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  • Undetermined  (144)
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  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (144)
  • Physics  (144)
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  • Undetermined  (144)
  • French
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783036569581 , 9783036569598
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Functional inorganic materials are an indispensable part of innovative technologies that are essential to the development of many fields of industry. The use of new materials, nanostructures, or multicomponent composites with specific chemical or physical properties promotes technological progress in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and many other areas that are concerned with many aspects of human life. Due to the broad and diverse range of potential applications of functional inorganic materials, the development of superior synthesis pathways, their reliable characterization, and a deep understanding of the structure–property relationships in materials are rightfully considered to be fundamentally important scientific issues. Only synergetic efforts of scientists dealing with the synthesis, functionalization and characterization of materials will lead to the development of future technologies
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783036575513 , 9783036575506
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: In view of the general trend that the development of the global energy industry is oriented toward green, low-carbon, and efficient utilization, scientific research teams in various fields dominated by the coal industry have conducted much research on coal and coal-like materials by borrowing the technologies and concepts of modern materials science and rock mass mechanics, hoping to explore new directions for the high value-added utilization of structural coal resources and the development of new coal-like materials. On behalf of Materials, we invited you to contribute an original research article to a Special Issue on the microstructure, characterization, and mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials. This Special Issue aimed to showcase the latest scientific and technological achievements and cutting-edge test technologies in the study of coal and coal-like materials, with exploration of their structural change characteristics and mechanical properties under various influencing factors. Hot topics to be covered include: Analysis of mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials;Multiscale characterization of coal and coal-like materials;Development and utilization of coal resources with high added value;Void structure and seepage characteristics of coal and coal-like materials;Establishment of constitutive relationships
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  • 3
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573731 , 9783036573724
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Polymeric products made from petrochemical polymers are extremely stable in environmental conditions. After their exploitation, this becomes a serious problem for the environment. Most of the products made of plastic are stockpiled in landfills, and the decomposition time of such products is often several hundred years. The solution to this problem may be the use of biodegradable polymers derived from renewable materials, undergoing a process of biodegradation.Biodegradable polymers are distinctly different than regular polymers in material characteristics. Biodegradable polymers like any other polymer can be processed using conventional techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and compression molding. Furthermore using appropriate methods of modification, new or improved properties of materials can be obtained. However, the distinct narrow modification and processing window makes them a challenge to modify or process.Continuing technological progress in the modification and processing of biodegradable polymers leads not only to the enhancement of the product quality, but also to the reduction of their prices. As a result, biodebradable polymers may be used to produce both common-use articles or packaging materials, as well as more complex engineering applications.In this reprint, we aimed therefore to publish original work and reviews about the current trends and technologies for the modification and processing of biodegradable polymers and its composites aimed at improving their properties and extending the application possibilities
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  • 4
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572802 , 9783036572819
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This book focuses on the rapid development of the social economy which is accompanied by the continuous growth of energy demand, such as in the heavy industry, agriculture sector, and tourism sector. Meanwhile, large-scale energy consumption in the short term has increased the risk to the energy supply and ecological safety. This has contributed to the exploration and exploitation of energy supply risk management, carbon emission reduction, and renewable energy technological innovation, aiming to solve the bottlenecks in energy and environmental economics. Thus, this book aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modelling, and application of all types of energy and environmental economics
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  • 5
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036558295 , 9783036558301
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on recent aspects of gravitational theory and cosmology. It contains subjects of particular interest for modified gravity theories and applications to cosmology, special attention is given to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet, f(R)-gravity, anisotropic inflation, extra dimension theories of gravity, black holes, dark energy, Palatini gravity, anisotropic spacetime, Einstein–Finsler gravity, off-diagonal cosmological solutions, Hawking-temperature and scalar-tensor-vector theories
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783036563718 , 9783036563701
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems, and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications, such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain technology, and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above
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  • 7
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570228 , 9783036570235
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint considers studies related to the bone graft materials used for bone regeneration in dental and medical areas, and particularly studies on new development and development directions, such as synthetic bone and heterologous bone. Bone regeneration is one of the most important challenges in medicine. Previously, patients' autologous bones were collected and transplanted for bone regeneration, but this had many limitations. Many researchers are currently developing a method that surpasses the bone regeneration ability of an autologous bone, via the use of artificial bone or heterologous bone. By developing and commercializing more functional, more efficient graft materials, both medical standards and patients’ quality of life will be improved. This reprint reflects some of the related studies, but its greatest contribution to the field is its suggestions for future research and possible developments in this area
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783036576565 , 9783036576572
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Electric motors consume about 70% of industrial electricity and about 40%–45% of produced electricity in the world. This means that using high-efficiency electric motors will improve the level of energy consumption. In addition, it will reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment. Furthermore, it will significantly reduce the need for new power plants, thus reducing the invested resources to do so. Electric machines employing rare-earth magnets have higher efficiency and power density. However, rare-earth magnets are expensive, and their manufacturing process, as well as the process of mining rare-earth raw materials, is harmful to the environment. Thereby, the development of energy-efficient electric machines without rare-earth magnets is of great interest. The aim of this reprint was to gather new research publications in various topics related to improving the energy efficiency of electric machines without using rare-earth magnets. Ten articles have been published which cover various topics
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  • 9
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572024 , 9783036572031
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Quantum information and quantum computing are very rapidly developing research directions in recent years. This reprint introduces some of the latest developments in quantum theory, including basic physical theories such as quantum entanglement, and quantum information processing; and applications such as quantum secret key allocation, and several types of quantum algorithms. This reprint is suitable for some researchers or students to read
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  • 10
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036562872 , 9783036562889
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (424 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: With the second volume, we continue our mission to providing theoretical and experimental research that contribute new insights and practical findings in the field of crystal plasticity-related topics. Once again, a completely new set of 26 original works (including 22 research articles, 3 communications, and 1 review) has been collected. As in the case of the first volume, here, a full spectrum of topics belonging to the field of crystal plasticity is represented, including both numerical simulations and experimental works. By taking into account the investigated materials, the papers can be assigned to the following thematic groups: Steels and iron-based alloys; Non-ferrous alloys with fcc- (Ni- and Cu-based), or hcp crystal structure (Mg- and Ti-based). Other examples include Zirconium, Bi-Sn alloy, or polycarbonate resins; Multicomponent and high-entropy alloys; General theoretical studies on crystal plasticity. Specifically, the reprint should be interesting for students of material science and engineering, Ph.D. candidates, and researchers dealing with various theoretical and practical aspects of plastic deformation in crystalline materials
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  • 11
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036560472 , 9783036560489
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on studies dealing with bio-based materials and its contribution to a circular economy. Research dealing with recycling, waste conversion to bio-based products, the development of bio-based composites, and surface treatments on cellulose fibres have been included in this reprint
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  • 12
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565088 , 9783036565071
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint, as a continuation of a previous Special Issue entitled “Efficiency and Optimization of Buildings Energy Consumption”, gives an up-to-date overview of new technologies based on Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) procedures to improve the mathematical approach of algorithms that allow control systems to be improved with the aim of reducing housing sector energy consumption
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783036562490 , 9783036562506
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: In honor of Wojciech Zurek’s 70th birthday, this Special Issue is dedicated to recent advances in our understanding the emergence of classical reality, and pays tribute to Zurek’s seminal contributions to our understanding of the Universe. To this end, “Quantum Darwinism and Friends” collects articles that make sense of the apparent chasm between quantum weirdness and classical perception, and provides a snapshot of this fundamental, exciting, and vivid field of theoretical physics
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783036571348 , 9783036571355
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure, one of most famous nanomaterials in past decades, provides extensive and adaptive applications to wide communities include material, physics, daily-use chemical industry and medical societies. Controlled synthesis, advancing characterization tools, and endless healthcare from materials, drive rapid evolution of understanding and engineering on ZnO nanomaterials. Here, in this reprint, novel research articles and mini reviews are included with the focus on the novel synthesis, applications on the air and liquid purifications by using the photocatalytic merits of ZnO. Additionally, antibacterial performance from the ZnO nanostructures were demonstrated by these original contributions, which directs the new possibility from ZnO towards medical usage
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  • 15
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571119 , 9783036571102
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This volume collects the recent progress in cellulose-based hydrogels, including gels prepared from natural cellulose and its derivatives, cellulose graft co-polymers, and composite gels based on cellulose, covering key aspects of cellulose-based hydrogels, including design, characterization, as well as application-focused research
