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  • English  (41)
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  • Ethics  (23)
  • Science Philosophy  (19)
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  • English  (41)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401790116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p. 186 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Logik ; Rationalität ; Vernunft
    Abstract: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Erik Weber, Joke Meheus & Dietlinde WoutersChapter 1. Adaptive Logics as a Necessary Tool for Relative Rationality. Including a Section on Logical Pluralism; Diderik Batens -- Chapter 2. A New Approach to Epistemic Logic; Giovanna Corsi and Gabriele Tassi -- Chapter 3. Explaining Capacities: Assessing the Explanatory Power of Models in the Cognitive Sciences; Raoul Gervais -- Chapter 4. Data-driven Induction in Scientific Discovery. A Critical Assessment Based on Kepler’s Discoveries; Albrecht Heeffer -- Chapter 5. Dovetailing Belief Base Revision with (Basic) Truth Approximation; Theo A.F. Kuipers -- Chapter 6. A Method of Generating Modal Logics Defining Jaśkowski’s Discussive D2 Consequence; Marek Nasieniewski and Andrzej Pietruszczak -- Chapter 7. Frontier Theory of Inquiry: Apparent Conflicts between the Ghent Logical Program and the “Darwinian” Selectionist Program; Thomas Nickles -- Chapter 8. On the Propagation of Consistency in Some Systems of Paraconsistent Logic; Hitoshi Omori and Toshiharu Waragai -- Chapter 9. Degrees of Validity and the Logical Paradoxes; Francesco Orilia -- Chapter 10. Contradictory Concepts; Graham Priest -- Chapter 11. Bloody Analogical Reasoning; Dagmar Provijn -- Chapter 12. Another Look at Mathematical Style, as Inspired by Le Lionnais and the OuLiPo; Jean Paul Van Bendegem and Bart Van Kerkhove -- Chapter 13. Internalism Does Entail Scepticism; Jan Willem Wieland -- Chapter 14. Answering by Means of Questions in View of Inferential Erotetic Logic; Andrzej Wiśniewski.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400775633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 366 p. 25 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 367
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Explanation in the special sciences
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Biologie ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Interdisziplinarität
    Abstract: Biology and history are often viewed as closely related disciplines, with biology informed by history, especially in its task of charting our evolutionary past. Maximizing the opportunities for cross-fertilization in these two fields requires an accurate reckoning of their commonalities and differences-precisely what this volume sets out to achieve. Specially commissioned essays by a team of recognized international researchers cover the full panoply of topics in these fields and include notable contributions on the correlativity of evolutionary and historical explanations, applying to history the latest causal-mechanical approach in the philosophy of biology, and the question of generalized laws that might pertain across the two subjects. The collection opens with a vital interrogation of general issues on explanation that apart from potentially fruitful areas of interaction (could the etiology of the causal-mechanical perspective in biology account for the historical trajectory of the Roman Empire?) this volume also seeks to chart relative certainties distinguishing explanations in biology and history. It also assesses techniques such as the use of probabilities in biological reconstruction, deployed to overcome the inevitable gaps in physical evidence on early evolution. Methodologies such as causal graphs and semantic explanation receive in-depth analysis. Contributions from a host of prominent and widely read philosophers ensure that this new volume has the stature of a major addition to the literature
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction - Points of Contact between Biology and History; Marie I. Kaiser and Daniel PlengePart I. General Issues on Explanation -- 2. The Ontic Account of Scientific Explanation; Carl F. Craver -- Part II Explanation in the Biological Sciences -- 3. Causal Graphs and Biological Mechanisms; Alexander Gebharter and Marie I. Kaiser -- 4. Semiotic Explanation in the Biological Sciences; Ulrich Krohs -- 5. Mechanisms, Pathomechanisms, and Disease in Scientific Clinical Medicine; Gerhard Müller-Strahl -- 6. The Generalizations of Biology: Historical and Contingent?; Alexander Reutlinger -- 7. Evolutionary Explanations and the Role of Mechanisms; Gerhard Schurz -- Part III Explanation in the Historical Sciences -- 8. Explaining Roman History - A Case Study; Stephan Berry -- 9. Causal Explanation and Historical Meaning: How to Solve the Problem of the Specific Historical Relation between Events; Doris Gerber -- 10. Do Historians Study the Mechanisms of History? A Sketch; Daniel Plenge -- 11. Philosophy of History - Metaphysics and Epistemology; Oliver R. Scholz -- 12. Causal Explanations of Historical Trends; Derek D. Turner -- Part IV Bridging the Two Disciplines -- 13. Aspects of Human Historiographic Explanation: A View from the Philosophy of Science; Stuart Glennan -- 14. History and the Sciences; Philip Kitcher and Daniel Immerwahr -- 15 Explanation and Intervention in Coupled Human and Natural Systems; Daniel Steel -- 16. Biology and Natural History: What Makes the Difference; Aviezer Tucker.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400768062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 201 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Global Justice 12
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Schuppert, Fabian Freedom, recognition and non-domination
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Hochschulschrift ; Anerkennung ; Autonomie ; Handlungsfreiheit ; Philosophie ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit
