Auxiliaries -- 5.5. Summary and Discussion -- Notes -- 6 V0 Chains and Government of VP in Spanish -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Issues -- 6.3. Movement of Non-defective (Main) Verbs -- 6.4. V0 Movement of Haber + Participle -- 6.5. Movement of Estar and Ser -- 6.6. Temporal Role Assignment and Agreement in Declaratives -- Notes -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This study is concerned with the structure of verb phrases in English and Spanish, and with syntactic processes involving VP and Vo. A primary focus of attention is auxiliary verbs. It is argued that the structure dominating these verbs is essentially the same in English and Spanish, as is the structure dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each language. It must be concluded that the occurrence of distinct syntactic processes affecting auxiliaries and other VP constituents in the two languages does not follow from parametrization of phrase structure. It is argued that similarities between the two languages with respect to the composition of so-called "V*" constructions derive from the fact that VP is licensed under both clauses of the Principle of Full Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. Distinct syntactic processes in English and Spanish are argued to follow from the fact that there are inflectional features related to each of these licensing conditions (including specification for [ ± PAST) and nominal person/number features) which affect government relations in distinct ways, resulting in parametrization of S-structure representa­ tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreCiatIOn to the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Washington for support for preparation of the final manuscript, and to the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese at the University of Virginia for a leave during which much of this research was accomplished.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2717-9
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  • 7
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    Theory and Experiment : Recent Insights and New Perspectives on Their Relation (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928756
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 195
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Systematic Analyses -- Do Experiments Depend on Theories or Theories on Experiments? -- On Experimental Questions -- II. The Roles of Experiment: Theory Generation and Theory Testing -- Reconstructing Science: Discovery and Experiment -- The Role of Experiment and Theory in the Development of Nuclear Physics in the Early 1930’s -- Empirical Support for the Corpuscular Theory in the Seventeenth Century -- Theory and Experiment in the Early Writings of Johan Baptist Van Helmont -- The Significance of Empirical Evidence for Developments in the Foundations of Decision Theory -- Testing Freudian Hypotheses -- Experiment, Theory Choice, and the Duhem-Quine Problem -- III. The Role of Theoretical Conceptions -- Physical Reality and Closed Theories in Werner Heisenberg’s Early Papers -- Experiment and Theory in Ptolemy’s Optics -- Newton’s and Goethe’s Colour Theories — Contradictory or Complementary Approaches? -- On the Structure of Physics as a Science -- Models and Interpretation in Human Sciences: Anthropology and the Theoretical Notion of Field -- On the Dynamics of Scientific Paradigms -- Breaking the Link between Methodology and Rationality. A plea for Rhetoric in Scientific Inquiry -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This is not "another collection of contributions on a traditional subject." Even more than we dared to expect during the preparatory stages, the papers in this volume prove that our thinking about science has taken a new turn and has reached a new stage. The progressive destruction of the received view has been a fascinating and healthy experience. At present, the period of destruction is over. A richer and more equilibrated analysis of a number of problems is possible and is being cru'ried out. In this sense, this book comes right on time. We owe a lot to the scholars of the Kuhnian period. They not only did away with obstacles, but in several respects instigated a shift in attention that changed history and philosophy of science in a irreversible way. A c1earcut example - we borrow it from the paper by Risto Hilpinen - concerns the study of science as a process, Rnd not only as a result. Moreover, they apparently reached several lasting results, e.g., concerning the tremendous impact of theoretical conceptions on empirical data. Apart from baffling people for several decades, this insight rules out an­ other return to simple-minded empiricism in the future.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2875-6
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  • 8
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    Contemporary Yugoslav Philosophy: The Analytic Approach (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928213
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 36