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  • 16
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569147 , 9783036569154
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Kinetic theory stems from statistical mechanics established at the mesoscopic scale. The numerical methods established on kinetic theory perform unique and important roles in almost all studies of fluid dynamics. This reprint reports the recent advances in this vibrant community. The development of kinetic theory-related numerical schemes and their applications to fluid dynamics problems are the main focus
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  • 17
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036555911 , 9783036555928
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint brings together many scientific contributions on current actinide research, both theoretical and experimental. Special attention is given to the theoretical modeling of the atomic spectra of actinides, the experimental study of their atomic and nuclear structure, and new developments in the production and spectroscopy of their elusive and rather exotic radionuclides
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  • 18
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574905 , 9783036574912
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The present text is an edited Special Issue in reprint form. This Special Issue took the opportunity to invite researchers to contribute their latest original research findings, which were either advances in the state-of-the-art of mathematical methods, theoretical studies, or experimental studies that extend the bounds of existing methodologies to new contributions, addressing current challenges and engineering problems on “Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering”. Although this reprint is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students and industrial researchers, and will assist in overcoming difficulties while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations of fluid mechanics, energy, heat transfer, steady and unsteady flow problems, nanofluids, thermodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, peristaltic and blood flow. For nonlinear and coupled differential equations, it is often more difficult to achieve an analytic solution or even a numerical one. This reprint has successfully handled this challenging task with the techniques reported within. In addition, the findings of the simulations are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value
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  • 19
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572581 , 9783036572598
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: In this Special Issue “2D Nanostructures for Optoelectronic and Green Energy Devices”, we have collected nine high-quality, original research papers and one comprehensive review paper by outstanding scientists and engineers from relevant fields, covering the topics in optical properties and couplings in 2D nanostructures, spectroscopic analysis in atomic scale, 2D transistors, 2D optoelectronics, and 2D energy storage applications. This Special Issue is expected to attract and enrich readers by providing innovative research articles and a review paper in the field of 2D nanostructures
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  • 20
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575254 , 9783036575247
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: This reprint contains the articles accepted for publication in the Special Issue of Micromachines (MDPI) on 'Micro/Nanophotonic Devices in Europe'. It aims at presenting an overview, limited but still representative, of the research in the field of photonics being carried out by European groups (often in collaboration with colleagues abroad). The reprint includes, among others, a review paper on photonic devices fabricated by Germanium implantation and two review articles illustrating the fundamentals of non-linear photonic phenomena and devices, and their main applications
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  • 21
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572482 , 9783036572499
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on radioactivity and applied research on the gamma irradiation of marjoram and the transfer of natural radionuclides to date palm plants. Sustainable techniques such as phytoremediation and bio-sorption were used in the treatment of radioactive waste, and sustainable materials were used in the immobilization of radioactive waste and radiation shielding. Natural radioactivity was investigated in common construction materials
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  • 22
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036578668 , 9783036578675
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the recent advances in fluid power technology reporting results in a wide range of applications. Studies concerning the developments of pumps both at constant and variable displacement are reported. Analyses are focused on the improvement of efficiency, control, design and pressure ripple reduction. About fluid power, several applications are investigated with the aim of reducing energy losses, in particular implementations in an excavator, a hybrid transmission and a system for agricultural solutions are described. Applications are studied focusing also on the effects of a particular load holding valve, and facing the relevant aspects of the condition monitoring, failure modes and effects analysis. The fluid power covers a very wide range of application as demonstrated by the paper concerning an exoskeleton device. Finally, a particular application concerning a gas pressure regulator with lower noise emission is reported
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  • 23
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593005 , 9783036593012
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (402 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Hydrogen provides a promising technological solution for storing and delivering energy with minimal to no greenhouse gas emissions. It complements other energy storage options, such as batteries. Consequently, the global hydrogen industry is experiencing rapid growth to support the ambitious emission reduction targets set by countries worldwide. In tandem with this industry’s growth, the research and innovation landscape in the hydrogen sector is evolving at a swift pace. These advancements are integral to fortifying the nascent hydrogen industry and its associated market. The hydrogen value chain encompasses multiple facets, including hydrogen production, transportation, storage, distribution, and utilization. Sustainability is paramount across all these dimensions, playing a pivotal role in seamlessly integrating hydrogen into our energy matrix as a viable and value-adding alternative. This reprint contains scientific papers that present recent studies covering various aspects of hydrogen technology, offering insights into different components of its value chain, touching on topics related to hydrogen economy, laws and policies, electrolysis, biohydrogen production, liquid hydrogen and solid-state hydrogen storage. Additionally, these studies explore various types of fuel cells, ranging from solid oxide and direct methanol cells to airborne fuel cells and PEM cells. These studies also touch upon catalysts, the utilization of waste heat from fuel cells, water recovery processes and the establishment of hydrogen fueling stations, among other critical topics
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  • 24
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036594569 , 9783036594576
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: To accelerate the potential applications, various works focused on the physical and chemical characteristics through theory, experiments, and simulations of advanced energetic materials (AEMs), including nano-scale energetic materials (nEMs) and micro-scale energetic materials (mEMs). This Special Issue collected comprehensive knowledge on materials synthesis, characterization, combustion, mechanical, detonation, and safety. This Special Issue, Advanced Energetic Materials: Testing and Modeling, explores innovative EMs and EMs ingredients and formulations tests and models. It collected contributions covering recent progress and models of energetic materials in chemical propulsion. Attention was focused on the design, model, properties, and state-of-the-art of this class of thermochemical propulsion devices. A total of 13 papers were selected for publication after a standard peer review process, which summarizes the most recent achievements of famous research groups. Participation of young authors with novel/innovative concepts was especially encouraged, of course, with the assistance of their supervisors
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  • 25
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036590318 , 9783036590301
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Over the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices. Fibers of renewable origin have many advantages. They are abundant and cheap, have a reduced impact on the environment, and are independent from fossil resources. Their ability to mechanically reinforce thermoplastic matrices is well known, as is their natural heat insulation ability. The matrices can themselves be of renewable origin (e.g., proteins, thermoplastic starch, poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, etc.), thus contributing to the development of 100% bio-based composites with a controlled end of life.This Special Issue, “Natural Fiber Based Composites”, provides an inventory of the latest research in the area of composites reinforced with natural and wood fibers, focusing particularly on the preparation and molding processes of such materials (e.g., extrusion, injection molding, hot pressing, 3D printing, etc.) and their characterizations. It contains one review and ten research reports authored by researchers from three continents and eleven countries, namely China, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Yemen
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  • 26
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593838 , 9783036593821
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Nanofluid flows are characterized by intricate and multi-level physics, which has led to substantial study from both fundamental and practical viewpoints. This collection examines the progress made in modeling and experimental methods used to study nanofluids. It specifically focuses on how these nanofluids might be used to tackle thermal challenges in renewable energy systems. The phenomenon of improving heat transfer via the use of nanofluids is well recognized; however, further research is necessary to comprehensively comprehend the interplay between nanoparticles and base fluids, as well as their influence on heat convection. Furthermore, the extensive use of nanofluids in solar thermal, geothermal, heat storage, and heat recovery systems has not been thoroughly investigated. The current difficulty is in creating precise and economical computational methods to forecast the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. This requires thorough experimental investigations at the system level. This edition highlights the significant contribution of nanofluid heat transfer in promoting carbon-free thermal technology and supporting the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, in line with the worldwide effort to decarbonize the energy sector
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  • 27
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591230 , 9783036591223
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (390 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Astronomy, space & time
    Abstract: Active B-type stars are defined by their characteristic emission formed in a dense environment. Among them are the classical Be stars, which are surrounded by ionized gaseous disks, and B[e] stars, whose disks are so dense that even molecules and dust can form within them. The variability of active B-type stars seen on various time and spatial scales is often connected to the formation and dissipation of these disks. Although the possible roles of radiation, rotation, pulsation, and binarity in pulling material off the stars have been explored in detail in the past few decades, the relevant physical processes involved in the formation of sustainable disks and their dynamical evolution are still unclear and a matter of debate.This Special Issue intends to provide a comprehensive update on the state of knowledge in the field of active B-type stars. It combines reviews and selected contributions on recent groundbreaking advancements in the comprehension of these peculiar objects from both a theoretical and an observational perspective. These new insights form the basis for exploring complex physical phenomena to verify the different scenarios proposed for the evolution and variability of stars and their circumstellar environment of the diverse classes of active B-type stars
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9783036591735 , 9783036591728
