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  • Online Resource  (144)
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  • Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
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  • Online Resource  (144)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids (2023)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803562223 , 9781803562216 , 9781803562230
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Due to their very low volatility, high thermal stability, and ability to dissolve a wide variety of compounds, ionic liquids appear to meet the rigorous criteria for industrial applications. Among other uses, ionic liquids appear to be efficient for gas capture, biomass pretreatment, separation problems, and electrochemistry. They are also used in electrolytes, as lubricants, catalysts, or as antistatic agents. This book discusses the various uses of ionic liquids. Chapters discuss such topics as the use of ionic liquids in batteries, new mono, di, and trimeric imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids as catalysts in organic chemistry, the physico-chemical properties of ionic liquid-substituted double-network gels for industrial applications, the use of paramagnetic ionic liquids in magnetic resonance imaging, the compatibility of filter materials used with ionic liquids, and the development of low-friction ion gels for industrial applications
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soft Crystals : Flexible Response Systems with High Structural Order (2023)
    Singapore : Springer Nature
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819902606 , 9789819902590
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (265 p.)
    Series Statement: The Materials Research Society Series
    Keywords: Inorganic chemistry ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Materials science ; Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This open access book introduces the science of the new materials, soft crystals, by showing various interesting examples. Different from conventional hard and stable crystals, the soft crystals respond to gentle stimuli such as vapor exposure and rubbing but maintain their structural order. In this book, their exhibition of remarkable visual changes in their shape, color, and luminescence is described. Through the chapters, historical background, recent remarkable developments, and future prospects are described concisely. This book helps readers to understand a new concept of materials that have the characteristics of stimulus-sensitive soft matter and finely controlled crystals and to design novel materials with the characteristics. The English translation of this book from its Japanese language original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The text has subsequently been revised further by a professional copy editor in order to refine the work stylistically
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    New Advances in Powder Technology (2023)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781837682201 , 9781837699926 , 9781837682218
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book discusses the basics of powder metallurgy and its interesting applications along with various powder manufacturing techniques. It also reviews the wettability of powders and the properties and applications of various metal powders. It is a great tool for understanding the various parameters of sintering techniques. The book includes seven chapters that describe basic concepts of powder metallurgy, sintering, and related applications
    Note: English
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Applications and Use of Diamond (2023)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803563183 , 9781803563176 , 9781803563190
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book focuses on the latest developments and applications of diamond materials. It describes and discusses different types of diamond materials, including polycrystalline diamond, diamond thin films, graphite, graphene, and nanodiamond. The book also discusses diamond cutting and drilling tools, as well as presents breakthrough technologies for physicists, materials scientists, and engineers
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  • 5
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    Phase Change Materials : Technology and Applications (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803564746 , 9781803564739 , 9781803564753
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The intermittent nature of solar energy sources is the greatest challenge to the broad acceptance of this technology. The storage of thermal energy presents a workable option for addressing this issue. When it comes to the storage of thermal energy, latent heat storage units (LHSU) that make use of phase change materials (PCMs) are more desirable than sensible heat storage. In the context of a large increase in the demand for energy, PCMs are an essential class of thermal energy storage materials that contribute to the sustainable growth of both the economy and society. It stores large amounts of heat in the form of latent heat at a constant temperature. This promising technique has already been applied with great success in a variety of applications like solar appliances, buildings, battery thermal management, electronic cooling, waste heat recovery systems, textiles, and more. This book presents an in-depth discussion on PCMs, the current state of PCM technology, and a detailed description of their prospective applications
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liquid Crystals (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781838819453 , 9781838819446 , 9781838819460
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The exotic electromagnetic properties of liquid crystals can be harnessed for many technological applications in general, and in the photonics industries in particular. In addition, the varying molecular structures of crystals make them prudent for chemical industries as well. Liquid Crystals presents the basics of liquid crystals as well as discusses their applications in optics and field sensing. The book also discusses the interfacing of liquid crystal displays and the programming required for these displays
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermoelectricity : Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839626104 , 9781839623820 , 9781839626111
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Next-generation energy sources are crucial for combating the world’s energy crisis. One such alternative energy source is thermoelectricity, which is cost-efficient and environmentally friendly. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the progress made in thermoelectrics over the past few years with a focus on charge and heat carrier transport from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. It also presents new strategies to improve thermoelectricity and discusses device physics and applications to guide the research community
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839682308 , 9781839682292 , 9781839682315
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book contains chapters that describe advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes and Raman spectroscopy. It also provides an in-depth understanding of advanced AFM modes and Raman spectroscopy for characterizing various materials. This volume is a useful resource for a wide range of readers, including scientists, engineers, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and scientific professionals working in specialized fields such as AFM, photovoltaics, 2D materials, carbon nanotubes, nanomaterials, and Raman spectroscopy
    Note: English
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Crystallization and Applications (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839693175 , 9781839693168 , 9781839693182
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The crystallization process may be used in chemistry, physics, or materials science to prepare materials for special applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and optics. In chemistry and physics, researchers prepare polycrystalline powders or thin films. In biology and pharmacology, proteins and drugs are obtained as polycrystalline powder and their structures are determined by X-ray powder diffraction or neutron diffraction. The synthesis of polycrystalline powder or thin films depends on several factors such as temperature, pressure, and operating parameters. This book discusses the phenomenon of crystallization in several fields and applications
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Density Functional Theory : Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications (2022)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839698460 , 9781839698453 , 9781839698477
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a powerful technique for calculating and comprehending the molecular and electrical structure of atoms, molecules, clusters, and solids. Its use is based not only on the capacity to calculate the molecular characteristics of the species of interest but also on the provision of interesting concepts that aid in a better understanding of the chemical reactivity of the systems under study. This book presents examples of recent advances, new perspectives, and applications of DFT for the understanding of chemical reactivity through descriptors forming the basis of Conceptual DFT as well as the application of the theory and its related computational procedures in the determination of the molecular properties of different systems of academic, social, and industrial interest
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  • 11
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    Body Matters : Exploring the Materiality of the Human Body (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Wales Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781786834157
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Body Matters approaches the material world directly; it seeks to remind people that they are the matter of their bodies. This volume offers an assortment of contributions from anthropology, archaeology and medieval studies, with case studies from northern Europe, the Near East, East Africa and Amazonia, which variously draw attention to the multiple shifting materials that comprise, impact upon and co-create human bodies. This lively collection foregrounds myriad material influences interacting with and shaping the human body; the chapters come together to illustrate the fundamental fleshy, bony, suppurating, leaky and oozing physicality of being human. Ultimately, by reminding readers of their indisputable materiality, Body Matters seeks to draw people and the rest of the material world together to illustrate that bodies not only seep into (and are part of) the landscape, but equally that people and the material world are inextricably co-constitutive
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
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    Colloids : Types, Preparation and Applications (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839629792 , 9781839629693 , 9781839629808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Colloids are submicron particles that are ubiquitous in both natural and industrial products. Colloids and colloidal systems play a significant role in human health as well as commercial and industrial situations. Colloids have important applications in medicine, sewage disposal, water purification, mining, photography, electroplating, agriculture, and more.This book gathers recent research from experts in the field of colloids and discusses several aspects of colloid morphology, synthesis, and applications. The book is divided into three sections that cover different techniques for the synthesis of colloids, the structure, dynamic and stability of colloids, and applications of colloidal particles, respectively
    Note: English
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Ionic Liquids : Thermophysical Properties and Applications (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839684999 , 9781839684982 , 9781839685002
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Because of their unique properties and fascinating features, ionic liquids have numerous potential applications in engineering, analytics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, tribology, and biology. This book discusses the thermophysical properties and other features of these emerging liquids. It also presents different methods of their production, as well as examines their potential use as new lubricants or lubricant additives and in gas chromatography. In addition, the book provides an archeological, historical, and technological background of alkali and alkali–earth salts and hydroxides. The book is a useful resource for students, researchers, engineers, manufacturers, academicians, and professionals working in the field of ionic liquids for real-world applications
    Note: English
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Magnetic Hybrid-Materials : Multi-scale Modelling, Synthesis, and Applications (2021)
    Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110569636 , 9783110568776 , 9783110568837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (781 p.)