    Abstract: This book offers an original account of a distinctly republican theory of social and global justice. The book starts by exploring the nature and value of Hegelian recognition theory. It shows the importance of that theory for grounding a normative account of free and autonomous agency. It is this normative account of free agency which provides the groundwork for a republican conception of social and global justice, based on the core-ideas of freedom as non-domination and autonomy as non-alienation. As the author argues, republicans should endorse a sufficientarian account of social justice, which focuses on the nature of social relationships and their effects on people's ability to act freely and realize their fundamental interests. On the global level, the book argues for the cosmopolitan extension of the republican principles of non-domination and non-alienation within a multi-level democratic system. In so doing, the book addresses a major gap in the existing literature, presenting an original theory of justice, which combines Hegelian recognition theory and republican ideas of freedom, and applying this hybrid theory to the global domain. Fabian Schuppert creates a grand synthesis uniting neo-republican insights on freedom with Hegelian recognition theory. The result is an account of agency that arises from the idea of non-domination whose aim it is to safeguard individual freedom. When combined with Hegelian recognition theory a social focus also emerges. This amalgam comments on many of the major disputes concerning global justice from a cosmopolitan perspective. Because of the broad scope and the many contemporary discussions engaged this book will be of keen interest to scholars as well as a welcome addition to the classroom. Michael Boylan, Professor and Chair, Philosophy, Marymount University, USA In this highly readable and imaginative book, Schuppert shows how a republican political theory can address the problems of recognition, identity, and non-domination. Moreover, Schuppert demonstrates that Hegel's political philosophy has continuing vitality for the 21st century as he applies it to contemporary policy debates on basic needs, human rights, and cosmopolitanism. Robert Paul Churchill, Professor of Philosophy, George Washington University, USA
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgmentsIntroduction - A Republican Theory of (Global) Justice.- Chapter One: The Nature of Free Rational Agency -- Chapter Two: Analysing Freedom & Autonomy - Recognition, Responsibility and Threats to Agency -- Chapter Three: Needs, Interests and Rights -- Chapter Four: Capabilities, Freedom and Sufficiency -- Chapter Five: Collective Agency, Democracy and Political Institutions -- Chapter Six: Global Justice and Non-Domination -- Conclusion: Freedom, Recognition & Non-Domination -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401788168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 273 p. 8 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ethics and the arts
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Künste ; Ethik ; Ästhetik ; Geschichte
    Abstract: This book proposes that the highest expression of ethics is an aesthetic. It suggests that the quintessential performance of any field of practice is an art that captures an ethic beyond any literal statement of values. This is toadvocate for a shift in emphasis,away from current juridical approaches to ethics (ethicalcodes or regulation), toward ethics as an aesthetic practice-away from ethics as a minimal requirement, toward ethics as an aspiration. The book explores the relationship between art and ethics: a subject that has fascinated philosophers from ancient Greece to the present. It explores this relationship in all the arts: literature, the visual arts, film, the performing arts, and music. It also examines current issues raised by ‘hybrid’ artists who are working at the ambiguous intersections between art, bioart and bioethics and challenging ethical limits in working with living materials. In considering these issues the book investigates the potential for art and ethics to be mutually challenged and changed in this meeting. The book is aimed at artists and students of the arts, who may be interested in approaching ethics and the arts in a new way. It is also aimed at students and teachers of ethics and philosophy, as well as those working in bioethics and the health professions. It will have appeal to the ‘general educated reader’ as being current, of considerable interest, and offering a perspective on ethics that goes beyond a professional context to include questions about how one approaches ethics in one’s own life and practices
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; References; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction : Ethics and the Arts; Reference; Part I: The Arts and Ethics; Chapter 2: Literature and Ethics: Learning to Read with Emma Bovary; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Historical Background; 2.3 The Work; 2.4 Conclusion: The Ethics of Reading; References; Chapter 3: Music and Morality; 3.1 Music, Morality, and Philosophy ; 3.2 The Deep Diversity of Musical Practices; 3.3 Musical Resources and Morality; 3.4 Music, Ethos, and Education; References; Chapter 4: Modern Painting and Morality; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Morality in 'Early Modern' Painting
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 The Moral Universe: Gathering of the Ashes4.2.2 Two Bathshebas; 4.3 Modern Painting to 1980; 4.3.1 The Beginnings of Modern Painting; 4.3.2 Rothko; 4.3.3 Andy Warhol; 4.4 Modern Painting from a Moral Perspective; 4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: The Photograph Not as Proof but as Limit; 5.1 Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida; 5.2 Josh Azzarella and Trevor Paglen; 5.3 Unknowability, Mystery, and Ethical Viewing; References; Chapter 6: Of Redemption: The Good of Film Experience; 6.1 Encountering Cinema; 6.2 Intersecting Ethics; 6.3 Redeeming Cinema and Ethics; 6.4 Risking Redemption
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesChapter 7: Movies and Medical Ethics; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Film as a Starting Point for Studying Medical Ethics; 7.3 Engaging Viewers and Delivering Messages Cinematographically; 7.4 Extracted Sequences Illustrate Memorable Moments of a Film's Narrative; 7.5 The Value of Informed Awareness; 7.6 Aesthetics; A Valuable Addition to the Message; 7.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 8: The House of the Dead-The Ethics and Aesthetics of Documentary; 8.1 The Poem; 8.2 Three Characters-Jaime, Antonio and Almerindo; 8.2.1 Almerindo Act 1: 'The bells'; 8.2.2 Jaime Act 2: 'The deaths'