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint covers the following topics in the field of smart grids: 1. Optimal dg location and sizing to minimize losses and improve the voltage profile using garra rufa optimization. 2. Solar and wind energy forecasting for the green and intelligent migration of traditional energy sources. 3. Optimized micro-grid’s operation with electrical-vehicle-based hybridized sustainable algorithm. 4. The detection of nontechnical losses in smart meters using a MLP-GRU deep model and augmenting data via theft attacks. 5. A hybrid deep-learning-based model for the detection of electricity losses using big data in power systems. 6. Load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in a multi-area interconnected power system using nature-inspired computation-based control methodology. 7. Line overload alleviations in wind energy integrated power systems using automatic generation control. 8. Electric price and load forecasting using a CNN-based ensembler in a smart grid. 9. Day-ahead energy forecasting in a smart grid considering the demand response and microgrids. 10. A dragonfly optimization algorithm for extracting the maximum power of grid-interfaced pv systems. 11. An economic load dispatch problem with multiple fuels and valve point effects using a hybrid genetic–artificial fish swarm algorithm. 12. Incentive-based dynamic pricing in a smart grid
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  • 29
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592688 , 9783036592695
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The use of polymer thin films is currently implemented in almost every aspect of modern life due to their cost-efficiency, lightness, flexibility, and unique physical and chemical properties. The reason for focusing research into polymer thin films is to understand their thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms, such as interfacial interactions, flow behavior, film formation, relationships between deposition process parameters and the film structure, and other advanced functional properties. Thin polymer film research focuses on a wide range of industrial applications, including energy technologies, optics, sensors, microelectronics, medicine, biotechnology, etc. This Special Issue highlights and discusses studies on the formation of polymer films, their morphological analysis, and their use in various applications, including sensors, antifouling coatings, and coatings for harnessing solar energy. In addition, this Special Issue also includes two review papers on the latest research on polymer-waveguide-based optical sensors and the integration of antifouling and anti-cavitation coatings on propellers
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  • 30
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592527 , 9783036592534
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on recent developments in laser measurement technologies and innovative applications. Laser-based measurement and sensing technologies have attracted growing attention due to their advantages of high sensitivity and fast responses. Their applications include industrial production, substance analysis, environmental monitoring, and more. In recent years, with the development of laser source and measurement approaches, many new technologies or applications of laser measurement and sensing have appeared. The topics of this reprint include laser measurement and sensing, micro- and nano-photoelectric measurement, the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, structured light measurement, and so on
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  • 31
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591827 , 9783036591834
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Renewable energy resources are used as distributed generation (DG) units and installed near to where the energy is converted and consumed. Further, the integration of renewable energy sources at home is very important. IoT helps smart grids to support various network functions throughout the generation, distribution, and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smart meters), as well as by providing connectivity, automation, and tracking for such devices. For these applications, the use of low-power long-range wireless networks (LPWAN) is fundamental to facilitate all the necessary tasks in the smart grids in City 4.0 and Industry 4.0. The integration of renewable energies (photovoltaic solar, wind energy, biomass energy, hydroelectric energy, and other sources) in smart grids implies the monitoring of households, cities, industries, and electric vehicles at all times. In this sense, the development of monitoring and control applications using mobile devices is a fundamental tool in this type of system, which complements all the possibilities offered by the IoT. Smart energy meters are used to allow for communication between consumers and utility command centers to exchange messages about electrical consumption. Thus, it is essential to have access from any location and instant access to information using mobile devices or computers
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9783036593548 , 9783036593555
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Astronomy, space & time
    Abstract: In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration successfully imaged the first supermassive black hole (M87*), opening a new era in detailed study of these exotic objects. By sharply enhancing the capabilities of black hole imaging, the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) is poised to again revolutionize our view of horizon-scale physics. The ngEHT will enable the first movies of black hole accretion, produce high-dynamic-range images that connect black holes directly to their galactic-scale relativistic jets, and bring into range a larger population of black holes and explosive transients to explore. This Special Issue develops the key science drivers and architecture of the ngEHT. The contributions sharpen the ngEHT scientific vision and implementation by illuminating and proposing new possibilities in the following areas: Fundamental physics; Black holes and their cosmic context; Accretion; Jet launching; Transients and impulsive phenomena; Algorithms and inference; History, philosophy, and cultural implications of building new instruments in the current era; Advances in submillimeter VLBI instrumentation; VLBI array design and optimization
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  • 33
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036590912 , 9783036590905
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES), also known as heat storage systems, is a technology that accumulates energy when production exceeds demand so that the stored energy can be used later. The stored energy can be used at the user’s request for heating and cooling applications or for power generation. TES systems are commonly seen in buildings and industrial processes. On the other hand, conversion and storage, such as solar and wind energy, help to further increase the share of renewables in the energy mix. TES is becoming crucial for electricity storage in combination with solar power, whereby solar heat can be stored for electricity production when sunlight is absent. This is a Special Issue dedicated to recent advances in thermal energy storage and energy conversion technologies. All types of research approaches are compiled in this Special Issue: experimental, theoretical, computational, and their mixtures; papers are both of fundamental and applied nature, including industrial case studies
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783036589534 , 9783036589527
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint is focused on analyzing modern trends and recent advances in the synthesis of new metal-based composite materials. Such composites are increasingly used in civil, automotive, and aerospace engineering, shipbuilding, robotics, nuclear power, portable energy devices, biomedicine, electronic devices, and portable aircraft. Non-ferrous metals are often used as the matrix of composites, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and their alloys can act as modifiers with boron, carbon structures, borides, carbides, nitrides, and oxides of refractory metals and high-strength steel. For high-temperature composites, tungsten or molybdenum fibers are used. Despite the large number of scientific works, new methods for the synthesis of such composites in order to improve and optimize their structure and properties are still needed. In this regard, completed works of experimental and theoretical orientation, aimed at the development and optimization of methods for the synthesis of composite materials, as well as the search for new materials, were welcomed for inclusion in this reprint
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  • 35
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565521 , 9783036565538
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: This reprint is focuses on how recent urbanization processes modifies the organization and management of the land uses at integrated rural areas in peri-urban and intra-metropolitan areas at local, national, and global levels. The Guest Editors expect that this reprint could serve to provide some answers regarding the impacts of urbanization on rural areas
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  • 36
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036583327 , 9783036583334
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Understanding the interconnection between energy, the environment, and the economy is critical in contemporary society. The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and the environment has garnered significant attention from researchers and policymakers alike, and understanding the underlying causal connection between energy and the economy is crucial for modeling effective environmental and growth policies. Moreover, the emergence of new energy and environmental policies would create a plethora of further research opportunities in this evolving climate regime. For instance, several countries prioritize projects focused on energy efficiency, as they are considered low-risk, no-regret options that may yield economic benefits. In a nutshell, this Special Issue aims to address a gap in the existing literature by providing an in-depth analysis of the interplay between energy, the environment, and the economy, emphasizing the exploration of the potential environmental impacts of energy consumption and economic growth
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  • 37
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036581200 , 9783036581217
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Fibrous composites are one type of high-performance composite material featuring the presence of fiber-like reinforcement impregnated with different matrix bases, which have taken a prominent position in diverse engineering applications because of their unique mechanical/physical properties and outstanding structural functions. Manufacturing is a critical procedure to ensure the target dimensions and desired quality of fibrous composites. This involves technical issues frequently encountered in the fabrication, processing, and machining of these composite materials. To date, great endeavors have been made in the past few decades to address manufacturing issues associated with the engineering applications of fibrous composites. Precision manufacturing of these advanced composites has thus become a hot research topic in both academia and industry. Recent advances have been achieved covering both experimental and numerical investigations of manufacturing science and technology of fibrous composites. This Special Issue sought to report the latest research findings achieved by scholars worldwide focusing on the manufacturing science of fibrous composites for engineering applications. Well-organized papers covering both experimental and numerical studies of fabricating, processing, and machining fibrous composites were all welcomed. It was our hope that this Special Issue will provide a platform for academic and industrial researchers to share and disseminate their original research results on all manufacturing aspects of fibrous composites
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  • 38
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036583679 , 9783036583662
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This volume presents eleven original and experimental research studies and review works on current challenges and trends in magnetic materials, thin films, and nanostructures, with a special focus on the design, synthesis, and characterization of various types of magnetic materials, and the study of their structure–property relationships. The developments in new experimental concepts and their state-of-the-art results, which can lead to the transfer, chemical transformation, and high-resolution patterning of advanced thin films and nanomaterials and to the design and fabrication of devices, are also presented and discussed
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  • 39
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036582146 , 9783036582153
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a complimentary work of over 70 scholars from various countries, including Poland, Ukraine, and the Czech Republic. The issues analyzed in the 16 articles primarily focus on energy generation in rural areas, particularly in the agricultural sector. They examine specific crops or livestock production and range from case studies of individual countries to the level of the European Union. Published works collectively review the economic and environmental issues of energy generation. These include the potential of agricultural production to serve as a resource for bio-energy generation, the economic and energy efficiency of farms and rural residential housing, and the impact of agricultural production on greenhouse gas emissions. They also explore the possibility for farms to achieve energy self-sufficiency, as well as the progress and gaps in the development of renewable energy generation
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  • 40