    Keywords: Classical mechanics ; Fluid mechanics ; Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Optical physics ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism ; Tribology (friction & lubrication) ; Materials science ; Mechanics of fluids
    Abstract: Externally tunable properties allow for new applications of suspensions of micro- and nanoparticles in sensors and actuators in technical and medical applications. By means of easy to generate and control magnetic fields, fluids inside of matrices are studied. This monnograph delivers the latest insigths into multi-scale modelling, manufacturing and application of those magnetic hybrid materials
    Note: English
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  • 15
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    Multifunctional Ferroelectric Materials (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839689925 , 9781839689918 , 9781839689932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Ferroelectricity is a well-known phenomenon commonly used in scientific and industrial communities. Ferroelectric materials are the building blocks of different devices and technological innovations. This book presents an overview of the basic phenomenon of ferroelectricity and different ferroelectrics and ferroelectric devices, including their theoretical study, synthesis, characterization, and application. Chapters cover such topics as the basics of ferroelectricity, perovskite ferroelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics, piezoelectricity, and more
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  • 16
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    Magnetic Skyrmions (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839692536 , 9781839692529 , 9781839692543
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Magnetic skyrmionics is an advanced and active research field, which involves fundamental physics, the creation of efficient next-generation high-density information devices, the formation and manipulation of nanometer-size skyrmions in devices, and the development of compatible materials at room temperature. The magnetic skyrmions found in magnetic materials exhibit spiral magnetism. This book presents a basic overview of magnetic skyrmions along with current research on magnetic skyrmions, emphasizing formation mechanisms and materials design strategies. This book is suitable for an interdisciplinary audience of undergraduates, graduates, engineers, scientists, and researchers in the development of the next generation of spintronic devices
    Note: English
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  • 17
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    29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society, March 15–18, 2021, Hamburg, Germany (2021)
    Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110740172 , 9783110740073
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie / Supplemente 41
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Inorganic chemistry ; Crystallography ; Solid state chemistry
    Abstract: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 41 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Hamburg (Germany) 2021:- Plenary Talks- Microsymposia- Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography
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  • 18
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    29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society, March 15-18, 2021, Hamburg, Germany (2021)
    Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110740172 , 9783110740073
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie / Supplemente 41
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Inorganic chemistry ; Crystallography ; Solid state chemistry
    Abstract: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 41 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Hamburg (Germany) 2021:- Plenary Talks- Microsymposia- Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society, March 15-18, 2021, Hamburg, Germany (2021)
    Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110740172 , 9783110740073 , 9783110740226
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie / Supplemente
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Inorganic chemistry ; Solid state chemistry ; Crystallography
    Abstract: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 41 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 29th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Hamburg (Germany) 2021. - Plenary Talks - Microsymposia - Poster Session
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  • 20
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    Perovskite and Piezoelectric Materials (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789856668 , 9781789856651 , 9781789856781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Investigating in the area of perovskite materials and the fabrication of devices for properties in optoelectronics, we have presented a brief outline of perovskite materials. The authors present a fairly comprehensive arrangement of this very active area of research, with its past changes and present position and outlooks. Discussions are presented regarding photocatalysis, fabrication of solar cell devices and their stability, lead-free materials, as well as thermoelectric and piezoelectric applications. In view of the present status of perovskite materials, I am assured that each chapter of the book will be of boundless encouragement for researchers, scientists, and academicians working in this field
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  • 21
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    Magnetic Materials and Magnetic Levitation (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839621611 , 9781839621604 , 9781839621628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Magnetic materials are important materials for high-tech areas and technological development, which are being classified not only based on their origin but also by the nature of processing, properties, functions, and applications. This book presents an overview of the different types of new magnetic materials and hybrid structures that exhibit different magnetic phenomena and interesting properties. The reported materials are studied theoretically and experimentally, which are the building blocks of all technological innovations. Topics such as magnetic levitation are given for industrial applications. The chapters of the book provide a key description of magnetic materials. This book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students and professionals including engineers, scientists, researchers, technicians, and technology managers. This book gives an idea to readers for scientific innovation in this field
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  • 22
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    Density Functional Theory Calculations (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781838810832 , 9781838810825 , 9781838810849
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book is a contribution to the fast and broad Density Functional Theory (DFT) applications of the last few years. Since 2000, the DFT has grown exponentially in several computational areas because of its versatility and reliability to calculate energy from electronic density. The fast DFT’s calculations show how scientists develop more codes focused to simulate molecular and material properties reaching better conclusions than with previous theories. More powerful computers and lower computational costs have certainly assisted the increased growth of interest in this theory. Each chapter presents a specific subject contributing to a vision of the great potential of the quantum/DFT simulations in high pressure, chemical reactivity, ionic liquid, chemoinformatic, molecular docking, and non-equilibrium state
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  • 23
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    Advances in Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics : Rudimentary Research to Topical Technology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781838805555 , 9781838805548 , 9781838803278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book, Condensed Matter and Material Physics, incorporates the work of multiple authors to enhance the theoretical as well as experimental knowledge of materials. The investigation of crystalline solids is a growing need in the electronics industry. Micro and nano transistors require an in-depth understanding of semiconductors of different groups. Amorphous materials, on the other hand, as non-equilibrium materials are widely applied in sensors and other medical and industrial applications. Superconducting magnets, composite materials, lasers, and many more applications are integral parts of our daily lives. Superfluids, liquid crystals, and polymers are undergoing active research throughout the world. Hence profound information on the nature and application of various materials is in demand. This book bestows on the reader a deep knowledge of physics behind the concepts, perspectives, characteristic properties, and prospects. The book was constructed using 10 contributions from experts in diversified fields of condensed matter and material physics and its technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe
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  • 24
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    Nanoplasmonics (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789858341 , 9781789858334 , 9781789851120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: During the last few years, nanomaterials have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their extraordinary and unique properties. Their small size, and the distinctive features that come with it, makes these materials very attractive for use in different important fields like biomedicine, sensors, or catalysis. One of the most important properties of these materials is their interaction with light and is called surface plasmon resonance. It is a phenomenon that happens on the surface of certain nanomaterials that confers them with unique properties. This remarkable characteristic has opened a whole new field called nanoplasmonics that is acquiring more and more importance among the scientific community. This book aims to review the state of the art in this new field and provide the reader with a wide overview of the new nanomaterials available and their current and future applications
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  • 25
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    Selected Topics in Plasma Physics (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781839626791 , 9781839626784 , 9781839626807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book is planned to introduce the advances topics of plasma physics for research scholars and postgraduate students. This book deals with basic concepts in plasma physics, non-equilibrium plasma modeling, space plasma applications, and plasma diagnostics. It also provides an overview of the linear and nonlinear aspects of plasma physics. Chapters cover such topics as plasma application in space propulsion, microwave–plasma interaction, plasma antennas, solitary waves, and plasma diagnostic techniques
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  • 26
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    Liquid Crystals and Display Technology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789853681 , 9781789853674 , 9781789855050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Liquid crystals have attracted scientific attention for potential applications in advanced devices. Display technology is continuously growing and expanding and, as such, this book provides an overview of the most recent advances in liquid crystals and displays. Chapters cover such topics as nematic liquid crystals, active matrix organic light-emitting diodes, and tetradentate platinum(II) emitters, among others
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  • 27
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    Inelastic X-Ray Scattering and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Applications (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789850529 , 9781789850512 , 9781839684944
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book illustrates a few exemplary scientific topics addressed through the use of two complementary x-ray scattering techniques: inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray powder diffraction. These scattering methods are the focus of the two main sections of this book. These sections are subdivided into chapters discussing specific applications. The general aim of this volume is providing a concise overview of the opportunities disclosed by these two experimental methods, providing some guidance for scientists picking up this field and, hopefully, inspiring more mature scientists towards the achievement of new advances in this area
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  • 28
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    Progress in Fine Particle Plasmas (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781838804718 , 9781838804701 , 9781839683411