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Preface -- Solution of the Staccato Version of the Achilles Paradox -- Pacifism: Is Its Moral Foundation Possible or Needed ? -- The Role of General Terms in Singling Out the Referent of a Demonstrative -- Philosophy and Pain Research -- A Defence of Rights-Duties Correlativism -- Scientific Discovery: Is It a Legitimate Subject for the Philosopher of Science ? -- Hegel and Logic -- Temporal Modalities and Modal Tense Operators -- Causal Propositions and Essential Properties -- Internalism and Intentionality -- Scientific Persuasion -- Is the Evil Daemon a Sceptical Device ? -- Why Wont Syntactic Naturalization of Belief do? -- An Argument Against Theism -- A Relativistic Criticism of Realism -- Deliberation, Practical Wisdom and the Self in the Nicomachean Ethics -- A Select Bibliography of Yugoslav Analytic Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this collection is to present the work of Yugoslav philosophers who approach philosophy in a analytic manner. I have sought contributions from all philosophers of whom I knew to be working in this tradition. Not all sent their contributions; but I should say that the majority did. As a consequence of so wide an appeal, the papers published here exhibit not only a variety of topics but also differences in quality. This, I think, is to be expected given that the aim is to present the work of a group of philosophers who share only a poorly defined and general approach to philosophy. Of many people who have helped me bring out this collection, I can mention only a few. Jovan Babic gave me, as usual, sound advice and helped me to establish and maintain contact with the contributors in Yugoslavia. Milos Arsenijevic rounded up the recalcitrant contributors and constantly recruited new ones. And Svetlana Knjazev encouraged me - perhaps unwittingly - to persevere by her yarns of the old times in which there was no analytic philosophy in Yugoslavia. And Down Under, Steve Glaister checked the English, Nancy Simmons patiently typed the manuscripts into a rather temperamental word-processor, Mitjana Djukic proof-read them and Dean Davidson of the Macquarie University Computing Centre helped us to get them printed. To all of them many thanks.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2821-3
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  • 9
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    Problems in Historical Epistemology (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400914216
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 191
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Epistemological Cognition as Historical Cognition -- 1.1. Factographical Versus Theoretical Historicism -- 1.2. Framework Regularities -- 1.3. Assumptions of Historical Epistemology -- 1.4. The Relation Born by General Statements of Historical Epistemology on Methodological Norms and Directives -- Notes -- 2 / The Relation of Correspondence -- 2.1. Literal Reference -- 2.2. The Characteristics of Essentially Corrective (Strict) Correspondence -- 2.3. Remarks of Traditional Understandings of Correspondence -- 2.4. An Example of Essentially Corrective Correspondence, A Debate with the Views of P. K. Feyerabend -- Notes -- 3 / The Opposition of Theory and Experience -- 3.1. ‘Dogma of Empiricism’ -- 3.2. Performed Action as the Essentially Corrected Correspondence Rendering of Undertaken Action -- 3.3 Two Kinds of Opposition of Theory and Experience: The Relative and the Absolute -- Notes -- 4 / The Duhem-Quine Thesis -- 4.1. The Comprehensive Instrumentalism of W. V. Quine -- 4.2. The Comprehensive Instrumentalism of W. V Quine from the Viewpoint of Historical Epistemology -- Notes -- 5 / Althusser’s Instrumentalism -- 5.1. A Marxist Variant of Theoretical Historicism Methodology -- 5.2. Althusser’s Conception of Historical Materialism -- 5.3. ‘Anti-Empiricism’ as a Consequence of the ‘Methodologically’ Instrumentalist Interpretation of Historical Materialism -- Notes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1421-6
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  • 10
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    Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400913370
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (486p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 35
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    Schlagwort(e): Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Kurzfassung: Seperating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic Theories -- Applicability of Indexed Grammars to Natural Languages -- A Natural Language Toolkit: Reconciling Theory with Practice -- An Extension of LR-Parsing for Lexical Functional Grammar -- An Efficiency-Oriented LFG Parser -- Parsing with a GB-Grammar -- Combining Categorial Grammar and Unification -- A feature-Based Categorial Morpho-Syntax for Japanese -- The Treatment of the French adjectif détaché in Lexical Functional Grammar -- Some Problems of Coordination in German -- German Word Order and Universal Grammar -- Nonlocal-Dependencies and Infinitival Constructions in German -- GPSG and German Word Order -- Nested Cooper Storage: The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary Noun Phrases -- Compositional Semantics for LFG.