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036581620 , 9783036581637
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The field of material science and engineering has witnessed a surge of interest in the development of novel xerogels—solid materials derived from gels—for a wide range of applications. Despite potential shrinkage, xerogels possess remarkable properties, including high porosity and a large surface area, owing to the interconnected network of pores formed during drying. Consequently, xerogels find valuable applications as catalysts, adsorbents, sensors, membranes, and drug delivery systems. The ability to conveniently control the structures and morphologies of xerogels during synthesis has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. In light of these considerations, this Special Issue of Gels compiles high-quality papers that showcase the latest advancements and breakthroughs in xerogel science, covering various aspects from design to application. Both theoretical and experimental cutting-edge studies exploring the structural, chemical, rheological, and dynamical properties of xerogels and their derivatives are included in this collection
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  • 41
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566306 , 9783036566313
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (436 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Given the current growth in global challenges, the need for smart agriculture practices and effective strategies is emerging as an imminent issue at a planetary scale. Agriculture 4.0 involves a large variety of mobile apps, web applications, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and platforms, drones, robots, and smart machinery for precision agriculture. The expansion of cloud technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and big data collection are setting the stage for Agriculture 5.0. Agriculture science and natural sciences are further promoting this trend with the development of leading-edge scientific models and platforms, including stochastic, process-based, and data-driven machine learning modeling. This Special Issue covers the most recent and up-to-date progress in all aspects of internet and computer software applications in agriculture, focusing on the development of web applications and mobile apps, smart IoT devices and platforms, AI, ML and DL solutions in precision agriculture for detection, recognition, classification, monitoring, cultivation, harvesting, and marketing; development of cloud technologies for smart agriculture; computer and machine vision methods and applications for drones and smart machinery, and sensors for field operations; diagnostics and data collection; big data science; scientific process-based and stochastic modeling; and machine learning modeling for agriculture, agroecosystems and natural ecosystems. The research in this Special Issue will contribute to the promotion of modern agriculture practices in the current climate and in the future
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9783036530260 , 9783036530277
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint includes impactful chapters related to document-image related visual sensing, which do present and comprehensively discuss selected scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques. Indeed, document imaging/scanning approaches are essential techniques for digitalizing documents in various real-world contexts. This reprint emerging from the Special Issue "Document-Image Related Visual Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques” can be viewed as a result of the crucial need for document management systems. Such technologies are being applied in various fields or different domains and parts of the world to address relevant challenges that could not be addressed without the advances made in these technologies. The reprint includes impactful chapters that present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and innovative ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques to overcome a series of key challenges related to document imaging/scanning, text detection, text recognition, and documents clustering
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  • 43
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579894 , 9783036579887
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The fields of quantum electronics (e.g., quantum dots and superconducting circuits) and optoelectronics have garnered much interest in the past few years. They deal with quantum and optical platforms in combination with electronic and condensed matter systems, which may serve as building blocks for a plethora of applications in quantum computing and optical technology.In this reprint, we reprint the articles of the Special Issue "Quantum and Optoelectronic Devices, Circuits and Systems", published in Electronics (MDPI)
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  • 44
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567105 , 9783036567112
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint is a collection of recent advanced studies in the field of heat and fluid flow in porous media. The pore size of the studied porous media in this reprint starts from a nanoscale, and the applications include the drying process of materials such as clay and lentil grain as well as the enhancement of heat transfer by using high thermal conductive porous media such as metal foams and stacked woven wire mesh. The use of a suitable porous structure for helium gas cooling under high heat flux conditions of a nuclear fusion divertor is an interesting application of porous structures for heat transfer enhancement, which is discussed in this reprint. A method for the trade-off thermo-hydrodynamic performance of a porous medium, which is an important issue for heat transfer enhancement, is also discussed. In the performed numerical studies, different methods such as finite volume method, lumped analysis and molecular dynamics are employed. Heat and mass transfer in structural ceramic blocks is analyzed by an analytical and phenomenological approach. All chapters of this reprint are advanced studies including wide application areas of porous media as well as interesting computational models that are useful for the researchers in the field of “Heat Transfer in Porous Media”
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  • 45
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577722 , 9783036577739
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Energy and its economic implications have been in the spotlight of policymakers, academics, traders, speculators and the industry for decades now. It has been an active research topic for more than 150 years. From the 19th century, the problem of creating, processing, storing and transporting energy was well defined. The issues of efficiently producing, pricing, distributing, and forecasting the demand, supply and prices of energy-related products and services are central to most modern economies irrespective of their level of development. These issues are apparent in times of relative tranquility in the respective markets but become central for all stakeholders in times of turbulence. This volume focuses on emerging methodologies of analysis, description, modelling, and forecasting in the topical area of Energy Economics. Includes emerging and innovative methodological approaches from the areas of machine learning, artificial intelligence, econometrics, and statistics aimed to model, describe or forecast the energy markets at all levels. Additionally, the volume also presents a bibliographical review, summarizes and compares results of different studies in the energy-sustainable economic growth and development nexus. The practical importance of the results to all energy market stakeholders in terms of regulating, pricing, and distributing energy is evident. Theoretical robustness, methodological innovation, and possible direct applicability of the conclusions were the basic requirements for research work to be included in this publication
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  • 46
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036563671 , 9783036563664
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Recently, aluminium scandium nitride (AlScN) emerged as a material with superior properties compared to aluminium nitride (AlN). Substituting Al with Sc in AlN leads to a dramatic increase in the piezoelectric coefficient as well as in electromechanical coupling. This discovery finally allowed us to overcome the limitations of AlN thin films in various piezoelectric applications while still enabling us to benefit from all of the advantages of the parent material system, such as a high temperature stability, CMOS compatibility, and good mechanical properties. Potential applications include RF filters (bulk acoustic wave (BAW) or surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators), energy harvesting, sensing applications, and infra-red detectors. The recent progress in MOCVD- and MBE-grown AlScN has led to high-frequency and -power electronics, (high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs)). AlScN is the first wurtzite III-nitride where ferroelectric switching was observed, allowing for many new possible applications in semiconductor memories additionally, it enables the additional functionality of switching to applications where piezoelectric materials are already in use. This Special Issue was very successful in covering all of the main aspects of AlScN research, including its growth, the fundamental and application-relevant properties, and device fabrication and characterization. We can see that AlScN technology is mature enough to be utilized in wafer-level material development and complicated devices, but there is still much to discover in terms of deposition process control, anisotropy, and, in particular, ferroelectric behavior
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589558 , 9783036589541
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Energy plays a decisive role in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as employment growth, industry, innovation, and infrastructure, sustainable cities and communities, clean energy, and climate change. This reprint, titled “Recent Advancements in Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Power Technology”, presents significant works in the field of solar photovoltaic systems and critical issues in solar power generation technology, as well as the latest achievements and current problems in solar power generation technology and proposing corresponding solutions to key technical challenges in the utilization of solar power, pointing out future directions for achieving the SDGs through solar power generation technology.This reprint provides a variety of comprehensive reviews on solar power generation technologies like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, power electronic converter topologies, and parameter estimation of PV cells. Along with reviews, this book also outlines the latest developments in the field of MPPTs, converters, cooling systems, rooftop, as well as grid-connected PV systems. This reprint will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.This reprint includes three reviews and twelve articles focused on solar photovoltaic power technology
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  • 48
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036577746 , 9783036577753
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems
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  • 49
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579832 , 9783036579825
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Einstein’s theory of gravitation is perhaps one of the best-established theories ever conceived. However, it is based on the hypothesis that space–time carries curvature alone, leaving torsion out. Because torsion is a natural part of the most general geometric background in which Einstein gravity is built, it is all too natural that the torsional completion of gravity should be considered. Constructing an underlying stage in which both curvature and torsion are present, the fact that curvature couples with energy suggests that torsion may couple with spin, which is the other conserved quantity in quantum field theory. Torsion–gravity with spinning matter is, therefore, a complete and self-consistent setting for modern physics, with potential applications wherever spin effects may be important, stretching from quantum mechanics to the standard models of particle physics and early cosmology. However, this fact is not as present in today’s literature as it might be. The scope of the present collection of papers is to consolidate the wisdom of various experts in the field so as to clarify the present status of torsion in gravity and spin in quantum field theory
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    ISBN: 9783036578118 , 9783036578101
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The use of composite materials is ubiquitous in every field of human activities, including in the agricultural, industrial, environmental, biomedical and transport sectors. After a pandemic with the simultaneous unfolding of an energy and climatic crisis, we now realize how necessary it is to carry out studies on composite materials based on polymers to positively affect our current society and, in particular, future generations.To this aim, in the present selection of scientific articles we have given visibility to worthy contributions on a wide variety of topics, highlighting how essential plastic-based composite materials and their derivatives are in our daily lives. The articles in this Special Issue were wide-ranging and devoted to the properties and characterization of composites for innovative and strategic applications and, more generally, for the development of the chemical–physical properties of these materials