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In the field of plasma physics, plasmas (including charged fine particles) have been actively studied for more than 40 years, and special features of wave phenomena, self-organizations of the particles, potential formations, fluid-like motions of the particles, generations of fine particles in the plasmas, etc. have been investigated. Here, these plasmas are called “fine particle plasmas”, which are also called “dusty plasmas” and “complex plasmas”. This book intends to provide the reader with the recent progress of studies of fine particle plasmas from the viewpoints of wide and interdisciplinary directions, such as self-organized fine particles, Coulomb crystal formation, behaviors of fine particles, their stability, and syntheses of nano-sized particles in reactive plasmas. Further, the phenomena of dense grain particles and the effects of massive neutrinos in galaxy clustering are included
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  • 29
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    Electromagnetic Field Radiation in Matter (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789845198 , 9781789845181 , 9781839685682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the interaction of electromagnetic wave radiation in matter, such as the wave propagation in a plasmonic and conductive state, that are dispersive media. The different measurement methods of electrical properties of soils have been studied using several applications. The experimental results of the thermoelectric properties of a chalcogenide system and the electrical conductivity of molten salts and ionic conduction in electrolyte solutions are discussed. The application of an electric field impulse and its influence on the immune responses of animals by increasing different elements of the immune response is discussed. The electromagnetic radiation transmission through skin samples of pigs of different ages have been measured in order to understand the process of absorption and conversion. The methods and results are covered in the book
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  • 30
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    On the Properties of Novel Superconductors (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781789840667 , 9781789840650 , 9781839684418
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Since the discovery of superconductivity, a great number of theoretical and experimental efforts have been made to describe this new phase of matter that emerged in many body systems. In this regard, theoretical models have been presented; the most famous of which was the BCS theory that can only describe conventional superconductors. With the discovery of new class superconductors, the superconducting mechanism became a new challenge in the field of condensed matter physics. This unexpected discovery opened a new area in the history of superconductivity, and experimental researchers started trying to find new compounds in this class of superconductors. These superconductors are often characterized by the anisotropic character in the superconducting gap function with nodes along a certain direction in the momentum space. Since the pairing interaction has an important role in the superconducting gap structure, its determination is very important to explain the basic pairing mechanism.In this regard, this book includes valuable theoretical and experimental discussions about the properties of superconductors. Here you will find valuable research describing the properties of unconventional superconductors
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  • 31
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    Magnetometers : Fundamentals and Applications of Magnetism (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781839690969 , 9781839690952 , 9781839690976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The stars as well as the Earth and its defects, materials, and gases have magnetic fields. To measure these fields, magnetometers are used. This book includes contributions from a variety of experts that examine the typical properties, uses, novel developments, and calibration of sensing magnetic devices. Chapters cover topics related to recent advances in the modeling and application of magnetometers
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  • 32
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    Density Functional Theory (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789851687 , 9781789851670 , 9781838818364
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Density Functional Theory (or DFT for short) is a potent methodology useful for calculating and understanding the molecular and electronic structure of atoms, molecules, clusters, and solids. Its use relies not only in the ability to calculate the molecular properties of the species of interest but also provides interesting concepts that allow a better comprehension of the chemical reactivity of the studied systems. This book represents an attempt to present examples on the utility of DFT for the understanding of the chemical reactivity through descriptors that constitute the basis of the so called Conceptual DFT (sometimes also named as Chemical Reactivity Theory) as well as the application of the theory and its related computational procedures in the determination of the molecular properties of different systems of academic and industrial interest
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  • 33
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    Transparent Conducting Films (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781838804954 , 9781838804947 , 9781838809874
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book presents a significant class of materials that has recently drawn increasing interest in applications of active devices and as a critical component in any structure that requires both electrical connectivity and optical transparency. Despite their technological importance and relatively long history of utilization, our understanding of the existing set of transparent conduction oxide (TCO) material is only now receiving the kind of combined fundamental/experimental material research attention that will inevitably lead to new material discoveries and novel applications. Overall, it is clear that transparent conducting films and transparent conductors are a vibrant field that is advancing rapidly across an ever-broadening spectrum of applications. We hope this book will provide a valuable reference for those interested in the topic and stimulate additional development of new TCO materials and their applications
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  • 34
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    2D Materials (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781839622632 , 9781839622625 , 9781839622649
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to their potential applications in gas/chemical sensors, healthcare monitoring, biomedicine, electronic skin, wearable sensing technology and advanced electronic devices. Graphene is one of today's most popular 2D nanomaterials alongside boron nitrides, molybdenum disulfide, black phosphorus and metal oxide nanosheets, all of which open up new opportunities for future devices. This book provides insights into models and theoretical backgrounds, important properties, characterizations and applications of 2D materials, including graphene, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, ZnO thin film, phosphorene and molybdenum disulfide
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  • 35
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    Electrostatic Discharge : From Electrical breakdown in Micro-gaps to Nano-generators (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789848977 , 9781789848960 , 9781839622656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: As we enter the nanoelectronics era, electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena is an important issue for everything from micro-electronics to nanostructures. This book provides insight into the operation and design of micro-gaps and nanogenerators with chapters on low capacitance ESD design in advanced technologies, electrical breakdown in micro-gaps, nanogenerators from ESD, and theoretical prediction and optimization of triboelectric nanogenerators. The information contained herein will prove useful for for engineers and scientists that have an interest in ESD physics and design
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  • 36
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    Advanced Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789845297 , 9781789845280 , 9781839626395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting Applications is a research-intensive textbook covering the fundamentals of thermoelectricity and the process of converting heat energy into electrical energy. It covers the design, implementation, and performance of existing and advanced thermoelectric materials. Chapters examine such topics as organic/inorganic thermoelectric materials, performance and behaviors of thermoelectric devices, and energy harvesting applications of thermoelectric devices
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  • 37
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    Electrospinning and Electrospraying : Techniques and Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789847017 , 9781789847000 , 9781839681134
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book focuses on the recent advancements in the process parameters, research, and applications of electrospinning and electrospraying. The first chapter introduces the techniques and the effect of the parameters on the morphology of the nanofiber and nanoparticles and then the subsequent chapters focus on the applications of these techniques in different areas. This book will attract a broad audience including postgraduate students and industrial and academic investigators in sciences and engineering who wish to enhance their understanding of the emerging technologies and use this book as reference
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  • 38
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    Liquid Crystals : Self-Organized Soft Functional Materials for Advanced Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789848854 , 9781789848847 , 9781838818104
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Liquid Crystals - Self-Organized Soft Functional Materials for Advanced Applications is focused on both theoretical models and experimental results, pointing out the chemical and physical properties (thermodynamics, electro-optic switching behavior, and non-linear optic phenomena) of liquid crystals used in a wide range of devices. In this respect, the chapters cover the following topics: chemical structure and phase transitions in bent-core liquid crystals, phase and structural behavior of liquid crystals used to align carbon nanotubes, molecular alignment, and photorefractive effect in the ferroelectric phase, which has the potential to be used as transistors, for image storage, and in optical signal processing. It is expected that the book will be of interest to researchers in academia and industries, as well as advanced students
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  • 39
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    Nonmagnetic and Magnetic Quantum Dots (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535139607 , 9789535139591 , 9789535140344
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The book entitled Nonmagnetic and Magnetic Quantum Dots is divided into two sections. In Section 1, the chapters are related to nonmagnetic quantum dots and their applications. More specifically, exact models and numerical methods have been presented to describe the analytical solution of the carrier wave functions, the quantum mechanical aspects of quantum dots, and the comparison of the latter to experimental data. Furthermore, methods to produce quantum dots, synthesis techniques of colloidal quantum dots, and applications on sensors and biology, among others, are included in this section. In Section 2, a few topics of magnetic quantum dots and their applications are presented. The section starts with a theoretical model to describe the magnetization dynamics in magnetic quantum dot array and the description of dilute magnetic semiconducting quantum dots and their applications. Additionally, a few applications of magnetic quantum dots in sensors, biology, and medicine are included in Section 2
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  • 40
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    Phonons in Low Dimensional Structures (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789846270 , 9781789846263 , 9781838818036
