Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Online Resource  (88)
  • 1985-1989  (88)
  • 1988  (48)
  • 1985  (40)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (88)
  • Philosophy (General)  (88)
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789400928374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (616p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 104
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 104
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Pragmatism
    Abstract: 1 / Reducing Texts to Formulas -- 1. Seeking Canonical Forms -- 2. Analysis of Word Combinations -- 3. Details of the Analysis -- 2 /Result: Formulas of Information -- 1. Meta-science Segments -- 2. Word Classes -- 3. Word Subclasses -- 4. Word Modifiers and Local Operators -- 5. Summary of Word Classes -- 6. Sentence Types -- 7. Sentence Formulas -- 3 / From Structure to Information -- 1. Differences in Structure and Differences in Information -- 2. Formula-based Critique of Information -- 3. Sublanguage Properties -- 4. Further Work -- 5. Toward the Grammar of Science -- 4 / Sublanguage Formulas as Information Units -- 1. Normal Form Linearity: Projection and the Use of the Arrow -- 2. Local Operator Modifiers -- 3. The Classifier ‘Response’ -- 4. Correlations between W and V Operators -- 5. Sublanguage Homonymities -- 6. Extending Sublanguage Grammar -- 7. Information Structure and the ‘r’ Operator -- 5 / The Apparatus of Sublanguage Transformations -- 1. A Preliminary Survey of Sublanguage Transformations -- 2. Relinearization -- 3. Reconstruction of Repetitional Zeroing -- 4. Reconstruction of Low-information Zeroing -- 5. Relative Clause -- 6. Larger Transformations -- 7. Comparative -- 8. Quantifiers and the Negative -- 9. Further Regularization -- 6 / Extending the Analysis: The Informational Environment of the Science Sentences -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Word Classes and Sentence Types -- 3. Conclusions -- 7 / Information Units in a French Corpus -- 1. Information Grammar as a Pattern-matcher on Sentences and Linearization Rules to Produce Sentences from Informational Units -- 2. An Applicative Grammar of Informational Units -- 3. Using the Grammar of Informational Units as a Pattern-matcher for a Direct Recognition of Informational Units -- 4. Linearization Rules: Producing Sentences Out of Units -- 5. Questions Which Are Not Fully Treated Here -- 6. Conclusion and Applications of the Method Presented Here -- 8 / The Cellular Source of Antibody: A Review -- 1. Background -- 2. Early Observations and Experiments on the Macrophage in Relation to Antibody Formation -- 3. Early Studies on the Lymphatic System in the Production of Antibodies -- 4. Lymphocyte or Plasma Cell as the Antibody-synthesizing Cell -- 5. Correlation of Tissue-extract Antibody with Microscopic Observations -- 6. Extraction of Cells -- 7. Release of Antibody from Tissues and from Cells Cultivated in Vitro -- 8. Studies Involving Aggregation of Bacterial Cells Around Tissue Cells -- 9. Histochemical Staining for Nucleic Acid in Lymph Nodes in Relation to Formation of Antibodies -- 10. Fluorescence Staining for Antibody -- 11. Transfer of Cells of Lymph Nodes, Lymph and Spleen -- 12. Resolution of the Problem: Electron Microscopic Studies of Antibody-producing Cells -- Appendix 1 / Tables of Immunology Reports: English -- Appendix 2 / Tables of Immunology Reports: French -- Appendix 3 / Notes to the Tables of the English Articles -- List of Symbols.
    Abstract: DOES DISCOURSE HAVE A 'STRUCTURE'? HARRIS'S REVOLUTION IN LINGUISTICS As a freshman back in 1947 I discovered that within the various academic divisions and subdivisions of the University of Pennsylvania there existed a something (it was not a Department, but a piece of the Anthropology Department) called 'Linguistic Analysis'. I was an untalented but enthusiastic student of Greek and a slightly more talented student of German, as well as the son of a translator, so the idea of 'Linguistic Analysis' attracted me, sight unseen, and I signed up for a course. It turned out that 'Linguistic Analysis' was essentially a graduate program - I and another undergraduate called Noam Chomsky were the only two undergraduates who took courses in Linguistic Analysis - and also that it was essentially a one-man show: a professor named Zellig Harris taught all the courses with the aid of graduate Teaching Fellows (and possibly - I am not sure - one Assistant Professor). The technicalities of Linguistic Analysis were formidable, and I never did master them all. But the powerful intellect and personality of Zellig Harris drew me like a lodestone, and, although I majored in Philosophy, I took every course there was to take in Linguistic Analysis from then until my gradua­ tion. What 'Linguistics' was like before Zellig Harris is something not many people care to remember today.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400928435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: On Boethius’s Notion of Being: A Chapter of Boethian Semantics -- Logic in the Early Twelfth Century -- The Distinction Actus Exercitus/Actus Significatus in Medieval Semantics -- Denomination in Peter of Auvergne -- Concrete Accidental Terms: Late Thirteenth-Century Debates About Problems Relating to Such Terms as ‘Album’ -- Concrete Accidental Terms and the Fallacy of Figure of Speech -- The Logic of the Categorical: The Medieval Theory of Descent and Ascent -- Tu Scis Hoc Esse Omne Quod Est Hoc: Richard Kilvington and the Logic of Knowledge -- Logic and Trinitarian Theology: De Modo Predicandi ac Sylogizandi in Divinis -- A Seventeenth-Century Physician on God and Atoms: Sebastian Basso -- Index of Persons.
    Abstract: The studies that make up this book were written and brought together to honor the memory of Jan Pinborg. His unexpected death in 1982 at the age of forty-five shocked and saddened students of medieval philosophy everywhere and left them with a keen sense of disappoint­ ment. In his fifteen-year career Jan Pinborg had done so much for our field with his more than ninety books, editions, articles, and reviews and had done it all so well that we recognized him as a leader and counted on many more years of his scholarship, his help, and his friendship. To be missed so sorely by his international colleagues in an academic field is a mark of Jan's achievement, but only of one aspect of it, for historians of philosophy are not the only scholars who have reacted in this way to Jan's death. In his decade and a half of intense productivity he also acquired the same sort of special status among historians of linguistics, whose volume of essays in his memory is being G. L. Bursill-Hall almost simultane­ published under the editorship of ously with this one. Sten Ebbesen, Jan's student, colleague, and successor as Director of the Institute of Medieval Greek and Latin Philology at the University of Copenhagen, has earned the gratitude of all of us by memorializing Jan 1 in various biographical sketches, one of which is accompanied by a 2 complete bibliography of his publications.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400914216
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 191
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Epistemological Cognition as Historical Cognition -- 1.1. Factographical Versus Theoretical Historicism -- 1.2. Framework Regularities -- 1.3. Assumptions of Historical Epistemology -- 1.4. The Relation Born by General Statements of Historical Epistemology on Methodological Norms and Directives -- Notes -- 2 / The Relation of Correspondence -- 2.1. Literal Reference -- 2.2. The Characteristics of Essentially Corrective (Strict) Correspondence -- 2.3. Remarks of Traditional Understandings of Correspondence -- 2.4. An Example of Essentially Corrective Correspondence, A Debate with the Views of P. K. Feyerabend -- Notes -- 3 / The Opposition of Theory and Experience -- 3.1. ‘Dogma of Empiricism’ -- 3.2. Performed Action as the Essentially Corrected Correspondence Rendering of Undertaken Action -- 3.3 Two Kinds of Opposition of Theory and Experience: The Relative and the Absolute -- Notes -- 4 / The Duhem-Quine Thesis -- 4.1. The Comprehensive Instrumentalism of W. V. Quine -- 4.2. The Comprehensive Instrumentalism of W. V Quine from the Viewpoint of Historical Epistemology -- Notes -- 5 / Althusser’s Instrumentalism -- 5.1. A Marxist Variant of Theoretical Historicism Methodology -- 5.2. Althusser’s Conception of Historical Materialism -- 5.3. ‘Anti-Empiricism’ as a Consequence of the ‘Methodologically’ Instrumentalist Interpretation of Historical Materialism -- Notes.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400930674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Education Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: The Intentionalist Manifesto -- II. An Erotetic Concept of Teaching -- III. A Philosophical Critique of Process-Product Research in Teaching -- IV. Erotetic Logic and Teaching -- V. Erotetic Causation -- VI. Erotetic Teaching Strategies -- VII. Socratic and Erotetic Teaching -- VIII. Teachers’ Questions -- IX. Erotetics, Cognitive Psychology and the Process of Problem Solving -- X. Erotetic Prospects -- References -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Abstract: happens, how it happens, and why it happens. Our assumption ought to be that this is as true in education as it is in atomic physics. But this leaves many other questions to answer. The crucial ones: What kind of science is proper or appropriate to education? How does it differ from physics? What is wrong with the prevai1~ ing, virtually unopposed research tradition in education? What could or should be done to replace it with a more adequate tradi­ tion? What concepts are necessary to describe and explain what we find there? It is in this realm that we find ourselves. Where to start? One place - our place, needless to say - is with one limited but central concept in education, teaching. A long philosophical tradition concerned with the nature of teaching goes back (along with everything else) to Plato, divulging most recent­ ly in the work of such philosophers as B. O. Smith, Scheffler, Hirst, Komisar, Green, McClellan, Soltis, Kerr, Fenstermacher, et al. An empirical tradition runs parallelto the philosophers -it has its most notable modern proponents in Gage, the Soars, Berliner, Rosen­ shine, but its roots can be traced to the Sophists. These two tradi­ tions have been at loggerheads over the centuries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISBN: 9789400914254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosphy 31
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology
    Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 1. The Indivisibilist Controversy -- Indivisibilists: 1.1. Henry of Harclay -- 1.2. Robert Grosseteste -- 1.3. Walter Chatton -- 1.4. William Crathorn -- Divisibilists: 1.5. William of Ockham -- 1.6. John Duns Scotus -- 1.7. William of Alnwick -- 1.8. Walter Burley -- 2. Tractatus de indivisibilibus -- 2.1. The Author -- 2.2. The Contents -- 2.3. Date Written -- 2.4. Quaestio de divisione et compositione continui -- 2.5. The Date of the Quaestio -- 3. Editorial Principles -- 4. Notes to the Introduction -- II / Text and Translation -- Question 1: Whether forms or extended continua are composed of indivisibles -- Question 2: Whether among continua there is any indivisible extensive quantum, or among augmentable forms any intensive indivisible -- Question 3: Doubts about whether a continuum is infinitely divisible or composed of indivisibles -- Question 4: Whether the infinite divisibility of a continuum can be reduced to actuality -- Question 5: Whether there are more parts of the same proportion in a larger continuum than in a smaller -- III / Notes to the Text -- Notes to Question 1 -- Notes to Question 2 -- Notes to Question 3 -- Notes to Question 4 -- Notes to Question 5 -- IV / Appendix -- William Crathorn, “De continuo” -- Indices.
    Abstract: The English Franciscan philosopher and theologian, Adam of Wodeham (d. 1358), was a disciple and friend of William of Ockham; he was also a student of Walther Chatton. Nevertheless, he was an independent thinker who did not hesitate to criticize his former teachers - Ockham sporadically and benevolently, Chatton, frequently and aggressively. Since W odeham developed his own doctrinal position by a thorough critical examination of current opinions, the first part of this introduc­ tion briefly outlines the positions of the chief figures in the English controversy over indivisibles. The second part of the introduction pre­ sents a summary of Wodeham's views in the Tractatus de indivisibilibus, lists the contents of the treatise, and considers the question of its date and its chronological position in the context of Wodeham's other works. In the third part, the editorial procedures used here are set forth. 1. THE INDIVISIBILIST CONTROVERSY In the literature of the 13th and 14th centuries, the term 'indivisible' refers to a simple, un extended entity. Consequently, these indivisibles are not physical atoms but either mathematical points, temporal instants or indivisibles of motion, usually called mutata esse. I THOMAS BRADWARDINE (d. 1349), roughly contemporary with Wodeham, classified the positions it was possible to take regarding indivisibles. He described his own view as the common view, that of "Aristotle, A verroes, and most of the moderns," according to which a "continuum was not composed of atoms (athomis) but of parts divisible without end.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927070
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I / Historical and Conceptual Foundations -- Back from the Grave: Recurring Controversies over Defining and Diagnosing Death In History -- Does Anyone Survive Neocortical Death? -- Reexamining the Definition of Death and Becoming Clearer about What it is to be Alive -- II / Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria of Death: Legal Considerations -- Should the Law Define Death? — A Genuine Question -- Legal Issues Leading to the Notion of Neocortical Death -- III / The President’s Commission and Beyond -- The Report of the President’s Commission on the Uniform Determination of Death Act -- Whole-Brain, Neocortical, and Higher Brain Related Concepts -- Brains and Persons: A Critique of Veatch’s View -- Human Death and the Destruction of the Neocortex -- IV / The Cultural Context -- Beyond a Whole-Brain Definition of Death: Reconsidering the Metaphysics of Death -- The Many Times of Death -- The Element of Choice in Criteria of Death -- Person Perception and the Death of the Person: A New Role for Health Professionals in Cases of Brain Death -- Notes on contributors.
    Abstract: From the tone of the report by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Re­ search, one might conclude that the whole-brain-oriented definition of death is now firmly established as an enduring element of public policy. In that report, Defining Death: Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death, the President's Commission forwarded a uni­ form determination of death act, which laid heavy accent on the signifi­ cance of the brain stem in determining whether an individual is alive or dead: An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead. A determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards ([1], p. 2). The plausibility of these criteria is undermined as soon as one confronts the question of the level of treatment that ought to be provided to human bodies that have permanently lost consciousness but whose brain stems are still functioning.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: — Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Biomedical Ethics -- Section I / Deriving Utilitarian Consequences -- Utilitarian Goals and Kantian Constraints (or: Always True to You, Darling, in my Fashion) -- Utilitarians Among the Optimists -- Utilitarianism and the Informed Consent Requirement (or: Should Utilitarians be Allowed on Medical Research Ethical Review Boards?) -- Reply to Ruddick and Reiman -- Section II / Natural Right Casuistry -- Moral Rights and Causal Casuistry -- Death by Omission -- Coffee and Casuistry: It Doesn’t Matter Who Caused What -- Section III / Marx’s Theory: Deriving Moral Implications -- Marxism and Moral Judgment -- Marx, Moral Judgment, and Medical Ethics: Commentary on Buchanan -- Section IV / Christian Casuistry -- Reconciling the Practice of Reason: Casuistry in a Christian Context -- Christianity in a Social Context: Practical Reasoning and Forgiveness -- Section V / From Theory to Praxis -- The Relation of Moral Theory to Moral Judgments: A Kantian View -- Justification in Ethics -- Theory and Practice in Ethics -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: principles. A second solution to this problem is to develop a scale for weighing the significance of the conflicting principles in a given case and for concluding which action should be adopted because it is supported by the weightier considerations in that case. Such a solution seems more realistic than the lexical ordering approach, but the development of such a scale is a problematic task. Still other, more complex solutions are possible. Which is the best solution to this problem of conflicting principles of bioethics? We need a moral theory to answer that question. This is the first reason for concluding that the principles of bioethics are not the true foundations of justified judgment in bioethics. What is the problem of the unclear scope and implications of the principles of bioethics and how can an appeal to moral theory help deal with that problem? The scope of a bioethical principle is the range of cases in which it applies. The implications of a bioethical principle are the conclusions to be derived from that principle in those cases in which it applies. It is clear from a review of the discussions in bioethics that there are major unclarities about the scope and implications of each of the principles. Consider, for example, the principle of autonomy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISBN: 9789400928053
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 105
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 105
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Collegium Phaenomenologicum in Its First Ten Years -- Texts -- The Crisis of Reason in the Nineteenth Century: Schelling’s Treatise on Human Freedom (1809) -- Perception, Categorial Intuition, and Truth in Husserl’s Sixth Logical Investigation -- Immanence, Transcendence, and Being in Husserl’s Idea of Phenomenology -- Heidegger’s Lehrjahre -- Time Out... -- Heidegger’s ‘Searching Suggestion’ concerning Nietzsche -- The Middle Voice in Being and Time -- Reference, Sign, and Language: Being and Time, Section 17 -- Narrow and not Far-reaching Footpaths: Heidegger and Modern Art -- Toward the Hermeneutic of Der Satz vom Grund -- The Sensitive Flesh -- Levinas on Memory and the Trace -- The Silent Anarchic World of the Evil Genius -- Jewgreek or Greekjew -- The Economy of the Body in a Post-Nietzschean Era -- The Inevitable and Slips of the Tongue -- Appendices -- Programs of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum 1976–1985 -- Participants in the Collegium Phaenomenologicum 1976–1985.
    Abstract: It is our hope that this volume will serve to document both the history of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum during its first ten years as well as some of the philosophical work that has grown out of the annual gatherings in Perugia. The Introduction narrates the history and is supplemented by the Appendices, in which the programs and the participants for each of the ten years are listed. The essays, on the other hand, present in more finished form work that was developed in connection with courses, lectures, or seminars conducted during the first ten years of the Collegium. Giuseppina Moneta John Sallis Jacques Taminiaux Introduction The Collegium Phaenomenologicum in Its First Ten Years GIUSEPPINA C. MONETA The idea of the Collegium Phaenomenologicum first took shape in a conversa­ tion that I had with Werner Marx at his home in Bollschweil in the Spring of 1975. Previously I had thought of the possibility of a gathering of phenom­ enologists somewhere in Italy during the summer months. And when I ex­ plained to Werner Marx that it would not be difficult to find accommodation for such a gathering in a Franciscan monastery in Umbria, he responded enthusiastically and assured me that such a project would have the support of the Husserl Archives in Leuven and in Freiburg.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Environmental Ethics and Science Policy 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Environmental management ; Sociology.
    Abstract: One: Introduction to Mandated Science -- Identifying Mandated Science -- The Character of Mandated Science -- The Approach to be Taken in the Study of Mandated Science -- Standard Setting: A Case Study of Mandated Science -- The Design of the Study -- Specific Methodological Decisions -- The Organization of the Book -- Two: An Introduction to Standards -- The Features of Standards -- Confusions in Terminology -- The Data Problem in Standard Setting -- The Debates about Standards -- Standard Setting as an Example of Mandated Science -- Three: In the Eye of the StormCase Study One: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists -- The Early History -- The Active Phase -- The Transition Period -- ACGIH Today -- Membership of the TLV Committee -- Standard Setting in ACGIH -- ACGIH Standards -- Controversies about Standards -- The Status of ACGIH Standards -- The Use of ACGIH Standards -- Discussion -- Four: Alphabet SoupCase Study Two: The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues -- The Codex Alimentarius -- The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR) -- The Joint Management Committee on Pesticide Residues -- The Three Organizations -- The Standards -- The Status of Codex Standards -- Discussion -- Five: Political ChemicalsCase Study Three: The Toronto Lead Controversy -- Background Information -- Standards in the Toronto Lead Controversy -- The Toronto Lead Controversy (1) — Early History -- The Toronto Lead Controversy (2) — the Case Goes to Court -- The Toronto Lead Controversy (3) — Words Become Dangerous -- The Toronto Lead Controversy (4) — Studying the Problem -- The Toronto Lead Controversy (5) — The Hearing Acts as a Court -- Discussion -- Six: An Economic PoisonCase Study Four: Pentachlorophenol -- Sorne Background Information -- The Standards -- History of the Controversy -- Discussion -- Seven: Standards Revisited -- The Characteristics of Standards -- The Character of Standard Setting: The Two Organizations -- The Character of Standard Setting: The Two Controversies -- Standards and the Debate about Regulation -- The Debate about Standards: Prescriptive versus Performance Standards -- Standards and Mandated Science -- Eight: Mandated Science -- The Character of Mandated Science -- Questions Arising from the Study of Mandated Science -- The Debates in Mandated Science -- Conclusions from the Study of Mandated Science -- Notes.
