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  • Undetermined  (19)
  • Basel : MDPI Books  (19)
  • Research & information: general  (19)
  • Wirtschaft (Ethnologie)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783036543086 , 9783036543079
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Each year, natural hazards such as earthquakes, cyclones, flooding, landslides, wildfires, avalanches, volcanic eruption, extreme temperatures, storm surges, drought, etc., result in widespread loss of life, livelihood, and critical infrastructure globally. With the unprecedented growth of the human population, largescale development activities, and changes to the natural environment, the frequency and intensity of extreme natural events and consequent impacts are expected to increase in the future.Technological interventions provide essential provisions for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards. The data obtained through remote sensing systems with varied spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions particularly provide prospects for furthering knowledge on spatiotemporal patterns and forecasting of natural hazards. The collection of data using earth observation systems has been valuable for alleviating the adverse effects of natural hazards, especially with their near real-time capabilities for tracking extreme natural events. Remote sensing systems from different platforms also serve as an important decision-support tool for devising response strategies, coordinating rescue operations, and making damage and loss estimations.With these in mind, this book seeks original contributions to the advanced applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques in understanding various dimensions of natural hazards through new theory, data products, and robust approaches
    Note: English
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783036549910 , 9783036549927
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate that healthy diet and exercise can prevent cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and some types of cancer such as colon cancer, and smoking-related cancers. Dietary patterns defined as the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods and drinks, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed are also associated with an increased or decreased incidence of chronic diseases. Lately, an association has been found between eating habits, exercise, and psychological and/or mental disorders. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled "Dietary Habits, Beneficial Exercise, and Chronic Diseases: Latest Advances and Prospects", contains 20 manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing the scientific literature, focused on the relationship between dietary habits (macronutrients, micronutrients, etc.) and/or exercise with metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, mental, rheumatic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, odontostomatological, and other chronic diseases
    Note: English
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783036549019 , 9783036549026
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Vegetation plays an essential role in the study of the environment through plant respiration and photosynthesis. Therefore, the assessment of the current vegetation status is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, biomass, leaf angle distribution) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) have been employed to assess vegetation status and its dynamics at scales ranging from kilometric to decametric spatial resolutions thanks to methods based on remote sensing (RS) data.Optical RS retrieval methods are based on the radiative transfer processes of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation that is measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared channels. The increased availability of active RS (radar and LiDAR) data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the ability to exploit rich structural and texture information. Optical and radar data fusion and multi-sensor integration approaches are pressing topics, which could fully exploit the information conveyed by both the optical and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.This Special Issue reprint reviews the state of the art in biophysical parameters retrieval and its usage in a wide variety of applications (e.g., ecology, carbon cycle, agriculture, forestry and food security)
    Note: English
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9783036548081 , 9783036548074
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: This book was inspired by the Hydrology-H030 Session of the 2019 AGU (America Geophysical Union) Fall Meeting. In recent years, simulating potential future vulnerability and sustainability of water resources due to climate change are mainly focused on global and regional scale watersheds by using climate change scenarios. These scenarios may have low resolution and may not be accurate for local watersheds. This book addresses the impacts of climate change upon water quantity and quality at small scale watersheds. Emphases are on climate-induced water resource vulnerabilities (e.g., flood, drought, groundwater depletion, evapotranspiration, and water pollution) and methodologies (e.g., computer modeling, field measurement, and management practice) employed to mitigation and adapt climate change impacts on water resources. Application implications to local water resource management are also discussed in this book
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783036552026 , 9783036552019
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The impacts of climate change on crop production are already a reality in Europe and across the rest of the world. In order to mitigate these impacts, access to unexploited genetic crop diversity for the production of new varieties that can thrive in more extreme environmental conditions is of prime importance. Herein, genetic diversity should provide the raw materials for breeding and plant improvements. Despite the vast pool of resources that exist, much of the germplasm richness found in gene banks is poorly documented. To overcome the barriers between germplasm conservation and use, a complete evaluation is necessary to determine the useful diversity they contain.This Special Issue focuses on "Old Germplasm for New Needs: Managing Crop Genetic Resources". We gathered novel research, reviews, and opinion pieces covering all related topics, including germplasm evaluation, crop genetics and improvements, novel crops, phenotyping, physiological responses of inbred lines, management solutions, modeling, case studies from the field, and policy positions
    Note: English
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783036548630 , 9783036548647
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Forestry & related industries
    Abstract: This book highlights the role of research in innovation and sustainability in the forest sector. The contributions included fall within the broad thematic areas of forest science and cover crucial topics such as biocontrol, forest fire risk, harvesting and logging practices, quantitative and qualitative assessments of forest products, urban forests, and wood treatments-topics that have also been addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributions also have practical applications, as they deal with the ecological and economic importance of forests and new technologies for the conservation, monitoring, and improvement of services and forest value
    Note: English
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9783036548418 , 9783036548425