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.2.3 Antonio Act 3: 'The forgotten'8.3 Activist Documentary Making; References; Chapter 9: Embracing the Unknown, Ethics and Dance; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Spinoza's Ethics; 9.3 Training and Technique; 9.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 10: Burning Daylight : Contemporary Indigenous Dance, Loss and Cultural Intuition; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Marrugeku; 10.3 Burning Daylight Production Outline; 10.4 Contemporary Dance in a Context of Loss and Forced Removal; 10.4.1 Case Study: Researching Burning Daylight ; 10.5 Negotiating the Contemporary in the Native Title Era; 10.5.1 Case Study: Rubibi
    Description / Table of Contents: 10.5.2 Case Study: Memory of Tradition10.6 The Art of Listening; References; Chapter 11: Toward an Intersubjective Ethics of Acting and Actor Training; 11.1 Considering the Intersubjective Space 'Between' in One Performance; 11.1.1 Phenomenological Perspectives on Intersubjectivity; 11.2 Theatre and Ethics: A Brief Overview; 11.3 The Postmodern Condition and Ethics; 11.3.1 Levinas' Ethics of Ethics ; References; Chapter 12: Politics and Ethics in Applied Theatre: Face-to-­Face and Disturbing the Fabric of the Sensible; 12.1 Facing the Other; 12.2 Political Affects
    Description / Table of Contents: 12.3 Sensitising Through Participatory Theatre
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401787802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 191 p. 10 illus., 1 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 79
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Poincaré, Philosopher of Science
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Poincaré, Henri 1854-1912 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume presents a selection of papers from the Poincaré Project of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, bringing together an international group of scholars with new assessments of Henri Poincaré's philosophy of science-both its historical impact on the foundations of science and mathematics, and its relevance to contemporary philosophical inquiry. The work of Poincaré (1854-1912) extends over many fields within mathematics and mathematical physics. But his scientific work was inseparable from his groundbreaking philosophical reflections, and the scientific ferment in which he participated was inseparable from the philosophical controversies in which he played a pre-eminent part. The subsequent history of the mathematical sciences was profoundly influenced by Poincaré’s philosophical analyses of the relations between and among mathematics, logic, and physics, and, more generally, the relations between formal structures and the world of experience. The papers in this collection illuminate Poincaré’s place within his own historical context as well as the implications of his work for ours
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction; Robert DiSalle and María de Paz -- Part I Poincaré’s Philosophy of Science -- 1 Portrait of Henri Poincaré as a young philosopher: the formative years (1860-1873); Laurent Rollet -- 2 The Invention of Convention; Janet Folina -- 3 The third way epistemology: A re-characterization of Poincaré’s conventionalism; María de Paz -- 4 Poincaré, Indifferent Hypotheses and Metaphysics; Antonio Videira -- Part II Poincaré on the Foundations of Mathematics -- 5 Poincaré in Göttingen; Reinhard Kahle -- 6 Poincaré on the Principles of the Calculus; Augusto J. Franco de Oliveira -- 7 Does the French Connection (Poincaré, Lautman) provide some insights regarding the thesis that meta-mathematics is an exception to the slogan that mathematics concerns structures?; Gerhard Heinzmann.- Part III Poincaré on the Foundations of Physics -- 8 Henri Poincaré: The status of mechanical explanations and the foundations of statistical mechanics; João Príncipe -- 9 Poincaré: A scientist inspired by his philosophy; Isabella Serra -- 10 Poincaré on the construction of space-time; Robert DiSalle -- Contributors -- Index.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400707764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 266 p, online resource)
    Edition: 4th ed. 2013
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 29
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Corlett, J. Angelo, 1958 - Responsibility and punishment
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Criminology ; Law ; Law ; Humanities ; Criminology ; Criminology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy ; Strafe ; Verantwortlichkeit
    Abstract: This volume provides discussions of both the concept of responsibility and of punishment, and of both individual and collective responsibility. It provides in-depth Socratic and Kantian bases for a new version of retributivism, and defends that version against the main criticisms that have been raised against retributivism in general. It includes chapters on criminal recidivism and capital punishment, as well as one on forgiveness, apology and punishment that is congruent with the basic precepts of the new retributivism defended therein. Finally, chapters on corporate responsibility and punishment are included, with a closing chapter on holding the U.S. accountable for its most recent invasion and occupation of Iraq. The book is well-focused but also presents the widest ranging set of topics of any book of its kind as it demonstrates how the concepts of responsibility and punishment apply to some of the most important problems of our time. “This is one of the best books on punishment, and the Fourth Edition continues its tradition of excellence. The book connects punishment importantly to moral responsibility and desert, and it is comprehensive in its scope, both addressing abstract, theoretical issues and applied issues as well. The topics treated include collective responsibility, apology, forgiveness, capital punishment, and war crimes. Highly recommended.”-John Martin Fischer, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Introduction                                                                                            1: The Problem of Responsibility,- 2: The Problem of Punishment.-3: The Socratic Roots of Retributivism4: Foundations of a Kantian Retributivism -- 5: Assessin Retributivism -- 6: Retributivism and Recidivism -- 7: Forgiveness, Apology, and Retributive Punishment.-   8: Capital Punishment.- 9: The Problem of Collective Responsibility.-10: Corporate Responsibility and Punishment.-11: U.S. Responsibility for War Crimes in Iraq.-Conclusion                                                                                        .