    Abstract: For a long time I would not eat strawberries. In 1977, a scandal broke about a testing laboratory having falsified the data that was used to register a large number of pesticides. The Canadian government, along with several others, began the process of re-evaluating both the procedures for testing and these specific chemicals. One chemical proved particularly controversial, the commonly-used pesticide named captan. In light of the controversy, which was manifest in a conflict between two government departments, in 1981, the Canadian government chose to appoint a special panel of experts to advise them. I was a member of this expert committee. The experience on the captan committee did little to reassure me, either about captan or about the way that decisions had been made about many pesticides in widespread use. Although it could not be demonstrated that captan was dangerous to people in the amounts to which they would likely be exposed, the animal studies provided the basis for concern. Prudence required at the very least that consumers take the precaution of washing their fruit, for captan is widely used on apples, cherries and berry fruits. Captan residues wash off apples relatively easily; they are less easily removed from berry fruits, such as straw­ berries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISBN: 9789400929159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 33
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and his Predecessors -- Hobbes’s System of Modalities -- Was Leibniz’s Deity an Akrates? -- Hegel on Modalities and Monadology -- Plenitude and Contingency: Modal Concepts in Nineteenth Century French Philosophy -- Frege and his German Contemporaries on Alethic Modalities -- From Possibility to Probability: British Discussions on Modality in the Nineteenth Century -- The Failure of Logical Positivism to Cope with Problems of Modal Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The word "modem" in the title of this book refers primarily to post-medieval discussions, but it also hints at those medieval mo­ dal theories which were considered modem in contradistinction to ancient conceptions and which in different ways influenced philosophical discussions during the early modem period. The me­ dieval developments are investigated in the opening paper, 'The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and His Predecessors', by Lilli Alanen and Simo Knuuttila. Boethius's works from the early sixth century belonged to the sources from which early medieval thinkers obtained their knowledge of ancient thought. They offered extensive discus­ sions of traditional modal conceptions the basic forms of which were: (1) the paradigm of possibility as a potency striving to realize itself; (2) the "statistical" interpretation of modal no­ tions where necessity means actuality in all relevant cases or omnitemporal actuality, possibility means actuality in some rel­ evant cases or sometimes, and impossibility means omnitemporal non-actuality; and (3) the "logical" definition of possibility as something which, being assumed, results in nothing contradic­ tory. Boethius accepted the Aristotelian view according to which total possibilities in the first sense must prove their met­ tle through actualization and possibilities in the third sense are assumed to be realized in our actual history. On these presump­ tions, all of the above-mentioned ancient paradigms imply the Principle of Plenitude according to which no genuine possibility remains unrealized.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    ISBN: 9789400928558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 193
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Testing Theories of Scientific Change -- II: Case Studies -- 1. 17Th-Century Mechanics -- Galileo’s Copernicanism and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Newton’s Rejection of the Mechanical AEther: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Vortex Theory of Motion, 1687–1713: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- 2. Chemistry from the 18th to the 20th Centuries -- The Chemical Revolution: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Molecular Geometry in 19th-century France: Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Kekulé’s Benzene Theory and the Appraisal of Scientific Theories -- Fermentation Theory: Empirical Difficulties and Guiding Assumptions -- The Polywater Episode and the Appraisal of Theories -- 3. 19Th-Century Physics -- Ampère’s Electrodynamics and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Brownian Motion and the Appraisal of Theories -- The Michelson — Morley Experiment and the Appraisal of Theories -- 4. Recent Geological Theory -- Plate Tectonics and Inter-Theory Relations -- The Theory of an Expanding Earth and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- 5. 20th-Century Physics -- Planck’s Quantum Crisis and Shifts in Guiding Assumptions -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Acceptability of Guiding Assumptions -- Electroweak Unification and the Appraisal of Theories -- Index of Thesis Citations and.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISBN: 9789400928657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Decisions and Games -- Conditional Preference and Causal Expected Utility -- Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, a Defense of Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation -- Consistency and Decision: Variations on Ramseyan Themes -- Powers -- II / Rational Belief Change -- Causation and the Dynamics of Belief -- Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic Theory of Epistemic States -- The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of Holistic-Coherent Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems -- III / Statistics -- Four Themes in Statistical Explanation -- Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and Causal Modelling.
    Abstract: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine Vll INTRODUCTION PART I: DECISIONS AND GAMES Causal notions have recently corne to figure prominently in discussions about rational decision making. Indeed, a relatively influential new approach to theorizing about rational choice has come to be called "causal decision theory". 1 Decision problems such as Newcombe's Problem and some versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma where an act counts as evidence for a desired state even though the agent knows his choice of that act cannot causally influence whether or not the state obtains have motivated causal decision theorists.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    ISBN: 9789400929111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: The problem -- The approach -- Aim and objectives -- The thesis and its background -- Ideality of language -- ?ruti -- The ‘dogma’ of sruti: apauru?eya -- The text and its author -- Cit: consciousness in the knowing process -- Dharmar?ja and Navya-ny?ya -- 1. Outline of the Argument for ?abdapramÅ?a -- 2. On Words -- Linguistic kara?a and the word -- 3. On Meaning -- A. Some general remarks on ‘meaning’ -- B. Indian theories of ‘meaning’ -- C. The linguistic functions of ‘meaning’ -- 4. ??bdabodha: Psycholinguistics of Sentence Understanding -- A. ??bdabodha -- B. Sa?sargamary?d? -- 5. The K?ra?s -- A. Ák??k?? — syntactic expectancy -- B. ?satti — linguistic contiguity -- 6. The Phenomenological K?ranas -- A. Yogyat? — semantic competency -- B. T?tparya — intentionality -- 7. ?abdapr?m?nya — Problem of Truth and Authority of the Word -- A. Truth and falsity of ??bdabodha -- B. ‘Authority and Praxis’ —?ptabh?va -- Appendixes -- B. Bibliography -- A. Primary sources -- B. Secondary sources and related texts -- Indexes -- Name index -- General index.
    Abstract: Dr PurusQttama Bilimoria's book on sabdapramaIJa is an important one, and so is likely to arouse much controversy. I am pleased to be able to write a Foreword to this book, at a stage in my philosophical thinking when my own interests have been turning towards the thesis of sabdapramaIJa as the basis of Hindu religious and philosophical tradition. Dr Bilimoria offers many novel interpretations of classical Hindu theories about language, meaning, understanding and knowing. These interpretations draw upon the conceptual resources of contemporary analytic and phenomenological philosophies, without sacrificing the authentIcity that can arise only out of philologically grounded scholarship. He raises many issues, and claims to have resolved some of them. Certainly, he advances the overall discussion, and this is the best one could hope for in writing on a topic to which the best minds of antiquity and modern times have applied themselves. In this Foreword, I wish to focus on one of the issues which I have raised on earlier occasions, and on which Dr Bilimoria has several important things to say. The issue is: is sabdabodha eo ipso a linguistic knowing, i. e. , sabdapramll, or does Sabdabodha amount to knowing only when certain specifiable conditions are satisfied. It the second alternative be accepted, these additional conditions could not be the same as the familiar Ilsatti (contiguity), yogyata (semantic fitness), dka;,k~ll (expectancy) and tlltparya (intention), for these are, on the theory, conditions of sabdabodha itself.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1: Preliminaries -- 1.1 The central issues -- 1.2 The contributions of previous scholars -- 1.3 The argument of this book -- Notes -- 2: Rational Skepticism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 2.1 The foundation of skepticism in the Nik?yas -- 2.2 The influence of N?g?rjuna -- Notes -- 3: Nominalism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism -- 3.1 The ?gama literature and Milindapañha -- 3.2 Nominalism in N?g?rjuna -- 3.3 Nominalism in Vasubandhu -- Notes -- 4: Di?n?ga’s Theory of Knowledge -- 4.1 Hetucakranir?aya -- 4.2 The Pram??asamuccaya -- 4.3 The skepticism implicit in Di?n?ga’s epistemology -- Notes -- 5: Di?n?ga’s nominalism -- 5.1 The ?lambanapar?k?? -- 5.2 The context of the discussion of nominalism in the Pram??asamuccaya -- Notes -- Translations Introduction to translation -- The history of the Pram??asamuccaya in Tibet -- 6: Pram??asamuccaya II “On reasoning” -- 6.1 Inference differentiated from sensation -- 6.2 The three characteristics of legitimate evidence -- 6.3 Property-bearer as the subject of inference -- 6.4 On restricted and errant properties -- 6.5 Non-symmetry of restriction and pervasion -- Notes -- 7: Pram??asamuccaya V: On the nature of signs in language -- 7.1 On the question of what verbal symbols make known -- 7.2 On the relationships between symbols that express preclusion -- 7.3 On the unreality of universals outside thought -- 7.4 On the question of what linguistic symbols preclude -- Notes -- 8: Conclusions -- Appendix A: Glossary of Sanskrit Terms -- Appendix B: Tibetan-Sanskrit Lexicon -- Selected Bibliography -- Subject and Author Index.
    Abstract: Buddhist philosophy in India in the early sixth century C. E. took an important tum away from the traditional methods of explaining and systematizing the teachings in Siitra literature that were attributed to the Buddha. The new direction in which several Indian Buddhist philosophers began to move was that of following reasoning to its natural conclusions, regardless whether the conclusions conflicted with traditional teachings. The central figure in this new movement was DiIinaga, a native of South India who found his way to the centre of Buddhist education at Nalanda, studied the treatises that were learned by the Buddhist intellectuals of his day, and eventually wrote works of his own that formed the core of a distinctly new school of Buddhist thought. Inasmuch as virtually every Indian philosopher after the sixth century had either to reject Dirinaga's methods or build upon the foundations provided by his investigations into logic, epistemology and language, his influence on the evolution of Indian philosophy was considerable, and indeed some familiarity with Dirinaga's arguments and conclusions is indispensable for anyone who wishes to understand the historical development of Indian thought. Moreover, since the approach to Buddhism that grew out of Dirinaga's meditations on language and the limits of knowledge dominated the minds of many of the scholars who took Buddhism to Tibet, some familiarity with Dirinaga is also essential to those who wish to understand the intellectual infrastructure of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400928732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (494p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 107
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 107
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Narrative of Personal Events and Ideas -- List of Published Writings of Lewis Feuer -- On the Reality of Economic Illusion -- Institutional Economics as an Ideological Movement -- Generalization, Value-Judgment and Causal Explanation in History -- Theory and Practice: An Unsteady Dichotomy? -- Development and Underdevelopment: Conflicting Pespectives on the Third World -- Occupational Mobility: A Personal Perspective -- From Animism to Rationalism -- Toward Greater Equality -- Left-Wing Fascism and Right-Wing Communism: The Fission-Fusion Effect in American Extremist Ideologies -- The Nature of Bronson Alcott -- Is Marxism a Religion? -- Judaism in the Culture of Modernism -- Panteleimon Kulish — A Ukrainian Romantic Conservative -- Idea (English and Polish Versions) -- Organizational Weapons and Political Sects -- Millenarianism in England, Holland and America: Jewish and Christian Relations in England, Holland and Newport, Rhode Island -- John Dewey’s Philosophy of War and Peace -- To L.F. from V.C.R., 1984 -- China Today: Retreat from Mao and Return to Marx? -- Life and Work: A Biography of Lord Kelvin Reconsidered -- The Case of Lewis S. Feuer, Crime Writer -- After Strange Gods: Radical Jews in Modern America -- The Concept of Alienation Revisited -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Two articles by Lewis Feuer caught my attention in the '40s when 1 was wondering, asa student physicist, about the relations of physics to philosophy and to the world in turmoil. One was his essay on 'The Development of Logical Empiricism' (1941), and the other his critical review of Philipp Frank's biography of Einstein, 'Philosophy and the Theory of Relativity' (1947). How extraordinary it was to find so intelligent, independent, critical, and humane a mind; and furthermore he went further, as I soon realized when I looked for his name on other publications. I recall arguing with myself over his exploration of 'Indeterminacy and Economic Development' (1948), and even more when I read his 'Dialectical Materialism and Soviet Science' (1949). More papers, and then the fascinating, sometimes irritating, always insightful, books. His monograph on Psychoanalysis and Ethics 1955, the beautiful sociological and humanist study of Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism (1958), his essays on 'The Social Roots of Einstein's Theory of Relativity' (1971) together with the book on Einstein and the Genera­ tions of Science (1974), the splendid reader from the works of Marx and Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy (1959) which was a major text of the '60s, the stimulating essays on the social formation which seems to have been required for a modern scientific movement to develop, set forth most convincingly in The Scientific Intellectual (1963).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    ISBN: 9789400928633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 41
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A. On the Nature of Probabilistic Causation -- Causality Testing in a Decision Science -- Causal Tendency: A Review -- Intuitions: Good and Not-So-Good -- Response to Salmon -- Regular Associations and Singular Causes -- Eliminating Singular Causes: Reply to Nancy Cartwright -- Reply to Ellery Eells -- Probabilistic Causal Levels -- Probabilistic Causality in Space and Time -- B. Physical Probability, Degree of Belief, and De Finettis Theorem -- Symmetry and Its Discontents -- A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities -- Conditioning, Kinematics, and Ex-changeability -- Ergodic Theory and the Foundations of Probability -- Indexes.
    Abstract: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine VII INTRODUCTION TO CAUSATION, CHANCE, AND CREDENCE The search for causes is so central to science that it has sometimes been taken as the defining attribute of the scientific enterprise. Yet even after twenty-five centuries of philosophical analysis the meaning of "cause" is still a matter of controversy, among scientists as well as philosophers. Part of the problem is that the servicable concepts of causation built out of Necessity, Sufficiency, Locality, and Temporal Precedence were constructed for a deterministic world-view which has been obsolete since the advent of quantum theory. A physically credible theory of causation must be, at basis, statistical. And statistical analyses of caus­ ation may be of interest even when an underlying deterministic theory is assumed, as in classical statistical mechanics.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928978
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica, Publications and Monographs of the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg / Switzerland and the Center for East Europe, Russia and Asia at Boston College and the Seminar for Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich 51
    Series Statement: Sovietica 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Lukács’ Marxist Thought -- The Critical Thought of Georg Lukács -- Georg Lukács and the Bourgeois Mind in the Twentieth Century -- Lukács in the Eyes of Western Philosophy Today -- II Themes in History and Class Consciousness -- Lukács’ Concept of Ideology -- Objectivism and the Rise of Cultural Alienation -- Reification from Lukács to Halbermas -- Reification Re-examined -- The Question of Organization in the Early Marxist Work of Lukács. Technique or Praxis? -- Is There a ‘Proletarian Standpoint’? -- Lukács’ Wake: Praxis, Presence and Metaphysics -- III Lukács on Hegel -- Lukács’ Hegel Interpretation -- Lukács on Modern Philosophy -- IV Lukács’ Later Thought -- Lukács’ Ontology.
    Abstract: As this century nears an end, it has become increasingly clear that Georg Lukacs is one of the most ta.1ented intellectuals of our time, not only in the Marxist tradition, but in general. Lukacs' name is well­ known, and his views are increasingly attracting attention; but it cannot be said that his thought has so far been widely studied, or that it has been studied to the degree its place in the Marxist tradition warrants or its intrinsic interest demands. In the relatively short period since Lukacs' death, there have been a number of books and many articles devoted to his work. But, despite some efforts in that direction, there is still no adequate treatment of his work as a whole, surely a formidable task.! If, as I believe, Lukacs is the most important Marxist philosopher since Marx, and one of the most influential intellectual figures of this century, then surely his ideas are worth scrutinizing frequently and in detail. This is not the place to provide a general description either of Lukacs' life or of his work. Descriptions of his life, especially his early career, are widely available. For present purposes, it will suffice to provide only the barest mention of some biographical facts, together with a brief account of some items in his bibliography.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400927056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Human Experimentation and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- The Search for Universality in the Ethics of Human Research: Andrew C. Ivy, Henry K. Beecher, and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- Section II / The Development in Medicine of the Imperative to Conduct Research with Human Subjects: an Historical Analysis -- Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research -- Reflections on the History of Human Experimentation -- Comparative Models and Goals for the Regulation of Human Research -- Moral Appropriateness in Human Research -- Public Control over Biomedical Experiments Involving Human Beings: An Israeli Perspective -- Section III / Ethical and Epistemological Issues in Randomized Clinical Trials -- Diagnosing Well and Treating Prudently: Randomized Clinical Trials and the Problem of Knowing Truly -- Research Risks, Randomization, and Risks to Research: Reflections on the Prudential Use of “Pilot” Trials -- Epistemological Presuppositions Involved in the Programs of Human Research -- At What Level of Statistical Certainty Ought a Random Clinical Trial to be Interrupted? -- Comment on Michael Ruse’s Essay -- Section IV / Obligations and the Avoidance of Injury -- Is There an Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research? -- Physicians Experimenting on Themselves: Some Ethical and Philosophical Considerations -- Protection of Human Subjects: Remedies for Injury -- Israel Health Regulations: Experiments on Human Subjects - 1980 -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume, which has developed from the Fourteenth Trans­ Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, September 5-8, 1982, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, contains the contributions of a group of distinguished scholars who together examine the ethical issues raised by the advance of biomedical science and technology. We are, of course, still at the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of human biology; scientific medicine and clinical research are scarcely one hundred years old. Both the sciences and the technology of medicine until ten or fifteen years ago had the feeling of the 19th century about them; we sense that they belonged to an older time; that era is ending. The next twenty-five to fifty years of investigative work belong to neurobiology, genetics, and reproductive biology. The technologies of information processing and imaging will make diagnosis and treatment almost incomprehensible by my generation of physicians. Our science and technology will become so powerful that we shall require all of the art and wisdom we can muster to be sure that they remain dedicated, as Francis Bacon hoped four centuries ago, "to the uses of life." It is well that, as philosophers and physicians, we grapple with the issues now when they are relatively simple, and while the pace of change is relatively slow. We require a strategy for the future; that strategy must be worked out by scientists, philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, and, I should like to add, artists and poets.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400930254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 111
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: A Retrospect -- Deductive Heuristics -- Development of Science as a Change of Types -- Methodology and Ontology -- Imre Lakatos in China -- On the Characterization of Cognitive Progress -- II -- Continuity and Discontinuity in the Definition of a Disciplinary Field: The Case of XXth Century Physics -- Determinism, Probability and Randomness in Classical Statistical Physics -- The Emergence of a Research Programme in Classical Thermodynamics -- The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes and Some Developments in High Energy Physics -- Many-Particle Physics: Calculational Complications that Become a Blessing for Methodology -- The Relative Autonomy of Theoretical Science and the Role of Crucial Experiments in the Development of Superconductivity Theory -- III -- Lakatos on the Evaluation of Scientific Theories -- Methodological Sophisticationism: A Degenerating Project -- Through the Looking Glass: Philosophy, Research Programmes and the Scientific Community -- A Critical Consideration of the Lakatosian Concepts: “Mature” and “Immature” Science -- Bridge Structures and the Borderline Between the Internal and External History of Science -- IV -- Corroboration, Verisimilitude, and the Success of Science -- Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in PROLOG -- Louis Althusser and Joseph D. Sneed: A Strange Encounter in Philosophy of Science? -- On Incommensurability -- Partial Interpretation, Meaning Variance, and Incommensurability -- Scientific Discovery and Commensurability of Meaning -- V -- Proofs and Refutations: A Reassessment -- Counterfactual Reduction -- Research Programmes and Paradigms as Dialogue Structures -- Philosophy of Science and the Technological Dimension of Science -- Falsificationism Looked at from an “Economic” Point of View -- VI -- The Bayesian Alternative to the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes -- Frege and Popper: Two Critics of Psychologism -- Has Popper Been a Good Thing? -- Popper’s Propensities: An Ontological Interpretation of Probability.