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Over the last 100 years, the numerous advances in science, the improved sanitary conditions and a decline in poverty have led to an increase in life expectancy. As a result, in the coming years, the number of over-65s will triple, and the over-80s will be the fastest growing portion of the population.However, an increased lifespan is associated with an increase in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, and degenerative disorders. Therefore, ideally, increased lifespan should be associated to a better healthspan, which is the period one individual is living in good health.Based on evidence that aging is a multifaceted phenomenon, resulting from one or more failures at the molecular, cellular, physiologic, and functional levels, age-related diseases are difficult therapeutic targets.Data on the correlation between the quality of one's diet and life expectancy, and the application of calorie restriction regimens, or of micronutrients, antioxidants and functional foods in the diet make nutrition, together with exercise, a natural weapon to combat age-related diseases and improve healthspan
    Note: English
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783036549521 , 9783036549514
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (552 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Oxidative stress causes chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Antioxidant systems defend human cells from free radicals. They act by stopping free radicals, decreasing their development, and quenching the formed ROS and RNS. The antioxidant molecules are classified into primary and secondary defense molecules. The primary antioxidant molecules (i.e., vitamins C and E, ubiquinone, and glutathione) reduce oxidation effects by moving a proton to the free radical species or electron donors, or by terminating the chain reactions The secondary antioxidants (i.e., N-acetyl cysteine and lipoic acid) act as cofactors for some enzyme systems or neutralize the production of free radicals by transition metals. This work comprises original research papers and reviews on antioxidant molecules in food, the agricultural practices that maximize their levels in plants, the potential preventive effects of selected classes of antioxidant molecules, their potential use in functional foods, and the pharmaceutical delivery systems that maximize their potential activity when used as supplements
    Note: English
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783036549057 , 9783036549064
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on exploring new developments in both pure and applied mathematics as a result of fractional behaviour. It covers the range of ongoing activities in the context of fractional calculus by offering alternate viewpoints, workable solutions, new derivatives, and methods to solve real-world problems. It is impossible to deny that fractional behaviour exists in nature. Any phenomenon that has a pulse, rhythm, or pattern appears to be a fractal. The 17 papers that were published and are part of this volume provide credence to that claim. A variety of topics illustrate the use of fractional calculus in a range of disciplines and offer sufficient coverage to pique every reader's attention
    Note: English
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783036545172 , 9783036545189
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book was established after closing the special issue "Water and Ion Transport in Plants: New and Older Trends Meet Together" edited by Dr. Vadim Volkov, Professor Lars Wegner and Dr Mary Beilby as Guest Editors and Mr. Everett Zhu as Manager Editor. This book represents a small collection of bright papers related to water and ion transport in plants; these exceptionally wide topic cannot be covered within a single Book, so the aim was to recall the main concepts established for water and ion transport, to introduce new ideas, including controversial ones, and to link these ideas for generating directions of potential future research and progress. The goal was reached pointing to the main traditionally studied ion transport systems: ion channels, ion transporters, sodium and proton ATPases and macroscopic effects of their activity. Water transport in roots was shown in full complexity with its links to ion transport systems and aquaporins. Nonconventional use of silicon particles as addition to fertilizers is a subject of a paper within the collection. We hope that the Book will be a good reading with excellent examples of modern research; we are also assured that the Book will stimulate the future interest in water and ion transport in plants
    Note: English
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783036548678 , 9783036548685
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Archaeometry and cultural heritage have lately taken advantage of developments in scientific techniques, offering valuable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation science, involving both instrumental and non-instrumental approaches. Among the possible techniques, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) has become one of the most applied techniques for cultural heritage elemental material characterization due to its user friendliness; fast, short acquisition times; portability; and most of all, its absolutely non-destructive nature. For this reason, besides being often a first choice for a preliminary overall materials investigation, XRF spectrometers and spectra data handling methods have continuously improved, giving rise to many variations of the same technique; portable spectrometers, micro-probes, and large area scanners are all variations of a very flexible technique. This Special Issue collects papers dealing with most of the analytical techniques related to XRF spectroscopy appropriate for applications to Cultural Heritage materials. We dedicate this Special Issue to the loving memory of Professor Mario Milazzo, a pioneer of Archaeometry in Italy, awarded in 2002 the Gold Medal for Culture by the Italian President. He is remembered as a generous and pleasant man with an insightful, logical mind, who was able to find an appropriate joke for every situation. Many of us following his footsteps in the research field of applied physics for Cultural Heritage still appreciate his vision, teaching, and impact on our lives
    Note: English
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783036544922 , 9783036544915
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: As everyone knows, cereal and oil are still the main part of our diet and provide essential nutrients and energy every day. With the progress of food processing technology, the quality of cereal and oil food is also improved significantly. Behind this, major nutrients of grain and oil, including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and functional components, have experienced a variety of physical, chemical, and biological reactions during food processing. Moreover, research in this field also covers the multi-scale structural changes of characteristic components, such as component interaction and formation of key domains, which is essential for the quality enhancement of cereal and oil food. Based on the increasing consumer demand for nourishing, healthy, and delicious cereal and oil food, it might be interesting to report the latest research on the application of novel technology in food processing, multi-scale structural changes of characteristic components in food processing, structure-activity mechanism of food functional components. This book aimed to provide useful reference and guidance for the processing and utilization of cereal and oil food so as to provide technical support for the healthy development of cereal a oil food processing industry wordwide
    Note: English
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783036551487 , 9783036551470