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The field of low-dimensional structures has been experiencing rapid development in both theoretical and experimental research. Phonons in Low Dimensional Structures is a collection of chapters related to the properties of solid-state structures dependent on lattice vibrations. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, research topics such as interface phonons and polaron states, carrier-phonon non-equilibrium dynamics, directional projection of elastic waves in parallel array of N elastically coupled waveguides, collective dynamics for longitudinal and transverse phonon modes, and elastic properties for bulk metallic glasses are related to semiconductor devices and metallic glasses devices. The second part of the book contains, among others, topics related to superconductor, phononic crystal carbon nanotube devices such as phonon dispersion calculations using density functional theory for a range of superconducting materials, phononic crystal-based MEMS resonators, absorption of acoustic phonons in the hyper-sound regime in fluorine-modified carbon nanotubes and single-walled nanotubes, phonon transport in carbon nanotubes, quantization of phonon thermal conductance, and phonon Anderson localization
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  • 41
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    Advanced Material and Device Applications with Germanium (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789840322 , 9781789840315 , 9781838817244
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Germanium is an elemental semiconductor, which played an important role in the birth of the semiconductor but soon was replaced with silicon. However, germanium is poised to make a remarkable comeback in the semiconductor industry. With this increasing attention, this book describes the fundamental aspects of germanium and its applications. The contributing authors are experts in their field with great in-depth knowledge. The authors strongly feel that this contribution might be of interest to readers and help to expand the scope of their knowledge
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  • 42
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    Excitons (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535138709 , 9789535138693 , 9789535140023
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Excitons, as part of the InTech collection of international works on optics and optoelectronics, contains recent achievements of specialists from China, France, Japan, Switzerland, and Moldova jointly with Russia and the United States of America on properties and application of excitons in electronics. The growing number of countries participating in this endeavor and joint participation of the US, Moldova, Italy, and Russian scientists in investigations of excitons in the edition of this book testify to the unifying effect of science. An interested reader will find in the book the description of properties and possible applications of excitons, as well as the methods of fabrication and analysis of operation and the regions of application of modern excitonic devices
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  • 43
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    Piezoelectricity : Organic and Inorganic Materials and Applications (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789236477 , 9781789236460 , 9781838816766
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Scientifically defined in 1880 by the Curie brothers, piezoelectricity - from the Greek piezein, meaning to press (squeeze), and ilektron, meaning amber, a material with electrostatic properties - is a phenomenon with many applications. The related piezoelectric materials have been undergoing a long-lasting evolution over the years until today. The field of organic and inorganic piezoelectric materials is continuously expanding in terms of new substances used, new structures, and new applications. The seven chapters of this book present modern aspects and technological advances in the field of piezoelectric materials and applications. To present a balanced view of the field, some chapters focus on new piezoelectric materials and structures, while others examine interesting applications of piezoelectric sensors, energy harvesters, and actuators
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  • 44
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    Fullerenes and Relative Materials : Properties and Applications (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789230239 , 9781789230222 , 9781838812812
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In the period of rapid and intensive development of general electronics, this book entitled Fullerenes and Relative Materials - Properties and Applications is quite systematic and useful. It considers some aspects on synthesis, structural, vibrational, tribology, and optical properties of the fullerenes and relative materials. Some parts of the book present the specific area of the applications of the studied nanostructures. The book contains eight chapters. The special approach and interesting results on the unique properties of the materials studied as well as the different areas of their applications in general optoelectronics, solar energy and gas storage, laser and display, and biomedicine are shown. It is important for education process and for the civil and special device operations
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  • 45
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    Ferroelectrics and Their Applications (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789840148 , 9781789840131 , 9781838817145
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Ferroelectricity is a symptom of inevitable electrical polarization changes in materials without external electric field interference. Ferroelectricity is a phenomenon exhibited by crystals with a spontaneous polarization and hysteresis effects associated with dielectric changes when an electric field is given. Our fascination with ferroelectricity is in recognition of a beautiful article by Itskovsky, in which he explains the kinetics of a ferroelectric phase transition in a thin ferroelectric layer (film). We have been researching ferroelectric materials since 2001. There are several materials known for their ferroelectric properties. Barium titanate and barium strontium titanate are the most well known. Several others include tantalum oxide, lead zirconium titanate, gallium nitride, lithium tantalate, aluminium, copper oxide, and lithium niobate. There is still a blue ocean of ferroelectric applications yet to be expounded. It is and hopefully always will be a bright future
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  • 46
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    Visible-Light Photocatalysis of Carbon-Based Materials (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789230291 , 9781789230284 , 9781838812928
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Carbon-based photocatalysis has been considered as an economic, safe, renewable, and clean technology, for various applications. However, the pristine carbon material is usually restricted by unsatisfactory photocatalytic efficiency and practical applications due to the insufficient solar light absorption, the low-surface area, and the fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Various modification strategies, such as elemental and molecular doping, preparation of mesoporous carbon materials, and combination of conductive materials, are adopted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of carbon materials. In this book, we intend to describe the great potential of efficient and low-cost carbon-based materials in various realms, such as photodegradation of organic compounds, water splitting, and selective organic transformations
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  • 47
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    Heterojunctions and Nanostructures (2018)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9781789234695 , 9781789234688 , 9781838815257
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The current book entitled Heterojunctions and Nanostructures is divided into two sections. In Section 1, the chapters are related to topological insulators where their theoretical aspects, their current experiments, and their applications are presented. A few presented topics are, among others, the topological phases of matter, band topology of insulators and also of Weyl semimetals, transport properties of 3D topological insulator quantum wires and the influence of disorder, transport properties of quasi-1D (and 2D) topological surface states, quantum coherence, and topological insulator thin-film Hall bar device. In Section 2, the chapters are related to light devices such as laser diodes and their fabrication techniques. This section includes, among others, topics such as semiconductor quantum nanowire laser diodes, solutions of Schrodinger equation in nanostructures, numerical methods, light-to-electricity conversion devices, photoexcited carrier transportation process in quantum wells and quantum dots, growth mode and characterization of heterostructure of large lattice mismatch, and photoionization cross section
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  • 48
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    Nanowires : New Insights (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535132844 , 9789535132837 , 9789535147626
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: One-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires, have drawn extensive research interests in the recent years. The smaller size brings unique properties to the nanowires due to the finite size effect (quantum confinement effects). The unique geometrical features of the nanowires bring their utilization in many practical applications in the recent advanced technology. This book provides an updated review on fabrication, properties, and applications of various nanowires. This book is aimed to provide solid foundation of nanowires to the students, scientists, and engineers working in the field of material science and condensed matter physics
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  • 49
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    Chapter Electrochemistry of Surfactants (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The interaction of light with matter has triggered the interest of scientists for a long time. The area of plasmonics emerges in this context through the interaction of light with valence electrons in metals. The random phase approximation in the long wavelength limit is used for analytical investigation of plasmons in three‐dimensional metals, in a two‐dimensional electron gas, and finally in the most famous two‐dimensional semi‐metal, namely graphene. We show that plasmons in bulk metals as well as in a two‐dimensional electron gas originate from classical laws, whereas quantum effects appear as non‐local corrections. On the other hand, graphene plasmons are purely quantum modes, and thus, they would not exist in a “classical world.” Furthermore, under certain circumstances, light is able to couple with plasmons on metallic surfaces, forming a surface plasmon polariton, which is very important in nanoplasmonics due to its subwavelength nature. In addition, we outline two applications that complete our theoretical investigation. First, we examine how the presence of gain (active) dielectrics affects surface plasmon polariton properties and we find that there is a gain value for which the metallic losses are completely eliminated resulting in lossless plasmon propagation. Second, we combine monolayers of graphene in a periodic order and construct a plasmonic metamaterial that provides tunable wave propagation properties, such as epsilon‐near‐zero behavior, normal, and negative refraction
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  • 50
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    Chapter Examining Non‐Celiac Consumers of Gluten‐Free Products : An Empirical Evidence in Spain (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Energy‐dependent full‐field transmission soft X‐ray microscopy is a powerful technique that provides chemical information with spatial resolution at the nanoscale. Oxygen K‐level transitions can be optimally detected, and we used this technique to study the discharge products of lithium‐oxygen batteries, where this element undergoes a complex chemistry, involving at least three different oxidation states and formation of nanostructured deposits. We unambiguously demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of superoxide forming a composite with peroxide, and secondary products such as carbonates or hydroxide. In this chapter, we describe the technique from the fundamental to the observation of discharged electrodes to illustrate how this tool can help obtaining a more comprehensive view of the phenomena taking place in metal air batteries and any system involving nanomaterials with a complex chemistry
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  • 51