    Abstract: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISBN: 9789401568784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 526 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 32
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: Categorial Grammars as Theories of Language -- The Lambek Calculus -- Generative Power of Categorial Grammars -- Semantic Categories and the Development of Categorial Grammars -- Aspects of a Categorial Theory of Binding -- Type Raising, Functional Composition, and Non-Constituent Conjunction -- Implications of Process-Morphology for Categorial Grammar -- Phrasal Verbs and the Categories of Postponement -- Natural Language Motivations for Extending Categorial Grammar -- Categorial and Categorical Grammars -- Mixed Composition and Discontinuous Dependencies -- Multi-Dimensional Compositional Functions as a Basis for Grammatical Analysis -- Categorial Grammar and Phrase Structure Grammar: An Excursion on the Syntax-Semantics Frontier -- Combinators and Grammars -- A Typology of Functors and Categories -- Consequences of Some Categorially-Motivated Phonological Assumptions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Categories and Functors.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    ISBN: 9789400928398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 219 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Foreground -- I / Toward the Extended Phenomenology of The Soul: The Soul as the “Soil” of Life’s Forces and the Transmitter of Life’s Constructive Progress from the Primeval Logos of Life to Its Annihilation in the Anti-Logos of Man’s “Transnatural Telos” -- II / In Which the Principles of a New Phenomenological Explication of Spiritual Interiority, as Well as an Outline of its Philosophical Interpretation, are Proposed -- One The First Movement of The Soul: Radical Examination -- I / “Radical Examination” and the Current of Man’s Life -- II / The Second Movement of the Soul: Exalted Existence. The Discovery of the Finiteness of Life (Does the Soul Have Its Very Own Resources and Hidden Means for Passing beyond This Finitude ?) -- III / The Third Movement of the Soul: Toward Transcending -- Two Progress in the Life of the Soul as the Logos of Life Declines -- I / Inward “Communication” -- II / “Personal Truth” and the Essential Point of Communiscation -- Three The Secret Architecture of the Soul -- I / The Establishment of the “Inward Sacredness” of the Soul’s Quest -- II / The Dianoiac Thread of the Logos Running Through Our Polyphonic Exploration of the Pursuit of Destiny: Creative Self-Interpretation between the Self and the Other -- Notes -- Index of Names -- of Book 1.
    Abstract: PART I THE CRITIQUE OF REASON CONTINUED: FROM LOGOS TO ANTI-LOGOS 1. THE NEW CRITIQUE OF REASON A new critique of reason is the crucial task imposed on the philosophy of our times as we emerge more and more from so-called "modernism" into a historical phase which will have to take its own paths and find its own determination. It may be considered that the main developmental line of modern times in its philosophy as well as in its culture at large was traced by the Cartesian cogito. The unfolding of Occidental philos­ ophy has culminated in reason or intellect's being awarded the central place. This is its specific trait. We can see a direct line of progression from the cogito to Kant's Critique. It is no wonder that this work is the landmark of modern philosophy. Kant's Critique was concerned with the foundation of the sciences. Edmund-Husserllaunched a second major, renewed, critique of reason, one which addresses not only the critical situation of the sciences but extends the critique even to the situation of Occidental culture as its malaise is diagnosed by this great thinker. Edmund Husserl voiced, in fact, the conviction that Occidental humanity has reached in our age the peak of its unfolding. His identify­ ing this peak with the formulation of phenomenological philosophy strikes at the point in which the significant and novel developments of Occidental culture and philosophy (phenomenology, that is) coincide.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400914315
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (410p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 102
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 102
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Hindu Systems of Thought as Epistemic Disciplines -- I. The Science of Philosophies -- II. The Mechanism of Organization -- III. The Structural Design -- IV. Para-Methodology -- V. Modality and Modalization -- VI. The Self-Developing Culture and Text -- VII. Six Epistemic Disciplines Unfolding Into One Another -- VIII. Modal Semiotics and the Categories of Philosophical Thinking -- IX. Six Entries into the World of Philosophical Reflections -- X. Summa Philosophiae -- II / The Birth of ‘Meaning’: A Systematic Genealogy of Indian Semantics -- I. Segregation of Meaning and Language -- II. The Rgveda in the Making: A Meaningful Activity Without ‘Meaning’ -- III. The Nirukta: A Knot of Semantic and Etymological Problems -- IV. P?nini: Separating and Interconnecting Language and Logic -- V. The Individual and the Universal in Language and Knowledge -- III / Dialectics in Kant and in the Ny?ya-S?tra: Toward the History of the Formation of Formal Logical Thinking -- IV / The Canonical Self in the World of Knowledge: A Note on Ny?ya Gnoseology -- V / Revelation in Advaita Ved?nta as an Experiment in the Semantic Destruction of Language -- I. Theoretical Basis of the Possibility of Coming to Know Brahman (Pary?ya) -- II. Intuitive Basis of the Possibility of Coming to Know Brahman (Prayojana) -- III. Pary?ya of the First Stage of Reflection from the Structure of the Text to the Nature of Brahman: The Theory of False Attribution and its Sublation (Transcendence) -- IV. Prayojana of the First Stage of Reflection: The Intuition of False Attribution and its Sublation (Transcendence) -- V. Pary?ya of the Second Stage of Reflection: The Theory of Brahman Shown in a Metaphoric Occurrence (Laksan?vritti) -- VI. Prayojana of the Second Stage of Reflection: Intuition of Brahman Shown by the Method of Metamorphic Definition -- VII. Language Inappropriateness Exposed and Brahman Demonstrated by the Netiv?da Method: The Theory of Intuition (Pary?ya) -- VIII. Prayojana of the Vedic Realization by the Netiv?da Method: The Intuition of a Theory -- VI / Is The Bodhisattva a Skeptic? On the Trichotomy of ‘Indicative’, ‘Recollective’, and ‘Collective’ Signs -- VII / Hindu Values and Buddhism: An Exemplary Discourse -- I. Methodological -- II. Theoretical -- II.1. The Mim?msa Normology -- VIII / Understanding Cultural Traditions Through Types of Thinking -- I. Level of Absolute Reality -- II. Level of Phenomenation -- III. Level of Absolute Irreality -- IX / The Family of Hindu ‘Visions’ as Cultural Entities -- Notes and References -- Bibliography: Selected Works of David Zilberman.
    Abstract: In his letter to B. K. Matilal, dated February 20, 1977, the author of this book wrote about his work on Advaita-Vedanta: " ... It was not to present Advaita in the light of current problems of the logic of scientific discovery and modern philosophy of language ... but just the contrary. I do not believe that any 'logic without metaphysics' or 'philosophy of language without thinking' is possible." This passage alone may serve as the clue to Zilberman's understanding and mode of explaining that specific and highly original approach to (not 'of'!) philosophy that he himself nicknamed modal. Four points would seem to me to be most essential here. First, a philosophy cannot have 'anything un-thinking' as its object of investigation. Language, to Zilberman, is not a phenomenon of con­ sciousness but a spontaneously working natural mechanism (like, for instance, 'mind' to some Buddhist philosophers). It may, of course, be­ come used for and by consciousness; consciousness may see itself, so to speak, in language, but only secondarily, only as in one of its modifica­ tions, derivations or modalities. That is why to Zilberman linguistic- as to Kant psychology - cannot and must not figure as the primary ground for any philosophical investigation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 113
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Philology ; History
    Abstract: 1: The Methodological Question -- 1. The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology -- 2. Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse -- 2: The Paradigm of Conceptual Psychology -- 3. Kant and Herbart: the Initiation of Conceptual Psychology -- 4. Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology -- 3: Case Studies -- 5. Dilthey and Descriptive Psychology -- 6. Phenomenology and Conceptual Psychology -- 7. Mach’s Psychology of Investigation and the Limits of Science -- 8. Freud: the Psychology of Psychoanalysis -- Afterword: Some Consequences of Conceptual Psychology -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 35
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; History ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: One/ Subject and Programme -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quandaries in recent Aristotle research -- 3. The programme of this study -- Notes to Chapter One -- Two/ The General Doctrine I Some Theorems and Rules -- 1. Multifariousness and common core -- 2. A provisional assumption -- 3. Common properties -- 4. Comparisons -- Notes to Chapter Two -- Three/ The General Doctrine II Absolute and Qualified Modalities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Qualified vs. absolute modalities -- 3. Qualified necessity, syllogisms and the proof per impossibile -- 4. Absolute impossibility and the commensurability of the diagonal -- 5. Real and assumed background knowledge -- 6. Relations between temporal and modal concepts -- Notes to Chapter Three -- Four/ Modality and Time (I) The Principle of Plenitude -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Principle of Plenitude and its role in Aristotle’s modal thinking -- 3. The evidence -- Notes to Chapter Four -- Five/ Modality and Time (II) De Caelo I.12 and The Necessity of What is Eternal -- 1. The problem -- 2. Williams and the supposed logical errors -- 3. Hintikka and the confusion in Aristotle’s “Master Argument” -- 4. Judson and the “grossness of Aristotle’s fallacy” -- 5. The metaphysics in De Caelo I.12 as exposed by Waterlow -- 6. De Caelo I.12 and the necessity of what is eternal -- 7. Some extrapolations and the role of hylê phthartê -- Notes to Chapter Five -- Six/ Modality and Time (III) De Interpretations 9 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The traditional views -- 3. De Interpretations 9 on the statistical reading -- 4. Deliberation and chance events in De Interpretatione 9 -- 5. The interpretation -- Notes to Chapter Six -- Seven/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 The De Omni-Per Se Distinction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Zabarella on Aristotelian necessity -- 3. Inseparable accidents -- 4. A first look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6 -- 5. Some commentaries on Posterior Analytics I.4 and 6 -- 6. Real or conceptual modalities? -- 7. Aristotle, matter, and definition -- Notes to Chapter Seven -- Eight/ Posterior Analytics I.4–6 Names and Naming -- 1. Abstraction in Metaphysics XIII.3 -- 2. Abstraction and naming -- 3. The issue of names and naming -- 4. A new look at Posterior Analytics I.4–6, part one -- 5. Some major differences -- 6. A new look at Posterior Analytics 1.4-6, part two -- 7. Belonging kath’ hauto and homogeneity -- 8. Homogeneity, the necessity of what is always and the concept of possibility -- Notes to Chapter Eight -- Nine/ Apodeictic Syllogistic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. External criticism -- 3. The nature of Aristotle’s syllogistic theory -- 4. Apodeictic syllogistic -- 5. Incoherence -- 6. McCall’s reconstruction -- 7. The four apodeictic categorical sentences and apodeictic ecthesis -- 8. The apodeictic conversion rules -- 9. The apodeictic Barbaras and domains of discourse -- 10. The status of ALuu -- 11. The soundness of the inference base -- 12. Conversion rules and shifts of type of predication -- 13. Conclusions -- Notes to Chapter Nine -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    ISBN: 9789401578073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 369 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; Ethics ; Public health ; Economic development. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Value Conflicts in Allocation and Care -- National Health Care Systems: Conflicting Visions -- National Health Care Systems: Concurring Conflicts -- National Health Care Systems -- An Ethical Evaluation of Health Care in the United States -- The Health Care System of the Federal Republic of Germany: Moral Issues and Public Policy -- The American and West German Health Care Systems: A Physician’s Reflections -- Socialism, Equity, and Cost Containment in Health: The French Experience -- Ethics and Health Policy in the Netherlands -- Health in the U.S.S.R.: Organization, Trends, and Ethics -- The Public and Private Regulation of Health Care Markets -- Justice as Fairness or Fairness as Prudence? -- Macro-Allocation and Micro-Allocation -- Macro-Allocation in Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany -- The Macro-Allocation of Health Care Resources -- Rights, Reasonable Expectations, and Rationing: A Commentary on the Essays of Ruth Mattheis and Baruch Brody -- Political-Medical Allocations in the Compulsory Health Insurance Program in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Micro-Allocation in the Health Care System: Fiscal Consolidation with Structural Reforms? -- Medical Micro-Allocation: Is and Ought -- Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health, and Future Issues -- Preventive Interventionism and Individual Liberty -- Improving Occupational Health in the Federal Republic of Germany -- A View from a Clinician’s Window -- Epilogue.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400928756
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 195
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Systematic Analyses -- Do Experiments Depend on Theories or Theories on Experiments? -- On Experimental Questions -- II. The Roles of Experiment: Theory Generation and Theory Testing -- Reconstructing Science: Discovery and Experiment -- The Role of Experiment and Theory in the Development of Nuclear Physics in the Early 1930’s -- Empirical Support for the Corpuscular Theory in the Seventeenth Century -- Theory and Experiment in the Early Writings of Johan Baptist Van Helmont -- The Significance of Empirical Evidence for Developments in the Foundations of Decision Theory -- Testing Freudian Hypotheses -- Experiment, Theory Choice, and the Duhem-Quine Problem -- III. The Role of Theoretical Conceptions -- Physical Reality and Closed Theories in Werner Heisenberg’s Early Papers -- Experiment and Theory in Ptolemy’s Optics -- Newton’s and Goethe’s Colour Theories — Contradictory or Complementary Approaches? -- On the Structure of Physics as a Science -- Models and Interpretation in Human Sciences: Anthropology and the Theoretical Notion of Field -- On the Dynamics of Scientific Paradigms -- Breaking the Link between Methodology and Rationality. A plea for Rhetoric in Scientific Inquiry -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This is not "another collection of contributions on a traditional subject." Even more than we dared to expect during the preparatory stages, the papers in this volume prove that our thinking about science has taken a new turn and has reached a new stage. The progressive destruction of the received view has been a fascinating and healthy experience. At present, the period of destruction is over. A richer and more equilibrated analysis of a number of problems is possible and is being cru'ried out. In this sense, this book comes right on time. We owe a lot to the scholars of the Kuhnian period. They not only did away with obstacles, but in several respects instigated a shift in attention that changed history and philosophy of science in a irreversible way. A c1earcut example - we borrow it from the paper by Risto Hilpinen - concerns the study of science as a process, Rnd not only as a result. Moreover, they apparently reached several lasting results, e.g., concerning the tremendous impact of theoretical conceptions on empirical data. Apart from baffling people for several decades, this insight rules out an­ other return to simple-minded empiricism in the future.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISBN: 9789400929579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (239p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 110
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 110
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories -- Limits of a Deductive Construal of the Function of Scientific Theories: A Comment -- Cognitive Limits of Science -- How Philosophy and Science Came to Differ -- The Nature and Scope of Rational-Choice Explanation -- Rational-Choice Explanation — The Limits to Grounding: A Comment -- Realism Versus Anti-Realism: What Is the Issue? -- Epistemic and Semantic Reflections on Scientific Realism: A Comment -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? -- Can a Naturalist Believe in Universals? A Comment -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger -- The Hermeneutical Status of the History of Science: The Views of Hélène Metzger: A Comment -- The Era of Independent Inventors -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847 -- Social Interests and the Organic Physics of 1847: A Comment -- The Earliest Missionaries of the Copenhagen Spirit -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science presents before you its third volume of proceedings. The philosophy section of the volume has three main foci: the scientific explanation (Hempel and Ben-Menachem, Elster and Dascal); realism in science (Cohen and Zemach) and its implications for the problem of universals (Armstrong and Bar-Elli); and the question of demarcation: the dividing line between science and philosophy (KrUger), as well as the cognitive limits of science (Stent). There is no neat separation in this volume between essays on the history of science and those on the sociology of science, and perhaps properly so. Thus, Lenoir's contribution is a clear example of the way the two disciplines combine and interrelate. Joseph Ben-David's comment on this lecture was among the last things he wrote, knowing full well that his days were numbered. Reading his contribution imparts a strong sense of loss, the loss of a great sociologist and a wise man. Not only history, however, but also historiography is a subject for reflection in this volume (Freudenthal and Kerszberg). And, finally, a couple of articles convey the sense of fascination with science as a story (Heilbron, Hughes). We have by now come to expect from the investigations reported in the Israel Colloquium series not surface unity of theme and method, but rather an underlying common commitment and zest for the scientific enterprise at its best. The third volume hopes to join the first two in footing this bill.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400929456
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: 18th- and 19th-century German Philosophy: Epistemology and Metaphysics -- One Science and Critique: The Evolution of the German Perspective from Kant to Marx -- Two Time and Critique: The Temporal Dimensions of the Dialectical Method -- Three Materialism and Critique: The Schelling and Feuerbach Responses to Hegel -- II: Epistemology and Method in Marx’ Later Works -- Four Rethinking Method: Reflective Reconstruction of History -- Five Against Epistemology and Foundationalism: From the Theory of Political Economy to Social Practice -- III: Meta-Critique and Political Economy: Marx’ Legacy -- Six Epistemology and Political Economy: From Philosophy to Social Theory -- Notes.
    Abstract: political economy. With this in mind the reader will be taken through three meta-theoretical levels of Marx' method of analysis of the struc­ tures of capitalism: (1) the clarification of 'critique' and method from Kant's epistemology, Hegel's phenomenology, to Marx' political economy (Chapter One); (2) the analysis of 'critique' and time, that is, the temporal dimensions of the critical method as they evolve from Hegel's Logic to Marx' Capital and the difference between the use of the future in explanatory, positivist science and 'critique' (Chapter Two); (3) and finally, 'critique' and materialism, a study of the complexity of the category of materialism, the ambivalence and ambiguity of its use in Marx' critical method, and the ontological and logical dilemmas created by the Schelling-Feuerbach turn toward materialism in their critique of Hegel (Chapter Three). The critique of political economy is, therefore, examined at the levels of methodology, temporality, and ontology. To what do the categories of political economy really refer when the positivist interpretations of Marx have been shattered and 'critique' be­ comes the method of choice? What kind of knowledge do we have if it is no longer "scientific" in the traditional sense of both epistemology and methodology? And what kind of applicability will it have when its format is such as not to produce predictive, technical knowledge, but practical knowledge in the Greek sense of the word (Praxis)? What be­ comes of the criterion of truth when epistemology itself, like science, is.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Vienna, Warsaw, Copenhagen -- The Cracow Circle -- Austrian Origins of Logical Positivism -- The Approach to Metaphysics in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Ajdukiewicz’s Contribution to the Realism/Idealism Debate -- Towards Universal Grammars Carnap’s and Ajdukiewicz’ Contributions -- Principles of Categorial Grammar in the Light of Current Formalisms -- On ‘Categorial Grammar’ -- Meta-Ethics: Contributions from Vienna and Warsaw -- The Project to Create an Empirical Ethical Theory -- Mereology and Metaphysics: From Boethius of Dacia to Lesniewski -- Definitions in Russell, in the Vienna Circle and in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- ?ukasiewicz, Meinong, and Many-Valued Logic -- ?ukasiewiczian Logic of Tenses and The Problem of Determinism -- Kasimir Twardowski: An Essay on The Borderlines of Ontology, Psychology and Logic -- Some Remarks on the Place of Logical Empiricism in 20th Century Philosophy -- De Veritate: Austro-Polish Contributions to the Theory of Truth from Brentano to Tarski -- The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Vienna Circle.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 363 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Analytic philosophy is alive and in good health, as this collection of twenty, previously unpublished essays most ably demonstrates. The reader will find here assembled some of the finest writings of modern analytic philosophers at the top of their form. Matthews discusses Plato's attempt to deal with the problem of false belief about identities. Parson evaluates Russell's early theory of denoting phrases. Chisholm exhibits the utility of thirteen epistemic categories. Plantinga criticizes Chisholm's account of justification. Conee argues that solving the Gettier Problem is important, and Ginet proposes a solution to it. Lehrer criticizes an argument based on the simplicity of our belief in material objects and other minds. R. Feldman defends an account of having evidence. F. Feldman defends a propositional account of pleasure. Van Fraassen criticizes Garber's solution to the problem of old evidence. Castañeda investigates the nature of negation. McKay argues that de se analyses of belief do not account for belief de re. Richard argues that no Fregean semantics for belief attribution will succeed. Ryckman suggests that the Millian theory of names has little to do with the theory of belief is no threat to God's omniscience. Dunn investigates constraints imposed on non-classical modal logics by extensionality. Fitch argues that singular propositions perform important functions in modal logic. Jubien evaluates arguments for and against possible worlds. Ratzsch argues that there must be a deeper source of nomicality than ordinary subjunctives, and Stalnaker argues that there is room for determinancy of identity and indeterminacy in reference
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 196
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1. The Aim of This Essay -- 2. Kinds of Egoism -- 3. The Plan of This Essay -- 4. Terminology and Conventions -- I Preliminary Matters -- 1. A Short History of Ethical Egoism -- 2. Kinds of Ethical Egoism -- 3. The Interpretation of Strong Egoism -- II The Debate on Ethical Egoism -- 4. Arguments for Ethical Egoism -- 5. Normative and Semantic Objections -- 6. Pragmatic and Other Objections -- III The Assessment of Ethical Egoism -- 7. The Strong Form of Ethical Egoism -- 8. Weak Forms of Egoism -- 9. Ethical Egoism and Rationality -- IV A Last Resort -- 10. Collective Egoism -- Notes -- Index (names and subjects).