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (438 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: In the last three decades, fractional calculus has broken into the field of mathematical analysis, both at the theoretical level and at the level of its applications. In essence, the fractional calculus theory is a mathematical analysis tool applied to the study of integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order, which unifies and generalizes the classical notions of differentiation and integration. These fractional and derivative integrals, which until not many years ago had been used in purely mathematical contexts, have been revealed as instruments with great potential to model problems in various scientific fields, such as: fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, physics, biology, chemistry, dynamical systems, signal processing or entropy theory. Since the differential and integral operators of fractional order are nonlinear operators, fractional calculus theory provides a tool for modeling physical processes, which in many cases is more useful than classical formulations. This is why the application of fractional calculus theory has become a focus of international academic research. This Special Issue "Applied Mathematics and Fractional Calculus" has published excellent research studies in the field of applied mathematics and fractional calculus, authored by many well-known mathematicians and scientists from diverse countries worldwide such as China, USA, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Iran, Tunisia, South Africa, Albania, Thailand, Iraq, Egypt, Italy, India, Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Korea, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia
    Note: English
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783036550176 , 9783036550183
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved into a global pandemic, assessments of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients have presented health conditions including, in many cases, a mild to severe loss of smell and tasting abilities among patients. Initial work has shown short and likely longer term negative effects on the human senses, with some indications of effects on consumer preferences; however, as of yet, very little is known about the impacts on eating behaviours and consequent longer term effects on appetite. The aim of this Special Issue anthology was, for the first time, to bring together researchers with key insights into how COVID-19 has impacted appetite and eating behaviours from the fundamental to the applicable, as assessed by human sensory perception. Thus, research is included that explores various themes, from the basic effects on the senses, to changes in consumer preferences, all the way to how and why COVID-19 has changed consumer behaviours in relation to food and eating in the longer term. Overall, we wished to document and bring together key research in the sensory and consumer space with respect to COVID-19, with the overall aim to highlight and ensure this research has a lasting impact regarding future understandings of measures developed to help and treat people affected during the ongoing pandemic
    Note: English
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9783036550084 , 9783036550077
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Agriculture, as a production-oriented sector, entails energy as a substantial input by which global food security is ensured. Agricultural systems require energy for farm machinery and equipment; lighting; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC); food processing and preservation; fertilizer and chemical production; and water/wastewater treatment/application. Increasing agriculture mechanization mitigates conventional energy reserves that escalate greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.This book aims to offer energy-efficient and/or environment-friendly ways for the agriculture sector to achieve the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book provides cutting-edge research on next-generation agricultural technologies and applications to develop a sustainable solution for modern greenhouses, temperature/humidity control in agriculture, farm storage and drying, crop water requirements, agricultural built environment, and wastewater treatment
    Note: English
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783036548715 , 9783036548722
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: The management of wildlife populations and their habitats are interdisciplinary fields that encompass many scientific disciplines that also impact the lives of people. Therefore, these are truly applied sciences where human dimensions play an important role.This book highlights the importance of conducting rigorous studies to design and implement the effective management and restoration of wild populations and their habitats. A new paradigm in conservation is developing that goes beyond the boundaries of protected areas to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The 16 papers in this book, including reviews and a project report, cover a broad range of topics, exploring a diversity of subjects that are representative of current practices and novel applications.We would like to thank both the MDPI publishers and editorial staff for their support and help during the process of editing this book, in addition to the authors for their contributions
    Note: English
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783036551364 , 9783036551357
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (366 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The rising shortage of water resources in crop-producing regions worldwide and the need for irrigation optimisation call for sustainable water savings. The allocation of irrigation water will be an ever-increasing source of pressure because of vast agricultural demands under changing climatic conditions. Consequently, irrigation has to be closely linked with water-use efficiency with the aim of boosting productivity and improving food quality, singularly in those regions where problems of water shortages or collection and delivery are widespread. The present Special Issue (SI) showcases 19 original contributions, addressing water-use efficiency in the context of sustainable irrigation management to meet water scarcity conditions. These papers cover a wide range of subjects including (i) interaction mineral nutrition and irrigation in horticultural crops, (ii) sustainable irrigation in woody fruit crops, (iii) medicinal plants, (iv) industrial crops, and (v) other topics devoted to remote sensing techniques and crop water requirements, genotypes for drought tolerance, and agricultural management. The studies were carried out in both field and laboratory surveys, with modelling studies also being conducted, and a wide range of geographic regions are also covered. The collection of these manuscripts presented in this SI updates on and provides a relevant contribution for efficient saving water resources
    Note: English
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783036550244 , 9783036550237
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that regulate, in an antagonistic way, plant growth as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GA inhibit and promote, respectively, cell elongation and growth. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GA and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants.In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity or flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GA in the control of some biological processes in response to stress.The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants
    Note: English
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI Books
    ISBN: 9783036552361 , 9783036552354
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (776 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry
    Abstract: Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers
    Note: English
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