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400739833 , 1280798971 , 9781280798979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 298p. 17 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 28
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Logik ; Wissenschaft ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: James Maclaurin
    Abstract: Rationis Defensor is to be a volume of previously unpublished essays celebrating the life and work of Colin Cheyne. Colin was until recently Head of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Otago, a department that can boast of many famous philosophers among its past and present faculty and which has twice been judged as the strongest research department across all disciplines in governmental research assessments. Colin is the immediate past President of the Australasian Association for Philosophy (New Zealand Division). He is the author of Knowledge, Cause, and Abstract Objects: Causal Objections to Platonism (Springer, 2001) and the editor, with Vladimir Svoboda and Bjorn Jespersen, of Pavel Tichy's Collected Papers in Logic and Philosophy (University of Otago Press, 2005) and, with John Worrall, of Rationality and Reality: Conversations with Alan Musgrave (Springer, 2006). This volume celebrates the dedication to rational enquiry and the philosophical style of Colin Cheyne. It also celebrates the distinctive brand of naturalistic philosophy for which Otago has become known. Contributors to the volume include a wide variety of philosophers, all with a personal connection to Colin, and all of whom are, in their own way, defenders of rationality.
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationis Defensor; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; Part I: In Epistemology; Chapter 1: Getting Over Gettier; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Gettier Problem; 1.3 Externalism; References; Chapter 2: Justified Believing: Avoiding the Paradox; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Cheyne´s Alleged Paradox; 2.3 Two Internalist Conceptions of Justification; 2.3.1 Subjectively Justified Acts of Believing; 2.3.2 Objectively Justified Acts of Believing; 2.3.3 Related Distinctions; 2.4 Internalism and the Paradox; 2.4.1 Subjective (Deontological) Justification; 2.4.2 Objective Justification
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5 ConclusionReferences; Chapter 3: Literature and Truthfulness; References; Chapter 4: The Buck-Passing Stops Here; 4.1 Scanlon´s Buck-Passing Arguments; 4.2 Extensions of Scanlon´s Arguments; 4.3 Reversals of Scanlon´s Arguments; 4.4 Further Extensions and Reversals; 4.5 Options for Scanlon; 4.6 Wide Issues; References; Part II: In Science; Chapter 5: Universal Darwinism: Its Scope and Limits; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Part One: The Paradox of Selection; 5.2.1 A Red Herring; 5.3 Part Two: A Profusion of Evolutionary Analyses; 5.3.1 The Problem of Non-genetic Inheritance
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.3.2 Approach One: The Extended Phenotype5.3.3 Approach Two: Memes; 5.3.4 Approach Three: Dual Inheritance; 5.3.5 Approach Four: Developmental Systems Theory; 5.3.6 Approach Five: Extended Replicator Theory; 5.3.7 Why Are There So Many Approaches?; 5.4 Part Three: Natural Selection Meets Functionalism; 5.4.1 Evolution´s Turing Test; 5.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: The Future of Utilitarianism; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 The Broken World; 6.3 Two Models of Intergenerational Justice; 6.4 Towards Moderate Consequentialism; 6.4.1 Hooker´s Rule Consequentialism; 6.5 The Lexical Threshold
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.5.1 Ollie and the Oyster6.6 Lexical Thresholds in a Broken World; 6.7 Three Moderate Consequentialist Tricks; 6.7.1 First Trick. A Background of Innocence; 6.7.2 Second Trick. A Background of Entitlement; 6.7.3 Third Trick. A Liberal Ideal Code; References; Chapter 7: Kant on Experiment; 7.1 Bacon, Boyle, and Hooke; 7.2 Experiments and Hypotheses; 7.2.1 Experiments, Hypotheses, and Preliminary Judgements; 7.2.2 Hypotheses and Induction; 7.2.3 Hypotheses, Certainty, and Probability; 7.2.4 The Three Requirements for a Good Hypothesis; 7.3 Experiments and the Laws of Nature
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.4 Experiments and Heuristic Principles7.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 8: Did Newton Feign the Corpuscular Hypothesis?; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Experimental Philosophy and the Royal Society; 8.3 Newton´s First Optical Paper; 8.4 Newton´s Method of Hypotheses; 8.5 Newton´s Corpuscular Hypothesis; 8.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 9: The Progress of Scotland and the Experimental Method; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 The Experimental/Speculative Distinction; 9.3 Bacon´s New Atlantis and Philosophical Societies; 9.4 The Evidence; 9.5 The Progress of Scotland; References; Part III: In Metaphysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10: Propositions: Truth vs. Existence
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400742925 , 128099682X , 9781280996825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 274 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 8
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    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Technology Philosophy ; Social sciences Data processing ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Technology Philosophy ; Social sciences Data processing ; Floridi, Luciano 1964- ; Technikphilosophie
    Abstract: Annotation Information and communication technologies of the 20th century have had a significant impact on our daily lives. They have brought new opportunities as well as new challenges for human development. The Philosopher: Luciano Floridi claims that these new technologies have led to a revolutionary shift in our understanding of humanitys nature and its role in the universe. Florodis philosophical analysis of new technologies leads to a novel metaphysical framework in which our understanding of the ultimate nature of reality shifts from a materialist one to an informational one. In this world, all entities, be they natural or artificial, are analyzed as informational entities. This book provides critical reflection to this idea, in four different areas: Information Ethics and The Method of Levels of Abstraction The Information Revolution and Alternative Categorizations of Technological Advancements Applications: Education, Internet and Information Science Epistemic and Ontic Aspects of the Philosophy of Information
