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  • Online Resource  (136)
  • 2020-2024  (22)
  • 1985-1989  (136)
  • 1985  (136)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (68)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (45)
  • Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | London : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    ISSN: 0025-1496 , 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Edition: Digital. Ausg. München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Anthropological Society of London [Tb1] Memoirs read before the Anthropological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Ethnological Society Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Journal of anthropology
    Former Title: Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Former Title: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Subsequent Title: 1966 - 1994 aufgeg. in Man
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zusatz ab N.S. 1.1995 , Ersch. vierteljährl. , Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus; New York, NY : Johnson , Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a] : Blackwell ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 1548-7458 , ISSN 0192-6918 , ISSN 0276-6558 , ISSN 1046-7688 , ISSN 1053-7147 , ISSN 0192-6918 , ISSN 0276-6558 , ISSN 1046-7688 , ISSN 1053-7147
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Program in Ethnographic Film Newsletter
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Studies in visual communication
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Society for Visual Anthropology SVA newsletter
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Visual anthropology review
    Former Title: Program in ethnographic film
    Former Title: Newsletter / Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication
    Former Title: Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Former Title: Studies in visual communication
    Former Title: SVA newsletter / Society for Visual Anthropology
    Former Title: SVA review / Society for Visual Anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.04.2016
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | London : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    ISSN: 0025-1496 , 1359-0987 , 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Edition: München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum 2013-2018 Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    Additional Information: 1966 - 1994 aufgeg. in Man
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Anthropological Society of London [Tb1] Memoirs read before the Anthropological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Ethnological Society Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Journal of anthropology
    Former Title: Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Former Title: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Physiologie ; Medizin
    Note: Zusatz ab N.S. 1.1995 , Ersch. vierteljährl , Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus; New York, NY : Johnson , Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 1.1961 -
    ISSN: 1468-5906 , 0021-8294 , 0021-8294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1961 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal for the scientific study of religion
    DDC: 290
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Religionswissenschaft ; Religionswissenschaft
    Note: Gesehen am 07.04.2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arlington, Va. : American Ethnological Society | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 1548-1425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. American ethnologist
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 18.04.16
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (teilw. kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Taylor & Francis | Columbia, Mo. [u.a.] : Univ. of Missouri | Carbondale, Ill. : Midwest Sociologial Society | Greenwich, Conn. [u.a.] : JAI Press | Berkeley, Calif. : Univ. of Calif. Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 1533-8525 , 0038-0253 , 0038-0253
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1960 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The sociological quarterly
    Former Title: Vorg Midwest sociologist
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 05. Januar 2017
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Inst. | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley | London : George Philip and Son | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 36.1965 - 66.1975; N.S. 1.1976 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 1475-5661 , 0020-2754 , 0020-2754 , 0020-2754 , 0020-2754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 36.1965 - 66.1975; N.S. 1.1976 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Institute of British Geographers Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Transactions and papers
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Geografie ; Geografie
    Note: Gesehen am 16.11.23 , Urh. bis N.S. 19.1994: Institute of British Geographers 〈London〉
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell ; 1.1960; 2.1962 -
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    ISSN: 1467-9523 , 0038-0199 , 0038-0199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1960; 2.1962 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sociologia ruralis
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Agrarsoziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Agrarsoziologie ; Agrarsoziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 11.04.2022
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Washington, DC : Soc. | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 1.1973 -
    ISSN: 1548-1352 , 0091-2131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1973 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ethos
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 18.04.16
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Houston : Rice University, Department of Religion | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell ; 1.1975 -
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    ISSN: 1748-0922 , 0319-485X , 0319-485X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Religious studies review
    DDC: 230
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Religion
    Note: Herausgeber früher: Council of Societies for the Study of Religion , Gesehen am 15.02.10
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a] : Blackwell ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 1548-7458 , 0192-6918 , 0276-6558 , 1046-7688 , 1053-7147 , 0192-6918 , 0276-6558 , 1046-7688 , 1053-7147
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Program in Ethnographic Film Newsletter
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Studies in visual communication
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Society for Visual Anthropology SVA newsletter
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Visual anthropology review
    Former Title: Program in ethnographic film
    Former Title: Newsletter / Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication
    Former Title: Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Former Title: Studies in visual communication
    Former Title: SVA newsletter / Society for Visual Anthropology
    Former Title: SVA review / Society for Visual Anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.04.2016
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a] : Blackwell ; 1.1970 -
    ISSN: 1548-7458 , 0192-6918 , 0276-6558 , 1046-7688 , 1053-7147
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. 1.1970 - 4.1973 Program in Ethnographic Film Newsletter / Program in Ethnographic Film
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. 1.1974 - 5.1978/79 Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. 6.1980 - 11.1984/85 Studies in visual communication
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. 1.1985 - 5.1989 Society for Visual Anthropology SVA newsletter
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. ab 6.1990 Visual anthropology review
    Former Title: Program in ethnographic film
    Former Title: Newsletter / Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication
    Former Title: Studies in the anthropology of visual communication
    Former Title: Studies in visual communication
    Former Title: SVA newsletter / Society for Visual Anthropology
    Former Title: SVA review / Society for Visual Anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 19.04.2016
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.Ser. 1.1927/28 - 18.1948; 2.Ser. 1.1948/49 -
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    ISSN: 1468-0289 , 0013-0117 , 0013-0117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.Ser. 1.1927/28 - 18.1948; 2.Ser. 1.1948/49 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic history review
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic history review
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Wirtschaft ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 28.03.2022
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | London : Inst. ; Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    ISSN: 0025-1496 , ISSN 1359-0987 , ISSN 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Edition: München Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum 2013-2018 Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
    Dates of Publication: Urheberrechtsfreie Bände digitalisiert oder im Digitalisierungsprozess 1.1872 - 95.1965; N.S. 1.1995 - 5.1999
    Additional Information: 1966 - 1994 aufgeg. in Man
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Anthropological Society of London [Tb1] Memoirs read before the Anthropological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Ethnological Society Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Journal of anthropology
    Former Title: Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    Former Title: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
    Note: Zusatz ab N.S. 1.1995 , Ersch. vierteljährl , Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus; New York, NY : Johnson , Digital. Ausg.: München : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum, 2013-2018
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Silver Spring, Md. [etc.] : V.H. Winston | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 1.1971 -
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Sage Publications | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.1981 -
    ISSN: 1467-9256 , 0263-3957 , 0263-3957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1981 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Politics
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 22.10.2020
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London [u.a.] : Sage Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.1969 -
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publishing ; 1.1976 -
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London [u.a.] : Sage Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 1.1983 -
    ISSN: 1467-9558 , 0735-2751 , 0735-2751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1983 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sociological theory
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Soziologie
    Note: Gesehen am 05.07.2023
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 8.1977 -
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Buffalo, NY : HeinOnline | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 9.1982 -
    ISSN: 1467-6478 , 0263-323X , 0263-323X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 9.1982 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of law and society
    Former Title: Vorg The British journal of law and society
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 16.06.05
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. ; 1.1977 -
    ISSN: 1468-2427 , ISSN 0309-1317 , ISSN 0309-1317
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1977 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International journal of urban and regional research
    DDC: 690
    Keywords: Regionalwissenschaft ; Urbanistik ; Theorie ; Welt ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 28.03.2022
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell | Toronto [u.a.] : University of Toronto Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell ; 1.1964 - 44.2007
    ISSN: 0008-4948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1964 - 44.2007
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Canadian review of sociology and anthropology
    Subsequent Title: Forts.: The Canadian review of sociology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Soziologie ; Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Soziologie ; Anthropologie
    Note: Gesehen am 20.03.14
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953963
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 4
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400948426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Remote Sensing Applications
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Optical and thermal properties of ice and snow -- 1.3 Electrical properties of ice and snow -- References -- 2 Sensors and platforms -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) on the Landsat series -- 2.3 Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsats 4 and 5 -- 2.4 NOAA satellites and sensors -- 2.5 Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) -- 2.6 Nimbus 5 and 6 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) and Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) -- 2.7 Passive microwave aircraft sensors -- 2.8 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) -- 2.9 Seasat SAR and radar altimeter -- 2.10 Impulse radar -- References -- 3 Snow cover -- 3.1 Snow cover in the global water balance -- 3.2 Snow properties -- 3.3 Seasonal snow cover -- 3.4 Snow-cover mapping -- 3.5 Snow-cover depletion curves -- References -- 4 Applications of remotely derived snow data -- 4.1 Hydrological importance of snow -- 4.2 Snowmelt-runoff modelling -- 4.3 Discharge forecasts -- 4.4 Economic benefits -- References -- 5 Lake and river ice -- 5.1 The importance of lake and river ice -- 5.2 Freshwater ice thickness studies -- 5.3 Lake depth and ice thickness studies in northern Alaska -- 5.4 Ice in large lakes and estuaries -- 5.5 River ice break-up -- 5.6 Ice jams and aufeis -- References -- 6 Permafrost -- 6.1 Hydrological and geological implications of permafrost -- 6.2 Vegetation mapping in permafrost areas -- 6.3 Snow and ice break-up -- 6.4 Surface temperature and energy balance studies -- 6.5 Tundra surface disturbances -- 6.6 Subsurface probing of permafrost -- References -- 7 Glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets -- 7.1 Global significance of glaciers -- 7.2 Distribution and mass balance of glaciers -- 7.3 Catastrophic events: surges, jökulhlaups and rapid glacier movement -- 7.4 Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets -- 7.5 Icebergs -- 7.6 Radio echo sounding of glacier ice -- References -- 8 Sea ice -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sea ice age -- 8.3 Sea ice type and interannual variability -- 8.4 Sea ice concentration -- 8.5 Sea ice movement -- References.
    Abstract: Remote sensing using aircraft and satellites has helped to open up to intensified scientific scrutiny the cold and remote regions in which snow and ice are prevalent. In this book, the utility of remote sensing for identifying, mapping and analyzing surface and subsurface properties of worldwide ice and snow features is described. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing for developing an improved understanding of the physical properties of ice and snow and understanding the interrelationships of cryospheric processes with atmospheric, hydrospheric and oceanic processes. Current and potential applications of remotely sensed data are also stressed. At present, all-weather, day and night observations of the polar regions can be obtained from sensors operating in different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the approaches for analysis of remotely sensed data are not straightforward, Chapter 1 serves to introduce the reader to some of the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow as they pertain to remote sensing. In Chapter 2 we briefly describe many of the sensors and platforms that are referred to in the rest of the book. The remaining chapters deal with remote sensing of the seasonal snow cover, lake and river ice, permafrost, glacier ice and sea ice.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 26
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / The Deductive Model of Explanation: A Statement -- 1.1. Explanation and Deduction -- 1.2. The Humean Account of Laws -- 1.3. The Evidential Worth of Law-Assertions -- 1.4. That Some Explanations Are Better than Others -- 1.5. That Technical Rules of Computation Are Laws -- 2 / The Reasonability of the Deductive Model -- 2.1. Why Ought the Deductive Model Be Accepted? -- 2.2. Are There Reasoned Predictions Which Are Not Explanations? -- 2.3. Is Correlation Less Explanatory than Causation? -- 2.4. Is Causation Inseparable from Action? -- 2.5. Are There Explanations Without Predictions? -- 2.6. Explanation and Judgment -- 3 / Explanations and Explanings -- 3.1. Explanations in the Context of Communication -- 3.2. Formalist Criticisms of the Deductive Model -- 3.3. Explanations and Explanatory Content -- 3.4. Narrative and Integrating Explanations -- 3.5. Are Laws Evidence for, or Part of, Explanations? -- 3.6. Can We Know Causes Without Knowing Laws? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- Notes to Conclusion -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to defend the deductive-nomological model of explanation against a number of criticisms that have been made of it. It has traditionally been thought that scientific explanations were causal and that scientific explanations involved deduction from laws. In recent years, however, this three-fold identity has been challenged: there are, it is argued, causal explanations that are not scientific, scientific explanations that are not deductive, deductions from laws that are neither causal explanations nor scientific explanations, and causal explanations that involve no deductions from laws. The aim of the present essay is to defend the traditional identities, and to show that the more recent attempts at invalidating them fail in their object. More specifically, this essay argues that a Humean version of the deductive-nomological model of explanation can be defended as (1) the correct account of scientific explanation of individual facts and processes, and as (2) the correct account of causal explanations of individual facts and processes. The deductive-nomological model holds that to explain an event E, say that a is G, one must find some initial conditions C, say that a is F, and a law or theory T such that T and C jointly entail E, and both are essential to the deduction.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 The subject matter of ethics -- 1 The raw material -- 2 Subdivisions -- 2 Moral psychology -- 1 General properties of conscious beings -- 2 Some peculiarities of human minds -- 3 Classification of experiences -- 4 More detailed account of certain kinds of experience -- 3 Ethical problems: right and wrong -- 1 Right and wrong -- 4 Ethical problems: good and evil -- 1 Good and evil -- 5 Metaphysics of morals -- 1 Determinism, indeterminism, and libertarianism -- 2 Arguments for and against determinism -- 3 Consequences of determinism -- Guide to authors/subjects.
    Abstract: This volume contains C. D. Broad's Cambridge lectures on Ethics. Broad gave a course of lectures on the subject, intended primarily for Part I of the Moral Sciences Tripos, every academic year from 1933 - 34 up to and in­ cluding 1952 - 53 (except that he did not lecture on Ethics in 1935 - 36). The course however was frequently revised, and the present version is es­ sentially that which he gave in 1952 - 53. Broad always wrote out his lectures fully beforehand, and the manuscript on Ethics, although full of revisions, is in a reasonably good state. But his handwriting is small and close and in places difficult to decipher. I therefore fear that some words may have been misread. There was an additional complication. In the summer of 1953 Broad revised and enlarged two sections of the course, namely the section on "Moore's theory" and that on "Naturalistic theories" (both sections occur in Chapter 4). The revised version of the section on Moore is undoubtedly superior to the earlier version, and I have therefore included it. But in my opinion this is not true of the new version of the section on naturalistic theories: although more comprehensive than the earlier version, it is not only repetitive in itself, but also repeats, sometimes almost verbatim, passages which occur elsewhere in the lectures. In brief, the new version is not fully integrated with the rest of the course.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 108
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 108
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow -- To the Reader -- Calculation of the Rainbow -- Calculation of Chances -- First proposition -- Second proposition -- The Text -- Appendix: The authenticity and significance of the texts on the rainbow and probability -- A. Spinoza’s contemporaries -- B. The 1687 edition -- C. Background and editorial work since 1860 -- D. The significance.