    Abstract: 1. The Aim of This Essay Ethical Egoism, the doctrine that, roughly speaking, one should promote one's own good, has been a live issue since the very beginnings of moral philosophy. Historically, it is the most widely held normative theory, and, next to Utilitarianism, it is the most intensely debated one. What is at stake in this debate is a fundamental question of ethics: 'Is there any reason, except self-interest, for considering the interests of other people?' The ethical egoist answers No to this question, thus rejecting the received conception of morality. Is Ethical Egoism an acceptable position? There are many forms of Ethical Egoism, and each may be interpreted in several different ways. So the relevant question is rather, 'Is there an acceptable version of Ethical It is the main aim of this essay to answer this question. This Egoism?' means that I will be confronted with many other controversial questions, for example, 'What is a moral principle?', 'Is value objective or subjec­ tive?', 'What is the nature of the self?' For the acceptability of most ver­ sions of Ethical Egoism, it has been alleged, depends on what answers are given to questions such as these. (I will show that in some of these cases there is in fact no such dependence. ) It is, of course, impossible to ad­ equately discuss all these questions within the compass of my essay.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Some Issues Concerning Relativism and Realism in Science -- Does the Sociology of Science Discredit Science? -- It’s All in the Day’s Work: A Study of the Ethnomethodology of Science -- The Strong Sociology of Knowledge Without Relativism -- Evolutionary Epistemology and Relativism -- Are All Theories Equally Good? A Dialogue -- Realism and Descriptivism -- On a Dogma Concerning Realism and Incommensurability -- Realism in the Social Sciences: Social Kinds and Social Laws -- The Ultimate Argument for Scientific Realism -- Radical Pluralism — An Alternative to Realism, Anti-Realism and Relativism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401733502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 305 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Comparative Literature ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Questions of Method: On Describing the Individual as Exemplary -- 2. The Necessity of Intersubjectivity -- 3. Existence and Essence in Thomas and Husserl -- 4. A Phenomenological Exploration of Popper’s ‘World 3’ -- 5. Dwelling -- 6. Textuality and the Origin of the Work of Art -- 7. On the Occlusion of the Subject: Heidegger and Lacan -- 8. From the Deconstruction of Hermeneutics to the Hermeneutics of Deconstruction -- 9. Communication Science and Merleau-Ponty’s Critique of the Objectivist Illusion -- 10. Merleau-Ponty: The Depth of Memory as the Depth of the World -- 11. Towards an Erotics of Art -- 12. Merleau-Ponty on Silence and the Work of Philosophy -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: lacan. Barthes. Jakobson. Horkheimer. Adorno. Gadamer. Ricoeur. Foucault. Deleuze. Derrida. lyotard. Vattimo. Kofman. and Irigaray are also part of that outer horizon of continental philosophy. The purpose of this volume however is to establish that space within the core of continental philosophy -­ specifically in relation to the work of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty -- and to move out to some of its various horizons. In some cases. these horizons are set by the history of philosophy. in others by newer directions in contemporary philosophy. and in others by alternative modes of philosophizing. The horizons also appear in areas as diverse as epistemology and the philosophy of science. metaphysics. philosophical psychology. and aesthetics. Furthermore. these limits are set by the relationships between philosophy and other disciplines such as psychology. communication theory. and the arts. Nevertheless the volume is organized around each of the three major figures in the phenomenological core of continental philosophy. The twelve essays provide important investigations into current research -- they represent the range and skills of contemporary work in relation to Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty. In themselves however they indicate advances in philosophical research and are hardly simple commentaries on these three figures. Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty constitute texts on the basis of which phenomenology is taken to its limits -- and even beyond.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: One: Foundations of Mathematics -- 1. From the foundations of Protothetic -- 2. Definitions and theses of Le?niewski’s Ontology -- 3. Class theory -- Two: Peano Arithmetic and Whitehead’s Theory of Events -- 4. Primitive terms of arithmetic -- 5. Inductive definitions -- 6. Whitehead’s theory of events -- List of seminars and courses delivered by Le?niewski at Warsaw University between 1919 and 1939.
    Abstract: Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939) was one of the leading Polish logicians and founders of the Warsaw School of Logic whose membership included, beside himself, Jan Lukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, Alfred Tarski, and many others. In his lifetime LeSniewski published only a few hundred pages. He produced many important results in many areas of mathematics; these stood in various relations to each other, and to materials produced by others, and, in time, created more and more editorial problems. Very many were left unpublished at the time of his death. Then in 1944 in the fire of Warsaw the whole of this material was burned and lost -a considerable loss since a great deal of what is important could have been reconstructed from these notes. The present publication aims at presenting unique Lesniewski's materials from alternative sources comprising lecture notes taken during some of Lesniewski's lectures and seminars delivered at the University of Warsaw be­ tween the two world wars. The editors are aware of the limitations of student notes which cannot compensate for the loss of the original materials. However, they are unique in reflecting Lesniewski's ideas as he himself presented them. Already at the time of his death it was realized that these notes would provide a unique access to Lesniewski's own thought as well as a valuable record of some of the activities of the Warsaw School of Logic.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Representation and Covariation -- Individualism and Psychology -- Thoughts and Belief Ascriptions -- The Alleged Evidence for Representationalism -- Narrow Content -- A Farewell to Functionalism -- Metaphysical Arguments for Internalism and Why They Don’t Work -- Dual Aspect Semantics -- Innate Representations -- Reflexive Reflections -- Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology -- Computation, Representation, and Content in Noncognitive Theories of Perception -- Beliefs Out of Control -- Intentionality -- Postscript October, 1987 -- Intentionality Speaks for Itself -- A Narrow Representational Theory of the Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of papers on issues in the theory of mental representation expresses a diversity of recent reflections on the idea that C. D. Broad so aptly characterized in the title of his book Mind and the World Order. An important impetus in the project of organizing this work were the discussions I had with Keith Lehrer while I was a Visiting Scholar in the department of Philosophy at the University of Arizona. His encouragement and friendship were of great value to me and I wish to express my thanks to him here. A word of thanks too for Mike Harnish who casually suggested the title Rerepresentation. I wish to express my thanks to Hans Schuurmans of the Computer Center at Tilburg University for his patient and cheerful assistance in preparing the manuscript. Professor J. Verster of the University of Groningen kindly provided the plates for the Ames Room figures. Thieu Kuys helped not only with the texts but also relieved me of chores so that I could devote more time to meeting deadlines. Barry Mildner had a major role in the text preparation using his skills and initiative in solving what seemed like endless technical problems. My deepest thanks are reserved for Anti Sax whose contribution to the project amount to a co-editorship of this volume. She participated in every phase of its development with valuable suggestions, prepared the indexes, and worked tirelessly to its completion.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica, Publications and Monographs of the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg / Switzerland and the Center for East Europe, Russia and Asia at Boston College and the Seminar for Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich 52
    Series Statement: Sovietica 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One The Human Context -- From ‘Individual’ to ‘Subject’: Marx and Dewey on the Person -- Science, Psychology, and Human Values in the Context of Dewey’s Critique of Marx -- Text, Context, and the Existential Limit: A Jamesian Strain in Marx and Dewey -- Two The Cultural/Political Context -- Politics, Culture and Society in Marx and Dewey -- Dewey’s Understanding of Marx and Marxism -- Philosophy and Politics: A Historical Approach to Marx and Dewey -- The Politics After Deconstruction: Rorty, Dewey, and Marx -- Three The Metaphysical Context -- Marx and Dewey on the Unity of Theory and Practice -- Naturalism, Dialectical Materialism, and an Ontology of Constitutive Relations.
    Abstract: "I should venture to assert that the most pervasive fallacy of philosophic thinking goes back to neglect of context. III John Dewey " . . . philosophers do not grow like mushrooms, out of the earth; they are the outgrowth of their period, their nation, whose most subtle, delicate and invisible juices abound in the philosophical ideas. ,,2 Karl Marx Few issues are more heatedly debated in contemporary philosophy circles than that of con textual ism vs. foundationalism. The genesis for the debate was the publication in 1979 of Richard Rorty's Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, which announ~ed the death of traditional philosophy. By "traditional" here is meant the quest for a certain or apodictic bedrock upon which an overall general theory or schema might be erected. This approach, for Rorty, characterized most previous philosophy, but especially the era from Descartes to Kant. Further, the three major philosophic thinkers of the 20th century, Dewey, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, each initially tried to construct a foundational philosophy but each of the three, in his later work, broke free of the Kantian conception of philosophy as foundational, and spent his time warning us against those very temptations to which he himself had once succumbed. Thus their later work is therapeutic rather than constructive, edifying rather than systematic, designed to make the reader question his own motives for philosophizing rather than to 3 supply him with a new philosophical program.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    ISBN: 9789400927605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 111
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 111
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Husserl und Geschichte -- § 1. Husserl und der Historismus -- § 2. Geschichte und Transzendentalphilosophie. Dilthey und Husserl -- § 3. Husserls geschichtsphilosophischer Anspruch als Problem -- II. Gegenstand Geschichte. Zur Möglichkeit seiner Bestimmung im Ausgang vom „Historischen Apriori“ -- § 4. Historische Erfahrung und ihr Gegenstand. Ein Leitfaden -- § 5. Transzendentale Phänomenologie statt Geschichte? Grundsätzliche Probleme -- § 6. Transzendentale Phänomenologie und Geschichte. Mögliche Perspektiven -- § 7. Phänomenologische Wissenschaftslehre. Von der Regionalontologie zur Konstitutionsproblematik -- § 8. Die Genesis des transzendentalen Bewußtseins als historisches Apriori -- III. Transzendentales und persönliches Ich. Identität und Differenz -- § 9. Reines, transzendentales und persönliches Ich -- § 10. Die geistige Realität der Person -- § 11. Die leibliche Realität der Person -- § 12. Die mundane Realität der Person -- § 13. Die objektivierende Selbstapperzeption. Primordialität und Intersubjektivität -- § 14. Das Rätsel des transzendentalen Scheins der Verdoppelung -- § 15. Persönliches Ich: Individuelle Verschränkung von Autonomie und Umständlichkeit -- IV. Genesis, Geschichtlichkeit und geschichtliche Welt -- § 16. Geschichtlichkeit der Person und persönliche Geschichte -- § 17. Personengemeinschaft und ,höhere Personalität‘ -- § 18. Die Normalität sozialer Gemeinschaften und ihr Korrelat: Heimwelt als bedeutsame Umwelt in Endlichkeit -- § 19. Personale Umwelt als geistige Welt. Kultur, Tradition, Geschichte -- § 20. Tradition oder Geschichte? Zur Kritik an Husserls Geschichtsbegriff -- § 21. Der historische Gegenstand -- V. Bedingungen des historischen Wissens -- § 22. Die Bedingungen der personalistischen Einstellung als Bedingungen der personalen Wissenschaften -- § 23. Einfühlung als transzendentaler Begriff -- § 24. Die mittelbar einfühlende Appräsentation -- § 25. Gibt es eine historische Einfühlung? -- § 26. Historische Vergegenwärtigung: Konstruktion und Fiktion -- VI. Applikation und Aporie -- § 27. Historische Anthropologie und Phänomenologie -- § 28. „Faktum Geschichte“ und die Grenzen phänomenologischer Geschichtsphilosophie -- Namenregister.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400930612
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 201
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Logical, Methodological and Philosophical Aspects of Probability -- Probability: A Composite Concept -- Two Faces and three Masks of Probability -- Ambiguous Uses of Probability -- Some Logical Distinctions Exploited by Differing Analyses of Pascalian Probability -- Probability and Confirmation -- Chance, Cause and the State-Space Approach -- World as System Self-synthesized by Quantum Networking -- A Brief Note on the Relationship between Probability, Selective Strategies and Possible Models -- 2: Probability, Statistics and Information -- Critical Replications for Statistical Design -- The Contribution of A.N. Kolmogorov to the Notion of Entropy -- The Probability of Singular Events -- Probability, Randomness and Information -- 3: Probability in the Natural Sciences -- Probability, Organization and Evolution in Biochemistry -- Relativity and Probability, Classical and Quantal -- Probabilistic Ontology and Space-Time: Updating an Historical Debate -- Probability and the Mystery of Quantum Mechanics -- Probability and Determinism in Quantum Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Probability has become one of the most characteristic con­ cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in­ tellectual life. However it would be difficult to determine an explicit list of 'positive' features, to be proposed as identifica­ tion marks of this way of thinking. One would rather say that it is characterized by certain 'negative' features, i. e. by certain at­ titudes which appear to be the negation of well established tra­ ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, world outlooks and the like. It is because of this opposition to tradition that the probabilistic approach is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in­ tellectual style. As an example one could mention the widespread diffidence in philosophy with respect to self -contained systems claiming to express apodictic truths, instead of which much weaker pretensions are preferred, that express 'probable' interpretations of reality, of history, of man (the hermeneutic trend). An ana­ logous example is represented by the interest devoted to the study of different patterns of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which rely not so much on the truth of the premisses and stringent formal logic links, but on a display of contextual conditions (depending on the audience, and on accepted stan­ dards, judgements, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions more 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: Prologue -- The Semantics of Clocks -- I / Ontological Foundations -- The Pseudorealization Fallacy and the Chinese Room Argument -- In Praise of Narrow Minds: The Frame Problem -- Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding -- Signs and Minds: An Introduction to the Theory of Semiotic Systems -- Logic for the New AI -- II / Epistemological Dimensions -- Artificial Intelligence is Philosophy -- Artificial Intelligence as an Experimental Science -- Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog -- When is Reasoning Nonmonotonic? -- Artificial Intelligence and Effective Epistemology -- Maintaining an Inductive Database -- Epilogue -- Automating Creativity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subject.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume illustrates the approach represented by this series. It addresses fundamental questions lying at the heart of artificial intelligence, including those of the relative virtues of computational and of non-computational conceptions of language and of mind, whether AI should be envisioned as a philosophical or as a scientific discipline, the theoretical character of patterns of inference and modes of argumenta­ tion (especially, defeasible and inductive reasoning), and the relations that may obtain between AI and epistemology. Alternative positions are developed in detail and subjected to vigorous debate in the justifiable expectation that - here as elsewhere - critical inquiry provides the most promising path to discovering the truth about ourselves and the world around us. lH.F.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    ISBN: 9789400914155
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One Prologue: Newton and Leibniz -- 1.1. Newton on Space, Time and Metaphysics -- 1.2. Leibniz: The Ideal and the Real -- Two Kant’s Theory of Space and Time -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Concepts and Definitions -- 2.3. Kant’s Anti-logicist programme -- 2.4. Transcendental Aesthetic -- 2.5. Construction and Schematism -- 2.6. Spaces and Geometries -- 2.7. Incongruent Counterparts & the Intuitive Nature of Space -- 2.8. Infinity: Reason and Experience -- 2.9. Transcendental Idealism -- Three Acts, Intuitions and Constructions -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Concepts, Intuitions and the Schematism -- 3.3. Kant’s Constructivism -- 3.4. Incongruity and Constructions -- 3.5. Indirect Proof -- Notes -- Notes on Further Reading.
    Abstract: Many students coming to grips with Kant's philosophy are understandably daunted not only by the complexity and sheer difficulty of the man's writings, but almost equally by the amount of secondary literature available. A great deal of this seems to be - and not only on first reading - just about as difficult as the work it is meant to make more accessible. Any writer deliberately setting out to provide an authentically introductory text thus faces a double problem: how to provide an exegesis which would capture some of the spirit of the original, without gross and misleading over-simplification; and secondly, how to anchor the argument in the best and most imaginative secondary literature, yet avoid the whole project appearing so fragmented as to make the average book of chess openings seem positively austere. Until fairly recently, matters were made even more difficul t, in that commentaries on Kant were very often of a whole work, say, The Critique of Pure Reason, with the result that students would have to struggle through a very great deal of material indeed in order to feel any confidence at all that they had begun to understand the original writings. Recently, things have changed somewhat. There are now excellent commentaries on "Kant's Analytic", "Kant's Analogies" etc. . We have also seen, (at least as reflected in book titles), a resurgence of interest in what is perhaps the most controversial and far-reaching Kantian claim, viz.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400913974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Medicine -- 2. Philosophy -- 3. The book -- Acknowledgements -- II. Cultural Infusions in the Philosophy of Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An American ontology -- 3. The case of anthropological medicine -- 4. Getting the record straight -- 5. Conclusions -- III. Regular Versus Alternative Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How not to think about science and philosophy -- 3. What is special about science -- 4. Interlude: how to proceed? -- 5. The scientific status of homeopathy -- 6. Psychic or spiritual healing -- 7. Discussion -- IV. Concepts of Health and Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Health and disease in a biological perspective -- 3. The philosophy of normativism -- 4. Towards a new research program -- 5. The interplay of science, common sense and philosophy -- 6. Afterthoughts -- V. Mind and Body in Science and Philosophy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The philosophical agenda -- 3. The mental and the physical: five philosophical views -- 4. A science of the mental? -- 5. The primacy of human existence: phenomenology -- 6. Things which don’t fit -- 7. Discussion -- VI. Mind and Body in Medicine -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The mental suppressed: biological psychiatry -- 3. Will psychology help? -- 4. The psychosomatic connection -- 5. The limits of integration -- 6. The philosophical turn -- 7. Conclusions -- VII. Theses -- References.
    Abstract: 1. MEDICINE Illness, disease and disability plague man in every culture. But the form they take is not the same everywhere. Neither is man's reaction. Coping strategies, and the experience and knowledge backing them, depend very much on cultural setting. So medicine, the fabric of strategy and know­ ledge, can only be understood in the context of culture. In western society today, severe judgements are passed on medicine. Its store of knowledge and experience, and its repertory of strategies, have grown immensely during the last few decades. But it hardly alleviates dominant ailments, especially chronic diseases, diseases of old age and disturbances of social and mental functioning. We know that these ailments have come to the fore as the incidence of more "primitive" diseases declined in industrial societies. Infant deaths, and malnutrition and infections striking at young age, have dwindled to marginal significance in Western Europe and life expectancy at birth is twice that of some 150 years ago. Thus our new troubles are connected with past successes.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400928213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- Solution of the Staccato Version of the Achilles Paradox -- Pacifism: Is Its Moral Foundation Possible or Needed ? -- The Role of General Terms in Singling Out the Referent of a Demonstrative -- Philosophy and Pain Research -- A Defence of Rights-Duties Correlativism -- Scientific Discovery: Is It a Legitimate Subject for the Philosopher of Science ? -- Hegel and Logic -- Temporal Modalities and Modal Tense Operators -- Causal Propositions and Essential Properties -- Internalism and Intentionality -- Scientific Persuasion -- Is the Evil Daemon a Sceptical Device ? -- Why Wont Syntactic Naturalization of Belief do? -- An Argument Against Theism -- A Relativistic Criticism of Realism -- Deliberation, Practical Wisdom and the Self in the Nicomachean Ethics -- A Select Bibliography of Yugoslav Analytic Philosophy.