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies of the 20th century have had a significant impact on our daily lives. They have brought new opportunities as well as new challenges for human development. The Philosopher: Luciano Floridi claims that these new technologies have led to a revolutionary shift in our understanding of humanitys nature and its role in the universe. Florodis philosophical analysis of new technologies leads to a novel metaphysical framework in which our understanding of the ultimate nature of reality shifts from a materialist one to an informational one. In this world, all entities, be they natural or artificial, are analyzed as informational entities. This book provides critical reflection to this idea, in four different areas: Information Ethics and The Method of Levels of Abstraction The Information Revolution and Alternative Categorizations of Technological Advancements Applications: Education, Internet and Information Science Epistemic and Ontic Aspects of the Philosophy of Information
    Description / Table of Contents: Luciano Floridi's Philosophy of Technology; Preface; References; Contents; Part I: Information Ethics and the Method of Levels of Abstraction; Chapter 1: Floridi's Information Ethics as Macro-ethics and Info-computational Agent-Based Models; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Info-computationalist Perspective on Some Basic Ideas of Information Ethics; 1.2.1 On the Concept of Levels of Abstraction; 1.2.2 On the Idea of Good in Information Ethics; 1.2.3 On the Artificial Agency and Morality; 1.2.4 IE's Constructive/Generative Nature
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3 Info-computational Models of Intelligent Agent | Systems - A Pragmatic Approach to Moral Responsibility1.3.1 Ethics and Future Intelligent Agents; 1.4 Moral Responsibility, Classical vs. Pragmatic Approaches; 1.4.1 Classical Approach to Moral Responsibility, Causality and Free Will; 1.4.2 Pragmatic (Functional) Approach to Moral Responsibility; 1.5 Moral Responsibility 7 of Artificial Intelligent Systems; 1.6 Distribution of Responsibilities and Handling of Risks in Technical Systems; 1.7 Computational Modeling and Information Ethics; 1.8 Conclusions; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 2: Artificial Agents, Cloud Computing, and Quantum Computing: Applying Floridi's Method of Levels of Abstraction2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Floridi's Theory; 2.2.1 Levels of Abstraction; 2.3 Artificial Agents; 2.4 Artificial Agents and Mapping Table Processing; 2.5 Cloud Computing; 2.6 Quantum Computing; 2.6.1 Distinguishing Quantum and Classical Approaches to Computation; 2.6.2 Quantum Approaches; 2.6.3 Ethical Concerns; 2.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Levels of Abstraction and Morality; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Preliminary Concepts; 3.2.1 Action; 3.2.2 Agency
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2.3 On the Very Idea of Levels of Abstraction3.2.4 Morality; 3.3 LoA 2 and Examples of Systems; 3.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: The Homo Poieticus and the Bridge Between Physis and Techne; 4.1 Physis and Techne in the Digital Era; 4.2 The Homo Poieticus in the E-nvironment; 4.3 The Homo Poieticus : Technoscientist and Philosopher; 4.3.1 The Technoscientist; 4.3.2 The Philosopher; 4.4 Ethics Meets Epistemology; References; Part II: The Information Revolution and Alternative Categorizations of Technological Advancements
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5: In the Beginning Was the Word and Then Four Revolutions in the History of Information5.1 A Running Start; 5.2 Four Revolutions in the History of Information; 5.2.1 The Epigraphic Revolution; 5.2.2 The Printing Revolution; 5.2.3 The Multimedia Revolution; 5.2.4 The Digital Revolution; 5.3 Discussion; 5.3.1 Unifying and Differentiating These Information Revolutions; 5.3.2 Technological, Scienti fi c and Cognitive Co-incidence; 5.3.3 Philosophical Entanglements, or Historically Contextualizing the Philosophy of Information; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6: I Mean It! (And I Cannot Help It): Cognition and (Semantic) Information
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400738928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 353p. 59 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology 11
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Computer science ; Computers Law and legislation ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Computer science ; Computers Law and legislation ; Biometrie
    Abstract: Dimitros Tzovaras
    Abstract: While a sharp debate is emerging about whether conventional biometric technology offers society any significant advantages over other forms of identification, and whether it constitutes a threat to privacy, technology is rapidly progressing. Politicians and the public are still discussing fingerprinting and iris scan, while scientists and engineers are already testing futuristic solutions. Second generation biometrics - which include multimodal biometrics, behavioural biometrics, dynamic face recognition, EEG and ECG biometrics, remote iris recognition, and other, still more astonishing, applications - is a reality which promises to overturn any current ethical standard about human identification. Robots which recognise their masters, CCTV which detects intentions, voice responders which analyse emotions: these are only a few applications in progress to be developed. This book is the first ever published on ethical, social and privacy implications of second generation biometrics. Authors include both distinguished scientists in the biometric field and prominent ethical, privacy and social scholars. This makes this book an invaluable tool for policy makers, technologists, social scientists, privacy authorities involved in biometric policy setting. Moreover it is a precious instrument to update scholars from different disciplines who are interested in biometrics and its wider social, ethical and political implications.