    Kurzfassung: presupposition fails, we now give a short introduction into Unification Grammar. Since all implementations discussed in this volume use PROLOG (with the exception of BlockjHaugeneder), we felt that it would also be useful to explain the difference between unification in PROLOG and in UG. After the introduction to UG we briefly summarize the main arguments for using linguistic theories in natural language processing. We conclude with a short summary of the contributions to this volume. UNIFICATION GRAMMAR 3 Feature Structures or Complex Categories. Unification Grammar was developed by Martin Kay (Kay 1979). Martin Kay wanted to give a precise defmition (and implementation) of the notion of 'feature'. Linguists use features at nearly all levels of linguistic description. In phonetics, for instance, the phoneme b is usually described with the features 'bilabial', 'voiced' and 'nasal'. In the case of b the first two features get the value +, the third (nasal) gets the value -. Feature­ value pairs in phonology are normally represented as a matrix. bilabial: + voiced: + I nasal: - [Feature matrix for b.] In syntax features are used, for example, to distinguish different noun classes. The Latin noun 'murus' would be characterized by the following feature-value pairs: gender: masculin, number: singular, case: nominative, pred: murus. Besides a matrix representation one frequently fmds a graph representation for feature value pairs. The edges of the graph are labelled by features. The leaves denote the value of a feature.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-1337-0
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  • 11
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    Philosophy, History and Social Action : Essays in Honor of Lewis Feuer with an autobiographic essay by Lewis Feuer (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928732
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (494p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 107
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 107
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: A Narrative of Personal Events and Ideas -- List of Published Writings of Lewis Feuer -- On the Reality of Economic Illusion -- Institutional Economics as an Ideological Movement -- Generalization, Value-Judgment and Causal Explanation in History -- Theory and Practice: An Unsteady Dichotomy? -- Development and Underdevelopment: Conflicting Pespectives on the Third World -- Occupational Mobility: A Personal Perspective -- From Animism to Rationalism -- Toward Greater Equality -- Left-Wing Fascism and Right-Wing Communism: The Fission-Fusion Effect in American Extremist Ideologies -- The Nature of Bronson Alcott -- Is Marxism a Religion? -- Judaism in the Culture of Modernism -- Panteleimon Kulish — A Ukrainian Romantic Conservative -- Idea (English and Polish Versions) -- Organizational Weapons and Political Sects -- Millenarianism in England, Holland and America: Jewish and Christian Relations in England, Holland and Newport, Rhode Island -- John Dewey’s Philosophy of War and Peace -- To L.F. from V.C.R., 1984 -- China Today: Retreat from Mao and Return to Marx? -- Life and Work: A Biography of Lord Kelvin Reconsidered -- The Case of Lewis S. Feuer, Crime Writer -- After Strange Gods: Radical Jews in Modern America -- The Concept of Alienation Revisited -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Two articles by Lewis Feuer caught my attention in the '40s when 1 was wondering, asa student physicist, about the relations of physics to philosophy and to the world in turmoil. One was his essay on 'The Development of Logical Empiricism' (1941), and the other his critical review of Philipp Frank's biography of Einstein, 'Philosophy and the Theory of Relativity' (1947). How extraordinary it was to find so intelligent, independent, critical, and humane a mind; and furthermore he went further, as I soon realized when I looked for his name on other publications. I recall arguing with myself over his exploration of 'Indeterminacy and Economic Development' (1948), and even more when I read his 'Dialectical Materialism and Soviet Science' (1949). More papers, and then the fascinating, sometimes irritating, always insightful, books. His monograph on Psychoanalysis and Ethics 1955, the beautiful sociological and humanist study of Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism (1958), his essays on 'The Social Roots of Einstein's Theory of Relativity' (1971) together with the book on Einstein and the Genera­ tions of Science (1974), the splendid reader from the works of Marx and Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy (1959) which was a major text of the '60s, the stimulating essays on the social formation which seems to have been required for a modern scientific movement to develop, set forth most convincingly in The Scientific Intellectual (1963).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2873-2
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  • 12
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    Causation, Chance and Credence : Proceedings of the Irvine Conference on Probability and Causation Volume 1 (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928633
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 41
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 41
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: A. On the Nature of Probabilistic Causation -- Causality Testing in a Decision Science -- Causal Tendency: A Review -- Intuitions: Good and Not-So-Good -- Response to Salmon -- Regular Associations and Singular Causes -- Eliminating Singular Causes: Reply to Nancy Cartwright -- Reply to Ellery Eells -- Probabilistic Causal Levels -- Probabilistic Causality in Space and Time -- B. Physical Probability, Degree of Belief, and De Finettis Theorem -- Symmetry and Its Discontents -- A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities -- Conditioning, Kinematics, and Ex-changeability -- Ergodic Theory and the Foundations of Probability -- Indexes.