    Abstract: A. THE TEXT The main importance of these two treatises lies in the insight they provide into Spinoza's conception of the relation between mathematics and certain disciplines not touched upon elsewhere in his major writings. The mathematics they involve are not the as those of the Ethics however, and the precise connection same between the geometrical order of this work and these excursions into optics and probability is by no means obvious. Add to this difficulty the knotty problems presented by their editorial his­ tory, dating and scientific background, and it is not perhaps surprising that in spite of the fact that they provide such an excellent illustration of Spinoza's reaction to certain important developments in the history of physics and mathematics, they should not, so far, have attracted much attention. They were first published in 1687 by Levyn van Dyck (d. 1695), official printer to the town council in The Hague. Printing anything by Spinoza was not without its risks, and it is probably significant that during the same year van Dyck should also have published a lengthy and elaborate refutation of Spinozism by 1 the pious and eccentric physician ]. F. Helvetius. Spinoza's name was omitted from the title-page, possibly because the editor or publisher thought that his reputation as an atheist might prejudice the sale of the booklet, and it was not until 1860 that the Amsterdam bookseller Frederik Muller (1817-1881) identified him as its author.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789400953239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Scandinavian languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Germanic languages.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- 2. Unbounded Dependencies -- 3. Questions in Swedish -- 4. The Semantics of Questions -- 5. Extensions of the Present Study -- Notes -- II. Recent Approaches to Unbounded Dependencies -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Short Overview of Relevant Data from Swedish -- 2. Arguments for Transformations -- 3. Generalized Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 4. Cooper’s Proposal -- 5. Phrase Linking Grammars -- 6. Unbounded Dependencies in the Government-Binding Framework -- 7. Choosing a Framework -- Notes -- III. A Frame Work for Swedish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Format of Rules -- 3. Quantification -- 4. Questions -- 5. Pronouns -- 6. Gaps -- 7. Constraining the Framework -- 8. Summary -- Notes -- IV. The Interprentaion of Questions -- 1. Some Previous Approaches to Questions -- 2. Quantifying Into Questions -- 3. Some Arguments Against Quantifying Into Questions -- 4. A Relational Approach to Interrogative Quantifiers -- 5. Interaction Between Interrogative Quantifiers and Other Quantifiers -- 6. The Internal Structure of Interrogative Constituents -- 7. Multiple WH Questions -- 8. Questions Involving Other Categories -- 9. An Alternative Approach -- 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- V. A Comparison with EST-GB -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantic Interpretation in Transformational Grammar -- 3. Characterizing wh-Movement -- 4. wh-Interpretation and Reconstruction at LF -- 5. Bound Anaphors in Moved Constituents -- 6. Higginbotham and May’s Theory of Questions -- Notes -- VI. Restricting the Interpretation of Pronouns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Disjoint Reference and Non-Coreference -- 3. Cross-over -- Notes -- VII. Theorotical Postcript -- 1. Linked Trees -- 2. Storage -- 3. Relational Readings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 5
    Series Statement: Profiles 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Plantinga on Trans-World Identity -- Plantinga on Possible Worlds -- Plantinga on the Reduction of Possibilist Discourse -- Plantinga’s Theory of Proper Names -- Plantinga and the Philosophy of Mind -- Plantinga on the Problem of Evil -- Plantinga and the Ontological Argument -- Plantinga on Foreknowledge and Freedom -- Plantinga’s Epistemology of Religious Belief -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Alvin Plantinga -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401539609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (532p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Inaugural Study -- The Aesthetics of Nature in the Human Condition -- I The Poetics of the Sea as an Element in the Human Condition: Literary Interpretation -- A. Resoundings of the Sea in the Elemental Twilight of the Human Soul -- Death or Life of the Spirit: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner — Thalassian Poetry in the Nineteenth Century -- The Waves of Life in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves -- On the Shores of Nothingness: Beckett’s Embers -- Ego Formation and the Land/Sea Metaphor in Conrad’s Secret Sharer -- Wordsworth: The Sea and Its Double -- El mistico significado del mar (en el lenguaje poetico) -- B. Man’s Elemental Response to the Vital Challenge at the Cross Section of Ancient Cultures -- Between Land and Sea: The End of the Southern Sung -- Hesiodic Fable and Weather Lore: Text and Context in Figurative Discourse -- The Response of Biblical Man to the Challenge of the Sea -- The Sea as Metaphor: An Aspect of the Modern Japanese Novel -- C. The Poetic Inspiration of the Sea in Literary Experience -- The Poetic and Elemental Language of the Sea -- The Sea as Medium for Artistic Experience -- Las dimensiones poéticas del mar y la idea del tiempo -- The Oneiric Valorization of the Sea: Instances of Poetic Sensibility and the „Non-Savoir“ -- Figuring the Elements: Trope and Image in Shakespeare -- D. The Watery Mirror of the Elemental -- Mirror Reflections: The Poetics of Water in French Baroque Poetry -- The St. Lawrence in the Poetry of Gatien Lapointe -- II The Elemental Thread in the Twilight of Consciousness; The Ciphering of Life-Significance in the Poiesis of Art — From Interpretation to Theory -- A. On the Brink -- On the Brink: The Artist and the Sea -- The Rapture of the Deep -- The Voices of Silence and Underwater Experience -- A Contrast Between the Sea and the Mountain: A Comparative Study of Occidental and Chinese Poetic Symbolism -- B. The Shorelines: Elemental Moves in the Twilight of Consciousness -- Literal/Littoral/Littorananima: The Figure on the Shore in the Works of James Joyce -- Already Not-Yet: Shoreline Fiction Metaphase -- Thalassic Regression: The Cipher of the Ocean in Gottfried Benn’s Poetry -- Derrida and Husserl on the Status of Retention -- Nonlogical Moves and Nature Metaphors -- C. Poetic Discourse: „Reality“ and the Retrieval of Life-Significance -- The Reading as Emotional Response: The Case of a Haiku -- Literature and the Ladder of Discourse -- The Sea in Faust and Goethe’s Verdict on His Hero -- III Creative Orchestration in the Poiesis of Life and in Fiction -- Preamble -- What Makes Philosophical Literature Philosophical? -- Kaelin on Philosophical Literature -- The Hermeneutics of Literary Impressionism: Interpretation and Reality in James, Conrad, and Ford -- Hermeneutics and History: A Response to Paul Armstrong -- Index of Names.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400948440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 151 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 580
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Plant Ecology ; Botany
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789400948303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The historical development of physiological plant ecology1.1 The beginnings -- 1.2 The 19th century -- 1.3 The spread of physiological ecology to North America -- 1.4 The middle decades -- 1.5 The post-war revival of physiological ecology -- 1.6 Some thoughts about the future of physiological ecology -- References -- 2 Arctic -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Environment -- 2.3 Vegetation and growth forms -- 2.4 Phenology and growth -- 2.5 Photosynthesis and respiration -- 2.6 Water relations -- 2.7 Mobile carbon pools -- 2.8 Nutrient absorption, storage, and loss -- 2.9 Allocation -- 2.10 Reproduction -- 2.11 Summary -- References -- 3 Alpine -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environment -- 3.3 Floristics -- 3.4 Plant communities and environmental gradients -- 3.5 Seed germination and seedling establishment -- 3.6 Growth forms and plant growth -- 3.7 Plant phenology and growth -- 3.8 Physiological responses -- 3.9 Timberline -- 3.10 The role of snow -- 3.11 Summary -- References -- 4 Taiga -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vegetation zones of the taiga -- 4.3 Environment -- 4.4 Growth forms and phenology -- 4.5 Controls on carbon balance -- 4.6 Temperature response -- 4.7 Light response -- 4.8 Water stress -- 4.9 Nutrient relations -- 4.10 Production -- 4.11 Causes of timberline -- 4.12 Fire ecology -- 4.13 Establishment and reproduction -- 4.14 Succession -- 4.15 Summary and research needs -- References -- 5 Western montane forests -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Environment -- 5.3 Ecophysiology -- 5.4 Summary and perspectives -- References -- 6 Coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Community structure -- 6.3 Physiological characteristics and responses -- 6.4 Tree structure -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Annuals and perennials of warm deserts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The physical environment -- 7.3 Phenology and life cycle adaptations -- 7.4 Leaf and canopy adaptations -- 7.5 Photosynthetic and water relations adaptations -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Desert succulents -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Water relations -- 8.3 CO2 uptake and acidity changes -- 8.4 Thermal relations -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Cold desert -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photosynthesis in the cold desert environment -- 9.3 The moisture constraint -- 9.4 The salinity constraint -- 9.5 Carbon balance of cold desert shrubs -- 9.6 Nitrogen -- 9.7 Summary: stress in the cold desert -- References -- 10 Chaparral -- 10.1 Extent and general character -- 10.2 Early ecological studies -- 10.3 Environmental rhythms -- 10.4 Growth forms and vegetation rhythms -- 10.5 Water balance -- 10.6 Carbon balance -- 10.7 Nutrient balance -- 10.8 Fire ecology -- 10.9 Summary -- References -- 11 Grasslands -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Plant response to environmental conditions -- 11.3 Summary -- References -- 12 Deciduous forest -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Geography and vegetation -- 12.3 Forest structure -- 12.4 Plant response to seasonal environments -- 12.5 Other periodic stresses -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- 13 Tropical and subtropical forests -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Distribution of tropical and subtropical forests -- 13.3 Physiological ecology of tropical and subtropical forest species -- 13.4 Physiological ecology of Hawaiian forest species -- 13.5 Summary -- References -- 14 Marine beach and dune plant communities -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Light and temperature -- 14.3 Water relations -- 14.4 Salt spray -- 14.5 Soil salinity -- 14.6 Soil nutrients -- 14.7 Sand movement -- 14.8 Deductions from floristic analyses -- 14.9 Summary -- References -- 15 Coastal marshes -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Environmental stress -- 15.3 Plant responses and adaptations -- 15.4 Ecosystem properties affected by plant ecophysiology -- 15.5 Management implications -- 15.6 Conclusions and future research needs -- References.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401096553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Nature and occurrence of plasmas -- 1.2 Controlled nuclear fusion -- 1.3 Fluid and kinetic descriptions of a plasma -- 1.4 The Debye length -- 2. Motion of a charged particle -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Motion in a uniform magnetic field -- 2.3 Guiding centre drifts -- 2.4 Adiabatic invariants: the magnetic moment -- 2.5 The magnetization current -- 2.6 Some applications -- Problems -- 3. Low-frequency phenomena -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Magnetohydrodynamics -- 3.3 MHD equilibria -- 3.4 Stability of MHD equilibria -- 3.5 MHD waves -- 3.6 Coulomb collisions -- 3.7 The Fokker-Plank equation -- 3.8 Relation between kinetic and fluid theories -- 3.9 Transport coefficients -- Problems -- 4. Waves -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The two-fluid equations -- 4.3 Waves in a cold plasma -- 4.4 Wave energy density -- 4.5 Waves in an inhomogeneous plasma -- 4.6 Cut-off and resonance -- 4.7 Propagation of electron cyclotron waves in a tokamak -- 4.8 Tunnelling and resonant absorption -- Problems -- 5. Kinetic theory of waves -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Vlasov equation -- 5.3 The linearized Vlasov equation and Landau damping -- 5.4 The plasma dispersion function -- 5.5 Ion sound waves -- 5.6 Waves in a magnetized plasma -- 5.7 Bernstein modes -- 5.8 Cyclotron damping -- 5.9 Microinstabilities -- 5.10 Absolute and convective instabilities -- Problems -- 6. Nonlinear effects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quasilinear theory -- 6.3 Wave-wave interactions -- 6.4 Parametric instabilities -- 6.5 The ponderomotive force -- 6.6 Modulation and filamentation -- 6.7 Computational methods-fluid codes -- 6.8 Computational methods-particle codes -- 6.9 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- 7. Diagnostic techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Probes -- 7.3 Radiation emission -- 7.4 Radiation scattering and interferometry -- 7.5 Particle measurements -- Problems -- 8. Application to fusion and space research -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Tokamaks and other toroidal devices -- 8.3 Other magnetic confinement systems -- 8.4 Inertial confinement -- 8.5 The Earth’s magnetosphere -- 8.6 The physics of the Sun and stars -- 8.7 Pulsars -- 8.8 Cosmic ray acceleration -- 8.9 Plasma physics applied to particle accelerators -- 8.10 Conclusion -- Further reading.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400948389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Quantum Mechanical Models and Methods in Mineralogy1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Full lattice calculations -- 1.3 Cluster calculations on mineral structural properties -- 1.4 Cluster calculations on mineral spectral properties -- 1.5 Cluster calculations of valence electron density distributions -- 1.6 Applications of qualitative MO theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 X-ray Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonding in Minerals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photoelectron and X-ray spectroscopy -- 2.3 Spectroscopic techniques -- 2.4 Application of XES and XPS to bonding studies in mineral chemistry -- 2.5 Further developments -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Electronic Spectra of Minerals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Background -- 3.3 Techniques -- 3.4 Crystal field spectra -- 3.5 Intervalence transitions -- 3.6 Applications -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- 4 Mineralogical Applications of Luminescence Techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The luminescence process -- 4.3 Experimental techniques -- 4.4 Luminescence centres in some common minerals -- 4.5 Some conclusions -- References 138 -- 5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Mineral Chemistry -- 5.1 The basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy -- 5.2 The hyperfine interactions -- 5.3 The Mössbauer factor, f, and the intensity of the absorption lines -- 5.457Fe Mössbauer parameters and deductions from such data -- 5.5 Experimental details -- 5.6 Mineralogical applications -- 5.7 Antimony -- 5.8 Other physical studies -- References -- 6 Electron Spin Resonance and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applied to Minerals -- 6.1 Electron spin resonance spectroscopy -- 6.2 Practical aspects of ESR -- 6.3 Some applications of ESR in mineral chemistry -- 6.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- 6.5 NMR of solids -- 6.6 Applications -- 6.7 High resolution NMR studies of minerals -- 6.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 7 Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonding in the Opaque Minerals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Compositions and crystal structures of the major opaque minerals -- 7.3 Approaches to chemical bonding models -- 7.4 Experimental methods for the study of bonding -- 7.5 Chemical bonding in some major opaque mineral groups -- 7.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- 8 Mineral Surfaces and the Chemical Bond -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Spectroscopic techniques -- 8.3 Applications in mineral chemistry -- 8.4 Concluding remarks -- References.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401170840
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1: Organisation of Motor Systems1 Introduction -- 2 Central feedback loops and some implications for motor control -- 3 Neural control of vertebrate locomotion-central mechanisms and reflex interaction with special reference to the cat -- 4 Generation of behaviour: the orchestration hypothesis -- 5 Convergence of several sensory modalities in motor control -- 6 Feedback control of an escape behaviour -- Section 2: Central Control of Sense Organ Excitability -- 7 Introduction -- 8 Intrafusal muscle fibres in the cat and their motor control -- 9 How do crabs control their muscle receptors? -- Section 3: Afferent Input During Normal Movements -- 10 Introduction -- 11 What the cat’s hind limb tells the cat’s spinal cord -- 12 Proprioceptive feedback and the control of cockroach walking -- Section 4: Reflexes -- 13 Introduction -- 14 Stretch reflexes in man: the significance of tendon compliance -- 15 The synaptic basis for integration of local reflexes in the locust -- Section 5: The Control of Equilibrium -- 16 Introduction -- 17 Control of eye-head coordination by brain stem neurones -- 18 Multisensory interactions in the crustacean equilibrium system -- Section 6: The Control of Movement -- 19 Introduction -- 20 Are there central pattern generators for walking and flight in insects? -- 21 The role of movement-related feedback in the control of locomotion in fish and lamprey -- 22 How locusts fly straight -- 23 Interactions of segmental and suprasegmental inputs with the spinal pattern generator of locomotion -- 24 Stepping reflexes and the sensory control of walking in Crustacea -- Section 7: Feedback and Motor Control in Man -- 25 Introduction -- 26 Proprioceptive activity from human finger muscles -- 27 Human long-latency stretch reflexes - a new role for the secondary ending of the muscle spindle? -- 28 Phase dependent step adaptations during human locomotion -- 29 Abnormal feedback and movement disorders in man, with particular reference to cortical myoclonus -- Author index.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789400954588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (346p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 6
    DDC: 551.4
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789400953093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 3
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; Anthropology
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (524p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 5
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Geography ; Renewable energy sources
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789400952652
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 2
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400949805
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (276 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6011
    Keywords: Population-Economic aspects-Econometric models ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789400951556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Political science.
    Abstract: I The Formative Years, 1871–1906 -- 1 Early Trade Unionism. From the Federation of Copper-workers to the Federation of Metalworkers 1893–1904 -- 2 French Workers and Foreign Workers. The Strikes in the Lorraine, 1905 -- 3 The Struggle for the Eight-Hour Work Day. The Strike of Hennebont, 1906 -- II The Crisis of Revolutionary Syndicalism, 1906–1914 -- 4 The Crisis in the CGT -- 5 The Crisis in the Federation of Metalworkers -- 6 Merrheim’s Intellectual Formation. The Justification for Reformism -- 7 Merrheim the CGT and Antimilitarism -- III The War and its Aftermath -- 8 The Limits of Antimilitarism -- 9 Merrheim, Jouhaux and Collaboration -- IV The Postwar Crisis, 1918–1923 -- 10 Merrheim and the New Syndicalism -- 11 The June Metalworkers’ Strike, 1919 -- 12 Merrheim’s Final Crisis -- Abbreviaiions Used in Notes -- Notes.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 180
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Gene-Culture Coevolution: Humankind in the Making -- I. Sociobiological Conceptions -- Sociobiology and the Information Metaphor -- Phenotypic Plasticity, Cultural Transmission, and Human Sociobiology -- Sociobiology and Human Culture -- Evolutionary Biology, Human Nature, and Knowledge -- Love and Morality: The Possibility of Altruism -- II. Epistemological Reflections -- Biological Reductionism and Genic Selectionism -- Adaptationalist Imperatives and Panglossian Paradigms -- Methodological Behaviorism, Evolution, and Game Theory -- Sociobiological Explanation and the Testability of Sociobiological Theory -- Science and Sociobiology -- Epilogue -- Evolutionary Epistemology: Can Sociobiology Help? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers presented in this special collection focus upon conceptual, the­ oretical and epistemological aspects of sociobiology, an emerging discipline that deals with the extent to which genetic factors influence or control patterns of behavior as well as the extent to which patterns of behavior, in turn, influence or control genetic evolution. The Prologue advances a compre­ hensive acco/unt of the field of gene-culture co-evolution, where Lumsden and Gushurst differentiate between "classical" sociobiology (represented especially by Wilson's early work) and current research on human socio­ biology (represented by Lumsden and Wilson's later work), which emphasizes interplay between genes, minds, and culture. The specter of genetic deter­ minism, no doubt, has created considerable controversy, some of which may be laid to rest by Hanna's analysis of the (ambiguous) notion of a "genetic program", which indicates the necessity for distinguishing between descriptive and prescriptive dimensions of this complex concept. Brandon offers a framework for assessing the respective contributions of nature and of nurture by advancing a means for measuring genetic and cultural influences upon "inheritance", which supports the conclusion that evolving patterns of behavior do not always maximize inclusive fitness, contrary to what socio­ biologists have claimed. The influence of culture upon genetic evolution, of course, can be adequately appraised only when a suitable account of culture itself has been found, a desideratum Smillie attempts to satisfy by utilizing the notion of "cinfo" as culturally transmitted ecological informa­ tion, a resource other species tend not to exploit.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400951891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 30
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mechanics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / On the Problem of Chronometry in the Present-Day Theory of Science -- 1. Introduction: Establishment of a Reference to Known Positions in the Theory of Science -- 2. Affirmative Theory of Science and the Language of Physics -- 3. The Affirmative Theory of Measurement -- 4. Affirmative Explanations of the Choice of the Time Standard -- II / On the Method of Physics -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Method as a Validity Criterion. On the Foundational Theory of Hugo Dingler -- 3. Logic and Protophysics. On the Foundational Theory of Paul Lorenzen -- 4. On the Method of Physics -- 5. On the Criticism of Protophysics -- III / Chronometry -- 1. What Purpose Shall Time-Measurement Serve? -- 2. Moved Bodies -- 3. Comparisons of Motion -- 4. Forms of Motion -- IV / On a History of Chronometry -- 1. Preliminary Remarks: Terminological Distinction of Practical and Theoretical Chronometry -- 2. The Development of Chronology -- 3. Short History of the Water Clock -- 4. Short History of Mechanical Escapement Clocks -- 5. The Principles of Clock Construction -- 6. Time Theories -- Notes -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For protophysics, the fascinating and impressive constructive re-establish­ ment of the foundations of science by Professor Paul Lorenzen, working with his colleagues and students of the Erlangen School, no task is more central than to.furmulate a theoretical understanding of the practical art of measurement of time. We are pleased, therefore, to have a new third edition of Peter Janich's masterful monograph on the protophysics of time, available in this English translation within the Boston Studies. We also look forward to the Boston University Symposium on protophysics in april of this year within which the full program of protophysics will be critically examined by German and American physicists and philosophers, supporters and critics. We are also grateful to Paul Lorenzen for contributing his powerful instructive essay on the 'axiomatic and constructive method' which intro­ duces this book. March 1985 ROBERT S. COHEN Center for the Philosophy and History of Science Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY Department of Philosophy Barnch College City University of New York vii PAUL LORENZEN CONSTRUCTIVE AND AXIOM A TIC METHOD Mathematics is like a big building with many apartments. We have at least Arithmetic and Analysis, Algebra and Topology - and we have Geometry and Probability-Theory. Very often the tenants of these different apartments seem not to understand each other. The Bourbaki movement promised a new unity of Mathematics by admit­ ting only the axiomatic method of Hilbert as genuine mathematical.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 98
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Group I -- Essay 1. Husserl, Frege and the overcoming of psychologism -- Essay 2. Intentionality and noema -- Essay 3. Intentionality and “possible worlds” -- Essay 4. Husserlian phenomenology and the de re and de dicto intentionalities -- Essay 5. Rorty, phenomenology and transcendental philosophy -- Essay 6. Intentionality, causality and holism -- Group II -- Essay 7. Towards a phenomenology of self-evidence -- Essay 8. “Life-world” and “a priori” in Husserl’s later thought -- Essay 9. Intentionality and the mind/body problem -- Essay 10. Consciousness and life-world -- Essay 11. Consciousness and existence: Remarks on the relation between Husserl and Heidegger -- Essay 12. On the roots of reference: Quine, Piaget, and Husserl -- Group III -- Essay 13. Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and essentialism -- Essay 14. The destiny of transcendental philosophy -- Essay 15. Transcendental philosophy and the hermeneutic critique of consciousness.