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    Chapter Opportunities of Scanning Probe Microscopy for Electrical, Mechanical and Electromechanical Research of Semiconductor Nanowires (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In this chapter, three types of phenomena (electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical) that can be investigated in individual III–V semiconductor nanowires with scanning probe microscope are presented. Transport measurements in GaAs nanowires based on stable electric connection provided opportunity to study individual vertical freestanding nanowires under gentle precisely controlled force. Latter approach appears superior to studies of horizontally fixed nanowires because studying vertical as‐grown nanowires avoids charge leakage into the substrate and impact of defects caused by breakage of nanowires. Principles of thermionic emission theory are used to characterize electrical effects in individual as-grown nanowires. Effects of SiO2 protective layer, surface passivation layers, illumination, and influence of sweeping rate of current‐voltage recording are analyzed. Elastic studies are performed for individual InP nanowires affixed at one end. Bending of the tapered nanowires with diameters of a narrow free end either 10 or 20 nm was performed under different loading forces. It allowed calculation of flexibility coefficient profiles along the nanowires’ axes. Improved numerical model for tapered nanowires leads to the finding of Young’s modulus of wurtzite InP material in nanowires. Piezoelectric measurements permitting registration of reverse piezo effect with opportunities of direct piezo response recording for individual wurtzite GaAs nanowires are briefly described
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    Chapter Plasmonics Devoted to Photocatalytic Applications in Liquid, Gas, and Biological Environments (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Plasmonic nanomaterials have emerged in the last years as a very interesting option for many photocatalytic processes. Their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) brings in some unique properties that overcome some of the drawbacks associated with traditional photocatalysis based on semiconductors. Even when in its infancy, many advances have been made in the field, mainly related to the synthesis of new structures with the capabilities of light absorption in the whole solar spectrum. A great number of reactions have been attempted using nanoplasmonic materials. In this chapter, we present the most recent advances made in the field of plasmonic photocatalysis comprising an introductory section to define the main types of plasmonic nanomaterials available, including the most recently labeled alternatives. Following with the major areas of catalytic application, a second section of the chapter has been devoted to liquid-phase reactions for the treatment of pollutants and a selection of organic reactions to render added-value to chemicals under mild conditions. The third part of the chapter addresses two specific applications of nanoplasmonic photocatalysts in gas-phase reactions involving the remediation of volatile organic compounds and the transformation of carbon dioxide into valuable energy-related chemicals. Finally, a fourth section of the chapter introduces the most recent applications of plasmonics in biochemical processes involving the regulation of cofactor molecules and their mimetic behavior as potential enzyme-like surrogates
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    Chapter Dendritic Cell Endocytosis Essential for Viruses and Vaccines (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nanoconstruction of metals is a significant challenge for the future manufacturing of plasmonic devices. Such a technology requires the development of ultra‐fast, high‐throughput and low cost fabrication schemes. Laser processing can be considered as such and can potentially represent an unrivalled tool towards the anticipated arrival of modules based in metallic nanostructures, with an extra advantage: the ease of scalability. Specifically, laser nanostructuring of either thin metal films or ceramic/metal multilayers and composites can result on surface or subsurface plasmonic patterns, respectively, with many potential applications. In this chapter, the photo‐thermal processes involved in surface and subsurface nanostructuring are discussed and processes to develop functional plasmonic nanostructures with pre‐determined morphology are demonstrated. For the subsurface plasmonic conformations, the temperature gradients that are developed spatially across the metal/dielectric structure during the laser processing can be utilized. For the surface plasmonic nanoassembling, the ability to tune the laser's wavelength to either match the absorption spectral profile of the metal or to be resonant with the plasma oscillation frequency can be utilised, i.e. different optical absorption mechanisms that are size‐selective can be probed. Both processes can serve as a platform for stimulating further progress towards the engineering of large‐scale plasmonic devices
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    Superconductors at the Nanoscale : From Basic Research to Applications (2017)
    Berlin, Germany : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110456806 , 9783110456202
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Materials science
    Abstract: By covering theory, design, and fabrication of nanostructured superconducting materials, this monograph is an invaluable resource for research and development. Examples are energy saving solutions, healthcare, and communication technologies. Key ingredients are nanopatterned materials which help to improve the superconducting critical parameters and performance of superconducting devices, and lead to novel functionalities. Contents Tutorial on nanostructured superconductors Imaging vortices in superconductors: from the atomic scale to macroscopic distances Probing vortex dynamics on a single vortex level by scanning ac-susceptibility microscopy STM studies of vortex cores in strongly confined nanoscale superconductors Type-1.5 superconductivity Direct visualization of vortex patterns in superconductors with competing vortex-vortex interactions Vortex dynamics in nanofabricated chemical solution deposition high-temperature superconducting films Artificial pinning sites and their applications Vortices at microwave frequencies Physics and operation of superconducting single-photon devices Josephson and charging effect in mesoscopic superconducting devices NanoSQUIDs: Basics & recent advances intrinsic Josephson junction stacks as emitters of terahertz radiation| Interference phenomena in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids Spin-orbit interactions, spin currents, and magnetization dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnet hybrids Superconductor/ferromagnet hybrids
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    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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    Nanoscaled Films and Layers (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535131441 , 9789535131434 , 9789535148296
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In recent years, scientific investigations and technological developments have resulted in many new results. Direct applications of quantum mechanical laws to system with length scales lower than 100 nm (nano) had opened a way to construction of new equipment in the field f.e. of nano- and optoelectronics. This book fits into this trend summarizing the results related to discoveries and technological applications of nanolayer in different fields of material science and even life science. The chapters are organized into three subfields: -Preparation and fabrications of nanolayers with different methods. -Description of recent achievements related to very important III-V heterostructures. -Descriptions of mechanical, thermal, optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and tribological properties of nanolayered structures. Some environmentally friendly applications are also treated in this book. The presented book provides a description of specific and original results obtained by authors. We hope that the volume will be of interest for a wide range of readers working in the field of material science
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    Nanomechanics (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535131823 , 9789535131816 , 9789535148302
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In recent years, nanotechnology is the basis for the development of modern production. This determined the urgency of the intensive development of the new direction of mechanics and nanomechanics, for the scientific description of nanotechnological processes and the solution of several topical nanotechnology problems. Topics included in the book cover a wide range of research in the field of nanomechanics: thermomass theory of nanosystems; deformation of nanomaterials; interface mechanics of assembly carbon nanotube; nanomechanics on surface; molecular interactions and transformations; nanomechanical sensors, nanobeams, and micromembranes; nanostructural organic and inorganic materials; green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The main goal of these works is the establishment of the nanosystem macroparameter dependence on its nanoparameters using nanomechanics. This book will be useful for engineers, technologists, and researchers interested in methods of nanomechanics and in advanced nanomaterials with complex behavior and their applications
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    Nanomaterials Based Gas Sensors for SF6 Decomposition Components Detection (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535132585 , 9789535132578 , 9789535148098
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The insulating medium used in gas-insulated switchgear is SF6 gas, which has been widely used in substations. Energy generated by discharge will cause the composition of SF6 and generate characteristic component gases. Diagnosing the insulation defect through analyzing the decomposed gases of SF6 by chemical gas sensors is the optimal method due to its advantages. Carbon nanotubes, TiO2 nanotubes and graphene are chosen as the gas-sensing materials to build specific gas sensors for detecting each kind of SF6 decomposed gases and then enhance the gas sensitivity and selectivity by material modification. The properties and preparation methods are introduced in this book. The author studied the micro-adsorption mechanism and macro-gas sensing properties by theoretical calculation and sensing experiment
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    New Research on Silicon : Structure, Properties, Technology (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535131601 , 9789535131595 , 9789535148142
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The knowledge of fundamental silicon questions and all aspects of silicon technology gives the possibility of improvement to both initial silicon material and devices on silicon basis. The articles for this book have been contributed by the much respected researchers in this area and cover the most recent developments and applications of silicon technology and some fundamental questions. This book provides the latest research developments in important aspects of silicon including nanoclusters, solar silicon, porous silicon, some technological processes, and silicon devices and also fundamental question about silicon structural perfection. This book is of interest both to fundamental research and to practicing scientists and also will be useful to all engineers and students in industry and academia
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    Soldering Materials (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535136446 , 9789535136439 , 9789535145899
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book is about solders and their composition and focuses on material characterizations and the methods used to make alloys and determine their structures, physical properties and applications. Physical properties and the factors that control them and theoretical verification are the main contents of this book. Corrosion of solders is included in the coverage of the properties related to solder composition and mechanical properties
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    Nanoplasmonics : Fundamentals and Applications (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535132783 , 9789535132776 , 9789535147800
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (494 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nanoplasmonics is a young topic of research, which is part of nanophotonics and nano-optics. Nanoplasmonics concerns to the investigation of electron oscillations in metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles. Surface plasmons have optical properties, which are very interesting. For instance, surface plasmons have the unique capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. Moreover, surface plasmons are very sensitive to the surrounding medium and the properties of the materials on which they propagate. In addition to the above, the surface plasmon resonances can be controlled by adjusting the size, shape, periodicity, and materials' nature. All these optical properties can enable a great number of applications, such as biosensors, optical modulators, photodetectors, and photovoltaic devices. This book is intended for a broad audience and provides an overview of some of the fundamental knowledges and applications of nanoplasmonics
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    Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535132462 , 9789535132455 , 9789535147589