    Kurzfassung: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine VII INTRODUCTION TO CAUSATION, CHANCE, AND CREDENCE The search for causes is so central to science that it has sometimes been taken as the defining attribute of the scientific enterprise. Yet even after twenty-five centuries of philosophical analysis the meaning of "cause" is still a matter of controversy, among scientists as well as philosophers. Part of the problem is that the servicable concepts of causation built out of Necessity, Sufficiency, Locality, and Temporal Precedence were constructed for a deterministic world-view which has been obsolete since the advent of quantum theory. A physically credible theory of causation must be, at basis, statistical. And statistical analyses of caus­ ation may be of interest even when an underlying deterministic theory is assumed, as in classical statistical mechanics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2863-3
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  • 13
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    Metaphysics and Philosophy of Science in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries : Essays in honour of Gerd Buchdahl (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400929975
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Gerd Buchdahl: Biographical and Bibliographical -- Gerd Buchdahl: A Tribute -- Nature and Science in the Renaissance -- Galileo and the Jesuits -- Descartes and the Rosicrucian Enlightenment -- Descartes’ Conception of Inference -- The Demarcation between Metaphysics and Other Disciplines in the Thought of Leibniz -- Leibniz and Occasionalism -- Vico’s Heroic Metaphor -- Dynamics and Intelligibility: Bernoulli and MacLaurin -- Sensible and Intelligible Worlds in Leibniz and Kant -- Transcendental Reasoning and the Indeterminacy of the Human Point of View -- Buchdahl and Rorty on Kant and the History of Philosophy -- The Early Reception of Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- The Enlightenment and the Chemical Revolution -- The Significance of Schelling’s “Epoch of a Wholly New Natural History”: An Essay on the Realization of Questions -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: The essays in this collection have been written for Gerd Buchdahl, by colleagues, students and friends, and are self-standing pieces of original research which have as their main concern the metaphysics and philosophy of science of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They focus on issues about the development of philosophical and scientific thought which are raised by or in the work of such as Bernoulli, Descartes, Galileo, Kant, Leibniz, Maclaurin, Priestly, Schelling, Vico. Apart from the initial bio-bibliographical piece and those by Robert Butts and Michael Power, they do not discuss Buchdahl or his ideas in any systematic, lengthy, or detailed way. But they are collected under a title which alludes to the book, Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science: The Classical Origins, Descartes to Kant (1969), which is central in the corpus of his work, and deal with the period and some of the topics with which that book deals.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2997-5
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  • 14
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    The Role of Case in Russian Syntax (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927032
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
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    Serie: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 10
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Russian language ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Overview of Case in Russian -- 1. Case in Russian -- 2. The Representation of Case -- 3. Assignment of Case -- 4. The Case of Adjectives -- 5. Agreement -- 6. Second Predicate Modifiers -- 2. Object Case Marking and The Genitive of Negation -- 1. Lexically Governed Alternation -- 2. Genitive of Negation -- 3. Distinct Mechanisms for Genitive Marking -- 4. Other Types of Negation -- 5. Scope, Interpretation, and Distribution of [+Q] -- 6. Accusative/Genitive Alternation and Polarity Sensitivity -- 7. The Feature [Q] and Semantics -- 8. Summary -- 3. Apparent Genitive Subjects Within the Scope of Negation -- 1. Demotion -- 2. Do Genitive Subjects Exist? -- 3. Formalization of the Rule of Demotion -- 4. Numeral Phrases and Quantifier Phrases -- 1. Numeral Phrases -- 2. Quantifier Phrases -- 3. Disagreement about Non-agreeing Phrases -- 4. One Million -- 5. Summary -- 5. Subject Case Marking and Case Agreement of Modifiers -- 1. Data -- 2. Adjuncts and Complements -- 3. Agreement and Control Relations -- 4. Comparison with Alternative Accounts -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Consequences for a Theory of Case -- 1. Long-Distance Phenomena and Control Relations -- 2. Toward a Theory of Russian Case -- 3. LFG and the Theory of Case -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix I: Abbreviations and Transliteration -- 1. List of Abbreviations for Sentence Glosses -- 2. Transliteration -- Appendix II: Declension Paradigms -- Appendix III: Lexical Functional Grammar -- 1. Organization -- 2. Phrase Structure Rules -- 3. Lexical Entries -- 4. Lexical Redundancy Rules -- 5. Functional Well-Formedness -- 6. Possible Rules -- 7. Theory of Control and Complementation -- 7.1. Complements vs. Adjuncts -- 7.2. Open Complements -- 7.3. Open Adjuncts -- 7.4. Closed Complements -- 7.5. Closed Adjuncts -- 7.6. The Constituency of Complements -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2703-2