    Abstract: These essays span a period of fourteen years. The earliest was written in 1960, the latest in 1983. They all represent various attempts to understand the motives and the central concepts of Husserl's transcen­ dental phenomenology, and to locate the latter in the background of other varieties of transcendental philosophy. Implicitly, they also con­ tain a defense of transcendental philosophy, and make attempts to respond to the more familiar criticisms against it. It is hoped that they will contribute to a better understanding not only of Husserl's transcen­ dental phenomenology but also of transcendental philosophy in gener­ al. The ordering of the essays is not chronological. They are rather divided thematically into three groups. The first group of six essays is concerned with relating Husserlian phenomenology to more contem­ porary analytic concerns: in fact, the opening essay on Husserl and Frege establishes a certain continuity of concern with my last published book with that title. Of these, Essay 2 was written for an American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division symposium in which the other symposiast was John Searle. The discussion in that symposium concentrated chiefly on the relation between intentionality and causali­ ty - which led me to write Essay 6, later read as the Gurwitsch Memo­ rial Lecture at the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philos­ ophy meetings in 1982 at Penn State.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 109
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 109
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Absolute knowing and presentation -- 1. Appearing science -- 2. The element of configuration -- 3. Result and presupposition -- II. Spirit and presentation -- 1. Representation within the subjective mode -- 2. Representation and intersubjectivity -- 3. Absolute self-presentation -- III. Philosophic presentation -- 1. Self-knowledge and language -- 2. Thoughts and situations -- 3. The act of presentation -- IV. Conclusion: The empty sepulchre.
    Abstract: I have purposely limited myself to a rather brief statement in this introduc­ tion, in order that the summing up be not misrepresented for the discursive development of the whole. There is something more than mildly dangerous in setting oneself a series of goals in an introduction only to find them happily attained in the conclusion, as if getting from the beginning to the end was simply a question of transition. Of course, the destination of a speculative presentation includes the process of development in such a way that the end is always implicitly the beginning: each configuration simply forms a deter­ minate moment within the on-going manifestation of the "absolute". It is around Hegel's concept of the absolute, how it is known and how it presents itself, which the bulk of our discussion turns. We may say tentatively that the absolute speaks. This speaking is the manifestation of the absolute itself, not a dissimulation or mere appearance, and consequently can be known and known most perfectly in language. In Hegel's system, this speak­ ing or discourse has exhausted itself and is complete, but in what manner this "close" is achieved remains the question which disturbs and provokes our own speech in what is to come.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400952898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 27
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic ; History
    Abstract: Preface -- Buridan’s Philosophy of Logic -- Section 1. John Buridan: Life and Times -- Section 2. The Treatises -- Section 3. Meaning and Mental Language -- Section 4. The Properties of Terms -- Section 5. Sentences -- Section 6. The Theory of Supposition -- Section 7. Consequences -- Section 8. The Syllogism -- Translation. The Treatise on Supposition -- 1. Signification, Supposition, Verification, Appellation -- 2. Kinds of Significative Words -- 3. The Kinds of Supposition -- 4. The Supposition of Relative Terms -- 5. Appellation -- 6. Ampliation and Restriction -- Translation. The Treatise on Consequences -- Book I. Consequences in General and Among Assertoric Sentences -- Book II. Consequences Among Modal Sentences -- Book III. Syllogisms With Assertoric Sentences -- Book IV. Syllogisms with Modal Sentences -- Notes -- Notes. Buridan’s Philosophy of Logic -- Notes. Treatise on Supposition -- Notes. Treatise on Consequences -- Book I. Notes -- Book II. Notes -- Book III. Notes -- Book IV. Notes -- Indexes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Rules and Theorems.
    Abstract: Buridan was a brilliant logician in an age of brilliant logicians, sensitive to formal and philosophical considerations. There is a need for critical editions and accurate translations of his works, for his philosophical voice speaks directly across the ages to problems of concern to analytic philosophers today. But his idiom is unfamiliar, so editions and trans­ lations alone will not bridge the gap of centuries. I have tried to make Buridan accessible to philosophers and logicians today by the introduc­ tory essay, in which I survey Buridan's philosophy of logic. Several problems which Buridan touches on only marginally in the works trans­ lated herein are developed and discussed, citing other works of Buridan; some topics which he treats at length in the translated works, such as the semantic theory of oblique terms, I have touched on lightly or not at all. Such distortions are inevitable, and I hope that the idiosyncracies of my choice of philosophically relevant topics will not blind the reader to other topics of value Buridan considers. My goal in translating has been to produce an accurate renaering of the Latin. Often Buridan will couch a logical rule in terms of the grammatical form of a sentence, and I have endeavored to keep the translation consistent. Some strained phrases result, such as "A man I know" having a different logic from "I know a man. " This awkwardness cannot always be avoided, and I beg the reader's indulgence. All of the translations here are my own.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789400954304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 28
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Physical chemistry. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Paradoxes -- 2.1 Early Studies of Heat and Attempts to Formulate Equations of Heat Flow -- 2.2 Thompson’s 1852 Statement on Irreversibility -- 2.3 Dissipative Processes and Irreversible Processes Not Yet Distinguished -- 2.4 Statistical Notions Enter Kinetic Theory -- 2.5 Boltzmann Tries to Reduce the Second Law to Mechanics -- 2.6 The “H” Theorem and Loschmidt’s Reversibility Paradox -- 2.7 The Reversibility Paradox Rediscovered -- 2.8 Boltzmann’s Philosophy of Science -- 2.9 The Boltzmann-Planck Debate -- 2.10 Ehrenfests and the Problem of Irreversibility -- 3. The Applications -- 3.1 Transport Rates Determined by Mean Free Paths -- 3.2 Transport Rates Determined by the Boltzmann Equation -- 4. Return to the Paradoxes -- 4.1 The Loss of Information -- 4.2 Microscopic Reversibility -- 4.3 The Role of Recent Equilibrium -- 4.4 Molecular Chaos and the BBGKY Theory -- 4.5 Later Developments -- 5. Various Kinds of Irreversibility -- 5.1 Inertial Irreversibility -- 5.2 Temporal Irreversibility -- 5.3 Exclusion Irreversibility -- 5.4 Mixing the Criteria: Thermodynamic Irreversibility -- 5.5 Mixing the Criteria: Paradoxical Irreversibility -- 5.6 Refinements: de Facto and Nomological Irreversibility -- 5.7 Statistical Irreversibility: Necessarily de Facto -- 6. Proposed Origins of Irreversibility -- 6.1 Probabilistic Origins -- 6.2 Mechanical Origins -- 7. The Origin of Exclusion Irreversibility -- 7.1 The Simplest Newtonian Models -- 7.2 The Role of Time Scales -- 7.3 Exclusion and Dissipation -- 7.4 The Principle of Recent Equilibrium -- 7.5 A Reflection -- 8. Irreversibility in Fluid Dynamics -- 8.1 The Fluid Concept -- 8.2 Fluid Processes -- 8.3 Fluid Equations -- 8.4 Fundamental Equations of Change -- 8.5 Stochastic Equations of Change -- 8.6 Simple Equations of Flux -- 8.7 Complex Equations of Flux -- 8.8 Equations of Equilibrium -- 9. Irreversibility in Statistical Mechanics -- 9.1 The Method of Statistical Mechanics -- 9.2 Generalization to Systems of Interacting Particles -- 9.3 Generalization to a Continuum of States -- 9.4 The Liouville Theorem -- 9.5 Joining Statistics and Mechanics: The One-Particle Approximation -- 9.6 Complex Equations of Flux in the One-Particle Approximation -- 9.7 The Two-Particle Approximation -- 9.8 Higher Approximations -- 10. Irreversibility in Quantum statistical Mechanics -- 10.1 The Schrödinger Equation -- 10.2 The One-Particle Approximation -- 10.3 The Two-Particle Approximation -- 10.4 The Chemical Approximation -- 11. On Alternative Approaches -- Appendix - Some Reflections on Time and Temporality -- Notes -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: A dominant feature of our ordinary experience of the world is a sense of irreversible change: things lose form, people grow old, energy dissipates. On the other hand, a major conceptual scheme we use to describe the natural world, molecular dynamics, has reversibility at its core. The need to harmonize conceptual schemes and experience leads to several questions, one of which is the focus of this book. How does irreversibility at the macroscopic level emerge from the reversibility that prevails at the molecular level? Attempts to explain the emergence have emphasized probability, and assigned different probabilities to the forward and reversed directions of processes so that one direction is far more probable than the other. The conclu­ sion is promising, but the reasons for it have been obscure. In many cases the aim has been to find an explana­ tion in the nature of probability itself. Reactions to that have been divided: some think the aim is justified while others think it is absurd.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The three domains of creativity -- Creativity in science -- Every horse has a mouth: a personal poetics -- Criteria of creativity -- The creative imagination -- The rationality of creativity -- Creative product and creative process in science and art -- Creativity as learning process -- Creating and becoming -- On the dialectical phenomenology of creativity -- Name index.
    Abstract: This third volume of American University Publications in Philos­ ophy continues the tradition of presenting books in the series shaping current frontiers and new directions in phi. osophical reflection. In a period emerging from the neglect of creativity by positivism, Professors Dutton and Krausz and their eminent colleagues included in the collection challenge modern philosophy to explore the concept of creativity in both scientific inquiry and artistic production. In view of the fact that Professor Krausz served at one time as Visiting Professor of Philosophy at The American University we are especially pleased to include this volume in the series. HAROLD A. DURFEE, for the editors of American University Publications in Philosophy EDITORS' PREFACE While the literature on the psychology of creativity is substantial, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the subject by philos­ ophers in recent years. This fact is no doubt owed in 'part to the legacy of positivism, whose tenets have included a sharp distinction between what Hans Reichenbach called the context of discovery and the context of justification. Philosophy in this view must address itself to the logic of justifying hypotheses; little of philo­ sophical importance can be said about the more creative business of discovering them. That, positivism has held, is no more than a merely psychological question: since there is no logic of discovery or creation, there can be no philosophical reconstruction of it.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789400952119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 83
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 83
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Relativistic Deduction -- Preface -- 1. The Quantitative -- 2. Reality -- 3. The Spatial -- 4. The Principle of Inertia -- 5. Relativism, a Theory About Reality -- 6. Gravitation -- 7. Time -- 8. Electrical Phenomena -- 9. Biological Phenomena -- 10. Universal Explanation -- 11. Matter -- 12. Essence and Existence -- 13. Diversity -- 14. Interpretation -- 15. The Relativistic Imagination -- 16. The Appeal of Relativism -- 17. The Deducible and the Real -- 18. The System -- 19. Relativism and Mechanism -- 20. Rational Explanation and the Progress Of Mathematics -- 21. Progress in Making Things Rational -- 22. The Aprioristic Tendency and Experience -- 23. The Evolution of Reason -- 24. Dogmatism and Skepticism in Science -- 25. The Outlook for the Future -- Appendix 1. Review by Albert Einstein -- Appendix 2. Einstein—Meyerson Exchange -- Name Index.
    Abstract: When the author of Identity and Reality accepted Langevin's suggestion that Meyerson "identify the thought processes" of Einstein's relativity theory, he turned from his assured perspective as historian of the sciences to the risky bias of contemporary philosophical critic. But Emile Meyerson, the epis­ temologist as historian, could not find a more rigorous test of his conclusions from historical learning than the interpretation of Einstein's work, unless perhaps he were to turn from the classical revolution of Einstein's relativity to the non-classical quantum theory. Meyerson captures our sympathy in all his writings: " . . . the role of the epistemologist is . . . in following the development of science" (250); the study of the evolution of reason leads us to see that "man does not experience himself reasoning . . . which is carried on unconsciously," and as the summation of his empirical studies of the works and practices of scientists, "reason . . . behaves in an altogether predict­ able way: . . . first by making the consequent equivalent to the antecedent, and then by actually denying all diversity in space" (202). If logic - and to Meyerson the epistemologist is logician - is to understand reason, then "logic proceeds a posteriori. " And so we are faced with an empirically based Par­ menides, and, as we shall see, with an ineliminable 'irrational' within science. Meyerson's story, written in 1924, is still exciting, 60 years later.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400949867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 The Need, the Conference, the Book -- 2 The Relevance of the Joint Committee Standards for Improving Evaluations in Continuing Education in the Health Professions -- 3 Another View of the Standards -- 4 Design Problems in Evaluation -- 5 Contemporary Evaluation Designs in Continuing Education -- 6 Data-Collection Problems in Evaluation -- 7 Data-Collection Techniques in Evaluation -- 8 Data Analysis in Evaluation -- 9 Another View of Data Analysis -- 10 Politics of Evaluation -- 11 The State of the Art: A Summary Statement -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Phil R. Manning "Can you prove that continuing education really makes any difference?" Over the years, educators concerned with continuing education (CE) for health professionals have either heard or voiced that question in one form or another more than once. But because of the difficulty in measuring the specific effects of a given course, program, or conference, the question has not been answered satisfactorily. Since CE is costly, since CE is now mandated in some states for re-registration, and since its worth has not been proven in for­ mal evaluation research, the pressure to evaluate remains strong. The question can be partially answered by a more careful definition of continuing education, particularly the goals to be achieved by CEo Another part of the answer depends on the development of a stronger commitment to evaluation of CE by its providers. But a significant part of the answer might be provided through the improvement of methods used in evaluation of continuing education for health professionals. To address this last concern, the Development and Demonstration Center in Continuing Education for the Health Professions of the Univer­ sity of Southern California organized and conducted a meeting of academi­ cians and practitioners in evaluation of continuing education. During a three-day period, participants heard formal presentations by five invited speakers and then discussed the application of the state of the art of educa­ tional evaluation to problems of evaluation of continuing education for health professionals.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789400950511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 105
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 105
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: History ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Religion and Politics in the Philosophy of Hegel -- 1. The Opposition of Christianity and Community in Hegel’s Early Writings -- 2. The Divine Life-Process and Human Existence in Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion -- 3. The Divine Spirit in Human History -- 4. The Union of Divine and Human Subject in Sacred and Secular -- 5. A Critical Conclusion: Hegel’s Synthesis of Religion, Rationality and Community -- 2. Bauer: Atheistic Humanism and the Critique of Religious Alienation -- 1. The Foundations of Atheism -- 2. The Rights of Self-Consciousness and Political Freedom -- 3. The Psychopathology of the Religious Consciousness -- 4. Bauer’s Critique of Feuerbach: ‘Self-Consciousness’ in Opposition to ‘Species-Being’ -- 5. Conclusion: Religious Alienation and the Human Subject -- 3. Political Utopia and the Philosophy of Action -- 1. Ruge: The Realization of Philosophy and Religion in Political Action -- 2. Hess: The Transcendence of Human ‘Pre-History’ in Social Utopia -- 3. Conclusion: The Ethical Will as Creator of the Future -- 4. Schelling’s Philosophy of Mythology and Revelation -- 1. The Critique of Hegel and the Foundations of Positive Philosophy -- 2. The Doctrine of the Powers and the Philosophy of Mythology -- 3. The Process of Salvation and Secular Freedom -- 4. Conclusion: The Fate of Schelling’s Positive Philosophy -- 5. Individualism and Religious Transcendence in Kierkegaard’s Thought -- 1. The Critique of Historical Immanentism -- 2. Christianity and Secular Civilization -- 3. Kierkegaard’s Christian Utopia -- 6. Conclusion -- 1. Religion and Atheistic Humanism in the Critique of Hegel -- 2. The Ambivalence of Hegel’s Synthesis of History and the Absolute -- Notes.
