Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Online Resource  (26)
  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • Joumard, Isabelle  (13)
  • de Serres, Alain  (13)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (26)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Datasource
Material
  • Online Resource  (26)
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (26)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Budgetary Implications of Tax-Favoured Retirement Plans (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.393
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the implicit fiscal assets as well as of the evolution over time of fiscal costs and revenues related to tax-favoured retirement saving regimes in 17 OECD countries, taking into account current and future contributions, asset accumulation and withdrawals, all of which will be strongly influenced by future demographic developments. The main results show that in the case where tax incentives are assumed to lead essentially to saving diversion rather than creation, the net budgetary cost of tax-favoured schemes would remain large, despite the sharp rise in revenues collected from withdrawals as population ages. The paper shows that this cost would significantly be reduced if tax-favoured schemes succeed in promoting additional private savings. It then explores a number of policy options to maximize the amount of additional saving ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138080145732
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax Treatment of Private Pension Savings in OECD Countries and the Net Tax Cost Per Unit of Contribution to Tax-Favoured Schemes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 108 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.406
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides, for all OECD countries, an estimate of the net tax cost per currency unit of contribution to a tax-favoured retirement savings plan, using a present-value methodology. The latter takes into account the future flows of revenues foregone on accrued income and of revenues collected on benefit withdrawals corresponding to a unit contribution made in a given year. The net tax cost is first calculated for nine (five-year) age groups, which have different relative income levels and investment time horizons, and is then averaged across age groups. In order to take into consideration the relevant country-specific features of savings taxation, the paper also provides an overview of the tax treatment of private pension arrangements and alternative savings vehicles. The results indicate that the size of tax subsidy varies significantly across countries, ranging from nearly 40 cents per unit of contribution (Czech Republic) to around zero (Mexico, New Zealand). Over half of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/387535760801
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Effectiveness of Public Spending : Experience in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.380
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. This paper presents a reform strategy for progress in this direction, based on detailed country reviews for over twothirds of OECD countries. Three main areas for action are identified: the budget process; management practices and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/355505224723
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Cost Effectiveness of Public Spending : Experience in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité des dépenses publiques : L'expérience des pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. Based on detailed country reviews for over two-thirds of OECD countries, this paper identifies three main areas for action: the budget process; management practices; and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art10-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les relations financières entre l'État et les collectivités locales (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 169-254
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Relations across Government Levels
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 169-254
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le transfert de compétences budgétaires aux collectivités territoriales n'a pas toujours procédé de façon linéaire au cours des deux dernières décennies, malgré certains avantages reconnus. La décentralisation peut contribuer au renforcement du processus démocratique, permettre aux collectivités territoriales d'adapter l'offre de services publics aux préférences locales et introduire de la concurrence entre localités, permettant ainsi d'améliorer l'efficience du secteur public. La décentralisation peut néanmoins générer des pertes d'efficacité, rendre difficile la mise en place de politiques redistributives et compliquer la mise en oeuvre de politiques macroéconomiques cohérentes. Du côté des dépenses, la décentralisation peut être sous-optimale dès lors que sont importants les économies d'échelle et les effets de « spillover » géographique – effets fréquents car peu de biens publics sont des biens purement locaux par nature. Du côté des revenus, rares sont les assiettes fiscales qui peuvent être gérées au niveau local sans risquer de mettre en péril les objectifs nationaux ou de soulever des problèmes sérieux de redistribution. Cet article propose un cadre d'analyse des relations budgétaires entre l'État et les collectivités territoriales en s'appuyant sur les expériences mises en place dans différents ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art5-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La baisse des taux d'épargne privée durant les années 90 dans les pays de l'OCDE : Contribution des déterminants autres que la richesse (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 129-167
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 41 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Decline in Private Saving Rates in the 1990s in OECD Countries: How Much Can Be Explained by Non-wealth Determinants?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 129-167