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  • 15
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    Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics : Proceedings of the Irvine Conference on Probability and Causation (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928657
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / Decisions and Games -- Conditional Preference and Causal Expected Utility -- Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, a Defense of Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation -- Consistency and Decision: Variations on Ramseyan Themes -- Powers -- II / Rational Belief Change -- Causation and the Dynamics of Belief -- Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic Theory of Epistemic States -- The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of Holistic-Coherent Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems -- III / Statistics -- Four Themes in Statistical Explanation -- Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and Causal Modelling.
    Kurzfassung: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine Vll INTRODUCTION PART I: DECISIONS AND GAMES Causal notions have recently corne to figure prominently in discussions about rational decision making. Indeed, a relatively influential new approach to theorizing about rational choice has come to be called "causal decision theory". 1 Decision problems such as Newcombe's Problem and some versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma where an act counts as evidence for a desired state even though the agent knows his choice of that act cannot causally influence whether or not the state obtains have motivated causal decision theorists.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2865-7
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  • 16
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    Relativism and Realism in Science (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928770
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Some Issues Concerning Relativism and Realism in Science -- Does the Sociology of Science Discredit Science? -- It’s All in the Day’s Work: A Study of the Ethnomethodology of Science -- The Strong Sociology of Knowledge Without Relativism -- Evolutionary Epistemology and Relativism -- Are All Theories Equally Good? A Dialogue -- Realism and Descriptivism -- On a Dogma Concerning Realism and Incommensurability -- Realism in the Social Sciences: Social Kinds and Social Laws -- The Ultimate Argument for Scientific Realism -- Radical Pluralism — An Alternative to Realism, Anti-Realism and Relativism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2877-0
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  • 17
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    A Logical Theory of Teaching : Erotetics and Intentionality (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400930674
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophy and Education 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Education Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction: The Intentionalist Manifesto -- II. An Erotetic Concept of Teaching -- III. A Philosophical Critique of Process-Product Research in Teaching -- IV. Erotetic Logic and Teaching -- V. Erotetic Causation -- VI. Erotetic Teaching Strategies -- VII. Socratic and Erotetic Teaching -- VIII. Teachers’ Questions -- IX. Erotetics, Cognitive Psychology and the Process of Problem Solving -- X. Erotetic Prospects -- References -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Kurzfassung: happens, how it happens, and why it happens. Our assumption ought to be that this is as true in education as it is in atomic physics. But this leaves many other questions to answer. The crucial ones: What kind of science is proper or appropriate to education? How does it differ from physics? What is wrong with the prevai1~ ing, virtually unopposed research tradition in education? What could or should be done to replace it with a more adequate tradi­ tion? What concepts are necessary to describe and explain what we find there? It is in this realm that we find ourselves. Where to start? One place - our place, needless to say - is with one limited but central concept in education, teaching. A long philosophical tradition concerned with the nature of teaching goes back (along with everything else) to Plato, divulging most recent­ ly in the work of such philosophers as B. O. Smith, Scheffler, Hirst, Komisar, Green, McClellan, Soltis, Kerr, Fenstermacher, et al. An empirical tradition runs parallelto the philosophers -it has its most notable modern proponents in Gage, the Soars, Berliner, Rosen­ shine, but its roots can be traced to the Sophists. These two tradi­ tions have been at loggerheads over the centuries.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3067-4