    Abstract: This study is an attempt to examine the relationships between religious belief and the humanism of the Enlightenment in the philosophy of Hegel and of a group of thinkers who related to his thought in various ways during the 1840's. It begins with a study of the ways in which Hegel attempted to evolve a genuinely Christian humanism by his demonstration that the modern understanding of man as a free and rational subject derived its strength and validity from the union of God and human existence in the incarnation. The rest of this study is con­ cerned with two different forms of opposition to Hegel: first, the criti­ cal discipleship of the Young Hegelians and Moses Hess, who insisted that Hegel's notion of Christian humanism was false because religious belief was necessarily inimical to a clear consciousness of social evil and the determination to abolish it; second, the religious opposition to the Enlightenment in the thought of Schelling and Kierkegaard, which emphasized God's transcendence to human reason and the insig­ nificance of secular history. In the years leading up to the revolution of 1848, Hegel's synthesis was rejected in favour of the assertion of atheistic humanism or religious otherworldliness. Chapter One, after discussing the young Hegel's critique of the social and political effects of Christianity, examines the union of religi­ ous belief, speculative philosophy and the rational state in Hegel's mature system.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789400954960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 94
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 94
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: On the Empirical Application of Mathematics and Some of its Philosophical Aspects -- On the Empirical Application of Mathematics: A Comment -- Meaning and Our Mental Life -- Meaning and Our Mental Life: A Comment -- The Persecution of Absolutes: On the Kantian and Neo-Kantian Theories of Science -- Origin and Spontaneity: A Comment -- Cognitive Illusions in Judgment and Choice -- The Past of an Illusion: A Comment -- Molecular Genetics and the Falsifiability of Evolution -- On Experimental Approaches and Evolution: A Comment -- Darwin’s Principle of Divergence as Internal Dialogue -- On Darwin’s Principle of Divergence: A Comment -- Molecular versus Biological Evolution and Programming -- Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay -- On Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment -- The Group Construction of Scientific Knowledge: Gentlemen-Specialists and the Devonian Controversy -- On the Devonian Controversy: A Comment -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences: A Comment -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection is the first proceedings volume of the lectures delivered within the framework of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science, in its year of inauguration 1981-82. It thus marks the beginning of a new venture. Rather than attempting to express an ideology of the l}nity of science, this collection in fact aims at presenting a kaleidoscopic picture of the variety of views about science and within science. Three main disciplines come together in this volume. The first of scientists, the second of historians and sociologists of science, the third of philosophers interested in science. The scientists try to present the scientific body of knowledge in areas where the scientific adventure kindles the imagination of the culture of our time. At the same of course, they register their own reflections on the nature of this body time, of knowledge and on its likely course of future development. For the historians and sociologists, in contrast, science is there to be studied diachronically, as a process, on the one hand, and synchronically, as a social institution, on the other. As for the phil9sophers, finally, their contribution to this series is not meant to remain within the confines of what is usually seen as the philosophy of science proper, or to be limited to the analysis of the scientific mode of reasoning and thinking: it is allowed, indeed encouraged, to encompass alter­ native, and on occasion even competing, modes of thought.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400952515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing, Studies in Comparative Cross-Cultural Research 7
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness and Healing 7
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Public health.
    Abstract: Culture-Bound or Construct-Bound? The Syndromes and DSM-III -- Sorting the Culture-Bound Syndromes -- I: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which some Evidence Supports the Hypothesis of a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor -- A. The Startle Matching Taxon -- The Resolution of the Latah Paradox -- Paradox Lost: The Latah Problem Revisited -- Latah II — Problems with a Purely Symbolic Interpretation: A Reply to Michael G. Kenny -- Shamans and Imu: Among Two Ainu Groups — Toward a Cross-Cultural Model of Interpretation -- Commentary -- B. The Sleep Paralysis Taxon -- Uqamairineq and Uqumanigianiq: Eskimo Sleep Paralysis -- The Old Hag Phenomenon as Sleep Paralysis: A Biocultural Interpretation -- Commentary -- II: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric Interest in which a Neurophysiological Shaping Factor is only Suspected -- A. The Genital Retraction Taxon -- Koro — A Cultural Disease -- Koro in a Nigerian Male Patient: A Case Report -- The Koro Pattern of Depersonalization in an American Schizophrenic Patient -- Indigenous Koro, A Genital Retraction Syndrome of Insular Southeast Asia: A Critical Review -- Commentary -- B. The Sudden Mass Assault Taxon -- Ethno-Behaviorism and the Culture-Bound Syndromes: The Case of Amok -- Sudden Mass Assault with Grenade: An Epidemic Amok Form from Laos -- The Amok Syndrome in Papua and New Guinea -- Amok -- Commentary -- C. The Running Taxon -- Pibloktoq (Hysteria) Among the Polar Eskimo: An Ethnopsychiatric Study -- Grisi Siknis in Miskito Culture -- The Transformation of Arctic Hysteria -- Commentary -- III: Folk Illnesses Usually Listed as Culture-Bound Psychiatric Syndromes which should Probably No Longer be so Considered -- A. The Fright Illness Taxon -- The Folk Illness Called Susto -- Saladera — A Culture-Bound Misfortune Syndrome in the Peruvian Amazon -- Lanti, Illness by Fright Among Bisayan Filipinos -- Mogo Laya, A New Guinea Fright Illness -- Commentary -- B. The Cannibal Compulsion Taxon -- Windigo Psychosis: The Anatomy of an Emic-Etic Confusion -- Commentaries and Replies -- Commentary -- Append -- Glossary of ‘Culture-Bound’ or Folk Psychiatric Syndromes -- Charles C. Hughes -- List of Contributors -- to the Index.
    Abstract: In the last few years there has been a great revival of interest in culture-bound psychiatric syndromes. A spate of new papers has been published on well known and less familiar syndromes, and there have been a number of attempts to put some order into the field of inquiry. In a review of the literature on culture-bound syndromes up to 1969 Yap made certain suggestions for organizing thinking about them which for the most part have not received general acceptance (see Carr, this volume, p. 199). Through the seventies new descriptive and conceptual work was scarce, but in the last few years books and papers discussing the field were authored or edited by Tseng and McDermott (1981), AI-Issa (1982), Friedman and Faguet (1982) and Murphy (1982). In 1983 Favazza summarized his understanding of the state of current thinking for the fourth edition of the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, and a symposium on culture-bound syndromes was organized by Kenny for the Eighth International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology. The strong­ est impression to emerge from all this recent work is that there is no substantive consensus, and that the very concept, "culture-bound syndrome" could well use some serious reconsideration. As the role of culture-specific beliefs and prac­ tices in all affliction has come to be increasingly recognized it has become less and less clear what sets the culture-bound syndromes apart.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401577199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Kiener, Ronald C. Rudavsky's "Divine Omniscience and Omnipotence" 1988
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 25
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Medieval.
    Abstract: Introductory -- Divine Omniscience, Omnipotence and Future Contingents: An Overview -- Nos Ipsi Principia Sumus: Boethius and the Basis of Contingency -- Islamic Perspectives -- Wrongdoing and Divine Omnipotence in the Theology of Ab? Is??q An-Na???m -- Can God do What is Wrong? -- Divine Omniscience and Future Contingents in Alfarabi and Avicenna -- Some Reflections on the Problem of Future Contingency in Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes -- Jewish Perspectives -- The Binding of Isaac: A Test-Case of Divine Foreknowledge -- Philosophical Exegesis in Historical Perspective: The Case of the Binding of Isaac -- Providence, Divine Omniscience and Possibility: The Case of Maimonides -- Divine Omniscience, Contingency and Prophecy in Gersonides -- Christian Perspectives -- Divine Omnipotence in the Early Sentences -- Divine Knowledge, Divine Power and Human Freedom in Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent -- The Dialectic of Omnipotence in the High and Late Middle Ages.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401769747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 244 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401094498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One. The Theory of Justice -- I The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
    Abstract: The following pages contain a theory of justice and a theory of law. Justice will be defined as the demand for a system of laws, and law as an established regulation which applies equally throughout a society and is backed by force. The demand for a system of laws is met by means of a legal system. The theory will have to include what the system and the laws are in­ tended to regulate. The reference is to all men and their possessions in a going concern. In the past all such theories have been discussed only in terms of society, justice as applicable to society and the laws promul­ gated within it. However, men and their societies are not the whole story: in recent centuries artifacts have played an increasingly important role. To leave them out of all consideration in the theory would be to leave the theory itself incomplete and even distorted. For the key conception ought to be one not of society but of culture. Society is an organization of men but culture is something more. I define culture (civilization has often been employed as a synonym) as an organization of men together with their material possessions. Such possessions consist in artifacts: material objects which have been altered through human agency in order to reduce human needs. The makers of the artifacts are altered by them. Men have their possessions together, and this objectifies and consolidates the culture.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. The Theory of JusticeI The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401165013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering -- 2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
    Abstract: Rock mechanics is a field of applied science which has become recognised as a coherent engineering discipline within the last two decades. It consists of a body of knowledge of the mechanical properties of rock, various techniques for the analysis of rock stress under some imposed perturbation, a set of established principles expressing rock mass response to load, and a logical methodology for applying these notions and techniques to real physical prob­ lems. Some of the areas where application of rock mechanics concepts have been demonstrated to be of industrial value include surface and subsurface construction, mining and other methods of mineral recovery, geothermal energy recovery and subsurface hazardous waste isolation. In many cases, the pressures of industrial demand for rigour and precision in project or process design have led to rapid evolution of the engineering discipline, and general improvement in its basis in both the geosciences and engineering mechanics. An intellectual commitment in some outstanding research centres to the proper development of rock mechanics has now resulted in a capacity for engineering design in rock not conceivable two decades ago. Mining engineering is an obvious candidate for application of rock mechanics principles in the design of excavations generated by mineral extrac­ tion. A primary concern in mining operations, either on surface or underground, is loosely termed 'ground control', i. e.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170628
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: Flat-Panel Displays and CRTs, a review of electronic information display devices, is the first sys­ tematic and comprehensive coverage of the subject. It is intended to distill our wealth of knowledge of flat-panel displays and CRTs from their beginnings to the present state of the art. Historical perspective, theory of operation, and specific applications are all thoroughly covered. The field of display engineering is a multidisciplined technical pursuit with the result that its individual disciplines suffer from a lack of communications and limited perspective. Many previ­ ously developed standards for, and general understanding of, one technology are often inappro­ priate for another. Care has been taken here to document the old, incorporate the new, and emphasize commonalities. Criteria for performance have been standardized to enable an expert in one display technology, such as liquid crystals, to compare his device performance with that offered by another technology, such as electroluminescence. This book has been written with a second purpose in mind, to wit, to be the vehicle by means of which a new scientist or engineer can be introduced into the display society. It is organized to be tutorial for use in instructional situations. The first chapters begin with first principles and defini­ tions; the middle chapters set out requirements and criteria; and the last chapters give a complete description of each major technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401171182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1:Technology for CADCAM -- The present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology — five years ahead -- CAE — a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education — the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business — a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM — a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM — the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM — users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1:Technology for CADCAMThe present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology - five years ahead -- CAE - a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education - the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business - a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM - a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM - the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM - users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401097260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 515 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: 1. Third World Epistemology -- 2. Psychoanalysis, Pseudo-Science and Testability -- 3. Popper and the Mind-Body Problem -- 4. Social Facts and Psychological Facts -- 5. Methodological Individualism: An Incongruity in Popper’s Philosophy -- 6. Popper and Liberalism -- 7. Making Sense of Critical Dualism -- 8. Beyond Cultural Relativism -- 9. Good and Bad Arguments against Historicism -- 10. Popper’s Critique of Marx’s Method -- 11. Popper and German Social Philosophy -- 12. Socrates and Democracy -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Although Sir Karl Popper's contributions to a number of diverse areas of philosophy are widely appreciated, serious criticism of his work has tended to focus on his philosophy of the natural sciences. This volume contains twelve critical essays on Popper's contribution to what we have called the 'human sciences' , a category broad enough to include not only Popper's views on the methods of the social sciences but also his views on the relation of mind and body, Freud's psychology, and the status of cultural objects. Most of our contributors are philosophers whose own work stands outside the Popperian framework. We hope that this has resulted in a volume whose essays confront not merely the details of Popper's argu­ ments but also the very presuppositions of his thinking. With one exception, the essays appear here for the first time. The exception is L.J. Cohen's paper, which is a revised and considerably expanded ver­ sion of a paper first published in the British Journalfor the Philosophy of Science for June 1980. We would like to thank Loraine Hawkins and Jane Hogg for their editorial assistance and June O'Donnell for typing various manuscripts and all the correspondence which a volume of essays entails.
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Historical Analyses -- Virtue and Health/Medicine in Pre-Christian Antiquity -- Virtue and Medicine from Early Christianity Through the Sixteenth Century -- Virtue and Medicine During the Enlightenment in Germany -- Virtues, Etiquette, and Anglo-American Medical Ethics in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- Section II / Theories of Virtue -- Virtue and Vice -- Two Cheers for Meno: The Definition of the Virtues -- Critique of Pure Virtue: Animadversions on a Virtue-Based Ethics -- The Virtues: A Theological Analysis -- Section III / Virtue and medicine -- Virtues and Vices: The Social and Historical Construction of Medical Norms -- The Virtues of Medicine: Meaning and Import -- Virtue and Medicine: A Physician’s Analysis -- The Virtuous Physician, and the Ethics of Medicine -- Virtue and the Practice of Nursing -- The Virtuous Patient -- Virtue and Public Health: Societal Obligation and Individual Need -- Section IV / Critique -- What’s So Special About the Virtues? -- Against Virtue: A Deontological Critique of Virtue Theory in Medical Ethics -- On Medicine and Virtue: A Response -- Notes on Contributors.
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback 47
    Series Statement: Sovietica 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Death of Stalin -- 2. The Ordinary Soviet Russian -- 3. “Thieves” in the USSR as a Social Phenomenon -- 4. The Psychology of the Soviet Leaders -- 5. The Inner World of the Soviet Intelligentsia -- 6. The Revival of the Russian Intelligentsia and Dissent -- 7. The Russian Intelligentsia and Its Religious Revival -- 8. Free Literature and Songs -- 9. Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov -- 10. Yuri Andropov: A Recent Leader of Russia -- 11. The Impact of the Russian Past on Its Present -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I have been working on this book since leaving Russia in April of 1972. It was my wish to write this book in English, and there were what seemed to me to be serious reasons for doing so. In recent years there has appeared a wealth of literature, in Russian, about Russia. As a rule, this literature has been published outside the USSR by authors who still live in the Soviet Union or who have only recently left it. A fair amount of important literature is being translated into English, but I believe it will be read main­ ly by specialists in Russian studies, or by those who have a great interest in the subject already. The majority of Russian authors write, of course, for the Russian reader or for an imagined Western public. It is my feeling that Russian authors have serious difficulties in understanding the men­ tality of Westerners, and that there still exists a gap between the visions of Russians and non-Russians. I have made my humble attempt to bridge ~his gap and I will be happy if I am even partly successful. The Russian world is indeed fascinating. Many people who visit Russia for a few days or weeks find it a country full of historical charm, fantastic architecture and infinite mystery. For many inside the country, especial­ ly for those in conflict with the Soviet authorities.