    Abstract: The aim of this collection is to present the work of Yugoslav philosophers who approach philosophy in a analytic manner. I have sought contributions from all philosophers of whom I knew to be working in this tradition. Not all sent their contributions; but I should say that the majority did. As a consequence of so wide an appeal, the papers published here exhibit not only a variety of topics but also differences in quality. This, I think, is to be expected given that the aim is to present the work of a group of philosophers who share only a poorly defined and general approach to philosophy. Of many people who have helped me bring out this collection, I can mention only a few. Jovan Babic gave me, as usual, sound advice and helped me to establish and maintain contact with the contributors in Yugoslavia. Milos Arsenijevic rounded up the recalcitrant contributors and constantly recruited new ones. And Svetlana Knjazev encouraged me - perhaps unwittingly - to persevere by her yarns of the old times in which there was no analytic philosophy in Yugoslavia. And Down Under, Steve Glaister checked the English, Nancy Simmons patiently typed the manuscripts into a rather temperamental word-processor, Mitjana Djukic proof-read them and Dean Davidson of the Macquarie University Computing Centre helped us to get them printed. To all of them many thanks.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400929050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1: Knowledge and Certainty -- 1. Three Conditions of Certainty -- 2. Modal Accounts of Certainty -- 3. The Infallibilist’s View of Certainty -- 4. Direct Knowledge and Infallibility -- 2: Certainty and Fallibilism -- 1. Possible Mistakes About Necessity -- 2. Incorrigibility of the Cogito -- 3. Certainty and the Cogito -- 3: Certainty and Sensations -- 1. The Fallibilist Argument -- 2. Standard Objections -- 3. Are Basic Propositions Incorrigible? -- 4: The Nature of Justification -- 1. Theories of Justification -- 2. Abilities and Reasons -- 3. Proof and Justification -- 4. The Nature of Justification -- 5. Alternative Explanations -- 6. Social-Aspect Cases -- 5: Justification and the Gettier Problem -- 1. The Gettier Problem -- 2. Causal and Defeasibility Theories -- 3. Evidence and Truth -- 4. Some Counterexamples -- 6: Perceptual Knowledge and Physical Objects -- 1. Perception and the Given -- 2. Recognition and Perceptual Knowledge -- 3. Further Restrictions -- 4. Inferential and Non-Inferential -- 5. Abilities and Justified Belief -- 6. Direct Perception of Physical Objects -- 7: Foundations and Coherence -- 1. Experience and the Coherence Theory -- 2. The Nature of Coherence -- 3. Circularity and Coherence -- 4. Reliability and Coherence -- 8: Skepticism and Rationality -- 1. Knowledge and Certainty -- 2. Dire-Possibility Arguments -- 3. The Problem of the Criterion -- 4. Internalism vs. Externalism -- 5. Rationality and Justification -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is convenient to divide the theory of knowledge into three sets of problems: 1. the nature of knowledge, certainty and related notions, 2. the nature and validi­ ty of the sources of knowledge, and 3. answers to skeptical arguments. The first set includes questions such as: What is it to know that something is the case? Does knowledge imply certainty? If not, how do they differ? What are the con­ ditions of knowledge? What is it to be justified in accepting something? The sec­ ond deals with the ways in which knowledge can be acquired. Traditional sources have included sources of premisses such as perception, memory, in­ trospection, innateness, revelation, testimony, and methods for drawing conclu­ sions such as induction and deduction, among others. Under this heading, philosophers have asked: Does innateness provide knowledge? Under what con­ ditions are beliefs from perception, testimony and memory justified? When does induction yield justified belief? Can induction itself be justified? Debates in this area have sometimes led philosophers to question sources (e. g. , revela­ tion, innateness) but usually the aim has been to clarify and increase our understanding of the notion of knowledge. The third class includes the peren­ nial puzzles taught to beginning students: the existence of other minds, the problem of the external world (along with questions about idealism and phenomenalism), and more general skeptical problems such as the problem of the criterion. These sets of questions are related.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400928411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 443 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Inaugural Address -- “Poetics at the Creative Crucibles” Offering New Guidelines for Literary Interpretation -- I Plurivocal Poiesis of the Airy Elements -- Empedocles: The Phenomenology of the Four Elements in Literature -- Fire in Goethe’s Work: Neptunism and Volcanism -- The Tempestuous Conflict of the Elements in Baroque Poetry and Painting -- Fire Transfigured in T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets -- Fire and Snow: The Dichotomies and Dichomachies of Polish Baroque Poetry -- II The Metamorphic Poiesis of Air -- Temporality Puts on Airs: Process, Purpose, and Poetry in Shakespeare’s Histories -- Filles de l’air -- Concretizations of the Aeolian Metaphor -- III The Aesthetic Forces of the Airy Elements -- Le thème de l’air dans la poésie de Paul-Marie Lapointe -- “L’Etre contre le vent”: Aspects du vent dans la poésie de Paul Valéry -- “Le Ciel est mort”: Mallarmé and a Metaphysics of (Im)Possibility -- IV The Elemental Fire and the Poetic Transfiguration of Reality -- Man against Fire: Alfred Döblin’s Utopian Novel Mountains, Oceans and Giants -- “This Hard Gemlike Flame”: Walter Pater and the Aesthetic Accommodation of Fire -- Thoreau’s Waiden: The Pro-vocation of Fire -- Flannery O’Connor: The Flames of Heaven and Hell -- V Fire, the Poetry of Elemental Passion -- From Fire to Fireworks in Baroque Poetry -- “Falling Fire”: The Negativity of Knowledge in the Poetry of William Blake -- The Poetics of Fire in Jean Giono’s Le Chant du Monde -- VI The Elemental Expanse -- Ruskin’s Queen of the Air -- Breathless Messages: Phenomenology in Deep Space -- A Poetics of Space: William Bronk’s Unhousing of the Universe -- Jean Giono’s Le Chant du monde: The Harmony of the Elements -- VII The Significance of Literature and Related Topics -- The Significance of Literature According to Contemporary Writers -- The “Literature in Life” Philosophy vs. Reality: The Role of the River in Beppe Fenoglio’s Il partigiano Johnny -- “The Origin of the Work of Art”: Truth in Existence and the Scholastic Tradition -- The Ontology of Language in a Post-Structuralist Feminist Perspective: Explosive Discourse in Monique Wittig -- Être-dans-un-monde-littéraire -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400929975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Gerd Buchdahl: Biographical and Bibliographical -- Gerd Buchdahl: A Tribute -- Nature and Science in the Renaissance -- Galileo and the Jesuits -- Descartes and the Rosicrucian Enlightenment -- Descartes’ Conception of Inference -- The Demarcation between Metaphysics and Other Disciplines in the Thought of Leibniz -- Leibniz and Occasionalism -- Vico’s Heroic Metaphor -- Dynamics and Intelligibility: Bernoulli and MacLaurin -- Sensible and Intelligible Worlds in Leibniz and Kant -- Transcendental Reasoning and the Indeterminacy of the Human Point of View -- Buchdahl and Rorty on Kant and the History of Philosophy -- The Early Reception of Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- The Enlightenment and the Chemical Revolution -- The Significance of Schelling’s “Epoch of a Wholly New Natural History”: An Essay on the Realization of Questions -- Notes on the Contributors.
    Abstract: The essays in this collection have been written for Gerd Buchdahl, by colleagues, students and friends, and are self-standing pieces of original research which have as their main concern the metaphysics and philosophy of science of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They focus on issues about the development of philosophical and scientific thought which are raised by or in the work of such as Bernoulli, Descartes, Galileo, Kant, Leibniz, Maclaurin, Priestly, Schelling, Vico. Apart from the initial bio-bibliographical piece and those by Robert Butts and Michael Power, they do not discuss Buchdahl or his ideas in any systematic, lengthy, or detailed way. But they are collected under a title which alludes to the book, Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science: The Classical Origins, Descartes to Kant (1969), which is central in the corpus of his work, and deal with the period and some of the topics with which that book deals.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400926479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Essay 1. Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible? -- Essay 2. Reasoning About Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of Epistemic Logic -- Essay 3. Are There Nonexistent Objects? Why Not? But Where Are They? -- Essay 4. On Sense, Reference, and the Objects of Knowledge -- Essay 5. Impossible Possible Worlds Vindicated -- Essay 6. Towards a General Theory of Individuation and Identification -- Essay 7. On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Montague Semantics -- Essay 8. The Cartesian cogito, Epistemic Logic and Neuroscience: Some Surprising Interrelations -- Essay 9. Quine on Who’s Who -- Essay 10. How Can Language Be Sexist? -- Essay 11. On Denoting What? -- Essay 12. Degrees and Dimensions of Intentionality -- Essay 13. Situations, Possible Worlds and Attitudes -- Essay 14. Questioning as a Philosophical Method -- Erratum -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401578110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 428 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 197
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: I / Conceptual and Categorical Theories of Analogical Understanding -- Categories and Analogies -- Some Constraints on Embodied Analogical Understanding -- Metaphorical Style as Message -- II / Computational and Cognitive Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Analogy — From a Unified Perspective -- Dimensions of Analogy -- Analogical Transfer: Processes and Individual Differences -- Abstraction-Based Analogical Inference -- Viewing Metaphor as Analogy -- Combining Analogies in Mental Models -- Arguing by Analogy in Law: A Case-Based Model -- III / Logical and Probabilistic Theories of Analogical Reasoning -- Determination, Uniformity, and Relevance: Normative Criteria for Generalization and Reasoning by Analogy -- Analogy by Similarity -- Analogy and Similarity in Scientific Reasoning -- Inductive Analogy by Similarity and Proximity -- IV / Analogy and Information Processing: Perspectives of the Philosophy of Science -- Theories, Family Resemblances and Analogy -- Hypothesis Formation Using Part-Whole Interrelations -- Analogical Information Processing within Scientific Metaphors -- Analogies Hard and Soft -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta­ phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub­ lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401569422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 473 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: 0. Introduction -- 1. Basic Concepts -- 2. Deductive Bases and Interpretations -- 3. Logical Matrices -- 4. Tabular Semantics -- 5. Referential Semantics -- 6. Propositional vs. Predicate Logics -- References -- Index of subjects -- Index of names -- Index of symbols.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 180
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Gene-Culture Coevolution: Humankind in the Making -- I. Sociobiological Conceptions -- Sociobiology and the Information Metaphor -- Phenotypic Plasticity, Cultural Transmission, and Human Sociobiology -- Sociobiology and Human Culture -- Evolutionary Biology, Human Nature, and Knowledge -- Love and Morality: The Possibility of Altruism -- II. Epistemological Reflections -- Biological Reductionism and Genic Selectionism -- Adaptationalist Imperatives and Panglossian Paradigms -- Methodological Behaviorism, Evolution, and Game Theory -- Sociobiological Explanation and the Testability of Sociobiological Theory -- Science and Sociobiology -- Epilogue -- Evolutionary Epistemology: Can Sociobiology Help? -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers presented in this special collection focus upon conceptual, the­ oretical and epistemological aspects of sociobiology, an emerging discipline that deals with the extent to which genetic factors influence or control patterns of behavior as well as the extent to which patterns of behavior, in turn, influence or control genetic evolution. The Prologue advances a compre­ hensive acco/unt of the field of gene-culture co-evolution, where Lumsden and Gushurst differentiate between "classical" sociobiology (represented especially by Wilson's early work) and current research on human socio­ biology (represented by Lumsden and Wilson's later work), which emphasizes interplay between genes, minds, and culture. The specter of genetic deter­ minism, no doubt, has created considerable controversy, some of which may be laid to rest by Hanna's analysis of the (ambiguous) notion of a "genetic program", which indicates the necessity for distinguishing between descriptive and prescriptive dimensions of this complex concept. Brandon offers a framework for assessing the respective contributions of nature and of nurture by advancing a means for measuring genetic and cultural influences upon "inheritance", which supports the conclusion that evolving patterns of behavior do not always maximize inclusive fitness, contrary to what socio­ biologists have claimed. The influence of culture upon genetic evolution, of course, can be adequately appraised only when a suitable account of culture itself has been found, a desideratum Smillie attempts to satisfy by utilizing the notion of "cinfo" as culturally transmitted ecological informa­ tion, a resource other species tend not to exploit.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401099363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Historical Context -- 1. From Phenomenology to Pope John XXIII -- 2. From Humanae Salutis to the Opening of the Council -- 3. The Developing Consciousness of the Bishops in Council -- 4. The Influence of Pacem in Terris -- II Ambiguities, Technicalities and Adjustments -- 5. The Ambiguities: Integralism, Pluralism and Communication -- 6. Phenomenology in the Context of Vatican II -- 7. The Dynamics of an Adjusting Ecclesial Consciousness -- III The Final Achievement -- 8. The New Ecclesial Hermeneutics -- 9. The Church in the Modern World -- 10. The Vertical Dimension of the New Ecclesial Hermeneutics -- Epilogue: The Moral Challenge of the New Global Task -- Technical Excursus (I–IX).
    Abstract: The thesis of this essay may be stated quite briefly: Vatican II is a demonstration­ model of the phenomenological method employed on an international scale. It exemplifies the final developmental stage, postulated by Husserl, of an inter­ subjective phenomenology which would take its point of departure, not from individual subjectivity, but from transcendental intersubjectivity. Vatican II, accordingly, offers a unique application of a universal transcendental philosophy in the field of religious reflection for the practical purposes of moral and socio­ cultural renewal. Phenomenology, as a distinctively European development, is relatively un­ known in America - at least in its pure form. Our contact with this style of 1 intuitive reflection is usually filtered through psychology or sociology. How­ ever, Edmund Husserl, The Father of Phenomenology, was originally trained in mathematics, and he entered the field of philosophy because he recognized 2 that the theoretical foundations of modern science were disintegrating. He foresaw that, unless this situation were rectified, modern men would eventually slip into an attitude of absolute scepticism, relativism, and pragmatism. After the First World War he saw this theoretical problem mirrored more and more in the social turbulence of Europe, and his thoughts turned to the need for a 3 renewal at all levels of life. In 1937 when Nazism was triumphant in Germany, and Europe on the brink of World War II, he wrote his last major work, The 4 Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Philosophy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The three domains of creativity -- Creativity in science -- Every horse has a mouth: a personal poetics -- Criteria of creativity -- The creative imagination -- The rationality of creativity -- Creative product and creative process in science and art -- Creativity as learning process -- Creating and becoming -- On the dialectical phenomenology of creativity -- Name index.