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036579108 , 9783036579115
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue focuses on recent technology developments in the measurement of the thermal conductivity/diffusivity of micro/nanoscale materials, including 2D materials, micro/nanoscale wires/fibers, and nanostructured materials. Techniques such as photothermal, transient electrothermal, and energy transport state-resolved Raman have been reviewed in great detail
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  • 52
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575445 , 9783036575452
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and resources. We consume more resources than the planet can generate, and growing rates of pollution and waste only worsen the problem. In this context, globally, a significant number of frameworks and programs on sustainable consumption and production have been introduced. Most of them concern the environmentally sound management of energy and raw materials and all wastes throughout their life cycle; the substantially reduce of waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse; the adoption of sustainable practices and the integration of sustainability information into their reporting cycle; the promotion of procurement practices that are sustainable; the enhancement of scientific and technological capacity intending to more sustainable patterns of consumption and production etc. This reprint“ Sustainable Production and Environmentally Responsible Consumption” takes a broad view of all these issues and aimed to inform about ways contributing to sustainable consumption and production by reducing our environmental impact, promoting the use of renewable sources of energy and encouraging responsible purchasing decisions
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036580807 , 9783036580814
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint collects papers addressing valuable techniques to improve the efficiency and performance of power electronics when applied to power grids and electrical drives. The proposed techniques leverage several approaches, e.g., advanced converter topologies, innovative control algorithms, and wide bandgap power devices. Diverse application domains were covered: interfacing Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) with AC or DC microgrids; recharging ESSs in electric vehicles; increasing performance in variable speed electrical drives and direct online induction motors; applying electrical loss minimization techniques to microgrids based on RESs. After a short description of each contribution, some perspectives for future developments are also briefly given
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9783036595528 , 9783036595535
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (750 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; photovoltaic and thermal solar energy ; wind energy ; artificial intelligence applied to clean energy systems ; microgrids ; energy storage in batteries: lead&ndash ; acid, lithium-ion, nickel&ndash ; cadmium, flow batteries, others ; control of electrical systems ; renewable energies
    Abstract: The global transition toward a renewable energy-centric energy matrix represents a focal point of interest for the international community in the pursuit of mitigating environmental pollution and combating climate change. This reprint advocates for the proposition of technologically advanced solutions, emphasizing heightened efficiency, superior energy integration, and cost-effectiveness. Such advancements are poised to accelerate the widespread adoption of renewable energies, thereby propelling collective endeavors towards sustainable development. Within the intricate framework of energy systems, energy storage stands as a cornerstone, providing indispensable attributes such as continuity, stability, and security of service. The seamless integration of energy storage systems into renewable energy technologies emerges as a pivotal imperative. This strategic integration addresses the challenge of intermittency, ensuring prolonged utilization of renewable sources and contributing significantly to the decarbonization of both centralized and distributed electrification systems. This reprint amalgamates pioneering research, offering a scholarly foundation that will propel the sustainable development of energy storage integration. Positioned as a valuable resource, it informs decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, steering them towards a more resilient and environmentally conscious energy landscape
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    ISBN: 9783036595191 , 9783036595184
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics ; acousto-optics ; phased-array piezoelectric transducers ; acousto-optic materials ; anisotropic Bragg diffraction ; acousto-optic devices ; spectral imaging ; acousto-optic interaction ; image quality ; confocal scheme ; collimating scheme ; AOTF spectrometer ; in situ measurement ; lunar surface ; terahertz radiation ; diffraction ; liquefied inert gas ; transparent electrode ; mesh structure ; sheet resistance ; transparency ; groove ; lithography ; chemical deposition ; shielding efficiency ; acousto-optic crystals ; propagation of acoustic waves ; non-destructive testing ; impulse acoustic microscopy ; AOTF ; AutoML ; feature wavelength selection ; near infrared detection system ; aberrations ; coordinate mapping ; figure of merit ; monoclinic crystal ; potassium rare-earth tungstate ; two-dimensional phononic crystals ; fused silica ; finite element method ; polarization of acoustic waves ; acousto–optic interaction ; acousto-optic ; tunable filter ; surface plasmon resonance ; surface electromagnetic wave spectroscopy ; thin film thickness ; wavelength and angular interrogation ; refractive index sensing ; AOTF spectral imager ; geometric calibration of AO crystal ; spectral response ; imaging aberrations ; tuning curve ; acousto-optic interaction geometry ; polar angular analysis ; tolerance analysis ; spectral imaging system ; polarization multiplexed ; high throughput ; color reproduction ; spectral power distribution ; Bragg diffraction ; multi-wavelength light filtration ; image processing
    Abstract: Acousto-optic technologies have increasingly attracted the attention of scientists and engineers. Acousto-optic interactions have become the flexible basis of compact and robust devices for the analysis of the intensity, spectrum, polarization, and other properties of light. In this book, modern trends of acousto-optical spectral technologies, including the fundamentals and optimization of existing techniques, are highlighted and discussed. This reprint provides a forum for reports on technical developments that allow the spectral analysis of various objects to take place. The goal of this reprint is to provide readers with an overview of the hot topics and the state of the art regarding the applications of acousto-optic techniques, including new materials and structures, theoretical and experimental studies of light diffraction by ultrasonic waves, spectroscopy, and spectral imaging
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592312 , 9783036592305
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Romanian nearshore ; EEZ ; ERA5 ; water depth ; energy resources ; offshore wind turbines ; offshore wind ; technical analysis ; economic analysis ; Philippines ; European seas ; sea state conditions ; wind climate ; wave climate ; statistical analysis ; solar farm siting ; assessment criteria ; entropy weight method ; AHP ; TOPSIS ; wave power ; wave energy converters (WECs) ; Galician coast ; SWAN ; wave-energy converter array ; interconnected model ; model predictive control ; hardware-in-the-loop ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; heaving point-absorber WEC ; WEC array ; WECfarm ; physical modelling ; real-time control ; MATLAB-Simulink ; heaving point absorber WEC ; system identification (SID) ; solar radiation ; marine renewable energy ; floating solar panels (FPV) ; sustainability ; wave energy converter ; floating flapping-panel ; slope ; hydrodynamic performance ; n/a
    Abstract: Taking into account the increasing general concern related to the necessity of reducing CO2 emissions, a very important aspect of this topic refers to the green energy sector. In this vein, the present Special Issue is focused on the area of Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE). This Special Issue contains valuable works related to ORE
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036588841 , 9783036588858
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research and information: general ; Physics ; natural gas hydrate ; deep-water hydrocarbon ; geochemical characteristics
    Abstract: This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of both new discoveries and methods related to nature hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon. This reprint contains the advanced methods used in natural gas hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon exploration. Its scope ranges from the East China Sea to the South China Sea and the Southeastern India Ocean. The reprint particularly focuses on the many innovative technical developments that have emerged in this field, and explores the various ways we may achieve renewable energy integration. The reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the challenges and opportunities associated with natural gas hydrate and deep-water hydrocarbon exploration
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596334 , 9783036596327
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Research and information: general ; Physics ; glass ; glass-ceramic ; microstructure ; sealant ; SOFC ; boron coatings ; electron beam deposition ; fore-vacuum electron source ; film properties ; electron beam modification ; pressureless sintering ; composite ceramics ; electron beam ; electron-beam irradiation ; sintering ; conduction activation energy ; Al2O3-Cr ; thermal conductivity ; electrical conductivity ; forevacuum pressure region ; electron-beam evaporation ; fore-vacuum pressure range ; beam plasma ; coating deposition ; metal-ceramic coatings ; thermal barrier coatings ; atmospheric plasma spray ; suspension plasma spray ; thermal properties ; active thermography ; CrN coating ; X42Cr13 tool steel ; duplex treatment ; high-temperature nitriding ; scratch test ; wear test ; damage mechanism ; diluted magnetic semiconductor ; TM doping ; sputtering ; magnetic properties ; optical band gap ; resistivity ; multilayer DLC coating ; CrN interlayer ; nitriding ; reciprocating wear test ; tensile adhesion strength ; plasma spray coating ; MgAl2O4 ; Al2O3 ; FEA ; plasma electrolytic oxidation ; aluminum ; coating ; technological process ; experiment planning ; microhardness ; wear and tear ; cone-likeness ; friction heat resistance of materials ; carbon nanotubes ; TiC coating ; hot deformation ; aluminum matrix composite ; compression ; properties ; flow stress ; thermal fracture ; system of cracks ; functionally graded coatings ; fracture toughness ; rule of mixtures ; hard coatings ; high temperature ; HiPIMS ; wear resistance ; oxidation ; tribolayer ; flame-spraying ; fracture statistics ; QQ analysis ; Weibull distribution ; Gamma distribution ; structure-phase state ; multilayer coatings ; grain size ; curvature torsion ; phase transition ; thermal cyclic resistance ; AlCrSiN ; quaternary coating ; WC-Co ; cBN ; nano-indentation ; microscratch ; adhesion strength
    Abstract: This edition includes sixteen publications covering various applications in the field of ceramic coatings. This Issue features ceramic coatings developed through plasma spraying, magnetron sputtering, and plasma-electrolytic oxidation. It is appropriate for graduate students, scientists, and engineers interested in corrosion and wear-resistant high-temperature coatings for industrial applications
    Note: English
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  • 59
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596105 , 9783036596112
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; titanium ; surface modification ; surface topographies ; multifunctional surfaces ; metamaterials ; 4D printing ; ZK60 magnesium ; micro-arc oxidation ; atmospheric plasma spraying ; corrosion ; additive manufacturing ; porous titanium ; implant coatings ; antibacterial agent ; laser cladding ; Ca/P bio-ceramic coating ; biocompatibility ; bioactivity ; wear resistance ; magnetite ; conversion coating ; optimization ; invitro cytotoxicity ; beta titanium alloy ; elastic modulus ; corrosion property ; osseointegration ; Ti-matrix composites (TMCs) ; graphene oxide (GO) ; mechanical properties ; reinforcement ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; femtosecond laser processing ; functional surfaces ; application ; composite ; 3D printing ; bioresorbable Fe-Cu-hydroxyapatite composite ; titanium alloy ; phosphate layer ; biomaterial ; zinc phosphate ; scholzite ; PVA films ; boric acid ; polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride ; antimicrobial properties ; surface treatment ; titanium alloys ; microstructure ; physicochemical properties