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  • 65
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401097383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 97
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 97
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I: Attitude and Horizon -- II: Reality and Practicability -- III: Work and Labour -- IV: Diversification of Action: History and Technology -- V: Playing -- VI: Political Activity -- VII: Moral Activity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Hartshorne’s Approach -- 1. The Religious Term “God” -- 2. Hartshorne’s Method -- II Hartshorne’s Concept of God -- 3. God’s Reality -- 4. God’s Knowledge -- 5. God’s Power -- 6. God’s Goodness -- Concluding Remarks -- Postscript -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: One of the controversial issQes which have recently come into prominence among philosophers and theologians is how one should understand the term l God. It seems that, despite the fact that a certain idea of God is assumed by not most, people, there is a degree of disagreement over the meaning many, if of the term. "God" is generally taken to refer to a supreme Being, the Creator, who is perfect and self-existent, holy, personal and loving. This understanding of "God" corresponds to what many have either been brought up to believe in or have come to accept as the meaning of this word. Neverthe­ less, theists appear to be defending a particular idea of God and to be accusing atheists of attacking another, one which does not tie in with the theistic interpretation. Cardinal Maximos IV, for instance, is quoted as saying, "The God the atheists don't believe in is a God I don't believe in either. "2 On the other hand, atheists have been challenging believers to explain clearly what they mean by "God" because these critics cannot see how that idea can have any acceptable meaning. Furthermore, theists them­ selves seem to be divided over the issue. H. P. Owen in his book Concepts of Deity shows quite convincingly that there is "a bewildering variety of concepts of God" among theists. ' One has only to ask around for confirma­ tion of this observation.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400952355
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 18
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: One/ The Social and Scientific Setting -- I/ The Status of the Physician -- II/ Theories of Health and Disease -- III/ Attitudes Toward Death -- Two/ The Rise of Medical Ethics -- IV/ Who was Hippocrates? -- V/ The Hippocratic Oath -- Three/ Abortion and Euthanasia -- VI/ The Problem of Abortion -- VII/ The Problem of Euthanasia -- VIII/ The Physician’s Moral Responsibility -- IX/ Conclusion -- X/ Epilogue -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Principles of Medical Ethics -- Appendix B -- A Patient’s Bill of Rights -- Appendix C -- Declaration of Geneva -- Notes -- Select Bibliography.
    Abstract: The idea of reviewing the ethical concerns of ancient medicine with an eye as to how they might instruct us about the extremely lively disputes of our own contemporary medicine is such a natural one that it surprises us to real­ ize how very slow we have been to pursue it in a sustained way_ Ideologues have often seized on the very name of Hippocrates to close off debate about such matters as abortion and euthanasia - as if by appeal to a well-known and sacred authority that no informed person would care or dare to oppose_ And yet, beneath the polite fakery of such reference, we have deprived our­ selves of a familiarity with the genuinely 'unsimple' variety of Greek and Roman reflections on the great questions of medical ethics. The fascination of recovering those views surely depends on one stunning truism at least: humans sicken and die; they must be cared for by those who are socially endorsed to specialize in the task; and the changes in the rounds of human life are so much the same from ancient times to our own that the disputes and agreements of the past are remarkably similar to those of our own.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400953451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary Evalutation of the Duhem-Quine Thesis -- On Science and Phenomenology -- Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas -- The ‘Innateness Hypothesis’ and Explanatory Models in Linguistics -- The Epistemological Argument -- Conceptual Revolutions in Science -- Is Logic Empirical? -- Empiricism at Bay? Revisions and a New Defense -- Empiricism at Sea -- Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis -- A Note on the Concept of Scientific Practice -- Explanation and Evolution -- Constraints on Science -- Complex Scientific Problems -- Experiment, Theory, Practice -- Perception, Representation, and the Forms of Action: Towards an Historical Epistemology -- Analysis as a Method of Discovery During the Scientific Revolution -- Biological Competition: Decision Rules, Pattern Formation, and Oscillations -- Valuation and Objectivity in Science -- Reflections on the Philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger -- Name Index. .
    Abstract: The Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science began 2S years ago as an interdisciplinary, interuniversity collaboration of friends and colleagues in philosophy, logic, the natural sciences and the social sciences, psychology, religious studies, arts and literature, and often the celebrated man-in-the­ street. Boston University came to be the home base. Within a few years, pro­ ceedings were seen to be candidates for publication, first suggested by Gerald Holton for the journal Synthese within the Synthese Library, both from the D. Reidel Publishing Company of Dordrecht, then and now in Boston and Lancaster too. Our colloquium was inheritor of the Institute for the Unity of Science, itself the American transplant of the Vienna Circle, and we were repeatedly honored by encouragement and participation of the Institute's central figure, Philipp Frank. The proceedings were selected, edited, revised in the light of the discussions at our colloquia, and then other volumes were added which were derived from other symposia, in Boston or elsewhere. A friendly autonomy, in­ dependent of the Synthese Library proper, existed for more than a decade and then the Boston Studies became fully separate. We were grateful to Jaakko Hintikka for his continued encouragement within that Library. The series Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science was conceived in the broadest framework of interdisciplinary and international concerns. Natural scientists, mathematicians, social scientists and philosophers have contributed to the series, as have historians and sociologists of science, linguists, psychologists, physicians, and literary critics. .
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  • 69
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401099363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Context -- 1. From Phenomenology to Pope John XXIII -- 2. From Humanae Salutis to the Opening of the Council -- 3. The Developing Consciousness of the Bishops in Council -- 4. The Influence of Pacem in Terris -- II Ambiguities, Technicalities and Adjustments -- 5. The Ambiguities: Integralism, Pluralism and Communication -- 6. Phenomenology in the Context of Vatican II -- 7. The Dynamics of an Adjusting Ecclesial Consciousness -- III The Final Achievement -- 8. The New Ecclesial Hermeneutics -- 9. The Church in the Modern World -- 10. The Vertical Dimension of the New Ecclesial Hermeneutics -- Epilogue: The Moral Challenge of the New Global Task -- Technical Excursus (I–IX).
    Abstract: The thesis of this essay may be stated quite briefly: Vatican II is a demonstration­ model of the phenomenological method employed on an international scale. It exemplifies the final developmental stage, postulated by Husserl, of an inter­ subjective phenomenology which would take its point of departure, not from individual subjectivity, but from transcendental intersubjectivity. Vatican II, accordingly, offers a unique application of a universal transcendental philosophy in the field of religious reflection for the practical purposes of moral and socio­ cultural renewal. Phenomenology, as a distinctively European development, is relatively un­ known in America - at least in its pure form. Our contact with this style of 1 intuitive reflection is usually filtered through psychology or sociology. How­ ever, Edmund Husserl, The Father of Phenomenology, was originally trained in mathematics, and he entered the field of philosophy because he recognized 2 that the theoretical foundations of modern science were disintegrating. He foresaw that, unless this situation were rectified, modern men would eventually slip into an attitude of absolute scepticism, relativism, and pragmatism. After the First World War he saw this theoretical problem mirrored more and more in the social turbulence of Europe, and his thoughts turned to the need for a 3 renewal at all levels of life. In 1937 when Nazism was triumphant in Germany, and Europe on the brink of World War II, he wrote his last major work, The 4 Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Philosophy.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400953390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One: Introduction: The Immortal Chimpanzee at its Typewriter -- A. Plenitude and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- B. Plenitude and Atomist Cosmology? -- C. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Two: The Legacy of Aristotle -- A. Pitfalls -- B. Three Types of Necessity -- C. Aristotle’s Fundamental Modal Principle -- D. Absolute Necessity and the Ultimate Mover -- E. Aristotle and Determinism -- F. The Energeia-Kin?sis Distinction and Aristotelian Determinism -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Three: Diodorean Fatalism -- A. Diodorus the Megarian? -- B. Diodorus’Denial of Motion -- C. Diodorus’ Account of the Alethic Modalities and His Fatalism -- D. The Master Argument and Diodorean Fatalism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Four: Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- A. The Avoidance of Necessity and Retention of Fate -- B. “Obscure Causes” and Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- C. “What Is Up to Us” and Fate -- D. Chrysippean and Spinozistic Reconciliationism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Peripatetic Polemics -- A. Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions of Heimarmen? -- B. Causal/Temporal Sequences: Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions -- C. A Fronte Conditional Necessity -- D. A Tergo Conditional Necessity -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Cosmic Cycles, Time, and Determinism -- A. Two Versions of Cosmic Cycles -- B. Cosmic Cycles and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- C. Cosmic Cycles and the Actuality of the Future -- D. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Seven: Plotinus and Human Autonomy -- A. Book III of the Nicomachean Ethics and its Aftermath -- B. A Stoic Metaphysical Move -- C. Moral Responsibility and Aristotle’s Predicament -- D. Plotinus and Ennead 3 -- E. Plotinus and Ennead 6 -- F. The Constative and Performative Views of Responsibility-Attribution -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Eight: Philosophical Postscript -- A. The Temporal-Frequency Model of the Alethic Modalities -- B. Responsibility and Determinism -- Notes -- Notes -- Index Locorum -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It is not very surprising that it was no less true in antiquity than it is today that adult human beings are held to be responsible for most of their actions. Indeed, virtually all cultures in all historical periods seem to have had some conception of human agency which, in the absence of certain responsibility-defeating conditions, entails such responsibility. Few philosophers have had the temerity to maintain that this entailment is trivial because such responsibility-defeating conditions are always present. Another not very surprising fact is that ancient thinkers tended to ascribe integrality to "what is" (to on). That is, they typically regarded "what is" as a cosmos or whole with distinguishable parts that fit together in some coherent or cohesive manner, rather than either as a "unity" with no parts or as a collection containing members (ta onta or "things that are") standing in no "natural" relations to one another. 1 The philoso­ phical problem of determinism and responsibility may, I think, best be characterized as follows: it is the problem of preserving the phenomenon of human agency (which would seem to require a certain separateness of individual human beings from the rest of the cosmos) when one sets about the philosophical or scientific task of explaining the integrality of "what is" by means of the development of a theory of causation or explanation ( concepts that came to be lumped together by the Greeks under the term "aitia") .
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  • 71
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Emergency medicine ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Public health. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: A Movable Medical Crisis -- Moral Absurdities in Critical Care Medicine: Commentary on a Parable -- Moral Tensions in Critical Care Medicine: “Absurdities” as Indications of Finitude -- “Conceptual Construals” vs. Moral Experience: A Rejoinder -- Can Principles Survive in Situations of Critical Care? -- Coercion, Conversation and the Casuist: A Reply to Jay Katz -- Justice and the Hippocratic Tradition of Acting for the Good of the Sick -- Clinical Ethics and Resource Allocation: The Problem of Chronic Illness in Childhood -- Moral Choice, the Good of the Patient, and the Patient’s Good -- What Good is Another Paper on The Good? No Codes and Dr. Pellegrino -- Allocating Resources Within Health Care: Critical Care vs. Prevention -- Report of the President’s 2003 Commission on the Fall of Medicine -- Triage and Critical Care -- The Ethics of Critical Care in Cross-Cultural Perspective -- Triage: Philosophical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives -- Critical Care in an Historical Context -- Commentary on Stanley J. Reiser’s ‘Critical Care in an Historical Context’ -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The expense of critical care and emergency medicine, along with widespread expectations for good care when the need arises, pose hard moral and political problems. How should we spend our tax d'ollars, and who should get help? The purpose of this volume is to reflect upon our choices. The authors whose papers appear herein identify major difficulties and offer various solutions to them. Four topics are discussed throughout the volume: First, encounters between patients and health professionals in critical situations in general, and where scarcity makes rationing necessary; second, allocation and social policy, including how much to spend on preventive, chronic or critical care medicine, or for medicine in general compared to other important social projects; third, conflicts between or ranking of important goals and values; and fourth, conceptual issues affecting the choices we make. Since these topics are raised by the authors in almost every essay, we did not divide the papers into separate sections within the volume. Warren Reich begins the volume with a parable illustrating a key problem for contemporary medicine and two very different approaches to its solution. His story begins with the "delivery" of three indigent, critically ill, foreign patients to the emergency room of a large American private hospital. Although the hospital is legally bound to care for these patients, providing long term, high cost care for them and others soon becomes a major financial strain.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789400952874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 3. Life Science: From Biology to Psychology -- 1. Life and its Study -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Moderns -- 4. Brain and Mind -- 5. Strife Over Mind -- 6. From Biology to Sociology -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 4. Social Science: From Anthropology to History -- 1. Society and its Study -- 2. Anthropology -- 3. Linguistics -- 4. Sociology and Politology -- 5. Economics -- 6. History -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 5. Technology: from Engineering to Decision Theory -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Classical Technologies -- 3. Information Technology -- 4. Sociotechnology -- 5. General Technology -- 6. Technology in Society -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 73
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Natural Philosophy of Leibniz -- The Problem of Indiscernibles in Leibniz’s 1671 Mechanics -- Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Middle Years -- Why Motion is Only a Well-Founded Phenomenon -- Monadic Relations -- Miracles and Laws -- The Status of Scientific Laws in the Leibnizian System -- Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- Leibniz and Kant on Mathematical and Philosophical Knowledge -- Leibniz’s Theory of Time -- Leibniz and Scientific Realism.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Philosophy and Transcendental Thinking -- 2: The Manifest Image and the Scientific Image -- I Conceptualizing the World -- II The Stereoscopic View of the World -- 3: The Myth of the Given World, Knowledge, and Language -- I The Myth and its Constituents -- II What is Wrong with the Myth? -- 4: Scientific Realism — Science’s Own Philosophy -- I Kant and Scientific Realism -- II General Arguments for Scientific Realism -- Appendix on Quantum Mechanics, Bell’s Inequalities, and Scientific Realism -- 5: Methodological Arguments for Scientific Realism -- I The Theoretician’s Dilemma and Scientific Realism -- II Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- III Quantificational Depth and the Methodological Usefulness of Theoretical Concepts -- IV A Scientific Realist’s View of the Role of Theoretical Concepts -- 6: Internal Realism -- I Metaphysical and Internal Realism -- II Causal Internal Realism -- III Picturing -- 7: Science as the Measure of What There is -- I On the Various Kinds of Scientific Realism -- II Ontology and the Scope of the scientia mensura-thesis -- 8: Social Action and Systems Theory -- I The Conceptual Nature of Social Action -- II We-intentions and Social Action -- III Joint Action and Systems Theory -- 9: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge -- I Truth and Explanation in the Context of Scientific Growth -- II A Pragmatic Account of Scientific Explanation -- III What is Best Explanation? -- IV Inductive Logic, Epistemic Truth, and Best Explanation -- V Scientific Realism and the Growth of Science -- 10: Science, Prescience, and Pseudoscience -- I The Method of Science -- II Science and Prescience -- III Magic and Religion -- IV Pseudoscience -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Were one to characterize the aims of this book ambitiously, it could be said to sketch the philosophical foundations or underpinnings of the scientific world view or, better, of the scientific conception of the world. In any case, it develops a comprehensive philosophical view, one which takes science seri­ ously as the best method for getting to know the ontological aspects of the world. This view is a kind of scientific realism - causal internal realism, as it is dubbed in the book. This brand of realism is "tough" in matters of ontology but "soft" in matters of semantics and epistemology. An ancestor of the book was published in Finnish under the title Tiede, toiminta ja todellisuus (Gaudeamus, 1983). That book is a shortish undergraduate-level monograph. However, as some research-level chapters have been added, the present book is perhaps best regarded as suited for more advanced readers. I completed the book while my stay at the University of Wisconsin in Madison as a Visiting Professor under the Exchange Program between the Universities of Wisconsin and Helsinki. I gratefully acknowledge this support. I also wish to thank Juhani Saalo and Martti Kuokkanen for comments on the manuscript and for editorial help. Dr Matti Sintonen translated the Finnish ancestor of this book into English, to be used as a partial basis for this work. His translation was supported by a grant from Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden edistamisvarat. Finally, and as usual, I wish to thank Mrs.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789400953826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 44