    Description / Table of Contents: Second GenerationBiometrics: The Ethical,Legal and Social Context; Foreword: Privacy Implications of Biometrics; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 From Identity to Identification; 1.2 The Emergence of New Identi fi cation Technologies; 1.3 Biometric Technology; 1.4 Strong, Weak and Soft Biometrics; 1.5 First and Next Generation Biometrics; 1.6 Ethical, Social and Legal Implications; Part I: Foundations and Issues; Chapter 2: Epistemological Foundation of Biometrics; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biometrics in the History of Science; 2.3 Which Unit of Measurement for Life?
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.1 Biometrics Sensors2.4 From Action to Being; 2.5 Intentionality, Intentions and Emotions; 2.6 Epistemological Issues About Detectability of Intentionality; 2.7 Identity Digitalization; 2.8 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Biometric Recognition: An Overview; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Expectations from Biometrics Technologies; 3.3 First Generation Biometrics; 3.4 Second Generation Biometrics; 3.4.1 Engineering Perspective; 3.4.1.1 Data Acquisition Environment; Improving User Convenience; Improving Data Acquisition Quality; 3.4.1.2 Handling Poor Quality Data
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4.1.3 Biometric System SecurityBiometrics Alteration and Spoof Detection; Template Protection; 3.4.1.4 Large-Scale Applications; 3.4.1.5 Soft Biometrics; 3.4.2 Application Perspective; 3.4.2.1 The Hong Kong Smart ID Card Experience; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 4: Biometrics, Privacy and Agency; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Legal Principles Governing Personal Data; 4.3 The European Data Protection Framework and Biometrics; 4.4 The Article 29 Data Protection Working Party; 4.5 Data Protection Agencies
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.6 Understanding the Privacy and Data Protection Challenges of Biometric Data Processing4.7 The Human Right to Data Protection and Privacy; 4.8 Some Useful Distinctions for the Privacy and Data Protection Debate; 4.9 Biometrics and the Second Generation; 4.10 Concerns; References; Part II: Emerging Biometrics and Technology Trends; Chapter 5: Gait and Anthropometric Profile Biometrics: A Step Forward; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 On the Potential of Body Measurements for User Authentication; 5.2.1 Authentication Potential of Gait as a Biometric
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.2.2 Authentication Potential of Body Measurements as a Biometric5.3 Gait Biometric Technology; 5.3.1 Proposed Approach and Motivation; 5.3.2 Silhouette Extraction and Pre-processing Steps; 5.3.2.1 Background Estimation and Binary Silhouette Extraction; 5.3.2.2 Silhouette Enhancement Using Range Data; 5.3.3 Feature Extraction Phase; 5.3.3.1 Generalized Radon Transformations; 5.3.3.2 Orthogonal Discrete Transform Using Krawtchouk Moments; 5.3.4 Signature Matching; 5.3.5 Experimental Results and Conclusions; 5.4 An Innovative Sensing Seat for Human Authentication; 5.4.1 Sensing Seat Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4.1.1 Static and Dynamic Characterization of Conductive Elastomeric Sensor
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400739321 , 1280798904 , 9781280798900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 316 p. 29 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 293
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Chang, Hasok, 1967 - Is water H2O?