    Abstract: This third volume of American University Publications in Philos­ ophy continues the tradition of presenting books in the series shaping current frontiers and new directions in phi. osophical reflection. In a period emerging from the neglect of creativity by positivism, Professors Dutton and Krausz and their eminent colleagues included in the collection challenge modern philosophy to explore the concept of creativity in both scientific inquiry and artistic production. In view of the fact that Professor Krausz served at one time as Visiting Professor of Philosophy at The American University we are especially pleased to include this volume in the series. HAROLD A. DURFEE, for the editors of American University Publications in Philosophy EDITORS' PREFACE While the literature on the psychology of creativity is substantial, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the subject by philos­ ophers in recent years. This fact is no doubt owed in 'part to the legacy of positivism, whose tenets have included a sharp distinction between what Hans Reichenbach called the context of discovery and the context of justification. Philosophy in this view must address itself to the logic of justifying hypotheses; little of philo­ sophical importance can be said about the more creative business of discovering them. That, positivism has held, is no more than a merely psychological question: since there is no logic of discovery or creation, there can be no philosophical reconstruction of it.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    ISBN: 9789400952850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 45
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I / Ethical Universalizability: A Variety of Theses -- The How and Why of Universalizability -- II / Universalizability and Ethical Consistency -- Universalizability and the Generalization Principle -- The Universalizability Dilemma -- Universalizability and the Commitment to Impartiality -- Reflections on a Passage in Mill’s Utilitarianism -- Reason, Impartiality and Utilitarianism -- Abortion and the Civil Rights of Machines -- III / Kantian Universalizability -- Consistency in Action -- Kantian Universalizability and the Objectivity of Moral Judgments -- IV / Consequentialist Universalizability -- Utilitarianism, Universalization, Heteronomy and Necessity -- The Deontic Structure of the Generalization Argument -- Moral Reasons and the Generalization Test in Ethics -- Select Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the past 25 years or so, the issue of ethical universalizability has figured prominently in theoretical as well as practical ethics. The term, 'universaliz­ ability' used in connection with ethical considerations, was apparently first introduced in the mid-1950s by R. M. Hare to refer to what he characterized as a logical thesis about certain sorts of evaluative sentences (Hare, 1955). The term has since been used to cover a broad variety of ethical considerations including those associated with the ideas of impartiality, consistency, justice, equality, and reversibility as well as those raised in the familar questions: 'What if everyone did that?' and 'How would you like it if someone did that to you? But this recent effloresence of the use of the term 'universalizability' is something that has deep historical roots, and has been central in various forms to the thinking about morality of some of the greatest and most influential philosophers in the western tradition. While the term is relatively new, the ideas it is now used to express have a long history. Most of these ideas and questions have been or can be formulated into a principle to be discussed, criticized, or defended. As we discuss these ideas below this prin­ ciple will be stated on a separate numbered line. The concepts of justice and equality were closely linked in Greek thought. These connections between these two concepts are apparent even in two authors who were hostile to the connection, Plato and Aristotle.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Hartshorne’s Approach -- 1. The Religious Term “God” -- 2. Hartshorne’s Method -- II Hartshorne’s Concept of God -- 3. God’s Reality -- 4. God’s Knowledge -- 5. God’s Power -- 6. God’s Goodness -- Concluding Remarks -- Postscript -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: One of the controversial issQes which have recently come into prominence among philosophers and theologians is how one should understand the term l God. It seems that, despite the fact that a certain idea of God is assumed by not most, people, there is a degree of disagreement over the meaning many, if of the term. "God" is generally taken to refer to a supreme Being, the Creator, who is perfect and self-existent, holy, personal and loving. This understanding of "God" corresponds to what many have either been brought up to believe in or have come to accept as the meaning of this word. Neverthe­ less, theists appear to be defending a particular idea of God and to be accusing atheists of attacking another, one which does not tie in with the theistic interpretation. Cardinal Maximos IV, for instance, is quoted as saying, "The God the atheists don't believe in is a God I don't believe in either. "2 On the other hand, atheists have been challenging believers to explain clearly what they mean by "God" because these critics cannot see how that idea can have any acceptable meaning. Furthermore, theists them­ selves seem to be divided over the issue. H. P. Owen in his book Concepts of Deity shows quite convincingly that there is "a bewildering variety of concepts of God" among theists. ' One has only to ask around for confirma­ tion of this observation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    ISBN: 9789400954304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 28
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; System theory. ; Physical chemistry. ; Mathematical physics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Paradoxes -- 2.1 Early Studies of Heat and Attempts to Formulate Equations of Heat Flow -- 2.2 Thompson’s 1852 Statement on Irreversibility -- 2.3 Dissipative Processes and Irreversible Processes Not Yet Distinguished -- 2.4 Statistical Notions Enter Kinetic Theory -- 2.5 Boltzmann Tries to Reduce the Second Law to Mechanics -- 2.6 The “H” Theorem and Loschmidt’s Reversibility Paradox -- 2.7 The Reversibility Paradox Rediscovered -- 2.8 Boltzmann’s Philosophy of Science -- 2.9 The Boltzmann-Planck Debate -- 2.10 Ehrenfests and the Problem of Irreversibility -- 3. The Applications -- 3.1 Transport Rates Determined by Mean Free Paths -- 3.2 Transport Rates Determined by the Boltzmann Equation -- 4. Return to the Paradoxes -- 4.1 The Loss of Information -- 4.2 Microscopic Reversibility -- 4.3 The Role of Recent Equilibrium -- 4.4 Molecular Chaos and the BBGKY Theory -- 4.5 Later Developments -- 5. Various Kinds of Irreversibility -- 5.1 Inertial Irreversibility -- 5.2 Temporal Irreversibility -- 5.3 Exclusion Irreversibility -- 5.4 Mixing the Criteria: Thermodynamic Irreversibility -- 5.5 Mixing the Criteria: Paradoxical Irreversibility -- 5.6 Refinements: de Facto and Nomological Irreversibility -- 5.7 Statistical Irreversibility: Necessarily de Facto -- 6. Proposed Origins of Irreversibility -- 6.1 Probabilistic Origins -- 6.2 Mechanical Origins -- 7. The Origin of Exclusion Irreversibility -- 7.1 The Simplest Newtonian Models -- 7.2 The Role of Time Scales -- 7.3 Exclusion and Dissipation -- 7.4 The Principle of Recent Equilibrium -- 7.5 A Reflection -- 8. Irreversibility in Fluid Dynamics -- 8.1 The Fluid Concept -- 8.2 Fluid Processes -- 8.3 Fluid Equations -- 8.4 Fundamental Equations of Change -- 8.5 Stochastic Equations of Change -- 8.6 Simple Equations of Flux -- 8.7 Complex Equations of Flux -- 8.8 Equations of Equilibrium -- 9. Irreversibility in Statistical Mechanics -- 9.1 The Method of Statistical Mechanics -- 9.2 Generalization to Systems of Interacting Particles -- 9.3 Generalization to a Continuum of States -- 9.4 The Liouville Theorem -- 9.5 Joining Statistics and Mechanics: The One-Particle Approximation -- 9.6 Complex Equations of Flux in the One-Particle Approximation -- 9.7 The Two-Particle Approximation -- 9.8 Higher Approximations -- 10. Irreversibility in Quantum statistical Mechanics -- 10.1 The Schrödinger Equation -- 10.2 The One-Particle Approximation -- 10.3 The Two-Particle Approximation -- 10.4 The Chemical Approximation -- 11. On Alternative Approaches -- Appendix - Some Reflections on Time and Temporality -- Notes -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: A dominant feature of our ordinary experience of the world is a sense of irreversible change: things lose form, people grow old, energy dissipates. On the other hand, a major conceptual scheme we use to describe the natural world, molecular dynamics, has reversibility at its core. The need to harmonize conceptual schemes and experience leads to several questions, one of which is the focus of this book. How does irreversibility at the macroscopic level emerge from the reversibility that prevails at the molecular level? Attempts to explain the emergence have emphasized probability, and assigned different probabilities to the forward and reversed directions of processes so that one direction is far more probable than the other. The conclu­ sion is promising, but the reasons for it have been obscure. In many cases the aim has been to find an explana­ tion in the nature of probability itself. Reactions to that have been divided: some think the aim is justified while others think it is absurd.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 315 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Hendricks, John L. Theology and Bioethics: Exploring the Foundations and Frontiers. Earl E. Shelp 1989
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I: Theology, Science, and Bioethics -- Religion and the Renaissance of Medical Ethics in the United States: 1965–1975 -- Theology and Science: Their Difference as a Source of Interaction in Ethics -- Scientific and Religious Aspects of Bioethics -- Hartshorne, Theology, and the Nameless God -- The Potential of Theology for Ethics -- The Role of Theology in Bioethics -- Looking for God and Finding the Abyss: Bioethics and Natural Theology -- Section II: Foundations and Frontiers in Religious Bioethics -- Theology and Bioethics: Christian Foundations -- Theological Frontiers: Implications for Bioethics -- Contextuality and Convenant: The Pertinence of Social Theory and Theology to Bioethics -- Feminist Theology and Bioethics -- Doing Ethics in a Plural World -- Section III: Religious Reasoning about Bioethics and Medical Practice -- Salvation and Health: Why Medicine Needs the Church -- Love and Justice in Christian Biomedical Ethics -- Contemporary Jewish Bioethics: A Critical Assessment -- Medical Loyalty: Dimensions and Problems of a Rich Idea -- Responsibility for Life: Bioethics in Theological Perspective -- Epilogue: Does Theology Make a Contribution to Bioethics? -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: We who live in this post-modern late twentieth century culture are still children of dualism. For a variety of rather complex reasons we continue to split apart and treat as radical opposites body and spirit, medicine and religion, sacred and secular, private and public, love and justice, men and women. Though this is still our strong tendency, we are beginning to­ discover both the futility and the harm of such dualistic splitting. Peoples of many ancient cultures might smile at the belatedness of our discovery concerning the commonalities of medicine and religion. A cur­ sory glance back at ancient Egypt, Samaria, Babylonia, Persia, Greece, and Rome would disclose a common thread - the close union of religion and medicine. Both were centrally concerned with healing, health, and wholeness. The person was understood as a unity of body, mind, and spirit. The priest and the physician frequently were combined in the same individual. One of the important contributions of this significant volume of essays is the sustained attack upon dualism. From a variety of vantage points, virtually all of the authors unmask the varied manifestations of dualism in religion and medicine, urging a more holistic approach. Since the editor has provided an excellent summary of each article, I shall not attempt to comment on specific contributions. Rather , I wish to highlight three 1 broad themes which I find notable for theological ethics.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400953499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 89
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 89
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I: Self and Society -- Love, Friendship, and Utility: On Practical Reason and Reductionism -- The “Internal Politics” of Biology and the Justification of Biological Theories -- Two Motivations for Rationalism: Descartes and Spinoza -- The Invention of Split Personalities -- Positivism, Sociology, and Practical Reasoning: Notes on Durkheim’s Suicide -- II: Interpreting the Tradition -- Adequate Causes and Natural Change in Descartes’ Philosophy -- Heidegger and the Scandal of Philosophy -- Spinoza and the Ontological Proof -- Tracking Aristotle’s Noûs -- III: Science and Explanation -- Two Kinds of Teleological Explanation -- Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity -- Anthropocentrism Reconsidered -- Location and Existence -- Forms of Aggregativity -- IV: Rencontre -- Descartes and Merleau-Ponty on the Cogito as the Foundation of Philosophy -- The Worst Excess of Cartesian Dualism -- Genius, Scientific Method, and the Stability of Synthetic A Priori Principles -- Should Hume Be Answered or Bypassed? -- V: Reflections -- In and On Friendship -- The Professional Activities of Marjorie Grene -- The Publications of Marjorie Grene -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Everybody knows Marjorie Grene. In part, this is because she is a presence: her vividness, her energy, her acute intelligence, her critical edge, her quick humor, her love of talking, her passion for philosophy - all combine to make her inevitable. Marjorie Grene cannot be missed or overlooked or undervalued. She is there - Dasein personified. It is an honor to present a Festschrift to her. It honors philosophy to honor her. Professor Grene has shaped American philosophy in her distinc­ tive way (or, we should say, in distinctive ways). She was among the first to introduce Heidegger's thought ... critically ... to the American and English philosophical community, first in her early essay in the Journal of Philosophy (1938), and then in her book Heidegger (1957). She has written as well on Jaspers and Marcel, as in the Kenyon Review (1957). Grene's book Dreadful Freedom (1948) was one of the most important and influential introductions to Existentialism, and her works on Sartre have been among the most profound and insightful studies of his philosophy from the earliest to the later writings: her book Sartre (1973), and her papers 'L'Homme est une passion inutile: Sartre and Heideg­ ger' in the Kenyon Review (1947), 'Sartre's Theory of the Emo­ tions' in Yale French Studies (1948), 'Sartre: A Philosophical Study' in Mind (1969), 'The Aesthetic Dialogue of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty' in the initial volume of the Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology (1970), 'On First Reading L'Idiot de.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400953949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: I: N?ge?a’s Interpretation of the BP -- 1. The Structure of N?ge?a’s discussion -- 2. The Meanings of A?ga -- 3. The Justifications of the Paribh??? -- 4. Restrictions on the Use of the BP -- 5. The Two-Word Principle -- 6. Summary and Illustrations -- II: More from the P? on PAR. L -- 7. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (I) -- 8. Some Difficult Passages in the Discussion of Par. L (II) -- 9. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a and ?e??drisudh? -- 10. An Apparent Contradiction Resolved -- 11. Excursus: On the Development of Certain of N?ge?a’s Ideas Regarding the Philosophy of Grammar -- 12. A Use of BP2 in the Context of BP1 -- III: The Remainder of the P? -- 13. Par. LI -- 14. Further Passages from the P? -- IV: What Went Wrong? -- 15. Vaidyan?tha P?yagu??a on Par. L -- 16. Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- I. The Original Text of the Paribh??endu?ekhara on Par. L -- III. On the Relative Chronology of N?ge?a’s Grammatical Works -- IV. Changes in N?ge?a’s Opinions Regarding the BP and the NP -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book was written as a doctoral thesis. It was submitted to and accepted by the University of Poona in 1979. Several people contributed to the creation of this book, in various ways. Prof. S. D. Joshi, my supervisor, introduced me to the study of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition. His unfailing skepticism towards and disagreement with the ideas worked out in this book contributed more to their development than he may have been aware. Prof. Paul Kiparsky gave encouragement when this was badly needed. In the years following 1979 Dr. Dominik Wujastyk was kind enough to read the manuscript and suggest improvements in language and style. To all of these lowe a debt of gratitude, but most of all lowe such a debt to Pandit Shivarama Krishna Shastri. In the course of several years he read with me many portions of Nagesa's grammatical and other works, and much besides. His ability to understand difficult grammatical and philosophical texts in Sanskrit was unequalled, and without his help it would have taken far longer to write this book and indeed might very well have proved impossible. Shivarama Krishna Shastri never saw the result of our reading; he died before this book could appear in print. I dedicate it to his memory. J. BRONKHORST Xl INTRODUCTION In the following pages an attempt will be made to establish that the part of Nagesa's Paribha$endusekhara (PS) which deals with Par.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401097383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 97
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 97
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I: Attitude and Horizon -- II: Reality and Practicability -- III: Work and Labour -- IV: Diversification of Action: History and Technology -- V: Playing -- VI: Political Activity -- VII: Moral Activity -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Royal Institute of Philosophy Conferences 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The End of Metaphysics: Philosophy’s Supreme Fiction? -- ‘The End of Metaphysics’ and the Historiography of Philosophy -- The End of Metaphysics: A Comment -- Reply to Ayers and Manser -- Epistemology without Foundations -- Philosophy after Rorty -- Comment on Rorty -- ‘Heterodox’, ‘Xenodox’, and Hermeneutic Dialogue -- Reply to Mary Hesse -- Occultism and Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century -- Occultism and Reason -- Reply to Simon Schaffer -- First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes -- Cartesian Science in France, 1660–1700 -- Caricatures in the History of Philosophy: The Case of Spinoza -- Leibniz’s Break with Cartesian ‘Rationalism’ -- Lockean Mechanism -- Lockean Mechanism: A Comment -- Hume and the “Metaphysical Argument A Priori” -- The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Hume’s Theory of the Self -- Kant’s Refutation of Idealism -- The Hagiography of Common Sense: Dugald Stewart’s Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Reid.
    Abstract: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alternate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is h.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 99
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 99
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Some Observations on the History of Aesthetics and on the Manner in which Heidegger Has Tried to Retrieve Some of its Essential Moments -- § 1. Introduction. Aesthetics: The Discipline and the Name -- I. The Classical Conceptions of Beauty and Art -- II. Modern Aesthetics -- III. Hegel -- IV. The Century after Hegel -- II. Heidegger’s “On the Origin of the Work of Art” -- I. Introductory Reflections. — The Historical Context of the Lectures. — Their Subject Matter and Method -- II. The Thing and The Work -- III. Art Work and Truth -- IV. Truth and Art -- V. On the Essence of Art. Its Coming-to-Presence and Its Abidance -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book grew from a series of lectures presented in 1983 in the context of the Summer Program in Phenomenology at The Pennsylvania State University. For these lectures I made use of notes and short essays which I had written between 1978 and 1982 during interdisciplinary seminars on Heidegger's later philosophy in general, and on his philosophy of language and art in particular. The participants in these seminars consisted of faculty members and graduate students concerned with the sciences, the arts, literature, literary criticism, art history, art education, and philosophy. On both occasions I made a special effort to introduce those who did not yet have a specialized knowledge of Heidegger's philosophy, to his later way of thinking. In this effort I was guided by the conviction that we, as a group, had to aim for accuracy, precision, clarity, faithfulness, and depth, while at the same time taking distance, comparing Heidegger's views with ideas of other philosophers and thinkers, and cultivat­ ing a proper sense of criticism. Over the years it has become clear to me that among professional philoso­ phers, literary critics, scholars concerned with art history and art education, and scientists from various disciplines, there are many who are particularly interested in "Heidegger's philosophy of art". I have also become convinced that many of these dedicated scholars often have difficulty in understanding Heidegger's lectures on art and art works. This is understandable.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400951990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: Zeno’s Stricture and Predication in Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus -- Form and Predication in Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- Forms and Compounds -- On the Origins of Some Aristotelian Theses About Predication -- Plato’s Third Man Argument and the ‘Platonism’ of Aristotle -- Things versus ‘Hows’, or Ockham on Predication and Ontology -- Buridan’s Ontology -- Phenomenalism, Relations, and Monadic Representation: Leibniz on Predicate Levels -- Predication, Truth, and Transworld Identity in Leibniz -- Towards a Theory of Predication -- On the Origins of Some Aristotelian Theses About Predication: Appendix on The Third Man Argument’ -- Alan Code -- Notes on the Contributors -- Index of Labeled Expressions -- Name Index.
    Abstract: One of the earliest and most influential treatises on the subject of this volume is Aristotle's Categories. Aristotle's title is a form of the Greek verb for speaking against or submitting an accusation in a legal proceeding. By the time of Aristotle, it also meant: to signify or to predicate. Surprisingly, the "predicates" Aristotle talks about include not only bits of language, but also such nonlinguistic items as the color white in a body and the knowledge of grammar in a man's soul. (Categories I/ii) Equally surprising are such details as Aristotle's use of the terms 'homonymy' and 'synonymy' in connection with things talked about rather than words used to talk about them. Judging from the evidence in the Organon, the Metaphysics, and elsewhere, Aristotle was both aware of and able to mark the distinction between using and men­ tioning words; and so we must conclude that in the Categories, he was not greatly concerned with it. For our purposes, however, it is best to treat the term 'predication' as if it were ambiguous and introduce some jargon to disambiguate it. Code, Modrak, and other authors of the essays which follow use the terms 'linguistic predication' and 'metaphysical predication' for this.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    ISBN: 9789400954960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 94
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 94
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: On the Empirical Application of Mathematics and Some of its Philosophical Aspects -- On the Empirical Application of Mathematics: A Comment -- Meaning and Our Mental Life -- Meaning and Our Mental Life: A Comment -- The Persecution of Absolutes: On the Kantian and Neo-Kantian Theories of Science -- Origin and Spontaneity: A Comment -- Cognitive Illusions in Judgment and Choice -- The Past of an Illusion: A Comment -- Molecular Genetics and the Falsifiability of Evolution -- On Experimental Approaches and Evolution: A Comment -- Darwin’s Principle of Divergence as Internal Dialogue -- On Darwin’s Principle of Divergence: A Comment -- Molecular versus Biological Evolution and Programming -- Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay -- On Gamow’s Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment -- The Group Construction of Scientific Knowledge: Gentlemen-Specialists and the Devonian Controversy -- On the Devonian Controversy: A Comment -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences: A Comment -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection is the first proceedings volume of the lectures delivered within the framework of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science, in its year of inauguration 1981-82. It thus marks the beginning of a new venture. Rather than attempting to express an ideology of the l}nity of science, this collection in fact aims at presenting a kaleidoscopic picture of the variety of views about science and within science. Three main disciplines come together in this volume. The first of scientists, the second of historians and sociologists of science, the third of philosophers interested in science. The scientists try to present the scientific body of knowledge in areas where the scientific adventure kindles the imagination of the culture of our time. At the same of course, they register their own reflections on the nature of this body time, of knowledge and on its likely course of future development. For the historians and sociologists, in contrast, science is there to be studied diachronically, as a process, on the one hand, and synchronically, as a social institution, on the other. As for the phil9sophers, finally, their contribution to this series is not meant to remain within the confines of what is usually seen as the philosophy of science proper, or to be limited to the analysis of the scientific mode of reasoning and thinking: it is allowed, indeed encouraged, to encompass alter­ native, and on occasion even competing, modes of thought.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401714563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 484 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: On Inductive Support and Some Recent Tricks -- Inductive Inference in the Limit -- Probability and Laws -- Commensurability, Incommensurability and Cumulativity in Scientific Knowledge -- Social Habits and Enlightened Cooperation: Do Humans Measure Up to Lewis Conventions? -- Theoretical Terms and Bridge Principles: A Critique of Hempel’s (Self-) Criticisms -- On Reduction of Theories -- Reflexive Reflections -- Explaining the Actions of the Explainers -- On Explaining Beliefs -- Explaining the Unpredictable -- The Logician’s Dilemma: Deductive Logic, Inductive Inference and Logical Empiricism -- Explanation in Physical Cosmology: Essay in Honor of C. G. Hempel’s Eightieth Birthday -- Statements and Pictures -- Truth and Best Explanation -- Utility Theory and Preference Logic -- Der erste Wiener Kreis -- Are Synoptic Questions Illegitimate? -- On Determining Dispositions -- Die Logik der Unbestimmtheiten und Paradoxien -- Bemerkungen zur pragmatisch-epistemischen Wende in der Wissenschaftstheoretischen Analyse der Ereigniserklärungen -- Zur Verteidigung einiger Hempelscher Thesen gegen Kritiken Stegmüllers.
    Abstract: Professor C. G. Hempel (known to a host of admirers and friends as 'Peter' Hempel) is one of the most esteemed and best loved philosophers in the If an Empiricist Saint were not somewhat of a Meinongian Impos­ world. sible Object, one might describe Peter Hempel as an Empiricist Saint. In­ deed, he is as admired for his brilliance, intellectual flexibility, and crea­ tivity as he is for his warmth, kindness, and integrity, and does not the presence of so many wonderful qualities in one human being assume the dimensions of an impossibility? But Peter Hempel is not only possible but actual! One of us (Hilary Putnam) remembers vividly the occasion on which he first witnessed Hempel 'in action'. It was 1950, and Quine had begun to attack the analytic/synthetic distinction (a distinction which Carnap and Reichenbach had made a cornerstone, if not the keystone, of Logical Em­ piricist philosophy). Hempel, who is as quick to accept any idea that seems to contain real substance and insight as he is to demolish ideas that are empty or confused, was one of the first leading philosophers outside of Quine's immediate circle to join Quine in his attack. Hempel had come to Los Angeles (where Reichenbach taught) on a visit, and a small group consisting of Reichenbach and a few of his graduate students were gath­ ered together in Reichenbach's home to hear Hempel defend the new posi­ tion.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 26
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / The Deductive Model of Explanation: A Statement -- 1.1. Explanation and Deduction -- 1.2. The Humean Account of Laws -- 1.3. The Evidential Worth of Law-Assertions -- 1.4. That Some Explanations Are Better than Others -- 1.5. That Technical Rules of Computation Are Laws -- 2 / The Reasonability of the Deductive Model -- 2.1. Why Ought the Deductive Model Be Accepted? -- 2.2. Are There Reasoned Predictions Which Are Not Explanations? -- 2.3. Is Correlation Less Explanatory than Causation? -- 2.4. Is Causation Inseparable from Action? -- 2.5. Are There Explanations Without Predictions? -- 2.6. Explanation and Judgment -- 3 / Explanations and Explanings -- 3.1. Explanations in the Context of Communication -- 3.2. Formalist Criticisms of the Deductive Model -- 3.3. Explanations and Explanatory Content -- 3.4. Narrative and Integrating Explanations -- 3.5. Are Laws Evidence for, or Part of, Explanations? -- 3.6. Can We Know Causes Without Knowing Laws? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- Notes to Conclusion -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to defend the deductive-nomological model of explanation against a number of criticisms that have been made of it. It has traditionally been thought that scientific explanations were causal and that scientific explanations involved deduction from laws. In recent years, however, this three-fold identity has been challenged: there are, it is argued, causal explanations that are not scientific, scientific explanations that are not deductive, deductions from laws that are neither causal explanations nor scientific explanations, and causal explanations that involve no deductions from laws. The aim of the present essay is to defend the traditional identities, and to show that the more recent attempts at invalidating them fail in their object. More specifically, this essay argues that a Humean version of the deductive-nomological model of explanation can be defended as (1) the correct account of scientific explanation of individual facts and processes, and as (2) the correct account of causal explanations of individual facts and processes. The deductive-nomological model holds that to explain an event E, say that a is G, one must find some initial conditions C, say that a is F, and a law or theory T such that T and C jointly entail E, and both are essential to the deduction.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 The subject matter of ethics -- 1 The raw material -- 2 Subdivisions -- 2 Moral psychology -- 1 General properties of conscious beings -- 2 Some peculiarities of human minds -- 3 Classification of experiences -- 4 More detailed account of certain kinds of experience -- 3 Ethical problems: right and wrong -- 1 Right and wrong -- 4 Ethical problems: good and evil -- 1 Good and evil -- 5 Metaphysics of morals -- 1 Determinism, indeterminism, and libertarianism -- 2 Arguments for and against determinism -- 3 Consequences of determinism -- Guide to authors/subjects.