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La baisse substantielle des taux d’épargne privée observée dans plusieurs pays de l’OCDE durant la fin des années 90 a coïncidé dans bien des cas avec une forte hausse de la richesse financière nette des ménages. Ce phénomène a été interprété par plusieurs analystes comme indiquant que la forte augmentation des valeurs mobilières et immobilières durant cette période avait été traitée par les ménages comme une hausse permanente de la richesse, entraînant une baisse non soutenable de l’épargne, et faisant ainsi surgir la crainte d’un éventuel effet de richesse négatif. À l’aide de techniques d’estimation pour un panel d’équations dynamiques, cette étude examine les principaux déterminants de l’épargne privée pour un échantillon de 15 pays de l’OCDE et constate que la baisse de l’épargne observée après 1995 peut être largement expliquée par des déterminants fondamentaux autres que la richesse financière, y compris en période hors échantillon. Parmi ces déterminants, c’est la hausse de l’épargne publique qui a contribué le plus à la désépargne privée entre 1995 et 2000. À en juger par les résultats, il ne semble guère que les consommateurs aient réagi trop fortement au boom du marché boursier des années 90, même dans les pays où les taux d’épargnes ont tombés à des niveaux sans précédent. Par contre, les résultats donnent à penser qu’un assouplissement de ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art4-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal Relations across Government Levels (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.375
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite its apparent advantages, devolution of fiscal responsibilities has not proceeded evenly over the past two decades. Decentralisation can strengthen the democratic process, allow governments to tailor the supply of public goods to local preferences and introduce some competition across jurisdictions, thus raising public sector efficiency. It can, however, entail efficiency losses, and make it difficult to implement redistributive policies and complicate macroeconomic management. On the spending side, local provision may fail to exploit economies of scale and internalise territorial spillovers -- a serious issue since few public goods are purely local by nature. On the revenue side, few tax bases can be exploited by subnational governments without risking making national objectives difficult to achieve and raising serious distributive concerns. This paper, which is largely based on country experiences in mitigating the potential drawbacks of decentralisation while obtaining ...
    DOI: 10.1787/455513871742
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Policies and Growth : A Non-Technical Overview (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.355
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In contrast to what has happened throughout the 1960s and 1970s, some of the largest EU countries and Japan are no longer closing the income gap vis-à-vis the United States. Worse, the gap may even be widening since the mid-1990s. While in the case of Japan the gap in GDP per capita is essentially due to the lagging performance in labour productivity, the European Union is trailing mainly in terms of labour resource utilisation, reflecting both lower employment rates and fewer hours worked. This paper provides a brief overview of the main structural factors thought to have contributed to differences in the degree of labour resource utilisation, as well as in the intensity of physical and human capital use and in the pace of technological progress. In doing so, it provides a set of performance and policy indicators which can be used to assess progress achieved in structural reform ...
    DOI: 10.1787/877032331705
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Performance (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.353
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the major changes in both monetary and fiscal policy that have taken place over the past two decades and, within the limits of the existing empirical research, evaluates the overall costs and benefits for the OECD economies. The general findings for monetary policy are that, while it was costly to lower inflation (in terms of output and employment), there are also benefits in terms of lower risk premiums on interest rates, a more favourable investment climate and an improvement in economic efficiency. That said, the paper concludes that there is not much of a case for lowering inflation further from its already low level. While inflation was being lowered, in a number of cases central banks were also undergoing rather significant changes to their institutional structures and policy-making frameworks. There is some limited evidence that these changes have helped in terms of better anchoring inflation expectations. At the same time there is no firm answer on how ...
    DOI: 10.1787/444611645531
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Decline in Private Saving Rates in the 1990s in OECD Countries : How Much Can Be Explained by Non-wealth Determinants? (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 117-153
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La baisse des taux d'épargne privée durant les années 90 dans les pays de l'OCDE : Contribution des déterminants autres que la richesse
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 117-153
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The substantial decline in private-sector saving rates observed in several OECD countries in the late 1990s coincided in several cases with a sharp increase in household financial net worth. This was seen by many observers as evidence that the strong rise in equity and residential property prices during the late 1990s had been treated by households as a permanent increase in wealth, leading to an unsustainable drop in saving and raising fears of an eventual negative wealth effect. Applying estimation techniques for systems of dynamic panel equations, this paper looks at basic determinants of private saving for a sample of 15 OECD countries and finds that the sharp decline in saving observed after 1995 can be largely explained, even in a post-sample fashion, by fundamentals other than financial wealth. Among the determinants, the rise in public-sector saving is found to have contributed the most to the decline in private saving between 1995 and 2000. Based on this investigation, there is little evidence that consumers had gone too far in responding to the stock market boom of the late 1990s, even in countries where private saving rates have fallen to historically low levels. On the other hand, the results suggest that a loosening of fiscal policy may have a limited stimulatory impact on private consumption...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les systèmes fiscaux des pays de l'Union européenne (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2002, no. 1, p. 97-164
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 82 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tax systems in European Union countries
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 1, p. 97-164