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (310 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Versatility, extended compositional ranges, better homogeneity, lesser energy consumption, and requirement of nonexpensive equipments have boosted the use of sol-gel process on top of the popularity in the synthesis of nanosystems. The sol-gel technique has not only revolutionized oxide ceramics industry and/or material science but has also extended widely into multidimensional applications. The book Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis comprises 14 chapters that deal mainly with the application-oriented aspects of the technique. Sol-gel prepared metal oxide (MO) nanostructures like nanospheres, nanorods, nanoflakes, nanotubes, and nanoribbons have been employed in biomedical applications involving drug deliveries, mimicking of natural bone, and antimicrobial activities. The possibility of controlling grain size in aerogel and preparation of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic (UHTC)-based materials, fluorescent glasses, ultraviolet photosensors, and photocatalysts have been discussed in detail by the experts in the field. The usefulness of sol-gel materials as active GRIN, as textile finisher, and as leather modifier with water-repellent and oil-resistive properties would be an incentive for researchers keen to pursue the field
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    X-ray Characterization of Nanostructured Energy Materials by Synchrotron Radiation (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535130147 , 9789535130130 , 9789535148968
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nowadays, nanomaterials are attracting huge attentions not only from a basic research point of view but also for their potential applications. Since finding the structure-property-processing relationships can open new windows in the application of materials, the material characterizations play a crucial role in the research and development of materials science. The increasing demand for energy with the necessity to find alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources leads to the rapid growth in attention to energy materials. In this book, the results of some outstanding researches on synchrotron-based characterization of nanostructured materials related to energy applications are presented
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    Thin Film Processes : Artifacts on Surface Phenomena and Technological Facets (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535130680 , 9789535130673 , 9789535148746
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The book Thin Film Processes - Artifacts on Surface Phenomena and Technological Facets presents topics on global advancements in theoretical and experimental facts, instrumentation and practical applications of thin-film material perspectives and its applications. The aspect of this book is associated with the thin-film physics, the methods of deposition, optimization parameters and its wide technological applications. This book is divided into three main sections: Thin Film Deposition Methods: A Synthesis Perspective; Optimization Parameters in the Thin Film Science and Application of Thin Films: A Synergistic Outlook. Collected chapters provide applicable knowledge for a wide range of readers: common men, students and researchers. It was constructed by experts in diverse fields of thin-film science and technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe
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    Laser Ablation : From Fundamentals to Applications (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535137009 , 9789535136996 , 9789535140221
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Shortly after the demonstration of the first laser, the most intensely studied theoretical topics dealt with laser-matter interactions. Many experiments were undertaken to clarify the major ablation mechanisms. At the same time, numerous theoretical studies, both analytical and numerical, were proposed to describe these interactions. These studies paved the ways toward the development of numerous laser applications, ranging from laser micro- and nanomachining to material analysis, nanoparticle and nanostructure formation, thin-film deposition, etc. Recently, more and more promising novel fields of laser applications have appeared, including biomedicine, catalysis, photovoltaic cells, etc. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in laser ablation, from its fundamental mechanisms to novel applications
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    Electrospinning : Material, Techniques, and Biomedical Applications (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535128229 , 9789535128212 , 9789535141303
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This is a timely, an informative, an interesting, and a well-managed book. The book not only offers an in-depth review of the current status of the knowledge of electrospinning and its biomedical applications but also discusses the emerging ideas and features, both from the East and West, with a focus on the needless electrospinning for the production of uniform fibers. The book is equally helpful to the experts of this field, who wish to enhance their understanding of the emerging technologies, and to the new comers, who can use this book as a reference
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    Carbon Nanotubes : Current Progress of their Polymer Composites (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535124702 , 9789535124696 , 9789535141969
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (506 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book shows the recent advances of the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, the polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes. It also includes a comprehensive description of carbon nanotubes’ preparation, properties, and characterization. Therefore, we have attempted to provide detailed information about the polymer-carbon nanotube composites. With regard to the unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, a series of important findings have been reported. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes, including thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, after polymer functionalization have been documented in detail. This book comprises 18 chapters. The chapters include different applications of polymer functionalization CNTs, e.g. photovoltaic, biomedical, drug delivery, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, thermal therapy, biological detection and imaging, electroanalytical, energy, supercapacitor, and gas sensor applications
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    Chapter Ultra-Thin Plasma-Polymerized Functional Coatings for Biosensing : Polyacrylic Acid, Polystyrene and Their Co-Polymer (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide have been widely studied over recent decades since the discovery of water photolysis by TiO2 electrodes in 1972. Titanium dioxide has three main crystal polymorphs; anatase, rutile and brookite and rutile is the most common as the metastable polymorph. Each polymorph has different band gap positions. Anatase’s band gap is 3.2 eV, higher than rutile’s which is 3.0 eV. This difference in the band gap will determine their optimum UV wavelength range to promote a photocatalytic process. There are different methods to assess the photocatalytic activity of a material. The most commonly used method is the degradation of a dye in aqueous solution under UV light, due to its simplicity. Under these conditions the decomposition rate of a suitable organic dye is used as a measure of activity. Physical properties such as particle size and surface area will determine the effective area that will interact and absorb the dye prior to degradation. The physical mechanisms involved in such aqueous based methods differ from gas phase reactions. More advanced techniques use mass spectrometers to evaluate photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide in the gas phase. An effective photocatalyst for heterogeneous reactions in the gas phase is one which is efficient at creating radicals as a result of an absorbed photon
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    Chapter Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Reinforced Metal Matrix Bulk Composites : Manufacturing and Evaluation (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This chapter deals with the blending and processing methods of CNT-reinforced metal matrix bulk composites (Al/CNT, Cu/CNT and Ni/CNT) in terms of solid-state processing, referring mainly to the research works of the last ten years in this research field. The main methods are depicted in a brief way, and the pros and cons of each method are discussed. Furthermore, a tabular summary of the research work of the mentioned three systems is given, including the blending methods, sintering methods, the used amount of CNTs and the finally achieved relative density of the composite. Finally, a brief discussion of each system is attached, which deals with the distribution and interaction of the CNTs with the matrix material
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    Semiconductor Photocatalysis : Materials, Mechanisms and Applications (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535124832 , 9789535124849 , 9789535141891
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (676 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Photocatalysis is a hot topic because it is an environmentally friendly approach toward the conversion of light energy into chemical energy at mild reaction environments. Also, it is well applied in several major areas such as water splitting, bacterial inactivation, and pollutants elimination, which is a possible solution to energy shortage and environmental issues. The fundamental knowledge and the frontier research progress in typical photocatalytic materials, such as TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based photocatalysts, are included in this book. Methods to improve the photocatalytic efficiency and to provide a hint for the rational design of the new photocatalysts are covered
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    Nanofiber Research : Reaching New Heights (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535125297 , 9789535125280 , 9789535141686
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book titled Nanofiber Research - Reaching New Heights contains a number of latest research results on growth and developments on material fibers in nanoscale. It is a promising novel research area that has received a lot of interest in recent years. This book includes interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to synthesis, morphology, control, self-assembly and prospective application of nanofibers. I hope that the book will lead to systematization of nanofiber science, creation of new nanofiber research field and further promotion of nanofiber technology. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the implementation of nanofibers. As it is widely known, nanotechnology presents the control of matter at the nanoscale and nano-dimensions within few nanometers, whereas this exclusive phenomenon enables us to regulate and control novel applications with nanofibers. This book presents an overview of recent and current nanofibers fundamental, significant applications and implementation research worldwide. It examined the methods of nanofiber synthesis, types of fibers used and potential applications associated with nanofiber researches. It is an important booklet for research organizations, governmental research centers, academic libraries and R&D affianced in recent research and development of nanofibers
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    Functionalized Nanomaterials (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535128564 , 9789535128557 , 9789535141280
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Generally the nanometer scale covers from 1 to 100 nm while discussing the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have very high potency and emerge with large applications piercing through all the discipline of knowledge, leading to industrial and technological growth. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science that has its roots in fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and biomedical and supramolecular chemistry. The main objective of the book is to cover maximum areas focusing on synthesis, characterization with various microscopic techniques, and multiple applications. This book is divided into two sections with Non-carbon Compounds and Carbon Compounds. The synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal, metal oxides, and metal hydroxide nanoparticles are covered in the section Non-carbon Compounds, while the section Carbon Compounds focuses on the carbon nanotubes, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, etc
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    Micro and Nanotechnologies for Biotechnology (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535125310 , 9789535125303 , 9789535157854
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Countless healthcare and biomedical solutions with high impact in terms of timely diagnostics, therapeutic success, patient comfort or financial sustainability of healthcare systems rely on micro- and nanotechnologies. Thus, it is not at all exaggerate to claim that such technologies play in current days a tremendous role with respect to improving the quality of our life, health and well-being, which are the main priorities of modern science. This volume illustrates these statements, addressing highly significant scientific subjects from diverse areas of micro- and nanotechnologies for biotechnology. Authoritative voices in their fields present in this volume their work, or review recent trends, concepts and applications, in a manner that is accessible to a broad readership audience from both within and outside their specialist area