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  • 18
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    Scrutinizing Science : Empirical Studies of Scientific Change (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400928558
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 193
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I -- Testing Theories of Scientific Change -- II: Case Studies -- 1. 17Th-Century Mechanics -- Galileo’s Copernicanism and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Newton’s Rejection of the Mechanical AEther: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Vortex Theory of Motion, 1687–1713: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- 2. Chemistry from the 18th to the 20th Centuries -- The Chemical Revolution: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Molecular Geometry in 19th-century France: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Kekulé’s Benzene Theory and the Appraisal of Scientific Theories -- Fermentation Theory: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Polywater Episode and the Appraisal of Theories -- 3. 19Th-Century Physics -- Ampère’s Electrodynamics and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Brownian Motion and the Appraisal of Theories -- The Michelson — Morley Experiment and the Appraisal of Theories -- 4. Recent Geological Theory -- Plate Tectonics and Inter-Theory Relations -- The Theory of an Expanding Earth and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- 5. 20th-Century Physics -- Planck’s Quantum Crisis and Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Electroweak Unification and the Appraisal of Theories -- Index of Thesis Citations and.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2855-8
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  • 19
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    Imre Lakatos and Theories of Scientific Change (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400930254
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 111
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 111
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: I -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: A Retrospect -- Deductive Heuristics -- Development of Science as a Change of Types -- Methodology and Ontology -- Imre Lakatos in China -- On the Characterization of Cognitive Progress -- II -- Continuity and Discontinuity in the Definition of a Disciplinary Field: The Case of XXth Century Physics -- Determinism, Probability and Randomness in Classical Statistical Physics -- The Emergence of a Research Programme in Classical Thermodynamics -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes and Some Developments in High Energy Physics -- Many-Particle Physics: Calculational Complications that Become a Blessing for Methodology -- The Relative Autonomy of Theoretical Science and the Role of Crucial Experiments in the Development of Superconductivity Theory -- III -- Lakatos on the Evaluation of Scientific Theories -- Methodological Sophisticationism: A Degenerating Project -- Through the Looking Glass: Philosophy, Research Programmes and the Scientific Community -- A Critical Consideration of the Lakatosian Concepts: “Mature” and “Immature” Science -- Bridge Structures and the Borderline Between the Internal and External History of Science -- IV -- Corroboration, Verisimilitude, and the Success of Science -- Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in PROLOG -- Louis Althusser and Joseph D. Sneed: A Strange Encounter in Philosophy of Science? -- On Incommensurability -- Partial Interpretation, Meaning Variance, and Incommensurability -- Scientific Discovery and Commensurability of Meaning -- V -- Proofs and Refutations: A Reassessment -- Counterfactual Reduction -- Research Programmes and Paradigms as Dialogue Structures -- Philosophy of Science and the Technological Dimension of Science -- Falsificationism Looked at from an “Economic” Point of View -- VI -- The Bayesian Alternative to the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes -- Frege and Popper: Two Critics of Psychologism -- Has Popper Been a Good Thing? -- Popper’s Propensities: An Ontological Interpretation of Probability.
    Kurzfassung: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3025-4
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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