    Abstract: This volume contains C. D. Broad's Cambridge lectures on Ethics. Broad gave a course of lectures on the subject, intended primarily for Part I of the Moral Sciences Tripos, every academic year from 1933 - 34 up to and in­ cluding 1952 - 53 (except that he did not lecture on Ethics in 1935 - 36). The course however was frequently revised, and the present version is es­ sentially that which he gave in 1952 - 53. Broad always wrote out his lectures fully beforehand, and the manuscript on Ethics, although full of revisions, is in a reasonably good state. But his handwriting is small and close and in places difficult to decipher. I therefore fear that some words may have been misread. There was an additional complication. In the summer of 1953 Broad revised and enlarged two sections of the course, namely the section on "Moore's theory" and that on "Naturalistic theories" (both sections occur in Chapter 4). The revised version of the section on Moore is undoubtedly superior to the earlier version, and I have therefore included it. But in my opinion this is not true of the new version of the section on naturalistic theories: although more comprehensive than the earlier version, it is not only repetitive in itself, but also repeats, sometimes almost verbatim, passages which occur elsewhere in the lectures. In brief, the new version is not fully integrated with the rest of the course.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952232
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 5
    Series Statement: Profiles 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- Self-Profile -- Two -- Plantinga on Trans-World Identity -- Plantinga on Possible Worlds -- Plantinga on the Reduction of Possibilist Discourse -- Plantinga’s Theory of Proper Names -- Plantinga and the Philosophy of Mind -- Plantinga on the Problem of Evil -- Plantinga and the Ontological Argument -- Plantinga on Foreknowledge and Freedom -- Plantinga’s Epistemology of Religious Belief -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Alvin Plantinga -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc.) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the results of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very little of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of significant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISBN: 9789400953390
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One: Introduction: The Immortal Chimpanzee at its Typewriter -- A. Plenitude and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- B. Plenitude and Atomist Cosmology? -- C. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Two: The Legacy of Aristotle -- A. Pitfalls -- B. Three Types of Necessity -- C. Aristotle’s Fundamental Modal Principle -- D. Absolute Necessity and the Ultimate Mover -- E. Aristotle and Determinism -- F. The Energeia-Kin?sis Distinction and Aristotelian Determinism -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Three: Diodorean Fatalism -- A. Diodorus the Megarian? -- B. Diodorus’Denial of Motion -- C. Diodorus’ Account of the Alethic Modalities and His Fatalism -- D. The Master Argument and Diodorean Fatalism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Four: Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- A. The Avoidance of Necessity and Retention of Fate -- B. “Obscure Causes” and Chrysippus’ Compatibilism -- C. “What Is Up to Us” and Fate -- D. Chrysippean and Spinozistic Reconciliationism -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Peripatetic Polemics -- A. Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions of Heimarmen? -- B. Causal/Temporal Sequences: Stoic and Peripatetic Conceptions -- C. A Fronte Conditional Necessity -- D. A Tergo Conditional Necessity -- E. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Cosmic Cycles, Time, and Determinism -- A. Two Versions of Cosmic Cycles -- B. Cosmic Cycles and the Temporal-Frequency Model of the Modalities -- C. Cosmic Cycles and the Actuality of the Future -- D. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Seven: Plotinus and Human Autonomy -- A. Book III of the Nicomachean Ethics and its Aftermath -- B. A Stoic Metaphysical Move -- C. Moral Responsibility and Aristotle’s Predicament -- D. Plotinus and Ennead 3 -- E. Plotinus and Ennead 6 -- F. The Constative and Performative Views of Responsibility-Attribution -- G. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Eight: Philosophical Postscript -- A. The Temporal-Frequency Model of the Alethic Modalities -- B. Responsibility and Determinism -- Notes -- Notes -- Index Locorum -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It is not very surprising that it was no less true in antiquity than it is today that adult human beings are held to be responsible for most of their actions. Indeed, virtually all cultures in all historical periods seem to have had some conception of human agency which, in the absence of certain responsibility-defeating conditions, entails such responsibility. Few philosophers have had the temerity to maintain that this entailment is trivial because such responsibility-defeating conditions are always present. Another not very surprising fact is that ancient thinkers tended to ascribe integrality to "what is" (to on). That is, they typically regarded "what is" as a cosmos or whole with distinguishable parts that fit together in some coherent or cohesive manner, rather than either as a "unity" with no parts or as a collection containing members (ta onta or "things that are") standing in no "natural" relations to one another. 1 The philoso­ phical problem of determinism and responsibility may, I think, best be characterized as follows: it is the problem of preserving the phenomenon of human agency (which would seem to require a certain separateness of individual human beings from the rest of the cosmos) when one sets about the philosophical or scientific task of explaining the integrality of "what is" by means of the development of a theory of causation or explanation ( concepts that came to be lumped together by the Greeks under the term "aitia") .
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback 47
    Series Statement: Sovietica 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Death of Stalin -- 2. The Ordinary Soviet Russian -- 3. “Thieves” in the USSR as a Social Phenomenon -- 4. The Psychology of the Soviet Leaders -- 5. The Inner World of the Soviet Intelligentsia -- 6. The Revival of the Russian Intelligentsia and Dissent -- 7. The Russian Intelligentsia and Its Religious Revival -- 8. Free Literature and Songs -- 9. Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov -- 10. Yuri Andropov: A Recent Leader of Russia -- 11. The Impact of the Russian Past on Its Present -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I have been working on this book since leaving Russia in April of 1972. It was my wish to write this book in English, and there were what seemed to me to be serious reasons for doing so. In recent years there has appeared a wealth of literature, in Russian, about Russia. As a rule, this literature has been published outside the USSR by authors who still live in the Soviet Union or who have only recently left it. A fair amount of important literature is being translated into English, but I believe it will be read main­ ly by specialists in Russian studies, or by those who have a great interest in the subject already. The majority of Russian authors write, of course, for the Russian reader or for an imagined Western public. It is my feeling that Russian authors have serious difficulties in understanding the men­ tality of Westerners, and that there still exists a gap between the visions of Russians and non-Russians. I have made my humble attempt to bridge ~his gap and I will be happy if I am even partly successful. The Russian world is indeed fascinating. Many people who visit Russia for a few days or weeks find it a country full of historical charm, fantastic architecture and infinite mystery. For many inside the country, especial­ ly for those in conflict with the Soviet authorities.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Emergency medicine ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Public health. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: A Movable Medical Crisis -- Moral Absurdities in Critical Care Medicine: Commentary on a Parable -- Moral Tensions in Critical Care Medicine: “Absurdities” as Indications of Finitude -- “Conceptual Construals” vs. Moral Experience: A Rejoinder -- Can Principles Survive in Situations of Critical Care? -- Coercion, Conversation and the Casuist: A Reply to Jay Katz -- Justice and the Hippocratic Tradition of Acting for the Good of the Sick -- Clinical Ethics and Resource Allocation: The Problem of Chronic Illness in Childhood -- Moral Choice, the Good of the Patient, and the Patient’s Good -- What Good is Another Paper on The Good? No Codes and Dr. Pellegrino -- Allocating Resources Within Health Care: Critical Care vs. Prevention -- Report of the President’s 2003 Commission on the Fall of Medicine -- Triage and Critical Care -- The Ethics of Critical Care in Cross-Cultural Perspective -- Triage: Philosophical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives -- Critical Care in an Historical Context -- Commentary on Stanley J. Reiser’s ‘Critical Care in an Historical Context’ -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The expense of critical care and emergency medicine, along with widespread expectations for good care when the need arises, pose hard moral and political problems. How should we spend our tax d'ollars, and who should get help? The purpose of this volume is to reflect upon our choices. The authors whose papers appear herein identify major difficulties and offer various solutions to them. Four topics are discussed throughout the volume: First, encounters between patients and health professionals in critical situations in general, and where scarcity makes rationing necessary; second, allocation and social policy, including how much to spend on preventive, chronic or critical care medicine, or for medicine in general compared to other important social projects; third, conflicts between or ranking of important goals and values; and fourth, conceptual issues affecting the choices we make. Since these topics are raised by the authors in almost every essay, we did not divide the papers into separate sections within the volume. Warren Reich begins the volume with a parable illustrating a key problem for contemporary medicine and two very different approaches to its solution. His story begins with the "delivery" of three indigent, critically ill, foreign patients to the emergency room of a large American private hospital. Although the hospital is legally bound to care for these patients, providing long term, high cost care for them and others soon becomes a major financial strain.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400951891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 30
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Mechanics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / On the Problem of Chronometry in the Present-Day Theory of Science -- 1. Introduction: Establishment of a Reference to Known Positions in the Theory of Science -- 2. Affirmative Theory of Science and the Language of Physics -- 3. The Affirmative Theory of Measurement -- 4. Affirmative Explanations of the Choice of the Time Standard -- II / On the Method of Physics -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Method as a Validity Criterion. On the Foundational Theory of Hugo Dingler -- 3. Logic and Protophysics. On the Foundational Theory of Paul Lorenzen -- 4. On the Method of Physics -- 5. On the Criticism of Protophysics -- III / Chronometry -- 1. What Purpose Shall Time-Measurement Serve? -- 2. Moved Bodies -- 3. Comparisons of Motion -- 4. Forms of Motion -- IV / On a History of Chronometry -- 1. Preliminary Remarks: Terminological Distinction of Practical and Theoretical Chronometry -- 2. The Development of Chronology -- 3. Short History of the Water Clock -- 4. Short History of Mechanical Escapement Clocks -- 5. The Principles of Clock Construction -- 6. Time Theories -- Notes -- References -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For protophysics, the fascinating and impressive constructive re-establish­ ment of the foundations of science by Professor Paul Lorenzen, working with his colleagues and students of the Erlangen School, no task is more central than to.furmulate a theoretical understanding of the practical art of measurement of time. We are pleased, therefore, to have a new third edition of Peter Janich's masterful monograph on the protophysics of time, available in this English translation within the Boston Studies. We also look forward to the Boston University Symposium on protophysics in april of this year within which the full program of protophysics will be critically examined by German and American physicists and philosophers, supporters and critics. We are also grateful to Paul Lorenzen for contributing his powerful instructive essay on the 'axiomatic and constructive method' which intro­ duces this book. March 1985 ROBERT S. COHEN Center for the Philosophy and History of Science Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY Department of Philosophy Barnch College City University of New York vii PAUL LORENZEN CONSTRUCTIVE AND AXIOM A TIC METHOD Mathematics is like a big building with many apartments. We have at least Arithmetic and Analysis, Algebra and Topology - and we have Geometry and Probability-Theory. Very often the tenants of these different apartments seem not to understand each other. The Bourbaki movement promised a new unity of Mathematics by admit­ ting only the axiomatic method of Hilbert as genuine mathematical.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    ISBN: 9789400952119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 83
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 83
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Relativistic Deduction -- Preface -- 1. The Quantitative -- 2. Reality -- 3. The Spatial -- 4. The Principle of Inertia -- 5. Relativism, a Theory About Reality -- 6. Gravitation -- 7. Time -- 8. Electrical Phenomena -- 9. Biological Phenomena -- 10. Universal Explanation -- 11. Matter -- 12. Essence and Existence -- 13. Diversity -- 14. Interpretation -- 15. The Relativistic Imagination -- 16. The Appeal of Relativism -- 17. The Deducible and the Real -- 18. The System -- 19. Relativism and Mechanism -- 20. Rational Explanation and the Progress Of Mathematics -- 21. Progress in Making Things Rational -- 22. The Aprioristic Tendency and Experience -- 23. The Evolution of Reason -- 24. Dogmatism and Skepticism in Science -- 25. The Outlook for the Future -- Appendix 1. Review by Albert Einstein -- Appendix 2. Einstein—Meyerson Exchange -- Name Index.
    Abstract: When the author of Identity and Reality accepted Langevin's suggestion that Meyerson "identify the thought processes" of Einstein's relativity theory, he turned from his assured perspective as historian of the sciences to the risky bias of contemporary philosophical critic. But Emile Meyerson, the epis­ temologist as historian, could not find a more rigorous test of his conclusions from historical learning than the interpretation of Einstein's work, unless perhaps he were to turn from the classical revolution of Einstein's relativity to the non-classical quantum theory. Meyerson captures our sympathy in all his writings: " . . . the role of the epistemologist is . . . in following the development of science" (250); the study of the evolution of reason leads us to see that "man does not experience himself reasoning . . . which is carried on unconsciously," and as the summation of his empirical studies of the works and practices of scientists, "reason . . . behaves in an altogether predict­ able way: . . . first by making the consequent equivalent to the antecedent, and then by actually denying all diversity in space" (202). If logic - and to Meyerson the epistemologist is logician - is to understand reason, then "logic proceeds a posteriori. " And so we are faced with an empirically based Par­ menides, and, as we shall see, with an ineliminable 'irrational' within science. Meyerson's story, written in 1924, is still exciting, 60 years later.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: 1. Third World Epistemology -- 2. Psychoanalysis, Pseudo-Science and Testability -- 3. Popper and the Mind-Body Problem -- 4. Social Facts and Psychological Facts -- 5. Methodological Individualism: An Incongruity in Popper’s Philosophy -- 6. Popper and Liberalism -- 7. Making Sense of Critical Dualism -- 8. Beyond Cultural Relativism -- 9. Good and Bad Arguments against Historicism -- 10. Popper’s Critique of Marx’s Method -- 11. Popper and German Social Philosophy -- 12. Socrates and Democracy -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Although Sir Karl Popper's contributions to a number of diverse areas of philosophy are widely appreciated, serious criticism of his work has tended to focus on his philosophy of the natural sciences. This volume contains twelve critical essays on Popper's contribution to what we have called the 'human sciences' , a category broad enough to include not only Popper's views on the methods of the social sciences but also his views on the relation of mind and body, Freud's psychology, and the status of cultural objects. Most of our contributors are philosophers whose own work stands outside the Popperian framework. We hope that this has resulted in a volume whose essays confront not merely the details of Popper's argu­ ments but also the very presuppositions of his thinking. With one exception, the essays appear here for the first time. The exception is L.J. Cohen's paper, which is a revised and considerably expanded ver­ sion of a paper first published in the British Journalfor the Philosophy of Science for June 1980. We would like to thank Loraine Hawkins and Jane Hogg for their editorial assistance and June O'Donnell for typing various manuscripts and all the correspondence which a volume of essays entails.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400951914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 49
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: The Phenomenological Method and Its Actual Real Content -- One: The Intuition of Essences -- Two: The Thematization of Concrete Consciousness -- Three: The Problems of Reason -- Four: The Result of Phenomenology -- Two: The Dialectic of Real Movement -- to Part Two -- One: The Dialectic of Animal Behavior as the Becoming of Sense Certainty -- Two: The Dialectic of Human Societies as the Becoming of Reason -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Philosophy and Transcendental Thinking -- 2: The Manifest Image and the Scientific Image -- I Conceptualizing the World -- II The Stereoscopic View of the World -- 3: The Myth of the Given World, Knowledge, and Language -- I The Myth and its Constituents -- II What is Wrong with the Myth? -- 4: Scientific Realism — Science’s Own Philosophy -- I Kant and Scientific Realism -- II General Arguments for Scientific Realism -- Appendix on Quantum Mechanics, Bell’s Inequalities, and Scientific Realism -- 5: Methodological Arguments for Scientific Realism -- I The Theoretician’s Dilemma and Scientific Realism -- II Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- III Quantificational Depth and the Methodological Usefulness of Theoretical Concepts -- IV A Scientific Realist’s View of the Role of Theoretical Concepts -- 6: Internal Realism -- I Metaphysical and Internal Realism -- II Causal Internal Realism -- III Picturing -- 7: Science as the Measure of What There is -- I On the Various Kinds of Scientific Realism -- II Ontology and the Scope of the scientia mensura-thesis -- 8: Social Action and Systems Theory -- I The Conceptual Nature of Social Action -- II We-intentions and Social Action -- III Joint Action and Systems Theory -- 9: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge -- I Truth and Explanation in the Context of Scientific Growth -- II A Pragmatic Account of Scientific Explanation -- III What is Best Explanation? -- IV Inductive Logic, Epistemic Truth, and Best Explanation -- V Scientific Realism and the Growth of Science -- 10: Science, Prescience, and Pseudoscience -- I The Method of Science -- II Science and Prescience -- III Magic and Religion -- IV Pseudoscience -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Were one to characterize the aims of this book ambitiously, it could be said to sketch the philosophical foundations or underpinnings of the scientific world view or, better, of the scientific conception of the world. In any case, it develops a comprehensive philosophical view, one which takes science seri­ ously as the best method for getting to know the ontological aspects of the world. This view is a kind of scientific realism - causal internal realism, as it is dubbed in the book. This brand of realism is "tough" in matters of ontology but "soft" in matters of semantics and epistemology. An ancestor of the book was published in Finnish under the title Tiede, toiminta ja todellisuus (Gaudeamus, 1983). That book is a shortish undergraduate-level monograph. However, as some research-level chapters have been added, the present book is perhaps best regarded as suited for more advanced readers. I completed the book while my stay at the University of Wisconsin in Madison as a Visiting Professor under the Exchange Program between the Universities of Wisconsin and Helsinki. I gratefully acknowledge this support. I also wish to thank Juhani Saalo and Martti Kuokkanen for comments on the manuscript and for editorial help. Dr Matti Sintonen translated the Finnish ancestor of this book into English, to be used as a partial basis for this work. His translation was supported by a grant from Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden edistamisvarat. Finally, and as usual, I wish to thank Mrs.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 329 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: One: Justice — Legal Justice — Social Justice -- 1: The Concept of Justice -- 2: Problems of Justification: Social Contract and Intuition -- 3: Substantive Justice and Equality before the Law -- Two: Justice as Equilibrium -- 4: The Principle of Equilibrium -- 5: Distribution According to Desert -- 6: Needs and Justice -- 7: Preferential Treatment -- 8: Punishment and the Theory of Justice -- Postscript -- 9: Beyond Social Justice -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: During the last half of the twentieth century, legal philosophy (or legal theory or jurisprudence) has grown significantly. It is no longer the domain of a few isolated scholars in law and philosophy. Hundreds of scholars from diverse fields attend international meetings on the subject. In some universities, large lecture courses of five hundred students or more study it. The primary aim of the Law and Philosophy Library is to present some of the best original work on legal philosophy from both the Anglo-American and European traditions. Not only does it help make some of the best work avail­ able to an international audience, but it also encourages increased awareness of, and interaction between, the two major traditions. The primary focus is on full-length scholarly monographs, although some edited volumes of original papers are also included. The Library editors are assisted by an Editorial Advisory Board of internationally renowed scholars. Legal philosophy should not be considered a narrowly circumscribed field.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    ISBN: 9789401577045
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 86
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 86
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Popper’s Views of Kant’s Problem -- 2 / Popper’s Problems as a Revision of Those of Kant -- 3 / A Reconstruction of Kant’s Problem -- 4 / The Kantian Theory of Scientific Knowledge and its Popperian Counterpart -- 5 / Our Cognitive Grasp of an Objective World -- 6 / Realism and Objective Knowledge -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    Abstract: Kant and Popper. The affmity between the philosophy of Kant and the philosophy of Karl Popper has often been noted, and most decisively in Popper's own reflections on his thought. But in this work before us, Sergio Fernandes has given a cogent, comprehensive, and challenging investigation of Kant which differs from what we may call Popper's Kant while nevertheless showing Kant as very much a precursor of Popper. The investigation is directly conceptual, although Fernandes has also contributed to a novel historical understanding of Kant in his reinterpretation; the novelty is the genuine result of meticulous study of texts and commentators, characterized by the author's thorough command of the epistemological issues in the philosophy of science in the 20th century as much as by his mastery of the Kantian themes of the 18th. Naturally, we may wish to understand whether Kant is relevant to Popper's philosophy of knowledge, how Popper has understood Kant, and to what extent the Popperian Kant has systematically or historically been of influence on later philosophy of science, as seen by Popper or not.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISBN: 9789401539609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (532p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Inaugural Study -- The Aesthetics of Nature in the Human Condition -- I The Poetics of the Sea as an Element in the Human Condition: Literary Interpretation -- A. Resoundings of the Sea in the Elemental Twilight of the Human Soul -- Death or Life of the Spirit: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner — Thalassian Poetry in the Nineteenth Century -- The Waves of Life in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves -- On the Shores of Nothingness: Beckett’s Embers -- Ego Formation and the Land/Sea Metaphor in Conrad’s Secret Sharer -- Wordsworth: The Sea and Its Double -- El mistico significado del mar (en el lenguaje poetico) -- B. Man’s Elemental Response to the Vital Challenge at the Cross Section of Ancient Cultures -- Between Land and Sea: The End of the Southern Sung -- Hesiodic Fable and Weather Lore: Text and Context in Figurative Discourse -- The Response of Biblical Man to the Challenge of the Sea -- The Sea as Metaphor: An Aspect of the Modern Japanese Novel -- C. The Poetic Inspiration of the Sea in Literary Experience -- The Poetic and Elemental Language of the Sea -- The Sea as Medium for Artistic Experience -- Las dimensiones poéticas del mar y la idea del tiempo -- The Oneiric Valorization of the Sea: Instances of Poetic Sensibility and the „Non-Savoir“ -- Figuring the Elements: Trope and Image in Shakespeare -- D. The Watery Mirror of the Elemental -- Mirror Reflections: The Poetics of Water in French Baroque Poetry -- The St. Lawrence in the Poetry of Gatien Lapointe -- II The Elemental Thread in the Twilight of Consciousness; The Ciphering of Life-Significance in the Poiesis of Art — From Interpretation to Theory -- A. On the Brink -- On the Brink: The Artist and the Sea -- The Rapture of the Deep -- The Voices of Silence and Underwater Experience -- A Contrast Between the Sea and the Mountain: A Comparative Study of Occidental and Chinese Poetic Symbolism -- B. The Shorelines: Elemental Moves in the Twilight of Consciousness -- Literal/Littoral/Littorananima: The Figure on the Shore in the Works of James Joyce -- Already Not-Yet: Shoreline Fiction Metaphase -- Thalassic Regression: The Cipher of the Ocean in Gottfried Benn’s Poetry -- Derrida and Husserl on the Status of Retention -- Nonlogical Moves and Nature Metaphors -- C. Poetic Discourse: „Reality“ and the Retrieval of Life-Significance -- The Reading as Emotional Response: The Case of a Haiku -- Literature and the Ladder of Discourse -- The Sea in Faust and Goethe’s Verdict on His Hero -- III Creative Orchestration in the Poiesis of Life and in Fiction -- Preamble -- What Makes Philosophical Literature Philosophical? -- Kaelin on Philosophical Literature -- The Hermeneutics of Literary Impressionism: Interpretation and Reality in James, Conrad, and Ford -- Hermeneutics and History: A Response to Paul Armstrong -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400951310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: 1. Some Relevant Pre-Stoutian Theories -- 1. Early Greek Philosophers -- 2. Medieval and Later Philosophers -- 3. Stout’s Older Contemporaries -- 2. Stout’s Theory of Universals (1): Some Key Terms -- 1. General Statement of Stout’s Position -- 2. Distributive Unity -- 3. Resemblance -- 4. Classes and Kinds in Stout’s Philosophy -- 5. Possiblities in Stout’s Philosophy -- 3. Stout’s Theory of Universals (2): Stout’s Abstract Particularism -- 1. Stoutian Particulars as Predicates -- 2. General Criticisms of Stout’s Abstract Particularism -- 4. A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Universals -- 1. Jerrold Levinson’s Theory of Attributes -- General Index.