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Behavior Settings as a Basis for Social System Accounts -- 2. The Usefulness of Behavior Settings for Classifying and Describing Human Activities in a Community -- 3. Behavior Settings and Objective Social Indicators -- 4. The Classification of Behavior Settings in Social System Accounts -- 5. The Classification of Roles in Social System Accounts -- 6. The Classification of Stocks of Physical Capital and Consumer Durables in Social System Accounts -- 7. The Classification and Delineation of Communities and Regions in Social System Accounts -- 8. A Behavior Setting Approach to Microanalytical Simulation Models at the Community Level -- 9. Some Broader Implications of Behavior Settings for the Social Sciences -- 10. Social System Accounts Based on Behavior Settings: Some Next Steps -- References -- Appendix I. Behavior Settings, Ecological Psychology, and Eco-Behavioral Science: Some Annotated References to the Basic Literature -- Appendix II. Selected Publications and Unpublished Manuscripts by Karl A. Fox and Associates Making Use of Behavior Setting Concepts -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This book results from a research program on which I have spent most of my time since 1974. It addresses two of the major problems facing social system account ing: how to measure and account for nonmarket activities and how to combine social and economic indicators. The solution I propose is accounts based on behavior settings, a concept originated by Roger G. Barker more than thirty years ago. Behavior settings are the natural units of social activity into which people sort themselves to get on with the busi­ ness of daily life--grocery stores, school classes, reI i­ gious services, meetings, athletic events, and so on. The descriptive power of behavior settings has been established in surveys of complete communities in the United States and England, of high schools ranging in size from fewer than 100 to more than 2000 students, of rehabilitation centers in hospitals, and of several other types of organizations. Behavior settings are empirical facts of everyday life. A description of a community or an organization in terms of behavior settings corresponds to common experi­ ence. In many cases, small establishments are behavior settings; the paid roles in behavior settingsare occupa­ tions; and the buildings and equipment of establishments are the buildings and equipment of behavior settings.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400952850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 45
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I / Ethical Universalizability: A Variety of Theses -- The How and Why of Universalizability -- II / Universalizability and Ethical Consistency -- Universalizability and the Generalization Principle -- The Universalizability Dilemma -- Universalizability and the Commitment to Impartiality -- Reflections on a Passage in Mill’s Utilitarianism -- Reason, Impartiality and Utilitarianism -- Abortion and the Civil Rights of Machines -- III / Kantian Universalizability -- Consistency in Action -- Kantian Universalizability and the Objectivity of Moral Judgments -- IV / Consequentialist Universalizability -- Utilitarianism, Universalization, Heteronomy and Necessity -- The Deontic Structure of the Generalization Argument -- Moral Reasons and the Generalization Test in Ethics -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the past 25 years or so, the issue of ethical universalizability has figured prominently in theoretical as well as practical ethics. The term, 'universaliz­ ability' used in connection with ethical considerations, was apparently first introduced in the mid-1950s by R. M. Hare to refer to what he characterized as a logical thesis about certain sorts of evaluative sentences (Hare, 1955). The term has since been used to cover a broad variety of ethical considerations including those associated with the ideas of impartiality, consistency, justice, equality, and reversibility as well as those raised in the familar questions: 'What if everyone did that?' and 'How would you like it if someone did that to you? But this recent effloresence of the use of the term 'universalizability' is something that has deep historical roots, and has been central in various forms to the thinking about morality of some of the greatest and most influential philosophers in the western tradition. While the term is relatively new, the ideas it is now used to express have a long history. Most of these ideas and questions have been or can be formulated into a principle to be discussed, criticized, or defended. As we discuss these ideas below this prin­ ciple will be stated on a separate numbered line. The concepts of justice and equality were closely linked in Greek thought. These connections between these two concepts are apparent even in two authors who were hostile to the connection, Plato and Aristotle.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789400953949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I: N?ge?a’s Interpretation of the BP -- 1. The Structure of N?ge?a’s discussion -- 2. The Meanings of A?ga -- 3. The Justifications of the Paribh??? -- 4. Restrictions on the Use of the BP -- 5. The Two-Word Principle -- 6. Summary and Illustrations -- II: More from the P? on PAR. L -- 7. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (I) -- 8. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (II) -- 9. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a and ?e??drisudh? -- 10. An Apparent Contradiction Resolved -- 11. Excursus: On the Development of Certain of N?ge?a’s Ideas Regarding the Philosophy of Grammar -- 12. A Use of BP2 in the Context of BP1 -- III: The Remainder of the P? -- 13. Par. LI -- 14. Further Passages from the P? -- IV: What Went Wrong? -- 15. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a on Par. L -- 16. Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- I. The Original Text of the Paribh??endu?ekhara on Par. L -- III. On the Relative Chronology of N?ge?a’s Grammatical Works -- IV. Changes in N?ge?a’s Opinions Regarding the BP and the NP -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book was written as a doctoral thesis. It was submitted to and accepted by the University of Poona in 1979. Several people contributed to the creation of this book, in various ways. Prof. S. D. Joshi, my supervisor, introduced me to the study of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition. His unfailing skepticism towards and disagreement with the ideas worked out in this book contributed more to their development than he may have been aware. Prof. Paul Kiparsky gave encouragement when this was badly needed. In the years following 1979 Dr. Dominik Wujastyk was kind enough to read the manuscript and suggest improvements in language and style. To all of these lowe a debt of gratitude, but most of all lowe such a debt to Pandit Shivarama Krishna Shastri. In the course of several years he read with me many portions of Nagesa's grammatical and other works, and much besides. His ability to understand difficult grammatical and philosophical texts in Sanskrit was unequalled, and without his help it would have taken far longer to write this book and indeed might very well have proved impossible. Shivarama Krishna Shastri never saw the result of our reading; he died before this book could appear in print. I dedicate it to his memory. J. BRONKHORST Xl INTRODUCTION In the following pages an attempt will be made to establish that the part of Nagesa's Paribha$endusekhara (PS) which deals with Par.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 9
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- Knowledge Producers and Knowledge Acquirers: Popularisation as a Relation Between Scientific Fields and Their Publics -- I Expository Contexts and Knowledge Types -- Expository Practice: Social, Cognitive and Epistemological Linkage -- Popularisation within the Sciences: The Purposes and Consequences of Inter-Specialist Communication -- Representing Geology: Textual Structures in the Pedagogical Presentation of Science -- Attuning Science to Culture: Scientific and Popular Discussion in Dutch Sociology of Education, 1960–1980 -- The Reaction to Political Radicalism and the Popularisation of Political Economy in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain: The Case of ‘Productive’ and ‘Unproductive’ Labour -- II The Scientific Appropriation of Major Publics -- Media Sensationalisation and Science: The Case of the Criminal Chromosome -- Speaking out about Competition: An Essay on The Double Helix as Popularisation -- Popularisation and Scientific Controversy: The Case of the Theory of Relativity in France -- The Cathedral of French Science: The Early Years of the Palais de la Découverte -- Spreading the Spirit of Science: Social Determinants of the Popularisation of Science in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Meets the Atom Bomb -- III The Social Appropriation of Science -- Industrial Science as a “Show”: A Case-Study of Georges Claude -- Popular Political Economy for the British Working Class Reader in the Nineteenth Century -- IV A Practitioner’s View of Popularisation -- Impacts of Present-Day Popularisation.
    Abstract: The prevailing view of scientific popularization, both within academic circles and beyond, affirms that its objectives and procedures are unrelated to tasks of cognitive development and that its pertinence is by and large restricted to the lay public. Consistent with this view, popularization is frequently portrayed as a logical and hence inescapable consequence of a culture dominated by science-based products and procedures and by a scientistic ideology. On another level, it is depicted as a quasi-political device for chan­ nelling the energies of the general public along predetermined paths; examples of this are the nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution and the U. S. -Soviet space race. Alternatively, scientific popularization is described as a carefully contrived plan which enables scientists or their spokesmen to allege that scientific learn­ ing is equitably shared by scientists and non-scientists alike. This manoeuvre is intended to weaken the claims of anti-scientific protesters that scientists monopolize knowledge as a means of sustaining their social privileges. Pop­ ularization is also sometimes presented as a psychological crutch. This, in an era of increasing scientific specialisation, permits the researchers involved to believe that by transcending the boundaries of their narrow fields, their endeavours assume a degree of general cognitive importance and even extra­ scientific relevance. Regardless of the particular thrust of these different analyses it is important to point out that all are predicated on the tacit presupposition that scientific popularization belongs essentially to the realm of non-science, or only concerns the periphery of scientific activity.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789400952058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosphy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 38
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences Methodology ; Social sciences ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: I. Major Problems of the USSR Economy at the Modern Stage -- 1. Fundamentals of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 2. Modern State of the Economy of the USSR -- 3. Urgent Problems of Management of the USSR Economy -- 4. A Brief History -- II. Problems of Optimum of the National Economy of the USSR -- 5. Some Problems of the Theory of Optimal Functioning of the Socialist Economy -- 6. Various Notions of the National Economic Criterion of Optimality of the Socialist Economy -- 7. The Local Criterion of Optimality -- III. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensiv Planning and Management of the Socialist Economy -- 8. Main Elements of the System of Comprehensive Planning the Socialist Economy -- 9. Methodological Problems of National Economic Prediction -- 10. Problems of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 11. Fundamentals of the System of Models of Medium-Term National Economic Planning -- 12. Multistep Approach to Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 13. Balance Intersectoral Models -- IV. Models of the Optimal Forward Planning of the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 14. The Sectoral Mathematical Models of Forward Optimal Planning -- 15. The Model of the Transport Complex -- 16. The Mathematical Model of the Upper Level of the National Economy -- 17. Models of Economic Regions -- 18. A Set of Models for Predicting the Social and Economic Results from Realization of the Optimal Plan -- 19. The Procedure of Elaboration of the Optimal Socially Balanced Plan of Developing the National Economy -- V. A Set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 20. A set of the Medium-Term Planning Models for Developing the National Economy -- 21. A Dynamic Single-Sector Model with Structural Non-equilibrium -- VI. The Multistep System of Models for Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy of the USSR -- 22. The Multistep Optimization of Planning the Development of the National Economy with the Local Criterion of a General Form -- 23. Analysis of the Multistep Optimization with Some Concrete Forms of the Local Criterion -- 24. Analysis of the Intersectoral Model in the Multistep System of Planning the Development of the National Economy -- VII. Some National Economic Models of Planning and Management -- 25. Some Models of Territorial Production Planning -- 26. Some Models of Planned Price Formation -- VIII. The Automated System of Plan Calculations (ASPC) of the State Planning Committee of the USSR -- 27. The Functional Structure of the Automated System of Plan Calculations -- 28. Features of Functioning of the ASPC of the State Planning Committee of the USSR in Various Regimes -- 29. Planning the “Capital Construction” Block in the National Economic Plan of the USSR -- 30. Planning in the “Logistics Support” Block -- 31. Planning in the “Prime Cost and Profit” Block -- 32. Planning in the “Labor and Personnel” Block of Sectoral Subsystems and Complexes -- 33. Project Decisions for a Complex of Software Subsystems of the ASPC of the USSR State Planning Committee -- IX. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Rapid methodological progress is now taking place in the USSR in the solution of the problems of developing both society and economy. A considerable proportion of the total methodological problems of the USSR economy are dealt with in the present monograph. This work is intended for economists, managers and specialists in methodology, sociology and applied mathematics, and it may also be useful to researchers into operations as well as to politicians, philosophers and wide circles of readers interested in the present and future problems of the USSR economy. Readers will find here, I hope, answers to many questions. At the same time this work can be used as a manual for students and post-graduate students investigating countries with centrally planned economies. For his monograph the author has used the material originally developed for a special course of lectures called "Macromodels of Planning". Some sections of the book correspond to the subjects of courses on "Mathematical Programming" and "Operations Research" as well as to the subjects of special courses on "Methods of Vector Optimization", "Stochastic Programming", "Parametric Programming" and "Decomposition Methods of Programming", read by the author from 1971 to 1976 to the graduates and post­ graduates of the department of applied mathematics and management processes at Leningrad University.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400953499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 89
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 89
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I: Self and Society -- Love, Friendship, and Utility: On Practical Reason and Reductionism -- The “Internal Politics” of Biology and the Justification of Biological Theories -- Two Motivations for Rationalism: Descartes and Spinoza -- The Invention of Split Personalities -- Positivism, Sociology, and Practical Reasoning: Notes on Durkheim’s Suicide -- II: Interpreting the Tradition -- Adequate Causes and Natural Change in Descartes’ Philosophy -- Heidegger and the Scandal of Philosophy -- Spinoza and the Ontological Proof -- Tracking Aristotle’s Noûs -- III: Science and Explanation -- Two Kinds of Teleological Explanation -- Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity -- Anthropocentrism Reconsidered -- Location and Existence -- Forms of Aggregativity -- IV: Rencontre -- Descartes and Merleau-Ponty on the Cogito as the Foundation of Philosophy -- The Worst Excess of Cartesian Dualism -- Genius, Scientific Method, and the Stability of Synthetic A Priori Principles -- Should Hume Be Answered or Bypassed? -- V: Reflections -- In and On Friendship -- The Professional Activities of Marjorie Grene -- The Publications of Marjorie Grene -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Everybody knows Marjorie Grene. In part, this is because she is a presence: her vividness, her energy, her acute intelligence, her critical edge, her quick humor, her love of talking, her passion for philosophy - all combine to make her inevitable. Marjorie Grene cannot be missed or overlooked or undervalued. She is there - Dasein personified. It is an honor to present a Festschrift to her. It honors philosophy to honor her. Professor Grene has shaped American philosophy in her distinc­ tive way (or, we should say, in distinctive ways). She was among the first to introduce Heidegger's thought ... critically ... to the American and English philosophical community, first in her early essay in the Journal of Philosophy (1938), and then in her book Heidegger (1957). She has written as well on Jaspers and Marcel, as in the Kenyon Review (1957). Grene's book Dreadful Freedom (1948) was one of the most important and influential introductions to Existentialism, and her works on Sartre have been among the most profound and insightful studies of his philosophy from the earliest to the later writings: her book Sartre (1973), and her papers 'L'Homme est une passion inutile: Sartre and Heideg­ ger' in the Kenyon Review (1947), 'Sartre's Theory of the Emo­ tions' in Yale French Studies (1948), 'Sartre: A Philosophical Study' in Mind (1969), 'The Aesthetic Dialogue of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty' in the initial volume of the Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology (1970), 'On First Reading L'Idiot de.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401178075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 229 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Abstract: 1 Introduction to Needs Assessment -- The Current Practice of Needs Assessment -- Current Needs Assessment Literature -- Problems in the Practice and Theory of Needs Assessment -- Definition of Need -- The Needs Assessment Process -- A Checklist for Designing and Evaluating Needs Assessments -- Summary -- 2 Preparation -- Identifying the Client, Other Audiences, and the Target Population -- Purposes of the Needs Assessment -- Determining Information Needs -- Identifying the Agency or Person that Will Conduct the Assessment -- Needs Assessment Planning: An Example -- Developing the Basic Design -- Converting the Design into a Management Plan -- Institutional Support -- Reaching and Formalizing Agreements to Govern the Assessment -- The Example Revisited -- Appendix 2A: Needs Assessment Planning Chart -- Appendix 2B: Planning Budget -- Appendix 2C: Summary Budget -- Appendix 2D: Memorandum of Agreement Between the School Board and Learning Disabilities Council -- Appendix 2E: Grant Letter -- 3 Information Gathering -- Definition -- Designing and Operationalizing the Information Collection Plan -- Planning Information Collection -- Conducting Observation Procedures -- 4 Analysis -- Preliminary Analysis -- Needs and Strengths Analysis -- Treatments Analysis -- Summary -- 5 Reporting Needs Assessment Information -- General Guidelines -- Reporting Criteria -- Preparing a Reporting Plan -- Functional Elements in Reporting -- Reporting Examples -- Charts, Graphs, and Tables -- Summary -- 6 Evaluating the Needs Assessment -- Why Evaluate a Needs Assessment? -- Standards of a Good Needs Assessment -- Evaluation Questions -- Types of Evaluation -- Summary -- Appendix 6A: Questions for Evaluating a Needs Assessment -- Appendix 6B: Checklist for Judging the Adequacy of an Evaluation Design -- Appendix A: Establishing Validity and Reliability in Instrumentation -- Appendix B: Techniques for Analyzing Needs Assessment Information.
    Abstract: What goals should be addressed by educational programs? What priorities should be assigned to the different goals? What funds should be allocated to each goal? How can quality services be maintained with declining school enrollments and shrinking revenues? What programs could be cut if necessary? The ebb and flow of the student population, the changing needs of our society and the fluctuation of resources constantly impinge on the education system. Educators must deal with students, communities, and social institutions that are dynamic, resulting in changing needs. It is in the context of attempting to be responsive to these changes, and to the many wishes and needs that schools are asked to address, that needs assessment can be useful. Needs assessment is a process that helps one to identify and examine both values and information. It provides direction for making decisions about programs and resources. It can include such relatively objective procedures as the statistical description and analysis of standardized test data and such subjective procedures as public testimony and values clarification activities. Needs assessment can be a part of community relations, facilities planning and consolidation, program development and evaluation, and resource allocation. Needs assessment thus addresses a xiii XIV PREFACE broad array of purposes and requires that many different kinds of procedures be available for gathering and analyzing information. This book was written with this wide variation of practices in mind.
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  • 82
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Adverbs and Events -- II / Adverbs of Space and Time -- III / Interval Semantics and Logical Words -- Appendix to Chapter III (1985) -- IV / Prepositions and Points of View -- V / Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions -- VI / Adverbs of Causation -- VII / Adverbial Modification in Situation Semantics -- Bibliographical Index -- General Index.