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Malgré les récentes baisses d’impôt, le taux de prélèvement obligatoire de la plupart des pays de l’UE est supérieur à celui observé dans les autres économies. La répartition de la charge fiscale diffère aussi ; les revenus du travail sont lourdement taxés alors que les impôts sur la consommation et ceux dit « verts » représentent une part plus importante des recettes fiscales. Bien que la marge de manœuvre pour réduire les taux de prélèvements obligatoires soit faible en l’absence d’une baisse parallèle des dépenses publiques, un rééquilibrage de la charge fiscale – des revenus du travail vers d’autres assiettes imposables – pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des performances en matière d’emploi. Une hausse des taxes sur la propriété, qui sont faibles par rapport à la plupart des autres pays de l’OCDE, ainsi qu’un moindre recours à des taux de TVA réduits et à des incitations fiscales généreuses pour certains instruments d’épargne devraient être envisagés. L’expérience des pays de l’Union européenne en matière de réforme fiscale pourrait aussi être riche d’enseignements pour d’autres régions où l’intégration économique s’accroît. En effet, la libre circulation des biens, des personnes et des capitaux à l’intérieur de l’Union européenne, ainsi que le passage à la monnaie unique, ont influencé la conception des systèmes fiscaux nationaux et mis sur le devant de la scène un certain nombre de problèmes de fiscalité internationale.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art4-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax systems in European Union countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2002, no. 1, p. 91-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les systèmes fiscaux des pays de l'Union européenne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 1, p. 91-151
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite recent cuts, the tax-to-GDP ratio in most EU countries remains much higher than in other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labour and a stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally related taxes. While there is not much room for cutting taxes significantly without downsizing public spending, further re-balancing the tax burden away from labour could contribute to better employment performance. Greater reliance on property taxes, which are low by international standards, less use of reduced VAT rates and tax incentives targeted to specific saving vehicles should be considered. EU countries’ experience in reforming their tax system may also provide useful insights for other regions where international integration is deepening. The free movement of goods, people and capital within the EU area, combined with the advent of the single currency, has also affected the design of national tax systems and has brought to the fore a number of international taxation issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal Relations across Government Levels (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 155-229
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les relations financières entre l'État et les collectivités locales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 155-229
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite its apparent advantages, devolution of fiscal responsibilities has not proceeded evenly over the past two decades. Decentralisation can strengthen the democratic process, allow governments to tailor the supply of public goods to local preferences and introduce some competition across jurisdictions, thus raising public sector efficiency. It can, however, entail efficiency losses and make it difficult to implement redistributive policies. On the spending side, local provision may fail to exploit economies of scale and internalise territorial spillovers – a serious issue since few public goods are purely local by nature. On the revenue side, few tax bases can be exploited by sub-national governments without risking making national objectives difficult to achieve and raising serious distributive concerns. This paper, which is largely based on country experiences in mitigating the potential drawbacks of decentralisation while obtaining most of its benefits, provides a framework for assessing fiscal relations across levels of government...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art5-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sectoral Shifts in Europe and the United States : How They Affect Aggregate Labour Shares and the Properties of Wage Equations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.326
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the importance of aggregation bias in the analysis of wage shares developments over time and across countries. We focus on five European countries and the United States and show that the trend decline in the aggregate wage share observed in these countries over much of the 1980s and 1990s partly reflects changes in the sectoral composition of the economy. The application of a fixed-weight aggregation method changes the profile of the observed wage share in a significant way: in particular there is no longer sign of an overshooting of the wage share levels of the early-1970s. Error-correction wage equations based on the adjusted wage shares generally have a better regression fit and show long-run elasticities of real wages to unemployment that vary less across countries and are substantially lower than those obtained with observed shares. These results are broadly confirmed by wage regressions using sectoral data and the Pooled Mean Group estimator ...
    DOI: 10.1787/763626062738
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Decline in Private Saving Rates in the 1990s in OECD Countries : How Much Can be Explained by Non-Wealth Determinants? (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.344
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The substantial decline in private-sector saving rates observed in several OECD countries in the late 1990s coincided in several cases with a sharp increase in household financial net worth. This was seen by many observers as evidence that the strong rise in equity and residential property prices during the late 1990s had been treated by households as a permanent increase in wealth, leading to an unsustainable drop in saving and raising fears of an eventual negative wealth effect. Applying estimation techniques for systems of dynamic panel equations, this paper looks at basic determinants of private saving for a sample of 15 OECD countries and finds that the sharp decline in saving observed after 1995 can be largely explained, even in a post-sample fashion, by fundamentals other than financial wealth. Among the determinants, the rise in public-sector saving is found to have contributed the most to the decline in private saving between 1995 and 2000. Based on this ...