    Abstract: Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials used to manufacture implants to replace lost or diseased biological structures in order to restore form and function. Biomaterials that require long-term service, such as orthopedic implants, need good physical and chemical stability, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys. The application of metal in biomedicine is becoming more and more common, but due to its various limitations, it is often necessary to modify its surface to obtain better performance and better clinical application. There are many technologies for the surface modification of medical metals, such as laser surface modification, chemical treatment, plasma surface modification, etc., and these technologies are still being developed to meet market demand. This reprint will provide important contributions related to the announced topics, focusing on biomedical metals and the surface modification technologies of biomedical metals
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036595818 , 9783036595801
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Research and information: general ; Physics ; Si ; MnO2 ; rGO ; sea urchin-like structure ; lithium-ion battery ; high performance ; silica-based anode ; Ketjen Black ; electrochemical properties ; pseudocapacitor ; carbon nanotube ; polyaniline ; fractional-order circuit model ; memory effect ; fractional derivative ; zinc-ion batteries ; conducting polymers ; zinc-ion diffusion ; metal–organic framework ; supercapacitors ; energy density ; specific capacitance ; stability ; self-powered ; wearable flexible sensor ; energy harvesting ; human motion monitoring ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; NiMoO4@MnCo2O4 ; microstructure ; electrochemical performance ; cycling stability ; semiconductor superlattice ; dielectric capacity ; energy storage ; first-principles calculation ; supercapacitor ; organic crosslinked polymer ; porous carbon ; electrochemistry ; α-Fe2O3@MnO2 ; electrode materials ; flexibility ; hydrogen generation ; porous titanium oxide cage ; PtNi nanoparticles ; sodium borohydride hydrolysis ; NaBH4 ; graphene oxide ; catalytic activity ; hydrolysis ; aqueous zinc ion battery ; transition metal chalcogenides ; layered structure ; cathode ; energy storage mechanism ; g-C3N4 ; perovskite solar cells ; additive ; surface modifier layer ; Li-rich cathode material ; voltage and capacity fade ; testing mode ; cobalt-containing nanomaterials ; morphological design ; bio-derived hard carbon ; Coulomb efficiency ; Na-ion batteries ; storage mechanism ; fibrous phosphorus ; lithium-Ion battery ; anode ; CuMn2O4 ; nanosheet arrays ; hydrothermal ; battery-type ; CoO@rGO ; graphene ; MOF ; flexible electrodes ; hollow structure ; ultrafast integration ; lithium-ion batteries ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; mechanical vibration ; durability ; platinum migration ; accelerated stress test ; n/a
    Abstract: I am grateful to all the authors who contributed to this Special Issue and the referees for reviewing the manuscripts. Finally, I give my thanks to Ms. Alisa Si and all the editorial staff of Nanomaterials for their support during the publication of this Special Issue
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    ISBN: 9783036596785 , 9783036596792
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; nanocomposites ; nanofluids ; electrochemical synthesis ; electrochemical energy conversion and storage ; lithium-ion batteries ; capacitors ; light-emitting devices ; fuel cells ; heat transfer fluids ; electrical breakdown ; dielectric properties ; specific heat capacity ; thermal diffusion coefficient ; molecular dynamics simulation
    Abstract: This comprehensive reprint explores the remarkable advancements in energy-related systems driven by the utilization of nanomaterials. It covers a wide range of topics, from material-level investigations to device-level applications, incorporating molecular dynamic simulations and measurements of electrical, thermal, dielectric, and electrochemical properties. The chapters delve into optimizing heat transfer processes, enhancing HVAC systems, improving Li-ion battery performance, developing high-performance carbon nanofiber anodes, and exploring the potential of flexible porous silicon/carbon fiber anodes. The reprint also discusses formic acid microfluidic fuel cells, 2D MXenes, electrical breakdown models, nanocomposite capacitors, and the dielectric behavior of nanofluids. It addresses topics such as radical scavenger fillers, the thermal properties of ternary nitrate, distributed Bragg reflectors, Pd–Pt bimetallic dendrites, and the oil–water interface behavior of modified graphene oxide. With its multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive coverage, this reprint serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and engineers working in the field of energy-related systems and nanotechnology
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564920 , 9783036564913
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (552 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint summarizes recent advances in the production and research of biobased and biodegradable polymeric composites for various applications. The development and characterization of environmentally friendly, conductive and biomedical materials as well as materials with barrier and antimicrobial properties have been considered and discussed
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564074 , 9783036564067
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint collects works which stimulate and spread the latest knowledge on energy in construction and building materials, providing the basis for new ideas on various topics for young investigators as well as leading experts in the field of Materials Science and Engineering. The collection features fifteen research papers and one review study. The main research aim covers the topic of thermal energy storage in construction and building components
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570112 , 9783036570105
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Electron collision physics covers a broad range of processes in atoms and molecules. Understanding these processes can be achieved via experimental and theoretical investigations that support and challenge each other. The last few decades have been witness to tremendous progress in both the computational and experimental techniques applied to study and model electron-driven processes. Access to modern supercomputer facilities has allowed for the computational modelling of collision processes involving complex atoms and molecules; in turn, this allows for a sophisticated modelling and the diagnostic assessment of various plasmas. Applications of electron collision physics range from fusion, precision measurement and attoclocks to radiation damage and biomedical research. This volume collates diverse applications of collision physics, highlighting the importance and power of theoretical and computational techniques while also presenting new experiments which disclose exciting new developments in collision processes
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036575575 , 9783036575568
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The broad field of hydrogen and power-to-gas promises us renewable energy storage and use in molecular forms—either gaseous or liquid—to decarbonise all energy sectors that currently depend on fossil fuels. We have recently witnessed a number of technical developments, trends and advancements that have enabled us to stand where we stand today. We find ourselves at a crossroads between theoretical groundwork and the actual, large-scale technical implementation of the energy transition.This reprint brings together current research findings from highly diverse disciplines, all of which can make a valuable contribution to the success of the energy transition. The research results yield insights into possible partial solutions that can be implemented in national, regional or even local energy systems at different implementation levels and detail, depending on boundary conditions and specific demands.The first contribution in this reprint is an editorial summarising the ten following research articles. It contains a table of the articles including research fields, titles, and methods. The reader can use it as a quick overview before turning to the detailed articles. The overarching themes covered here are: combustion research, electro catalysis, energy economy, energy storage, mobility, energy system analyses and finally, energy law and regulation.Enjoy reading “Progress in Power-to-Gas Energy Systems” to receive your personal update on this exciting research field
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    ISBN: 9783036569420 , 9783036569437
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue on the “Dynamic Behavior of Materials” collected recent research findings on the dynamic behavior of various materials. A collection of fifteen peer-reviewed research articles were included in this Special Issue. The main topics covered include processing technology, state-of-the-art characterization, testing, theoretic modeling, and simulation. We hope that this Special Issue will be interesting for the academic community, and also hope that it will shed light on future research activities in this field
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568997 , 9783036568980
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (476 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Astronomy, space & time
    Abstract: This reprint contains a series of articles and reviews that illustrate the state-of-the-art knowledge about Gamma Ray Bursts and provide deep insights on the challenges that will be faced in GRB physics in the next decade
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573670 , 9783036573663
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Dear Colleagues,Many structural metal materials work under the coupling condition of the load and corrosion environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the corrosion and mechanical behavior of metal structural materials. The corrosion behaviors of metals under the coupling condition of the mechanics and corrosion environment mainly include stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, corrosion fatigue, erosion corrosion, wear corrosion, etc. From the macroscopic or microscopic point of view, these corrosion damages all involve the fracture process, and fractures are caused by environmental factors, also known as environmental fractures. Thus, this Special Issue, ”Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials”, will focus on the environmental fracture behavior of metal materials, including but not limited to experimental, computational, or theoretical studies on environmental corrosion fracture of high-strength metal materials
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036573069 , 9783036573076
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The subject of this reprint covers the latest research in the field of wind energy methods and technologies. The results of work on modeling and optimization of wind turbines, their location, methods of monitoring and diagnostics, and development prospects were presented. Contemporary problems, dangers and risks in the field of wind engineering were also pointed out
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571669 , 9783036571676
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Energy transitions and environmental sustainability does not occur overnight as it may take years of policy debates both from within domestic jurisdictions and from international organisations. It often requires energy saving technology innovations to drive appropriate investment decisions that can then allow energy transition to occur. There is no one global solution. Countries progress in their energy transition goals by taking small steps as demonstrated in this special issue, “Energy Transition and Environmental Sustainability”. This Special Issue provides thirteen interesting papers showing examples of projects undertaken or challenges encountered in various countries, such as: Legal reforms for energy transition in Taiwan and Japan; Transition towards solar PV in South Korea; Transition to electricity driven buses in Central Europe; Vehicle transition and the development of electric car production in the United States, the European Union and Japan; Cooling solutions for buildings in Pakistan; Projects in Ecuador to replace fossil fuel use with Hydropower; The Role of Electrification in the Decarbonization of Central-Western Europe; Energy technology innovation through the application of new technologies in oil resource development; Wastewater treatment challenges in Poland; Increased climate change litigation facing Australian Energy Companies; Renewable energy solution to a Childcare facility in Tokyo; and Canadian policies to support renewable gas production from organic waste. This Special Issue provides global perspectives and uncertainties on energy transition and will appeal to all levels of readers
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574295 , 9783036574288
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The recent studies focused on development of advanced carbon nanostructured materials, functionalized carbons, nanostructured oxides, electrocatalysts, and catalytic composite materials are collected in this reprint. The advantage of using novel catalytic materials and adsorbents in various applications is demonstrated
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036572161 , 9783036572178