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science History ; Chemistry ; Science Philosophy ; Science Study and teaching ; Science, general ; Science History ; Chemistry ; Science Philosophy ; Science Study and teaching ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Chemie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Chemie ; Wasser ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: Annotation, This book exhibits deep philosophical quandaries and intricacies of the historical development of science lying behind a simple and fundamental item of common sense in modern science, namely the composition of water as H2O. Three main phases of development are critically re-examined, covering the historical period from the 1760s to the 1860s: the Chemical Revolution (through which water first became recognized as a compound, not an element), early electrochemistry (by which waters compound nature was confirmed), and early atomic chemistry (in which water started out as HO and became H2O). In each case, the author concludes that the empirical evidence available at the time was not decisive in settling the central debates, and therefore the consensus that was reached was unjustified, or at least premature. This leads to a significant re-examination of the realism question in the philosophy of science, and a unique new advocacy for pluralism in science. Each chapter contains three layers, allowing readers to follow various parts of the book at their chosen level of depth and detail. The second major study in "complementary science", this book offers a rare combination of philosophy, history and science in a bid to improve scientific knowledge through history and philosophy of science
    Abstract: This book exhibits deep philosophical quandaries and intricacies of the historical development of science lying behind a simple and fundamental item of common sense in modern science, namely the composition of water as H2O. Three main phases of development are critically re-examined, covering the historical period from the 1760s to the 1860s: the Chemical Revolution (through which water first became recognized as a compound, not an element), early electrochemistry (by which waters compound nature was confirmed), and early atomic chemistry (in which water started out as HO and became H2O). In each case, the author concludes that the empirical evidence available at the time was not decisive in settling the central debates, and therefore the consensus that was reached was unjustified, or at least premature. This leads to a significant re-examination of the realism question in the philosophy of science, and a unique new advocacy for pluralism in science. Each chapter contains three layers, allowing readers to follow various parts of the book at their chosen level of depth and detail. The second major study in 'complementary science', this book offers a rare combination of philosophy, history and science in a bid to improve scientific knowledge through history and philosophy of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Is Water H2O?; Acknowledgments; Contents; Introduction; References; Chapter 1: Water and the Chemical Revolution; 1.1 The Premature Death of Phlogiston; 1.1.1 Joseph Priestley; 1.1.2 Water; 1.1.3 The Trouble with Lavoisier; 1.1.4 Could Water Be an Element?; 1.2 Why Phlogiston Should Have Lived; 1.2.1 Phlogiston vs. Oxygen; 1.2.1.1 Evaluating Systems of Practice; 1.2.1.2 Problem-Fields; 1.2.1.3 Divergent Epistemic Values; 1.2.1.4 Divergent Instantiations of the Same Value; 1.2.2 What Really Happened in the Chemical Revolution?; 1.2.3 Weights, Composition, and Chemical Practice
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.2.3.1 The Importance of Weight1.2.3.2 Compositionism vs. Principlism; 1.2.4 What Good Is Phlogiston?; 1.2.4.1 Benefits of Phlogiston; 1.2.4.2 Benefits of Phlogiston-Oxygen Interaction; 1.3 Choice, Rationality, and Alternatives; 1.3.1 Rationality; 1.3.2 Social Explanations of the Chemical Revolution; 1.3.3 Incommensurability; 1.3.4 Between Principlism and Compositionism; 1.3.5 Counterfactual History; References; Chapter 2: Electrolysis: Piles of Confusion and Poles of Attraction; 2.1 Electrolysis and Its Discontents; 2.1.1 The Distance Problem; 2.1.2 Electrolysis as Synthesis
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1.3 Lavoisierian Rescue-Hypotheses2.1.4 "No Winner" Is Not "No Win"; 2.2 Electrochemistry Undeterred; 2.2.1 How the Synthesis View Was Eliminated; 2.2.2 How the Lavoisierian Rescue-Hypotheses Fared; 2.2.3 The Character of Compound-Water Electrochemistry; 2.2.3.1 The Stabilization of Experiment; 2.2.3.2 The Diversification of Theory; 2.2.3.3 Pluralism: Benefits of Toleration and Interaction; 2.3 In the Depths of Electrolytic Solutions; 2.3.1 The Value of Studying Messy Science; 2.3.2 Was Priestley Deluded? A View from the Laboratory; 2.3.3 The Intricacies of Ion-Transport
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.4 Disputes on How the Battery Works2.3.5 Ritter and Romanticism; References; Chapter 3: HO or H2O? How Chemists Learned to Count Atoms; 3.1 How Do We Count What We Can't See?; 3.1.1 Unobservability and Circularity; 3.1.2 The Avogadro-Cannizzaro Myth; 3.1.3 Operationalism and Pragmatism in Atomic Chemistry; 3.1.4 From Underdetermination to Pluralism; 3.2 Variety and Convergence in Atomic Chemistry; 3.2.1 Operationalizing the Concept of the Chemical Atom; 3.2.1.1 Weighing by Equivalence; 3.2.1.2 Weighing by Combination; 3.2.1.3 Counting by Volumes; 3.2.1.4 Counting by Specific Heat
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2.1.5 Sorting by Electric Charge3.2.2 Competing Systems of Atomic Chemistry; 3.2.2.1 The Weight-Only System; 3.2.2.2 The Electrochemical Dualistic System; 3.2.2.3 The Physical Volume-Weight System; 3.2.2.4 The Substitution-Type System; 3.2.2.5 The Geometric-Structural System; 3.2.3 The H2O Consensus; 3.2.3.1 Chlorine-Substitution; 3.2.3.2 Atom-Fixing Power; 3.2.3.3 Valency, Realism and Compositionism; 3.2.4 Beyond Consensus; 3.3 From Chemical Complexity to Philosophical Subtlety; 3.3.1 Operationalism; 3.3.2 Realism; 3.3.3 Pragmatism; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4: Active Realism and the Reality of H2O
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789048189960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in Global Justice 10