    DOI: 10.1787/241254248236
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increases in Business Investment Rates in OECD Countries in the 1990s : How Much Can be Explained by Fundamentals? (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.327
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In several OECD countries, investment rates in the business sector grew strongly in the second half of the 1990s. In some cases, the strength of private investment relative to output growth had raised concerns about the risk of capital overhang and the prospect of a prolonged period of slow capital formation in order to bring investment levels back to more sustainable levels. It is possible that the stock market boom has contributed to a rise of investment demand to an excessive level, not only in the United States, but also in the United Kingdom, Canada, Scandinavia and Greece. The purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of fundamental determinants to the change in investment in the second half of the 1990s, based on the estimation of panel cointegration equations for gross business investment for 18 OECD countries from 1970 to 1999. In addition to the levels of real GDP and a measure of the cost of capital, the set of explanatory variables includes four alternative ...
    DOI: 10.1787/688436342124
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Effectiveness of Public Spending in Switzerland (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.332
    Keywords: Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Switzerland is a highly decentralised country with large spending and revenue-raising powers devolved to cantons and municipalities. The federal system, in combination with an extensive use of direct democracy, has contributed to keep public spending at a relatively low level in international comparison. It has also made it possible to tailor the provision of public services to citizens’ needs and willingness to pay and to experiment with a variety of policies. At the same time, several tensions have emerged and effective control of spending deteriorated during the 1990s. After identifying these tensions, this paper reviews recent policy initiatives and proposes options for further enhancing public spending effectiveness. These entail implementing a new fiscal rule which will allow the free play of the automatic stabilisers at the federal level and ensuring its consistency with other government levels’ behaviour; increasing transparency in public spending costs and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735416271177
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Options for Reforming the Finnish Tax System (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.319
    Keywords: Economics ; Finland
    Abstract: This paper reviews the Finnish tax system and the scope for further tax reform. Finland is among the most egalitarian countries in the OECD and a high tax burden is required to finance the associated public spending. Nevertheless, capital and corporate income taxation was substantially and effectively reformed in the early 1990s, through significant rate cuts cum base broadening measures. But, despite income tax cuts since the mid-1990s, high taxes, especially on labour income, still hamper growth potential and distort economic behaviour. In this respect, the poor performance of the Finnish labour market is revealing. Tax reforms have a major role to play in improving the long-term performance of the Finnish economy. Though the scope is limited, the tax burden should be shifted as much as possible from labour to property and consumption, while the earned-income tax allowance should play a smaller role, enabling cuts in statutory rates. Redesigning social security contributions to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/148170527338
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Effectiveness of Public Spending in Norway (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.343
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Public spending is very high in Norway, partly reflecting an extensive coverage of the welfare system and ambitious regional development objectives. Moreover, several institutional features contribute to dampening the cost-effectiveness of many public-spending programmes. Abundant oil revenues have so far mitigated strains on public finance. However, coping with the depletion of oil resources and the fiscal consequences of ageing would require to increase the cost-effectiveness of many public spending programmes, while leaving some room to cut the high tax-to-GDP ratio. This paper identifies the main sources of inefficiencies and suggests policy options. These include: supplementing the existing deficit rule by an expenditure rule; increasing flexibility in public sector wages and job tenure; reforming the funding system of local governments; raising the contestability of public service provision; intensifying the use of price signals and improving incentives to reduce the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/861731021201
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax Systems in European Union Countries (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.301
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: The tax-to-GDP ratio rose steadily in most EU countries up to the late 1990s, largely reflecting a sustained expansion of public sector commitments to welfare provision. Since the late 1990s, many EU countries have cut tax rates. However, the tax burden in the EU area remains much higher than in most other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labour and a stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally-related taxes. Recent measures targeted at lowering the tax burden on labour, in particular at the lower end of the income scale, have had promising results in terms of employment growth, showing how tax design is an important influence on countries’ performances. While there is not much room for cutting taxes significantly without downsizing public spending, further rebalancing the tax burden away from labour could contribute to better employment performance. Greater reliance on property taxes, which are low by international standards, could be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/785648484253
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking the Euro (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: During the first two years of monetary union, the euro's weakness surprised most market participants. Explanations proliferated ranging from fundamentals such as differences in growth prospects to psychological factors such as herd behaviour, but no single story fully accounts for the observed exchange rate path. Based on an eclectic approach, this paper offers an empirical analysis showing that terms-of-trade and saving/investment behaviour seem to have driven the euro exchange rate over the medium and longer run. While such econometric estimates ought to be interpreted with due care, they do support the view that towards the end of 2000, the euro was significantly undervalued ...