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Multicomponent pharmaceutical materials are solids in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This kind of pharmaceutical solid has attracted interest in the past decade as a promising alternative to the laborious and expensive process of traditional pipeline drug development. The application of crystal engineering techniques into the design of pharmaceutical salts, co-crystals, and other multicomponent materials, in addition to the achievement of more environmentally friendly synthetic approaches, has succeeded in modulating the physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, thereby working toward the enhancement of their clinical performance. This Special Issue welcomed original research articles and reviews devoted to all aspects related to the field of multicomponent pharmaceutical solids. Our interests include the fundamentals of applied research, using theoretical and experimental approaches, the development of synthetic methods, the screening of multicomponent materials, structure–activity rationale, the salt–co-crystal continuum identification, the enhancement in physicochemical/mechanical/pharmacokinetic performance, as well as the functionality and applications of multicomponent pharmaceuticals solids
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    ISBN: 9783036564227 , 9783036564234
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: International experts contribute to Fractional- and Integer-Order System: Control Theory and Applications, providing an authoritative overview of the most recent developments in control theory as well as practical examples of fractional- and integer-order systems. Generously referenced and illustrated, the reprint highlights the growing interest in control science and is an invaluable resource for applied and industrial mathematicians, biological, control, electrical and electronics engineers and scientists
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566498 , 9783036566481
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (490 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Liquid biopsy shows promise for cancer screening and diagnostics. This reprint collects recent scientific literature on the identification and application of tumor biomarkers in biological fluids to improve the diagnosis of cancer and the identification of optimal therapeutic strategies
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567334 , 9783036567327
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Unlike transistors, the continuous downscaling of feature size in CMOS technology leads to a dramatic rise in interconnect resistivity and concomitant performance degradation. At nanoscale technology nodes, interconnect delay and reliability become the major bottlenecks faced by modern integrated circuits. To resolve these interconnect problems, various emerging technologies, including airgap, nanocarbon, optical, and through-silicon via (TSV), have been proposed and investigated. For example, by virtue of TSV technology, dies can be stacked to increase the integration density. More importantly, 3D integration and packaging also offer the most promising platform to implement "More-than-Moore" technologies, providing heterogeneous materials and technologies on a single chip. The "Advanced Interconnect and Packaging" Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers on new developments in advanced interconnect and packaging, i.e., on the design, modeling, fabrication, and reliability assessment of emerging interconnect and packaging technologies. Additionally, there are two interesting papers on carbon nanotube interconnects and interconnect reliability issues
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566863 , 9783036566870
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: A multidisciplinary approach that involves multiple sectors and stakeholders is essential for disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. This Special Issue explores how interdisciplinary approaches could resolve a wide range of issues, including risk and damage assessment, behavior change, investment, and evidence-based policy formulation
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568324 , 9783036568331
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (406 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Each year, natural hazards, such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, severe storms, and drought, , affect humans worldwide, resulting in deaths, suffering, and economic losses. According to insurance broker Aon, 2010–2019 was the worst decade on record for economic losses due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, amounting to USD 3 trillion, which is USD 1 trillion more than for the period of 2000–2009. In 2019, the economic losses from disasters caused by natural hazards were estimated at over USD 200 billion (UNDRR Annual Report, 2019). In this context, remote sensing shows high potential to provide valuable information, at various spatial and temporal scales, concerning natural processes and their associated risks. The recent advances in remote sensing technologies and analysis, in terms of sensors, platforms, and techniques, are strongly contributing to the development of natural hazards research. With this Special Issue titled “Remote Sensing for Natural Hazards Assessment and Control”, we proposed state-of-the-art research that specifically addresses multiple aspects on the use of remote sensing (RS) for Natural Hazards (NH). The aim was therefore to collect innovative methodologies, expertise, and capabilities to detect, assess, monitor, and model natural hazards. The present Special Issue of Remote Sensing encompasses 18 open access papers presenting scientific studies based on the exploitation of a broad range of RS data and techniques, as well as focusing on a well-assorted sample of NH types
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564364 , 9783036564371
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036574721 , 9783036574738
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: The Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) has advanced the accelerating gradient many orders of magnitude over the conventional technologies. Their application to high energy accelerators has been considered, while a new field of micrometric accelerators appears for medical applications
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593708 , 9783036593715
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: This Reprint presents an Editorial and ten original studies from different areas of nonlinear optics carried out in the last three years by research groups with high levels of expertise. The object of most of them is femtosecond (fs) nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructures. In this Reprint, the results of a study on higher harmonics generation from fs and picosecond lasers in laser-induced plasma from various nanomaterials are presented; an example of the application of the generation of the second and third harmonics of fs laser radiation for the design of a unique microscope is presented; fs nonlinear-optical properties of aqueous suspensions of nanodiamonds are investigated; nonlinear up-conversion luminescence is found in aqueous suspensions of carbon dots; an example of the application of a thin-film topological insulator for the generation of THz radiation under the action of a fs laser is described; a new type of robust photonic topological insulator for laser array applications is designed; new algorithms for the theoretical study of laser pulse interactions with metals and nonlinear dielectric media interfaces are developed; the findings of a study on helicity-dependent photocurrents in thin nanostructured CuSe films due to the surface photogalvanic effect are presented; a kinetic theory of the edge photogalvanic effect for intraband electron transport in 2D materials is developed. In general, all the studies presented in this Reprint were performed at a high level and demonstrate the continuing interest of the world’s scientific community in research in the field of nonlinear optics
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593227 , 9783036593234
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (654 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Energy storage and conversion are crucial research and industry topics, especially within the context of sustainable development. Scientific and technological progress in these fields have the potential to improve energy use efficiency across traditional, renewable and unconventional sources. Energy storage technologies, including batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors (ultracapacitors) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), combined with decreasing costs, are creating new scenarios and opportunities in the development and market of energy generation, grids, industrial plants, complex systems and consumer electronics. This reprint collected some of the latest developments and applications in these interdisciplinary fields, offering a common framework for authors from different research areas
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036589084 , 9783036589091
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of research on new urban mobility. It contains proprietary, current studies on shared mobility, such as car sharing or scooter sharing in relation to commercial use as part of short-term rental systems or for use by postal services. In addition, it broadly refers to the subject of bicycles and bike-sharing systems. It includes research on professional e-bikes with parameters such as velocity, cadence and power data as well as research on measuring the intensity of bicycle traffic, which can be used to evaluate and improve bike-sharing systems. The reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of new mobility solutions
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    ISBN: 9783036591407 , 9783036591414
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue is dedicated to Professor Reinhard Schlickeiser on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Reinhard Schlickeiser’s internationally well-recognized work, comprising several hundred research articles and the comprehensive monograph “Cosmic Ray Astrophysics,” has had a lasting influence in several areas of astrophysics. He has also inspired a large number of junior researchers, many of whom are now pursuing successful academic careers. Over the last few decades, he has motivated and established many fruitful collaborations that have triggered new ideas and provided new insights into various plasma and astrophysical topics. This Special Issue aims to present original papers by Reinhard Schlickeiser’s collaborators that document the breadth of his scientific accomplishments and the subsequent studies that he has directly or indirectly influenced as a collaborator or as a teacher. This Special Issue may serve as inspiration for others to follow in his path and to accept the challenges awaiting them in the many areas of astrophysics that have been, for many years, Reinhard’s turf
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036590189 , 9783036590196
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: From single-element detectors to array-format imagers, quantum dots and other thin optoelectronic films have played important roles in various fields including autonomous driving, industry inspection, remote sensing and biological imaging. This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research on colloidal quantum dots and other thin-film optoelectronic materials including perovskites, lead chalcogenides, mercury chalcogenides and two-dimensional materials. The sensing spectrum covers X-ray, visible and infrared wavelengths. A diverse range of device configurations have been investigated such as photoconductors, photovoltaics and phototransistors
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  • 85
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036591780 , 9783036591797
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Food packaging plays an important role in the preservation and transportation stages of food. In recent years, coating packaging has become a research hotspot. Coatings can inhibit the growth of microorganisms during food storage, control gas exchange, water penetration, and oxidation processes in food, thus improving food safety and extending the shelf life of food, which brings convenience to consumers. This Special Issue on food packaging and shelf life caters to the needs of scientists, material scientists, food chemists, and microbiologists in the area of food packaging and shelf life. The journal will mainly publish original research papers, review articles, and short communications in the following areas: food packaging material development, coatings or films material development, nano coatings or films material, edible coatings or films, designing coatings or films machinery, physical and chemical properties of food packaging coatings or films, modified atmosphere packaging systems, active and intelligent antimicrobial packaging systems, food package testing, sensory properties of packaged foods, migration from packaging materials, food package interactions, shelf life of packaged food products, recycling of food packaging materials, microbial stability of food during storage, handling and transportation, sensory changes during food storage, shelf life and food safety, chemical, physical and microbial determinants for shelf life, shelf life simulation, and accelerated shelf life tests
    Note: English
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  • 86
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036593111 , 9783036593104
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint features 18 selected high-quality research articles spanning diverse domains in the field of energy-efficient wireless communication and networking. The contributions in this reprint collectively underscore the significance of energy optimization in wireless systems, illuminating innovative approaches, algorithms, and technologies that pave the way for sustainable and efficient wireless communication in various application scenarios. This reprint brings together a rich tapestry of research that illuminates the ongoing efforts to design, optimize, and implement energy-efficient wireless communication and networking solutions. This reprint also encourages researchers to explore finer areas in the energy-efficient wireless network domain and provides a significant contribution to the research community to help further extend their areas of research