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    Non-Destructive Testing (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535125020 , 9789535125013 , 9789535166634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Non-destructive testing (NDT) is based on inspection methodologies that do not require the change or destruction of the component or system under evaluation. Numerous NDT techniques are increasingly used, thanks to the recent advances in sensing technologies, data acquisition, data storage and signal processing. Inspection information is widely employed in order to make effective maintenance decisions based on the defects identified, their location and severity. This book presents the main advances recently made on different NDT techniques, together with the principal approaches employed to process the signals obtained during inspection
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    Diamond and Carbon Composites and Nanocomposites (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535124542 , 9789535124535 , 9789535166573
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: During the past few years, scientists have achieved significant successes in nanoscience and technology. Nanotechnology is a branch of science that deals with fine structures and materials with very small dimensions - less than 100 nm. The composite science and technology have also benefits from nanotechnology. This book collects new developments about diamond and carbon composites and nanocomposites and their use in manufacturing technology
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    Lab-on-a-Chip Fabrication and Application (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535124580 , 9789535124573 , 9789535157823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The necessity of on-site, fast, sensitive, and cheap complex laboratory analysis, associated with the advances in the microfabrication technologies and the microfluidics, made it possible for the creation of the innovative device lab-on-a-chip (LOC), by which we would be able to scale a single or multiple laboratory processes down to a chip format. The present book is dedicated to the LOC devices from two points of view: LOC fabrication and LOC application
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  • 76
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    Chapter From Cellulose Dissolution and Regeneration to Added Value Applications — Synergism Between Molecular Understanding and Material Development (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Laser ablation (LA) and spark discharge (SD) techniques are commonly used for nanoparticle (NP) formation. The produced NPs have found numerous applications in such areas as electronics, biomedicine, textile production, etc. Previous studies provide us information about the amount of NPs, their size distribution, and possible applications. On one hand, the main advantage of the LA method is in the possibilities of changing laser parameters and background conditions and to ablate materials with complicated stoichiometry. On the other hand, the major advantage of the SD technique is in the possibility of using several facilities in parallel to increase the yield of nanoparticles. To optimize these processes, we consider different stages involved and analyze the resulting plasma and nanoparticle (NP) parameters. Based on the performed calculations, we analyze nanoparticle properties, such as mean size and mean density. The performed analysis (shows how the experimental conditions are connected with the resulted nanoparticle characteristics in agreement with several previous experiments. Cylindrical plasma column expansion and return are shown to govern primary nanoparticle formation in spark discharge, whereas hemispherical shock describes quite well this process for nanosecond laser ablation at atmospheric pressure. In addition, spark discharge leads to the oscillations in plasma properties, whereas monotonous behavior is characteristic for nanosecond laser ablation. Despite the difference in plasma density and time evolutions calculated for both phenomena, after well-defined delays, similar critical nuclei have been shown to be formed by both techniques. This result is attributed to the fact that whereas larger evaporation rate is typical for nanosecond laser ablation, a mixture of vapor and background gas determines the supersaturation in the case of spark
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    Optically Induced Nanostructures : Biomedical and Technical Applications (2015)
    Berlin, Germany : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110354324 , 9783110337181
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (369 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Optical physics ; Laser physics ; Medical physics ; Biology, life sciences ; Biotechnology ; Tribology (friction & lubrication) ; Engineering skills & trades
    Abstract: Nanostructuring of materials is a task at the heart of many modern disciplines in mechanical engineering, as well as optics, electronics, and the life sciences. This book includes an introduction to the relevant nonlinear optical processes associated with very short laser pulses for the generation of structures far below the classical optical diffraction limit of about 200 nanometers as well as coverage of state-of-the-art technical and biomedical applications. These applications include silicon and glass wafer processing, production of nanowires, laser transfection and cell reprogramming, optical cleaning, surface treatments of implants, nanowires, 3D nanoprinting, STED lithography, friction modification, and integrated optics. The book highlights also the use of modern femtosecond laser microscopes and nanoscopes as novel nanoprocessing tools
    Note: English
    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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  • 78
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    Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110417104
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Crystallography ; Mineralogy & gems ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning ; Materials science
    Abstract: Crystallography; Mineralogy; Quasicrystal; Ringwoodite; Nanocrystal
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  • 79
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    Chapter 5 Ringwoodite : its importance in Earth Sciences (2015)
    Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter
    Details
    ISBN: 9783110417104 , 9783110417043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Crystallography ; Mineralogy & gems ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning ; Materials science
    Abstract: The history of ringwoodite started in 1869 in a remote locality in the south-west of Queensland in Australia. Mr. Michael Hammond witnessed a meteorite shower close to the junction between Cooper and Kyabra Creeks (Lat. 25° 30S., Long. 142° 40E.),not far from Windorah (Queensland, Australia) and about 1000 km west of Brisbane. The meteorite fall was very impressive and in due course 102 stones were recovered. Mr. Hammond was the owner of the Tenham Station and from this the meteorite collection was named as “Tenham meteorites”. This collection was then offered in 1935 to the British Museum by Mr. Benjamin Dunstan, formerly Government Geologist of Queensland
    Note: English
    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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  • 80
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    Biosensors : Micro and Nanoscale Applications (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535121732 , 9789535157625
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (468 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nowadays, the implementation of novel technological platforms in biosensor-based developments is primarily directed to the miniaturization of analytical systems and lowering the limits of detection. Rapid scientific and technological progress enables the application of biosensors for the online detection of minute concentrations of different chemical compounds in a wide selection of matrixes and monitoring extremely low levels of biomarkers even in living organisms and individual cells. This book, including 16 chapters, characterizes the present state of the art and prospective options for micro and nanoscale activities in biosensors construction and applications
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  • 81
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    Nanomaterials : Toxicity and Risk Assessment (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535121435 , 9789535142195
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This edited book, Nanomaterials - Toxicity and Risk Assessment, is a collection of current research and information on numerous advances on the toxicity and hazardous effects of nanomaterials, including theoretical and experimental approaches as well as nanotechnology applications in the field of medicine, pharmacology, and the manufacture of nanoscale materials. Based on the large number of nanomaterial applications, a careful understanding of the associated systemic and local toxicity is critically required
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  • 82
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    Quantum Dots : Theory and Applications (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535121558 , 9789535157663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The book Quantum Dots - Theory and Applications collects some new research results in the area of fundamental excitations, decoherence, charge states, epitaxial techniques and photoluminescence experiments related to devices made with quantum dots. This book is divided in two sections. First section includes the fundamental theories on excitons, trions, phase decoherence, and charge states, and the second section includes several applications of quantum dots
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  • 83
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    Nanoparticles Technology (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535122142 , 9789535157694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: During the past years, scientists have achieved significant success in the nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a field of applied sciences which is focused on design, production, detection, and employing the nano-size materials, pieces, and equipment. Advances in nanotechnology lead to improvement of tools and equipment as well as their application in everyday life. In the chemistry this size involves the range of colloids, micelles, polymer molecules, and structures such as very large molecules or dense accumulation of the molecules. In physics of electrical engineering, the nanoscience is strongly related to quantum behaviour or electrons behaviour in structures with nano sizes. Also, in biology and biochemistry, there are interesting cellular components and molecular structures. This book collects new developments about nanoparticles
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  • 84
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    Graphene : New Trends and Developments (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535122203 , 9789535157687
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book is a result of contributions of experts from the international scientific community working in different aspects of graphene science and applications and reports on the state-of-the-art research and development findings on graphene through original and innovative research studies. Through its seven chapters, the reader will have access to works related to the theory and characterization of various planar heterostructures and nanoplatforms based on graphene and also the Compton effect in graphene, while it introduces photoactive graphene from functionalization to applications and also the modeling and control of a smart single-layer graphene sheet. Besides, it presents reviews on the modeling, synthesis, and properties of graphene and graphene technology and its applications in electronic devices
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  • 85
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    Electroplating of Nanostructures (2015)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535122135 , 9789535157656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The electroplating was widely used to electrodeposit the nanostructures because of its relatively low deposition temperature, low cost and controlling the thickness of the coatings. With advances in electronics and microprocessor, the amount and form of the electrodeposition current applied can be controlled. The pulse electrodeposition has the interesting advantages such as higher current density application, higher efficiency and more variable parameters compared to direct current density. This book collects new developments about electroplating and its use in nanotechnology