    Abstract: by D. M. Armstrong In the history of the discussion of the problem of universals, G. F. Stout has an honoured, and special. place. For the Nominalist, meaning by that term a philosopher who holds that existence of repeatables - kinds, sorts, type- and the indubitable existence of general terms, is a problem. The Nominalist's opponent, the Realist, escapes the Nominalist's difficulty by postulating universals. He then faces difficulties of his own. Is he to place these universals in a special realm? Or is he to bring them down to earth: perhaps turning them into repeatable properties of particulars (universalia in res), and repeatable relations between universals (universalia inter res)? Whichever solution he opts for, there are well-known difficulties about how particulars stand to these universals. Under these circumstances the Nominalist may make an important con­ cession to the Realist, a concession which he can make without abandoning his Nominalism. He may concede that metaphysics ought to recognize that particulars have properties (qualities, perhaps) and are related by relations. But, he can maintain, these properties and relations are particulars, not universals. Nor, indeed, is such a position entirely closed to the Realist. A Realist about universals may, and some Realists do, accept particularized properties and relations in addition to universals. As Dr. Seargent shows at the beginning of his book. a doctrine of part­ icularized properties and relations has led at least a submerged existence from Plato onwards. The special, classical.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954908
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Natural Philosophy of Leibniz -- The Problem of Indiscernibles in Leibniz’s 1671 Mechanics -- Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Middle Years -- Why Motion is Only a Well-Founded Phenomenon -- Monadic Relations -- Miracles and Laws -- The Status of Scientific Laws in the Leibnizian System -- Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- Leibniz and Kant on Mathematical and Philosophical Knowledge -- Leibniz’s Theory of Time -- Leibniz and Scientific Realism.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400953451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary Evalutation of the Duhem-Quine Thesis -- On Science and Phenomenology -- Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas -- The ‘Innateness Hypothesis’ and Explanatory Models in Linguistics -- The Epistemological Argument -- Conceptual Revolutions in Science -- Is Logic Empirical? -- Empiricism at Bay? Revisions and a New Defense -- Empiricism at Sea -- Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis -- A Note on the Concept of Scientific Practice -- Explanation and Evolution -- Constraints on Science -- Complex Scientific Problems -- Experiment, Theory, Practice -- Perception, Representation, and the Forms of Action: Towards an Historical Epistemology -- Analysis as a Method of Discovery During the Scientific Revolution -- Biological Competition: Decision Rules, Pattern Formation, and Oscillations -- Valuation and Objectivity in Science -- Reflections on the Philosophy of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger -- Name Index. .
    Abstract: The Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science began 2S years ago as an interdisciplinary, interuniversity collaboration of friends and colleagues in philosophy, logic, the natural sciences and the social sciences, psychology, religious studies, arts and literature, and often the celebrated man-in-the­ street. Boston University came to be the home base. Within a few years, pro­ ceedings were seen to be candidates for publication, first suggested by Gerald Holton for the journal Synthese within the Synthese Library, both from the D. Reidel Publishing Company of Dordrecht, then and now in Boston and Lancaster too. Our colloquium was inheritor of the Institute for the Unity of Science, itself the American transplant of the Vienna Circle, and we were repeatedly honored by encouragement and participation of the Institute's central figure, Philipp Frank. The proceedings were selected, edited, revised in the light of the discussions at our colloquia, and then other volumes were added which were derived from other symposia, in Boston or elsewhere. A friendly autonomy, in­ dependent of the Synthese Library proper, existed for more than a decade and then the Boston Studies became fully separate. We were grateful to Jaakko Hintikka for his continued encouragement within that Library. The series Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science was conceived in the broadest framework of interdisciplinary and international concerns. Natural scientists, mathematicians, social scientists and philosophers have contributed to the series, as have historians and sociologists of science, linguists, psychologists, physicians, and literary critics. .
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 98
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Group I -- Essay 1. Husserl, Frege and the overcoming of psychologism -- Essay 2. Intentionality and noema -- Essay 3. Intentionality and “possible worlds” -- Essay 4. Husserlian phenomenology and the de re and de dicto intentionalities -- Essay 5. Rorty, phenomenology and transcendental philosophy -- Essay 6. Intentionality, causality and holism -- Group II -- Essay 7. Towards a phenomenology of self-evidence -- Essay 8. “Life-world” and “a priori” in Husserl’s later thought -- Essay 9. Intentionality and the mind/body problem -- Essay 10. Consciousness and life-world -- Essay 11. Consciousness and existence: Remarks on the relation between Husserl and Heidegger -- Essay 12. On the roots of reference: Quine, Piaget, and Husserl -- Group III -- Essay 13. Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and essentialism -- Essay 14. The destiny of transcendental philosophy -- Essay 15. Transcendental philosophy and the hermeneutic critique of consciousness.
    Abstract: These essays span a period of fourteen years. The earliest was written in 1960, the latest in 1983. They all represent various attempts to understand the motives and the central concepts of Husserl's transcen­ dental phenomenology, and to locate the latter in the background of other varieties of transcendental philosophy. Implicitly, they also con­ tain a defense of transcendental philosophy, and make attempts to respond to the more familiar criticisms against it. It is hoped that they will contribute to a better understanding not only of Husserl's transcen­ dental phenomenology but also of transcendental philosophy in gener­ al. The ordering of the essays is not chronological. They are rather divided thematically into three groups. The first group of six essays is concerned with relating Husserlian phenomenology to more contem­ porary analytic concerns: in fact, the opening essay on Husserl and Frege establishes a certain continuity of concern with my last published book with that title. Of these, Essay 2 was written for an American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division symposium in which the other symposiast was John Searle. The discussion in that symposium concentrated chiefly on the relation between intentionality and causali­ ty - which led me to write Essay 6, later read as the Gurwitsch Memo­ rial Lecture at the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philos­ ophy meetings in 1982 at Penn State.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400952294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Historical Analyses -- Virtue and Health/Medicine in Pre-Christian Antiquity -- Virtue and Medicine from Early Christianity Through the Sixteenth Century -- Virtue and Medicine During the Enlightenment in Germany -- Virtues, Etiquette, and Anglo-American Medical Ethics in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- Section II / Theories of Virtue -- Virtue and Vice -- Two Cheers for Meno: The Definition of the Virtues -- Critique of Pure Virtue: Animadversions on a Virtue-Based Ethics -- The Virtues: A Theological Analysis -- Section III / Virtue and medicine -- Virtues and Vices: The Social and Historical Construction of Medical Norms -- The Virtues of Medicine: Meaning and Import -- Virtue and Medicine: A Physician’s Analysis -- The Virtuous Physician, and the Ethics of Medicine -- Virtue and the Practice of Nursing -- The Virtuous Patient -- Virtue and Public Health: Societal Obligation and Individual Need -- Section IV / Critique -- What’s So Special About the Virtues? -- Against Virtue: A Deontological Critique of Virtue Theory in Medical Ethics -- On Medicine and Virtue: A Response -- Notes on Contributors.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400951594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 112
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. Political and Intellectual Background -- Perspectives on Tracy and the idéologues -- Tracy’s life and writings: an outline -- 2. Scientific Method and Ideology -- Science and certainty -- The concept of idéologie -- 3. Signs, Language, and the Critique of Metaphysics -- The science of signs -- Metaphysics and religion -- 4. Individuals and Social Relations -- Individual will as desire and action -- The bases of social existence -- 5. Social Morality and Civil Society -- Moral education and policing -- Legislation and instruction -- 6. Social Science and Public Policy -- Tracy’s ‘science sociale’ -- Limits of social mathematics -- 7. Production and Economic Classes -- The creation of wealth -- Economic classes -- 8. The Problem of Economic Inequality -- 9. Liberal Politics and Elitism -- Enlightened democracy -- Critique of Montesquieu -- 10. Public Instruction and Ideology -- Ideological education -- Defence of the ‘classe savante’ -- 11. Conclusion: Social Science and Liberalism.
    Abstract: This book attempts to present a detailed and critical account of the thought of Antoine-Louis-Claude Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836). Major importance has been placed on the analysis of his published writings. Biographical details have been provided only to the extent necessary to elucidate the circumstances of the composition and publication of his writings: in particular, the intellectual and political currents in France during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. The book has three main themes. The first is Tracy's philosophy of ideologie, which was concerned to clarify concepts and provide guarantees of reliable knowledge. The second is Tracy's attempt to elaborate a science of social organisation, la science sociale, whose objective was to recommend institutions and policies which could maximise social happiness. The third theme is Tracy's development of liberal and utilitarian approaches to the fields of politics, economics and education. This study began life as a doctoral dissertation at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am grateful for the guidance of my supervisor, Professor Ken Minogue, and for helpful comments from Professor Maurice Cranston, Professor Jack Lively, and Dr John Hooper.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    ISBN: 9789400952874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 3. Life Science: From Biology to Psychology -- 1. Life and its Study -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Moderns -- 4. Brain and Mind -- 5. Strife Over Mind -- 6. From Biology to Sociology -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 4. Social Science: From Anthropology to History -- 1. Society and its Study -- 2. Anthropology -- 3. Linguistics -- 4. Sociology and Politology -- 5. Economics -- 6. History -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- 5. Technology: from Engineering to Decision Theory -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Classical Technologies -- 3. Information Technology -- 4. Sociotechnology -- 5. General Technology -- 6. Technology in Society -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    ISBN: 9789400952355
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: One/ The Social and Scientific Setting -- I/ The Status of the Physician -- II/ Theories of Health and Disease -- III/ Attitudes Toward Death -- Two/ The Rise of Medical Ethics -- IV/ Who was Hippocrates? -- V/ The Hippocratic Oath -- Three/ Abortion and Euthanasia -- VI/ The Problem of Abortion -- VII/ The Problem of Euthanasia -- VIII/ The Physician’s Moral Responsibility -- IX/ Conclusion -- X/ Epilogue -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Principles of Medical Ethics -- Appendix B -- A Patient’s Bill of Rights -- Appendix C -- Declaration of Geneva -- Notes -- Select Bibliography.
    Abstract: The idea of reviewing the ethical concerns of ancient medicine with an eye as to how they might instruct us about the extremely lively disputes of our own contemporary medicine is such a natural one that it surprises us to real­ ize how very slow we have been to pursue it in a sustained way_ Ideologues have often seized on the very name of Hippocrates to close off debate about such matters as abortion and euthanasia - as if by appeal to a well-known and sacred authority that no informed person would care or dare to oppose_ And yet, beneath the polite fakery of such reference, we have deprived our­ selves of a familiarity with the genuinely 'unsimple' variety of Greek and Roman reflections on the great questions of medical ethics. The fascination of recovering those views surely depends on one stunning truism at least: humans sicken and die; they must be cared for by those who are socially endorsed to specialize in the task; and the changes in the rounds of human life are so much the same from ancient times to our own that the disputes and agreements of the past are remarkably similar to those of our own.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    ISBN: 9789400952812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (353p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: of Epistemology III -- 1. The Chasm between S&T and the Humanities -- 2. Bridging the Chasm -- 3. Towards a Useful PS&T -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 1. Formal Science: From Logic to Mathematics -- 1. Generalities -- 2. Mathematics and Reality -- 3. Logic -- 4. Pure and Applied Mathematics -- 5. Foundations and Philosophy -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- 2. Physical Science: From Physics to Earth Science -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Two Classics -- 3. Two Relativities -- 4. Quantons -- 5. Chance -- 6. Realism and Classicism -- 7. Chemistry -- 8. Megaphysics -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aims of this Introduction are to characterize the philosophy of science and technology, henceforth PS & T, to locate it on the map ofiearning, and to propose criteria for evaluating work in this field. 1. THE CHASM BETWEEN S & T AND THE HUMANITIES It has become commonplace to note that contemporary culture is split into two unrelated fields: science and the rest, to deplore this split - and to do is some truth in the two cultures thesis, and even nothing about it. There greater truth in the statement that there are literally thousands of fields of knowledge, each of them cultivated by specialists who are in most cases indifferent to what happens in the other fields. But it is equally true that all fields of knowledge are united, though in some cases by weak links, forming the system of human knowledge. Because of these links, what advances, remains stagnant, or declines, is the entire system of S & T. Throughout this book we shall distinguish the main fields of scientific and technological knowledge while at the same time noting the links that unite them.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400950757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: History, Historicism, and Hermeneutics -- One British Idealism and the Philosophy of History: Sources of Sustenance -- Two Historians of Political Thought and Their Critics: Sources of Anxiety -- Three Philosophical History: W.H. Greenleaf and the Study of the History of Political Thought -- Four The Priority of Paradigms: The Pocock Alternative -- Five The View from the Inside: Skinner and the Priority of Retrieving Authorial Intentions -- Assessment and Conclusion.
    Abstract: The methodology of the study of the history of political thought is an area of study which has occupied my interests for nearly a decade. I was introduced to the subject in University College, Swansea. My teachers there provided me with an excellent grounding in political studies. I am particularly indebted to Bruce Haddock, Peter Nicholson and W. H. Greenleaf. Professor Greenleaf was kind enough to supply me with a copy of his bibliography and copies of two of his unpublished papers. I continued to pursue my interest in methodology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am indebted to Ken Minogue and Robert Orr who taught me there. My greatest debt is to Dr. Joseph Femia ofthe University of Liverpool who devoted a great deal of time to considering the arguments presented here. His criticisms and suggestions for improvement proved to be invaluable. I would also like to thank Alan Ryan for his general comments and encouraging advice. It would be remiss of me if I neglected to express my gratitude to Dewi Beynon who was my first teacher of politics. The research for this project was carried out in the following places; The British Library of Political Science, London; The Sidney Jones Library, University of Liverpool; The National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; The Main Library, University of Edinburgh; The Arts and Social Science Library, University College, Cardiff; and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401577199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Kiener, Ronald C. Rudavsky's "Divine Omniscience and Omnipotence" 1988
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 25
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Medieval.
    Abstract: Introductory -- Divine Omniscience, Omnipotence and Future Contingents: An Overview -- Nos Ipsi Principia Sumus: Boethius and the Basis of Contingency -- Islamic Perspectives -- Wrongdoing and Divine Omnipotence in the Theology of Ab? Is??q An-Na???m -- Can God do What is Wrong? -- Divine Omniscience and Future Contingents in Alfarabi and Avicenna -- Some Reflections on the Problem of Future Contingency in Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes -- Jewish Perspectives -- The Binding of Isaac: A Test-Case of Divine Foreknowledge -- Philosophical Exegesis in Historical Perspective: The Case of the Binding of Isaac -- Providence, Divine Omniscience and Possibility: The Case of Maimonides -- Divine Omniscience, Contingency and Prophecy in Gersonides -- Christian Perspectives -- Divine Omnipotence in the Early Sentences -- Divine Knowledge, Divine Power and Human Freedom in Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent -- The Dialectic of Omnipotence in the High and Late Middle Ages.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...