    Note: English
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9783036544854 , 9783036544861
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This book focuses on the much-needed efforts to design sustainable, well-being-oriented economies, based on appropriate energy use in all sectors of a country´s development. Carbon neutrality, energy efficiency and effectiveness, renewable energies, circular economy strategies, environmental consequences of energy use, engagement and empowerment of local communities in decision making, energy and environmental impacts of consumer behavior, and finally science-based approaches towards sustainable production and consumption are the main focus of the research activities described within this book. An effort to go beyond energy scarcity, to promote energy communities, to explore new technologies, and overall, to understand and address the population-lifestyle-energy nexus towards increased and shared well-being is the final result jointly provided by the book authors. All in all, the aim is for the book to be the starting point of a deeper research and understanding of the importance of a radical improvement in energy use in society, beyond considering energy as just a resource in the world market. Circular economy aspects are also investigated, showing the energy saving potential associated with the appropriate design and recovery of material resources
    Note: English
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  • 88
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036541150 , 9783036541167
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (580 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: The 1st International Electronic Conference on Chemical Sensors and Analytical Chemistry was held on 1-15 July 2021. The scope of this online conference was to gather experts that are well-known worldwide who are currently working in chemical sensor technologies and to provide an online forum for the presention and discussion of new results. Throughout this event, topics of interest included, but were not limited to, the following: electrochemical devices and sensors; optical chemical sensors; mass-sensitive sensors; materials for chemical sensing; nano- and micro-technologies for sensing; chemical assays and validation; chemical sensor applications; analytical methods; gas sensors and apparatuses; electronic noses; electronic tongues; microfluidic devices; lab-on-a-chip; single-molecule sensing; nanosensors; and medico-diagnostic testing
    Note: English
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  • 89
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036534855 , 9783036534862
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Entropy, titled "Recent Advances in Single-Particle Tracking: Experiment and Analysis", contains a collection of 13 papers concerning different aspects of single-particle tracking, a popular experimental technique that has deeply penetrated molecular biology and statistical and chemical physics. Presenting original research, yet written in an accessible style, this collection will be useful for both newcomers to the field and more experienced researchers looking for some reference. Several papers are written by authorities in the field, and the topics cover aspects of experimental setups, analytical methods of tracking data analysis, a machine learning approach to data and, finally, some more general issues related to diffusion
    Note: English
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  • 90
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036529752 , 9783036529745
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Special Issue in honour of Prof. Yves Brihaye, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The issue is mainly dedicated to the study of compact objects and solutions to Einstein-Yang-Mills equations and extensions thereof, topics to which Prof. Y. Brihaye contributed very significantly
    Note: English
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  • 91
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036535104 , 9783036535098
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: Semiconductor lasers are key components in many optical systems due to their advantages, including their small size, low cost, high efficiency, and low power consumption. It is well-known that semiconductor lasers under external perturbations, such as optical injection, optical feedback, or delayed coupling can exhibit a large variety of complex dynamical behaviors. Nowadays, cutting-edge engineering applications based on the complex dynamics of diode lasers are being conducted in areas, such as optical communications, optical signal processing, encoded communications, neuro-inspired ultra-fast optical computing devices, microwave signal generation, RADAR and LIDAR applications, biomedical imaging, and broadband spectroscopy. The prospects for these applications are even more exciting with the advent of photonic integrated circuits. This Special Issue focuses on theoretical and experimental advances in the nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to different types of external perturbations
    Note: English
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  • 92
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036538426 , 9783036538419
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: As the scaling of electronic semiconductor devices displays signs of saturation, the main focus of research in microelectronics is shifting towards finding new computing paradigms. Electron spin offers additional functionality to digital charge-based devices. Several fundamental problems, including spin injection to a semiconductor, spin propagation and relaxation, and spin manipulation by the gate voltage, have been successfully resolved to open a path towards spin-based reprogrammable electron switches. Devices employing electron spin are nonvolatile; they are able to preserve the stored information without external power. Emerging nonvolatile devices are electrically addressable, possess a simple structure, and offer endurance and speed superior to flash memory. Having nonvolatile memory very close to CMOS offers a prospect of data processing in the nonvolatile segment, where the same devices are used to store and process the information. This opens perspectives for conceptually new low-power computing paradigms within Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). This Special Issue focuses on all topics related to spintronic devices such as spin-based switches, magnetoresistive memories, energy harvesting devices, and sensors that can be employed in in-memory computing concepts and in Artificial Intelligence
    Note: English
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9783036535531 , 9783036535548
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Magnetoelectric sensor systems and applications
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: In the field of magnetic sensing, a wide variety of different magnetometer and gradiometer sensor types, as well as the corresponding read-out concepts, are available. Well-established sensor concepts such as Hall sensors and magnetoresistive sensors based on giant magnetoresistances (and many more) have been researched for decades. The development of these types of sensors has reached maturity in many aspects (e.g., performance metrics, reliability, and physical understanding), and these types of sensors are established in a large variety of industrial applications. Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect are a relatively new type of magnetic sensor. The potential of magnetoelectric sensors has not yet been fully investigated. Especially in biomedical applications, magnetoelectric sensors show several advantages compared to other concepts for their ability, for example, to operate in magnetically unshielded environments and the absence of required cooling or heating systems. In recent years, research has focused on understanding the different aspects influencing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors. At Kiel University, Germany, the Collaborative Research Center 1261 "Magnetoelectric Sensors: From Composite Materials to Biomagnetic Diagnostics", funded by the German Research Foundation, has dedicated its work to establishing a fundamental understanding of magnetoelectric sensors and their performance parameters, pushing the performance of magnetoelectric sensors to the limits and establishing full magnetoelectric sensor systems in biological and clinical practice
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036549330 , 9783036549347
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue reprint presents articles from researchers working on materials processing via electron beams as well as on their characterization, properties, and applications. The articles presented cover various topics, including metal melting and welding, additive manufacturing, electron beam irradiation, electron beam lithography, process modeling, etc
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  • 95
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036551241 , 9783036551234
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint collects recent articles published on "Light Beams in Liquid Crystals", both research and review contributions, with specific emphasis on liquid crystals in the nematic mesophase. The editors, Prof. Gaetano Assanto (NooEL, University of Rome "Roma Tre") and Prof. Noel F. Smyth (School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh), are among the most active experts worldwide in nonlinear optics of nematic liquid crystals, particularly reorientational optical solitons ("nematicons") and other all-optical effects
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036539102 , 9783036539096
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on fundamentals and applied research on magnetic structures with curved geometries. The influence of curvature in the magnetic structures is an appealing topic of research opening novel perspectives to engineer the magnetic textures and the magnetisation reversal processes. Special attention is given to the fabrication and optimisation of magnetic structures, their characterisation and possible use in technological applications
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036537108 , 9783036537092
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This book discuss the recent developments in energy harvesting and energy storage systems. Sustainable development systems are based on three pillars: economic development, environmental stewardship, and social equity. One of the guiding principles for finding the balance between these pillars is to limit the use of non-renewable energy sources
    Note: English
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9783036533100 , 9783036533094
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: This book contains the scientific contributions to the Special Issue entitled: "New Trends and Applications in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining". It covers an array of subjects, from the basics of femtosecond laser micromachining to specific applications in a broad spectra of fields such biology, photonics and medicine
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036542188 , 9783036542171
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint introduces advanced prediction models focused on power load forecasting. Models based on artificial intelligence and more traditional approaches are shown, demonstrating the real possibilities of use to improve prediction in this field. Models of LSTM neural networks, LSTM networks with a SESDA architecture, in even LSTM-CNN are used. On the other hand, multiple seasonal Holt-Winters models with discrete seasonality and the application of the Prophet method to demand forecasting are presented. These models are applied in different circumstances and show highly positive results. This reprint is intended for both researchers related to energy management and those related to forecasting, especially power load
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036522289 , 9783036522272
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Flows of thermal origin and heat transfer problems are central in a variety of disciplines and industrial applications. The present book entitled Thermal Flows consists of a collection of studies by distinct investigators and research groups dealing with different types of flows relevant to both natural and technological contexts. Both reviews of the state-of-the-art and new theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations are presented, which illustrate the structure of these flows, their stability behavior, and the possible bifurcations to different patterns of symmetry and/or spatiotemporal regimes. Moreover, different categories of fluids are considered (liquid metals, gases, common fluids such as water and silicone oils, organic and inorganic transparent liquids, and nanofluids). This information is presented under the hope that it will serve as a new important resource for physicists, engineers and advanced students interested in the physics of non-isothermal fluid systems; fluid mechanics; environmental phenomena; meteorology; geophysics; and thermal, mechanical and materials engineering
    Note: English
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