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  • 86
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    Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery (2014)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535116288 , 9789535157564
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book collects reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of nanotechnology use in drug delivery. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of nanotechnology application of drug delivery. Since the advent of analytical techniques and capabilities to measure particle sizes in nanometer ranges, there has been tremendous interest in the use of nanoparticles for more efficient methods of drug delivery. On the other hand, this reference discusses advances in design, optimization, and adaptation of gene delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genetic, and infectious diseases, and considers assessment and review procedures involved in the development of gene-based pharmaceuticals
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  • 87
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    Modern Electrochemical Methods in Nano, Surface and Corrosion Science (2014)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535115861 , 9789535157595
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The basics and principles of new electrochemical methods and also their usage for fabrication and analysis of different nanostructures were discussed in this book. These methods consist of electrochemical methods in nanoscale (e.g. electrochemical atomic force microscopy and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy) and also electrochemical methods for fabrication of nanomaterials
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  • 88
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    New Progress on Graphene Research (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535110910 , 9789535157113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: This book collects some new progresses on research of graphene from theoretical and experimental aspects in a variety of topics, such as graphene nanoribbons, graphene quantum dots, and graphene-based resistive switching memory. The authors of each chapter give a unique insight about the specific intense research area of graphene. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers with background in physics, chemistry, and materials as reference
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  • 89
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    Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535110026 , 9789535157250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (416 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are rolled up graphene sheets with a quasi-one-dimensional structure of nanometer-scale diameter. In these last twenty years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention from physicists, chemists, material scientists, and electronic device engineers because of their excellent structural, electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotube research, especially that aiming at industrial applications, is becoming more important. This book covers recent research topics regarding the physical, structural, chemical and electric properties on carbon nanotubes. All chapters were written by researchers who are active on the front lines. The chapters in this book will be helpful to many students, engineers and researchers working in the field of carbon nanotubes
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  • 90
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    Advances in Nanofibers (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535112099 , 9789535157267
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Book Advances in Nanofibers is a research publication that covers original research on developments within the Nanofibers field of study. The book is a collection of reviewed scholarly contributions written by different authors. Each scholarly contribution represents a chapter and each chapter is complete in itself but related to the major topics and objectives. The target audience comprises scholars and specialists in the field
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  • 91
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    Updates in Advanced Lithography (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535111757 , 9789535157090
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Advanced lithography grows up to several fields such as nano-lithography, micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and nano-phonics, etc. Nano-lithography reaches to 20 nm size in advanced electron device. Consequently, we have to study and develop true single nanometer size lithography. One of the solutions is to study a fusion of top down and bottom up technologies such as EB drawing and self-assembly with block copolymer. In MEMS and nano-photonics, 3 dimensional structures are needed to achieve some functions in the devices for the applications. Their formation are done by several methods such as colloid lithography, stereo-lithography, dry etching, sputtering, deposition, etc. This book covers a wide area regarding nano-lithography, nano structure and 3-dimensional structure, and introduces readers to the methods, methodology and its applications
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  • 92
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    Advances in Graphene Science (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535111825 , 9789535142430
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Graphene is proving to be the magic material of the 21th century. It is widely accepted that it is the strongest material ever studied and can be an efficient substitute for silicon. Besides, fascinating properties of graphene, such as the highest electrical conductivity among the discovered substances, have dramatically shocked science and technology world. Graphene is a carbon based layer with high atomic density. Its extraordinary characteristics such as extremely high mechanical strength, hardness, and adjustable thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent surface and optical feature through chemical marking, have received great deal of attention by many researchers. This book collects new advances of this interesting nanomaterial
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  • 93
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    Syntheses and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535111252 , 9789535142492
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (550 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are rolled up graphene sheets with a quasi-one-dimensional structure of nanometer-scale diameter. In these last twenty years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention from physicists, chemists, material scientists, and electronic device engineers, because of their excellent structural, electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. More recently, demand for innovative industrial applications of carbon nanotubes is increasing. This book covers recent research topics regarding syntheses techniques of carbon nanotubes and nanotube-based composites, and their applications. The chapters in this book will be helpful to many students, engineers and researchers working in the field of carbon nanotubes
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Nanocrystals : Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535107149 , 9789535142836
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nanocrystals research has been an area of significant interest lately, due to the wide variety of potential applications in semiconductor, optical and biomedical fields. This book consists of a collection of research work on nanocrystals processing and characterization of their structural, optical, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties. Various methods for nanocrystals synthesis are discussed in the book. Size-dependent properties such as quantum confinement, superparamagnetism have been observed in semiconductor and magnetic nanoparticles. Nanocrystals incorporated into different material systems have proven to possess improved properties. A review of the exciting outcomes nanoparticles study has provided indicates further accomplishments in the near future
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  • 95
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    Chapter SOA-Based Optical Packet Switching Architectures (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Materials / States of matter
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Chapter Application of Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in X-Ray Trace Element Analytical Techniques (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : InTechOpen
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Materials / States of matter
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Smart Nanoparticles Technology (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535105008 , 9789535156062
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (590 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In the last few years, Nanoparticles and their applications dramatically diverted science in the direction of brand new philosophy. The properties of many conventional materials changed when formed from nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger particles which causes them to be more reactive and effective than other molecules. In this book, we (InTech publisher, editor and authors) have invested a lot of effort to include 25 most advanced technology chapters. The book is organised into three well-heeled parts. We would like to invite all Nanotechnology scientists to read and share the knowledge and contents of this book
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Fingerprints in the Optical and Transport Properties of Quantum Dots (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535106487 , 9789535156079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The book "Fingerprints in the optical and transport properties of quantum dots" provides novel and efficient methods for the calculation and investigating of the optical and transport properties of quantum dot systems. This book is divided into two sections. In section 1 includes ten chapters where novel optical properties are discussed. In section 2 involve eight chapters that investigate and model the most important effects of transport and electronics properties of quantum dot systems This is a collaborative book sharing and providing fundamental research such as the one conducted in Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, with a base text that could serve as a reference in research by presenting up-to-date research work on the field of quantum dot systems
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Macro To Nano Spectroscopy (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789535106647 , 9789535156604
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (460 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: In the last few decades, Spectroscopy and its application dramatically diverted science in the direction of brand new era. This book reports on recent progress in spectroscopic technologies, theory and applications of advanced spectroscopy. In this book, we (INTECH publisher, editor and authors) have invested a lot of effort to include 20 most advanced spectroscopy chapters. We would like to invite all spectroscopy scientists to read and share the knowledge and contents of this book. The textbook is written by international scientists with expertise in Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, Biology and Nanotechnology many of which are active in research. We hope that the textbook will enhance the knowledge of scientists in the complexities of some spectroscopic approaches; it will stimulate both professionals and students to dedicate part of their future research in understanding relevant mechanisms and applications of chemistry, physics and material sciences
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Nanorods (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen | Rijeka : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789535156093
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 238 Seiten)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics) ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: The book "Nanorods" is an overview of the fundamentals and applications of nanosciences and nanotechnologies. The methods described in this book are very powerful and have practical applications in the subjects of nanorods. The potential applications of nanorods are very attractive for bio-sensor, magneto-electronic, plasmonic state, nano-transistor, data storage media, etc. This book is of interest to both fundamental research such as the one conducted in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Material Science, Medicine etc., and also to practicing scientists, students, researchers in applied material sciences and engineers
    Note: Literaturangaben , English
    DOI: 10.5772/2046
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