    Abstract: Adverbial modification is probably one of the least understood areas of linguistics. The essays in this volume all address the problem of how to give an analysis of adverbial modifiers within truth-conditional semantics. Chapters I-VI provide analyses of particular modifiers within a possible­ worlds framework, and were written between 1974 and 1981. Original publication details of these chapters may be found on p. vi. Of these, all but Chapter I make essential use of the idea that the time reference involved in tensed sentences should be a time interval rather than a single instant. The final chapter (Chapter VII) was written especially for this volume and investigates the question of how the 'situation semantics' recently devised by Jon Barwise and John Perry, as a rival to possible-worlds semantics, might deal with adverbs. In addition I have included an appendix to Chapter III and an introduction which links all the chapters together.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400952133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Psychiatry ; History ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1: Anthropological Psychiatry in Germany during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The Rise and Spread of the Anthropological Viewpoint in German Psychiatry from about 1820 to about 1845 -- 2: The Mechanistic Viewpoint in Nineteenth-Century Philosophy and Science (Psychology and Physiology) -- 2.1. Mechanism: Term and Concept -- 2.2. The Philosophical Background -- 2.3. Kant and the Problem of the Relationship between Philosophy and Science -- 2.4. The Significance of Kant’s Philosophy for the Mechanistic Self-Conception of Nineteenth-Century Psychology -- 2.5. The Implications of the Natural Science Self-Concept of Psychology -- 2.6. Kant and the Problem of the Possibility or Impossibility of Scientific Psychology -- 2.7. Kant’s Influence on the Rise and Development of Nineteenth-Century Scientific Psychology -- 2.8. The Role Played by Physiology in Consolidating the Mechanistic Self-Conception in Nineteenth-Century German Science -- 2.9. Mechanism in Physiology. The Positivist Variant -- 2.10. Critical Positivism and Kantian Critical Philosophy -- 2.11. The Mechanism of Helmholtz, Du Bois-Reymond, Brücke, and Ludwig -- 2.12. Materialistic Mechanism (Vogt, Moleschott, and Büchner) -- 2.13. Schopenhauer’s and Lotze’s Criticism of Materialism and its Relevance to the Identification of the Self-Conception of the so-called ‘Materialists’ of the Eighteen-Forties -- 2.14. Schopenhauer’s Criticism of Materialism (in the Proper Sense) and Naturalism -- 2.15. Lotze’s Criticism of Materialistic Methodology -- 2.16. Schopenhauer and Lotze -- 3: W. Griesinger and the Mechanicist Conception of Psychiatry (from about 1845 to about 1868) -- 3.1. Griesinger’s ‘Apprenticeship’ (up to 1844) -- 3.2. Lotze and Griesinger -- 3.3. Griesinger’s Psychiatry in the Period 1845–68 -- 3.4. Griesinger’s Thesis of the Identity of Mental Diseases and Diseases of the Brain -- 3.5. Griesinger and Herbart -- 3.6. Herbart’s Metaphysics and Griesinger’s ‘Empirical Standpoint’ -- 3.7. Griesinger’s ‘Ego Psychology’: Assimilation of Herbartian Elements -- 3.8. Griesinger’s Relationship to Institutional Psychiatry -- 3.9. Binswanger’s Relation to (the Tradition of) Institutional Psychiatry in General and to Griesinger in Particular -- 4: Schopenhauer, Rokitansky and Lange: Towards an Explicit Philosophical Justification of German ‘Materialism’ (from about 1840) -- 4.1. Schopenhauer and Physiology -- 4.2. Some Aspects of Schopenhauer’s Theory of Knowledge -- 4.3. Rokitansky as an Exponent of Idealistic Naturalism -- 4.4. F. A. Lange (1828–75), Philosopher of Methodological Materialism -- 4.5. Conclusion -- Appendix: Main Lines in the History of Philosophy and Science Leading to ‘Classical’ Medical Anthropology and Anthropological Medicine (Psychiatry) in Germany from about 1780 to about 1820. A Philosophical and Historical Outline -- A1. The Scope of this Outline -- A2. Aristotle and the Beginnings of Anthropology -- A3. The ‘Bio-Logical’ Viewpoint in Aristotle’s Anthropology and Psychology -- A4. The Foundation of ‘Modern’ Anthropology in the Italian Renaissance -- A4.1. The Beginning of the ‘Renewal’ in Christian Humanism and Platonism -- A4.2. Aristotelian Naturalism and so-called Italian Natural Philosophy -- A5. Anthropology as the Empirical Study of Man in the Period from about 1500 to about 1660 -- A5.1. The Medical School of Thought (Anatomy, Physiology) -- A5.2. The ‘Psychological’ Variant in (Medical) Anthropology in Germany (Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries). Descartes as ‘Troublemaker’ -- A6. Summa Ignorantiae -- Notes -- Text Notes -- Appendix Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In the period between about 1820 and about 1870 German psychiatry was born and reborn: fust as anthropologically orientated psychiatry and then as biomedical psychiatry. There has, to date, been virtually no systematic examination of the philosophical motives which determined these two conceptions of psychiatry. The aim of our study is to make up for this omission to the best of our ability. The work is aimed at a very diverse readership: in the first place historians of science (psychiatry, medicine, psychology, physiology) and psychiatrists (psychologists, physicians) with an interest in the philosophical and historical aspects of their discipline, and in the second place philosophers working in the fields of the history of philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophical anthropology and philosophy of medicine. The structure and content of our study have been determined by an attempt to balance two different approaches to the historical material. One approach emphasises the philosophical literature and looks at the question of the way in which official philosophy determined the self-conception (Selbstverstiindnis) of the science of the day (Chapters 2 and 4). The other stresses the scientific literature and is concerned with throwing light on its philosophical implications (Chapters 1 and 3).
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 620 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section 1. Design and Manufacture of Printed Circuits -- 1. How Printed Circuit Boards Are Manufactured: Processes and Materials -- 2. Computer Aided Design and Design Automation -- 3. Digital Printed Circuit Design -- Section 2. Planning, Document Control, and Quality -- 4. Definitions -- 5. Planning -- 6. Quality Assurance Program -- 7. Quality Assurance Manual -- Section 3. Imaging and Artwork -- 8. Artwork Processing -- 9. Artwork Registration Systems for Dry Film Imaging -- 10. Dry Film Imaging -- 11. Screen Printing -- Section 4. N/C Processing -- 12. Numerical Controlled Drilling and Routing -- 12A. Drilling Procedures -- Section 5. Plating and Other Wet Processes -- 13. Metal Thickness Determination -- 14. Amperage Determination -- 15. The Electroless Copper Process 300 Detecting Problems -- 16. Pattern Plating: Copper, Tin-Lead, and Other Metals -- 17. Contact Finger Plating -- 18. Resist Stripping -- 19. Etching -- 20. Tin-Lead Fusing -- Section 6. Multilayer Printed Circuits -- 21. Multilayer Processing -- 22. Etchback and Smear Removal -- Section 7. Process Control -- 23. The Laboratory -- Section 8. The Marketing Program -- 24. Sales Tools -- 25. What Sales People Should Know About Printed Circuits -- Appendix A: Yield Tracking: A Tool for Productivity -- Appendix B: CAD: Swift, Precise, Infinitely Repeatable, but Never Creative -- Appendix C: Soldermask Over Bare Copper: Alternatives and Manufacturing Techniques -- Appendix D: Control and Operation of Printed Circuit Plating Baths with the Hull Cell -- Appendix E: Troubleshooting the IR Fusing Process -- Appendix F: Preserving Solderability with Solder Coatings -- Appendix G: Screen Printing Is the Answer -- Appendix H: Forecasting Waste Treatment Requirements -- Appendix I: Wave Soldering of Discrete Chip Components.
    Abstract: Of all the components that go into electronic equipment, the printed circuit probably requires more manufacturing operations-each of which must be per­ formed by a skilled person-than any other. As a shift supervisor early in my printed circuit career, I had to hire and train personnel for all job functions. The amount of responsibility delegated to my subordinates depended strictly on how well I had been able to train them. Training people can be a trying experience and is always a time-consuming one. It behooved me to help my workers obtain the highest degree of job under­ standing and skill that they and I were capable of. One hindrance to effective teaching is poor continuity of thought, for example, having to say to a trainee, "Wait a minute; forget what I just told you. We have to go back and do some­ thing else first. " It was in trying to avoid pitfalls such as this that I undertook a detailed examination of the processes involved, what I thought each trainee had to know, and what questions they would most frequently ask. From this analysis I developed the various process procedures. Only after I had done so was I able to train effectively and with the confidence that I was doing the best possible job. Answers had to be at hand for all of their questions and in what­ ever detail they needed to know.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401165655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Rearrangement of Prokaryotic Genetic Material and DNA Cloning Vectors -- 1 Genomic Structure and Evolution of Bacillus licheniformis ? and LP52 Phage Family -- 2 Expression of the Synthetic Proenkephalin Gene in E. coli -- 3 Cloning and Expression of Bacillus?-Glucanase Genes -- 4 Regulation of ?-Amylase Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis -- 5 New Variations on an Old Theme: Type I Restriction Enzymes and Their Recognition Sequences -- 6 The EcoDXX1 Restriction and Modification System of Escherichia coli ET7 -- 7 Biological Function of Type I Restriction Enzymes -- 8 The Fosfomycin Resistance Transposon Tn2921 -- 9 Transposition-like Events Mediated by Single-ended Derivatives of Transposon Tn21 -- 10 Cloning and Expression of Determinants Encoding Toxigenicity in Enterobacteria -- 11 Extrachromosomal Replicons in Streptomyces lavendulaegrasserius -- Two: DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase in Prokaryotes: Structure and Function, Promoter Selection -- 1 Genetic Dissection of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 2 Non-essential Sequences in the ? Subunit of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 3 Sequence Analysis of the ? Gene of E. coli RNA Polymerase: Correlation with Structure-Function Studies -- 4 DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Streptomyces granaticolor -- 5 Transcriptional and Translational Signals in Phages PZA and ø29 -- 6 Host-Vector System with the PR’ Promoter of Phage Lambda -- 7 On the Difficulties of Defining and Measuring Promoter Strength1 The Case of the Promoters of Bacterial rRNA Genes -- Three: The Role of cAMP in Gene Expression -- 1 Cyclic AMP in Bacteria: Catabolite Repression and Related Effects -- 2 DNA Sequences Involved in Expression and Regulation of deoR-, cytR- and cAMP/CRP-Controlled Genes in Escherichia coli -- 3 Differential Cellular Distribution of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase during Development of Dictyostelium discoideum -- 4 Amplification of the Adenylate Cyclase Gene in Escherichia coli K12 -- 5 Factors Regulating the Activity of Escherichia coli Adenylate Cyclase -- 6 Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Bacterial PEP:Sugar Phosphotransferase System -- 7 ATP-Dependent HPr Kinase Involved in Regulation of Carbohydrate Uptake in Gram-positive Bacteria: Inducer Exclusion and Inducer Expulsion -- 8 Regulation of cAMP Synthesis in Streptomyces granaticolor -- 9 Differences in Regulation of a Bacillus megaterium Metalloproteinase during Growth and Sporulation -- Four: Translational Control of Gene Expression -- 1 Ribosomal Protein Sl: “The Messenger RNA-Catching Arm” of Escherichia coli Ribosome -- 2 Initiation of Translation of Genetic Information in Streptomyces aureofaciens -- 3 Bacilli as Hosts for Protein Production -- 4 Structure and Expression of a Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene, cat-86, Cloned from Bacillus pumilus -- 5 An Approach to Controlled Removal of the 3? End of Ribosomal 16S RNA -- 6 Three Ribosomal tRNA-Binding Sites Involved in the Elongation Process -- 7 Structure, Function and Evolution of the 3? Ends of Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA -- 8 Amino Acid Residues In Elongation Factor Tu from Escherichia coli Near the Binding Site for the 3? Terminus of Aminoacyl-tRNA -- 9 Structural and Functional Alterations of Protein-Synthesis Elongation Factor Tu Purified from Streptomyces aureofaciens in an Aggregated State -- 10 Excessive Translational Accuracy Can Inhibit Growth -- 11 Particulate Protein-Synthesis Factors Associated with Translatable mRNA in Mammalian Cells.
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Royal Institute of Philosophy Conferences 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The End of Metaphysics: Philosophy’s Supreme Fiction? -- ‘The End of Metaphysics’ and the Historiography of Philosophy -- The End of Metaphysics: A Comment -- Reply to Ayers and Manser -- Epistemology without Foundations -- Philosophy after Rorty -- Comment on Rorty -- ‘Heterodox’, ‘Xenodox’, and Hermeneutic Dialogue -- Reply to Mary Hesse -- Occultism and Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century -- Occultism and Reason -- Reply to Simon Schaffer -- First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes -- Cartesian Science in France, 1660–1700 -- Caricatures in the History of Philosophy: The Case of Spinoza -- Leibniz’s Break with Cartesian ‘Rationalism’ -- Lockean Mechanism -- Lockean Mechanism: A Comment -- Hume and the “Metaphysical Argument A Priori” -- The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Hume’s Theory of the Self -- Kant’s Refutation of Idealism -- The Hagiography of Common Sense: Dugald Stewart’s Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Reid.
    Abstract: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alternate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is h.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400949461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives -- 2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
    Abstract: In the field of polymer technology, injection moulding is the most important moulding process. Because of the size of that industry and the rate of development which it attracts, it is impossible to present, in a single reasonably sized volume, all of the developments that have taken place in recent years. The purpose of this book is therefore to present selected topics which contribute to, or exemplify, develop­ ments in this important area. Each year considerable development takes place in the area of machine and process control and these developments receive con­ siderable publicity in the trade press. Another area which advances at the same pace, but which seems to receive far less publicity, although it is equally important, is the area of mould design and manufacture. It is important because profitability is dependent upon the design, manufacture and operation of the mould. It is for this reason that several chapters relating to mould design have been included in this, the third volume in this series. The topics covered include advances in mould manufacture, the use of runnerless systems to aid productivity, and others showing how the applications of computers can greatly assist the moulder to obtain a more productive unit.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
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  • 88
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400954427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s Thought -- Problems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    Abstract: The idea for this issue arose during a gathering of scholars to com­ memorate the hundredth anniversary of Moritz Schlick (1882-1936), the philosopher from Germany whose influence gave Austria its most characteristic philosophical voice between the two world wars. He was cut off, tragically, in his prime and while he escaped the exile that awaited most of those who thought like him, he was unable (sadly for philosophy) to continue to steer their thoughts in his own direction and he even lost some of the credit for work already done. Thus it seemed to some of his former pupils and to others more remote from him in the tra­ dition that a small collection of papers throwing light on his especial con­ tribution and on the extent to which it is still active or still needed today was a requirement of justice no less than of piety. Tscha Hung, a mem­ ber of the Vienna Circle and since director of the Institute for Western Philosophy at Peking University, was the chief mover here. Also among the contributors, Ludovico Geymonat (Professor at Milan) was a visitor to the Circle and a friend of Schlick. Henrich Melzer and Joseph Schlichter were Viennese pupils of Schlick's. The former died in the war of 1939-45, the latter is still prominent in the cultural and educational life of Israel.
    Description / Table of Contents: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s ThoughtProblems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401173827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Origins of Packaging Development -- The Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act—1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Since the first edition of "Principles of Packaging Development" was published, the packaging industry has undergone many profound changes. These have included the virtual elimination of cellophane and its replacement with oriented polypropylene as a carton overwrap, fluid milk in blow-molded HDPE bottles, PET beverage bottles, cookie bags and cartons lined with polyolefin coextrusions instead of waxed glassine, and bread in reclosable polyolefin and coextruded film bags. New phrases have also worked their way into the lexicon of the practic­ ing packaging technologist, such as "child resistance" and "tamper­ evident. " This most popular text on packaging demanded updating. How these phrases and ideas have affected the industry in the 1980s and how they will probably alter its course in the future are treated. New concepts of packaging system planning and forecasting tech­ niques are intruding into package management, and new chapters will introduce them to the reader. The years have added a certain degree of maturity to the packaging industry. Not only have the original authors broadened their per­ spectives and changed professional responsibilities, we have also in­ cluded a third co-author, Dr. Aaron L. Brody, whose experience in the industry, academic background, and erudite insights into the very na­ ture of packaging have added an unparalled degree of depth to this book. We would like to thank David L.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Origins of Packaging DevelopmentThe Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act-1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401179188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets -- 1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
    Abstract: It is almost thirty years since Professor G. G. Winberg established the basis for experimental studies in fish energetics with the publication of his monograph, Rate of Metabolism and Food Requirements of Fishes. His ultimate aim was to develop a scientific approach to fish culture and management, and the immense volume of literature generated in the ensuing years has been mainly in response to the demand for information from a rapidly expanding, world-wide aquaculture industry and to the shortcomings of contemporary practices in fisheries management. The purpose of this book is not to review this literature compre­ hensively, but, assuming an informed readership, to focus attention on topics in which new knowledge and theory are beginning to be applied in practice. Most emphasis has been placed on food; feeding; production (growth and reproduction) and energy budgeting, as these have most influence on the development of fish culture. Some chapters offer practical advice for the selection of methods, and warn of pitfalls in previous approaches. In others the influence of new theory on the interpretation of studies in fish energetics is discussed in the context of resource allocation and adaptation. We hope that the scope of material presented here will have sufficient interest and value to help significantly to fulfil Winberg's original objectives.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954243
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (544p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 93
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 93
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Sociology. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Problems and Theories in the Social Sciences -- I.1. Objectivism Versus Relativism -- 1 / The Notion of a Social Science -- 2 / Social Perception and Social Change -- 3 / Realism and the Supposed Poverty of Sociological Theories -- 4 / Rationality and Relativism -- 5 / Popper on the Difference between the Natural and the Social Sciences -- I.2. Philosophy of Anthropology -- 6 / The Emergence of Social Anthropology from Philosophy -- 7 / On Theories of Fieldwork and the Scientific Character of Social Anthropology -- 8 / Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology -- 9 / On the Objectivity of Anthropology -- 10 / The Problem of Ethical Integrity in Participant Observation -- 11 / Anthropology as Science and the Anthropology of Science and of Anthropology -- 12 / Epistle to the Anthropologists -- 13 / On the Limits of Symbolic Interpretation in Anthropology -- 14 / The Problem of the Ethnographic Real -- 15 / Anthropologists and the Irrational -- 16 / Freeman on Mead -- II: Applications and Implications -- II.1 Society and the Arts -- 17 / The Objectivity of Criticism of the Arts -- 18 / The Rationality of Creativity -- II.2. Society and Technology -- 19 / Technology and the Structure of Knowledge -- 20 / The Social Character of Technological Problems -- 21 / Is Technology Unnatural? -- 22 / Utopia and the Architect -- II.3. Society and social control -- 23 / Nationalism and the Social Sciences -- 24 / Explorations in the Social Career of Movies: Business and Religion -- 25 / Methodological and Conceptual Problems in the Study of Pornography and Violence -- Sources -- List of Publications -- Indexes.