    DOI: 10.1787/536702025320
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Width of the Intra-European Economic Borders (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.304
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper first provides a brief overview of the literature on market segmentation and then presents an empirical exercise that sheds more light on the significance of border effects across European countries. The literature suggests that integration in the EU goods and financial markets is typically more advanced than among the other OECD countries. On the other hand, integration in Europe remains significantly lower than that observed between regions within countries. The empirical exercise is based on a set of comparable price data of tradeable goods collected just before the launch of the single currency. The paper finds that for a given distance, crossing national borders adds significantly to the price differential across European cities. However, this border effect is substantially smaller than the one found in previous estimates focusing on European and North American cities, which were based on the comparison of much broader price indices such as the consumer price index ...
    DOI: 10.1787/281117327340
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Options for Reforming the Spanish Tax System (2000)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.249
    Keywords: Economics ; Spain
    Abstract: The recent tax reforms have improved incentives to work and removed barriers to the internationalisation of Spanish firms, and have helped to make the tax system simpler and more neutral, especially as regards saving. However, the structure of tax wedges, combined with significant labour market rigidities, continues to inhibit job creation, and particularly job creation for the unskilled. Furthermore, certain tax privileges, in particular incentives favouring owner-occupied housing, and the multiplicity of tax rates and systems applying to business profits, hamper economic efficiency and/or weaken income redistribution. Also, while the territorial authorities’ taxing powers have been increased considerably since 1997, they remain modest by comparison with their prerogatives as regards spending. The absence of adequate mechanism for controlling expenditure at the territorial level, plus the tax revenue guarantees extended to the regions by central government, could jeopardize ...
    DOI: 10.1787/406268363588
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Greek Public Enterprises : Challenges for Reform (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.214
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: A successful reform of public enterprises would improve productivity in key sectors of the Greek economy, and thus provide essential inputs at lower cost to the economy as a whole. Reforms would need to address the factors that are responsible for the poor performance of Greek public enterprises. First, labour costs are high and productivity low in international comparisons. Second, there are wide technology gaps between Greece and other OECD countries. Third, Greece’s public enterprises fulfil heavy public service commitments without matching compensation. As a result, prices are often out of line with prices elsewhere. In recognition of the large drag on the economy, as well as the burden on the budget, the Government has embarked on a programme to revitalise inefficient public enterprises. The objective of this paper is to analyse the main issues concerning the public enterprise sector and assess the current policy framework, as well as planned changes to it. First, the key ...
    DOI: 10.1787/213543162468
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating Prudent Budgetary Margins for 11 EU Countries : A Simulated SVAR Model Approach (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.216
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper, a structural VAR model is estimated for 11 EU countries in order to assess the effect on the government deficit ratio of four independent economic disturbances: supply, fiscal, real private demand and monetary shocks. Based on the estimated distribution of these shocks, stochastic simulations are performed to derive estimates of cyclically-adjusted budget balances that would have to be maintained to avoid breaching the Stability and Growth Pact’s 3 per cent of GDP deficit limit over different time horizons and with varying degrees of confidence. In order to capture the movement in the deficit stemming from automatic stabilisation, fiscal policy shocks are turned off during the simulations. The results suggest that, for the majority of countries, if governments were to aim for a cyclically-adjusted budget deficit between 1.0 and 1.5 per cent of GDP, the actual deficit would, with a 90 per cent likelihood, remain within the 3 per cent limit over a three-year horizon ...
    DOI: 10.1787/475132665781
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Macroeconomic Implications of Ageing in a Global Context (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.193
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study was prepared in the Economics Department as a contribution to the Organisation -wide study of the economic consequences of population ageing. It presents a number of long-term scenarios illustrating the likely domestic and international macroeconomic effects of ageing across the OECD and policies which might ameliorate or reverse underlying tensions. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on the Secretariat’s new international dynamic general equilibrium macroeconomic model (MINILINK). A “business-as-usual” case is examined in which, without improvements in labour market performance or specific policy adjustments to allow for the pressures of ageing, economic growth is projected to slow significantly over the next 50 years in nearly all OECD countries; world real interest rates remain stable at current levels or even rise, because of the effects of ageing on private savings and the possible build-up of public ...
    DOI: 10.1787/502646045314
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...