    Abstract: I. C. Jarvie was trained as a social anthropologist in the center of British social anthropology - the London School of Economics, where Bronislaw Malinowski was the object of ancestor worship. Jarvie's doctorate was in philosophy, however, under the guidance of Karl Popper and John Watkins. He changed his department not as a defector but as a rebel, attempting to exorcize the ancestral spirit. He criticized the method of participant obser­ vation not as useless but as not comprehensive: it is neither necessary nor sufficient for the making of certain contributions to anthropology; rather, it all depends on the problem-situation. And so Jarvie remained an anthro­ pologist at heart, who, in addition to some studies in rather conventional anthropological or sociological molds, also studied the tribe of social scien­ tists, but also critically examining their problems - especially their overall, rather philosophical problems, but not always so: a few of the studies in­ cluded in this volume exemplify his work on specific issues, whether of technology, or architecture, or nationalism in the academy, or moviemaking, or even movies exhibiting excessive sex and violence. These studies attract his attention both on account of their own merit and on account of their need for new and powerful research tools, such as those which he has forged in his own intellectual workshop over the last two decades.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789400951310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: 1. Some Relevant Pre-Stoutian Theories -- 1. Early Greek Philosophers -- 2. Medieval and Later Philosophers -- 3. Stout’s Older Contemporaries -- 2. Stout’s Theory of Universals (1): Some Key Terms -- 1. General Statement of Stout’s Position -- 2. Distributive Unity -- 3. Resemblance -- 4. Classes and Kinds in Stout’s Philosophy -- 5. Possiblities in Stout’s Philosophy -- 3. Stout’s Theory of Universals (2): Stout’s Abstract Particularism -- 1. Stoutian Particulars as Predicates -- 2. General Criticisms of Stout’s Abstract Particularism -- 4. A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Universals -- 1. Jerrold Levinson’s Theory of Attributes -- General Index.
    Abstract: by D. M. Armstrong In the history of the discussion of the problem of universals, G. F. Stout has an honoured, and special. place. For the Nominalist, meaning by that term a philosopher who holds that existence of repeatables - kinds, sorts, type- and the indubitable existence of general terms, is a problem. The Nominalist's opponent, the Realist, escapes the Nominalist's difficulty by postulating universals. He then faces difficulties of his own. Is he to place these universals in a special realm? Or is he to bring them down to earth: perhaps turning them into repeatable properties of particulars (universalia in res), and repeatable relations between universals (universalia inter res)? Whichever solution he opts for, there are well-known difficulties about how particulars stand to these universals. Under these circumstances the Nominalist may make an important con­ cession to the Realist, a concession which he can make without abandoning his Nominalism. He may concede that metaphysics ought to recognize that particulars have properties (qualities, perhaps) and are related by relations. But, he can maintain, these properties and relations are particulars, not universals. Nor, indeed, is such a position entirely closed to the Realist. A Realist about universals may, and some Realists do, accept particularized properties and relations in addition to universals. As Dr. Seargent shows at the beginning of his book. a doctrine of part­ icularized properties and relations has led at least a submerged existence from Plato onwards. The special, classical.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789400952812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 1. The Chasm between S&T and the Humanities -- 2. Bridging the Chasm -- 3. Towards a Useful PS&T -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 1. Formal Science: From Logic to Mathematics -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Mathematics and Reality -- 3. Logic -- 4. Pure and Applied Mathematics -- 5. Foundations and Philosophy -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- 2. Physical Science: From Physics to Earth Science -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Relativities -- 4. Quantons -- 5. Chance -- 6. Realism and Classicism -- 7. Chemistry -- 8. Megaphysics -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aims of this Introduction are to characterize the philosophy of science and technology, henceforth PS & T, to locate it on the map ofiearning, and to propose criteria for evaluating work in this field. 1. THE CHASM BETWEEN S & T AND THE HUMANITIES It has become commonplace to note that contemporary culture is split into two unrelated fields: science and the rest, to deplore this split - and to do is some truth in the two cultures thesis, and even nothing about it. There greater truth in the statement that there are literally thousands of fields of knowledge, each of them cultivated by specialists who are in most cases indifferent to what happens in the other fields. But it is equally true that all fields of knowledge are united, though in some cases by weak links, forming the system of human knowledge. Because of these links, what advances, remains stagnant, or declines, is the entire system of S & T. Throughout this book we shall distinguish the main fields of scientific and technological knowledge while at the same time noting the links that unite them.
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  • 94
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400951594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 112
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. Political and Intellectual Background -- Perspectives on Tracy and the idéologues -- Tracy’s life and writings: an outline -- 2. Scientific Method and Ideology -- Science and certainty -- The concept of idéologie -- 3. Signs, Language, and the Critique of Metaphysics -- The science of signs -- Metaphysics and religion -- 4. Individuals and Social Relations -- Individual will as desire and action -- The bases of social existence -- 5. Social Morality and Civil Society -- Moral education and policing -- Legislation and instruction -- 6. Social Science and Public Policy -- Tracy’s ‘science sociale’ -- Limits of social mathematics -- 7. Production and Economic Classes -- The creation of wealth -- Economic classes -- 8. The Problem of Economic Inequality -- 9. Liberal Politics and Elitism -- Enlightened democracy -- Critique of Montesquieu -- 10. Public Instruction and Ideology -- Ideological education -- Defence of the ‘classe savante’ -- 11. Conclusion: Social Science and Liberalism.
    Abstract: This book attempts to present a detailed and critical account of the thought of Antoine-Louis-Claude Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836). Major importance has been placed on the analysis of his published writings. Biographical details have been provided only to the extent necessary to elucidate the circumstances of the composition and publication of his writings: in particular, the intellectual and political currents in France during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. The book has three main themes. The first is Tracy's philosophy of ideologie, which was concerned to clarify concepts and provide guarantees of reliable knowledge. The second is Tracy's attempt to elaborate a science of social organisation, la science sociale, whose objective was to recommend institutions and policies which could maximise social happiness. The third theme is Tracy's development of liberal and utilitarian approaches to the fields of politics, economics and education. This study began life as a doctoral dissertation at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am grateful for the guidance of my supervisor, Professor Ken Minogue, and for helpful comments from Professor Maurice Cranston, Professor Jack Lively, and Dr John Hooper.
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: History, Historicism, and Hermeneutics -- One British Idealism and the Philosophy of History: Sources of Sustenance -- Two Historians of Political Thought and Their Critics: Sources of Anxiety -- Three Philosophical History: W.H. Greenleaf and the Study of the History of Political Thought -- Four The Priority of Paradigms: The Pocock Alternative -- Five The View from the Inside: Skinner and the Priority of Retrieving Authorial Intentions -- Assessment and Conclusion.
    Abstract: The methodology of the study of the history of political thought is an area of study which has occupied my interests for nearly a decade. I was introduced to the subject in University College, Swansea. My teachers there provided me with an excellent grounding in political studies. I am particularly indebted to Bruce Haddock, Peter Nicholson and W. H. Greenleaf. Professor Greenleaf was kind enough to supply me with a copy of his bibliography and copies of two of his unpublished papers. I continued to pursue my interest in methodology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am indebted to Ken Minogue and Robert Orr who taught me there. My greatest debt is to Dr. Joseph Femia ofthe University of Liverpool who devoted a great deal of time to considering the arguments presented here. His criticisms and suggestions for improvement proved to be invaluable. I would also like to thank Alan Ryan for his general comments and encouraging advice. It would be remiss of me if I neglected to express my gratitude to Dewi Beynon who was my first teacher of politics. The research for this project was carried out in the following places; The British Library of Political Science, London; The Sidney Jones Library, University of Liverpool; The National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; The Main Library, University of Edinburgh; The Arts and Social Science Library, University College, Cardiff; and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Text and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: I. The Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Introduction to Free Adjuncts and Absolutes in English -- 2. Traditional Thoughts on the Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. Plan of Discussion -- 4. Some Syntactic Conventions -- Footnotes -- II. Modality and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Semantic Bifurcation of Free Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 2. Explaining the Entailment Properties of Strong and Weak Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 3. A Semantic Correlate of the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- III. Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. The Temporal Reference of Free Adjuncts -- 3. Frequency Adverbs and the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. A Generalization Operator -- 5. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- IV. Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Perfect Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 2. An Argument for Free Adjuncts as Main Tense Adverbs -- 3. The Progressive Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- V. The Formal Semantics of Absolutes -- 1. Modality and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 2. Tense and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 3. Absolutes as Main Tense Adverbs -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- VI. Inference and the Logical Role of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Summary of the Proposed Semantic Analysis of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 2. The Role of Inference in the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. On the Possibility of Deriving Absolute Constructions from Adverbial Subordinate Clauses -- 4. On the Possibility that the Logical Role of an Absolute Construction is Always Inferred -- 5. Theoretical Implications -- Footnotes -- Appendix - A Formal Fragment for Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Intensional Logic -- 2. Syntax and Translation Rules for a Fragment of English -- 2.1. Syntax -- 2.2. Translation -- References -- Index of Names -- General Index.
    Abstract: The goal of this book is to investigate the semantics of absolute constructions in English; specifically, my object is to provide an explanation for the semantic variability of such constructions. As has been widely noted in traditional grammatical studies of English, free adjuncts and absolute phrases have the ability to playa number of specific logical roles in the sentences in which they appear; yet, paradoxically, they lack any overt indication of their logical connection to the clause which they modify. How, then, is the logical function of an absolute construction determined? In attempting to answer this question, one must inevitably address a number of more general issues: Is the meaning assigned to a linguistic expression necessarily determined by linguistic rules, or can the grammar of a language in some cases simply underdetermine the interpretation of expressions? Are the truthconditions of a sentence ever sensitive to the inferences of language users? If so, then is it possible to maintain the validity of any really substantive version of the Compositionality Principle? These are, of course, issues of great inherent interest to anyone concerned with the formal syntax and semantics of natural language, with the philosophy of language, or with language processing. The descriptive framework assumed throughout is the semantic theory developed by Richard Montague (1970a, 1970b, 1973) and his followers. (For a very thorough introduction to Montague semantics, the reader may refer to Dowty, Wall and Peters (1981 ).
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316p) , digital
    Edition: Seconde édition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 1
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Chapitre 1 Le Carla; le Milieu Familial 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 2 Le Carla; la Formation 1647–1668 -- Chapitre 3 Puylaurens; Toulouse; la Conversion au Catholicisme 1668–1670 -- Chapitre 4 Toulouse; le Retour à la Réforme 1670 -- Chapitre 5 Genève, Rouen, Paris; le Précepteur 1670–1675 -- Chapitre 6 Sedan; le Professeur de Philosophie 1675–1681 -- Chapitre 7 Rotterdam; les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres 1681–1685 -- Chapitre 8 Rotterdam; l’Avis important aux Réfugiez 1685–1693 -- Chapitre 9 Rotterdam; le Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 1693–1706 -- Appendice -- Additions à la première édition -- Index des additions.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789400951198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 110
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 110
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: Medicine and the Life Sciences -- 1. Development of Medical Education among the Arabic-speaking Peoples -- 2. Gentile da Foligno and the Via Medicorum -- 3. Some Assumptions behind Medicine for the Poor during the Reign of Louis XIV -- 4. Buffon’s Histoire naturelle as a Work of the Enlightenment -- 5. Adam Gottlob Schirach’s Experiments on Bees -- 6. William Swainson: Types, Circles, and Affinities -- 7. A Retrospoct on the Historiography of the Life Sciences -- Two: Astronomy and Natural Philosophy -- 8. Two Astronomical Tractates of Abbo of Fleury -- 9. Pseudo-Euclid on the Position of the Image in Reflection: Interpretations by an Anonymous Commentator, by Pena, and by Kepler -- 10. Thomas Harriot’s Papers on the Calendar -- 11. Thomas Harriot’s Observations of Halley’s Comet in 1607 -- 12. Animadversions on the Origins of the Microscope -- 13. Hemsterhuis on Mathematics and Optics -- Three: The Social Framework -- 14. Galileians in Sicily: a Hitherto Unpublished Correspondence of Daniele Spinola with Domenico Catalano in Messina (1650–1652) -- 15. A Friend of Hobbes and an Early Translator of Galileo: Robert Payne of Oxford -- 16. Descartes and the English -- 17. From Corfu to Caledonia: the Early Travels of Charles Dupin, 1808–1820 -- 18. A Scotswoman Abroad: Mary Somervillc’s 1817 Visit to France -- Four: Styles in the History of Ideas -- 19. Rationality and the Generalization of Scientific Style -- 20. The Idea of the Decay of the World in the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the Pseudepigrapha -- 21. Science in Antiquity: the Indian Perspective -- 22. System-building in the Eighteenth Century -- 23. Elements in the Structure of Victorian Science, or Cannon Revisited -- A Bibliography of the Writings of Alistair C. Crombie -- General Index.
    Abstract: This volume of essays is meant as a tribute to Alistair Crombie by some of those who have studied with him. The occasion of its publication is his seven­ tieth birthday - 4 November 1985. Its contents are a reflection - or so it is hoped - of his own interests, and they indicate at the same time his influence on subjects he has pursued for some forty years. Born in Brisbane, Australia, Alistair Cameron Crombie took a first degree in zoology at the University of Melbourne in 1938, after which he moved to Je­ sus College, Cambridge. There he took a doctorate in the same subject (with a dissertation on population dynamics - foreshadowing a later interest in the history of Darwinism) in 1942. By this time he had taken up a research position with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in the Cambridge Zoological La­ boratory, a position he left in 1946, when he moved to a lectureship in the his­ tory and philosophy of science at University College, London. H. G. Andrewa­ ka and L. C. Birch, in a survey of the history of insect ecology (R. F. Smith, et al. , History of Entomology, 1973), recognise the importance of the works of Crombie (with which they couple the earlier work of Gause) as the principal sti­ mulus for the great interest taken in interspecific competition in the mid 194Os.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 99
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 99
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Some Observations on the History of Aesthetics and on the Manner in which Heidegger Has Tried to Retrieve Some of its Essential Moments -- § 1. Introduction. Aesthetics: The Discipline and the Name -- I. The Classical Conceptions of Beauty and Art -- II. Modern Aesthetics -- III. Hegel -- IV. The Century after Hegel -- II. Heidegger’s “On the Origin of the Work of Art” -- I. Introductory Reflections. — The Historical Context of the Lectures. — Their Subject Matter and Method -- II. The Thing and The Work -- III. Art Work and Truth -- IV. Truth and Art -- V. On the Essence of Art. Its Coming-to-Presence and Its Abidance -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book grew from a series of lectures presented in 1983 in the context of the Summer Program in Phenomenology at The Pennsylvania State University. For these lectures I made use of notes and short essays which I had written between 1978 and 1982 during interdisciplinary seminars on Heidegger's later philosophy in general, and on his philosophy of language and art in particular. The participants in these seminars consisted of faculty members and graduate students concerned with the sciences, the arts, literature, literary criticism, art history, art education, and philosophy. On both occasions I made a special effort to introduce those who did not yet have a specialized knowledge of Heidegger's philosophy, to his later way of thinking. In this effort I was guided by the conviction that we, as a group, had to aim for accuracy, precision, clarity, faithfulness, and depth, while at the same time taking distance, comparing Heidegger's views with ideas of other philosophers and thinkers, and cultivat­ ing a proper sense of criticism. Over the years it has become clear to me that among professional philoso­ phers, literary critics, scholars concerned with art history and art education, and scientists from various disciplines, there are many who are particularly interested in "Heidegger's philosophy of art". I have also become convinced that many of these dedicated scholars often have difficulty in understanding Heidegger's lectures on art and art works. This is understandable.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: One: Justice — Legal Justice — Social Justice -- 1: The Concept of Justice -- 2: Problems of Justification: Social Contract and Intuition -- 3: Substantive Justice and Equality before the Law -- Two: Justice as Equilibrium -- 4: The Principle of Equilibrium -- 5: Distribution According to Desert -- 6: Needs and Justice -- 7: Preferential Treatment -- 8: Punishment and the Theory of Justice -- Postscript -- 9: Beyond Social Justice -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work avail­ able to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on full-length scholarly monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowed scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field.
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