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Hegel and global justice
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Gerechtigkeit ; Globalisierung ; Philosophie ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Philosophie ; Gerechtigkeit
    Abstract: Andrew Buchwalter
    Abstract: Hegel and Global Justicedetails the relevance of the thought of G.W.F. Hegel for the burgeoning academic discussions of the topic of global justice. Against the conventional view that Hegel has little constructive to offer to these discussions, this collection, drawing on the expertise of distinguished Hegel scholars and internationally recognized political and social theorists, explicates the contribution both of Hegel himself and his 'dialectical' method to the analysis and understanding ofa wide range of topics associated with the concept of global justice, construed very broadly. These topics include universal human rights, cosmopolitanism, and cosmopolitan justice, transnationalism, international law, global interculturality, a global poverty, cosmopolitan citizenship, global governance, a global public sphere, a global ethos, and a global notion of collective self-identity. Attention is also accorded the value of Hegel's account of mutual recognition for analysing themes in global justice, both as regardsthe politics of recognition at the global level and the conditions for a general account of relations of people and persons under conditions of globalization. In exploring these and related themes, the authors of this book regularly compare Hegel to others who have contributed to the discourse on global justice, including Kant, Marx, Rawls, Habermas, Singer, Pogge, Nussbaum, Appiah, and David Miller.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hegel and Global Justice; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Hegel and Global Justice: An Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 A Taxonomy of Main Themes; 1.2.1 Cosmopolitanism; 1.2.2 National Sovereignty; 1.2.3 Universal Human Rights; 1.2.4 Global Poverty and Its Responsibilities; 1.2.5 Institutional Responses to Global Poverty; 1.2.6 Global Governance; 1.2.7 Global Identity; 1.2.8 War; 1.2.9 Recognition; 1.3 Chapter Synopses; 1.3.1 Hegel on Cosmopolitanism, International Relations, and the Challenges of Globalization; 1.3.2 Contra Leviathan: Hegel's Contribution to Cosmopolitan Critique
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3.3 Between Statism and Cosmopolitanism: Hegel and the Possibility of Global Justice1.3.4 Toleration, Social Identity, and International Justice in Rawls and Hegel; 1.3.5 Hegel, Civil Society, and Globalization; 1.3.6 A Hegelian Approach to Global Poverty; 1.3.7 The Coming World Welfare State Which Hegel Could Not See; 1.3.8 The Citizen of the European Union from a Hegelian Perspective; 1.3.9 Hegel on War, Recognition, and Justice; 1.3.10 Hegel, Global Justice, and Mutual Recognition; 1.4 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 2: Hegel on Cosmopolitanism, International Relations,and the Challenges of Globalization2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hegel on Cosmopolitanism, International Relations, and Modern Sittlichkeit; 2.3 Hegel on Global Civil Society, Global Violence, and the Possibility of Global Community; 2.4 Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Contra Leviathan: Hegel's Contribution to Cosmopolitan Critique; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Misreading Hegel; 3.3 Decentring the Modern State; 3.4 Hegel's Critique of Kant's Cosmopolitanism; 3.5 Beyond Natural Law; Bibliography
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4: Between Statism and Cosmopolitanism: Hegel and the Possibility of Global Justice4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Hegel on International Relations; 4.2.1 The State as an Independent, Self-sustaining Agent; 4.2.2 Anarchy; 4.2.3 Relations Between States; 4.2.4 Hegel's Realism in International Politics; 4.3 Bringing Together Statism and Cosmopolitanism; 4.4 Towards a Hegelian Theory of Global Justice; 4.5 Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Toleration, Social Identity, and International Justicein Rawls and Hegel; 5.1 Decency as an International Norm; 5.2 Human Rights as Free Standing
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.3 Toleration5.4 Toleration and Liberalism; 5.5 Toleration and Cooperation; 5.6 Toleration and Reasonableness; 5.7 Toleration and Culture; 5.8 Hegel and the Value of Culture; 5.9 Right to Freedom; 5.10 Abstract Right and Personhood; 5.11 Moralität and the Right to Subjectivity; 5.12 Rational State; 5.13 Right to Freedom and International Law; 5.14 Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 6: Hegel, Civil Society, and Globalization; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Civil Society; 6.3 The Rights of Human Beings in Civil Society; 6.4 Free Trade, Civil Society, and Globalization
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.5 The State and the Cosmopolitan Order
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400739918 , 1280798998 , 9781280798993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 568 p. 1 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics 19
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Maier, Donald S. What's so good about biodiversity?
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Biodiversity ; Environmental sciences ; Economics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Biodiversity ; Environmental sciences ; Economics ; Biodiversity ; Biodiversität ; Bewertung ; Ökosystemdienstleistung ; Biodiversität
    Abstract: There has been a deluge of material on biodiversity, starting from a trickle back in the mid-1980's. However, this book is entirely unique in its treatment of the topic. It is unique in its meticulously crafted, scientifically informed, philosophical examination of the norms and values that are at the heart of discussions about biodiversity. And it is unique in its point of view, which is the first to comprehensively challenge prevailing views about biodiversity and its value. According to those dominant views, biodiversity is an extremely good thing so good that it has become the emblem of natural value. The book's broader purpose is to use biodiversity as a lens through which to view the nature of natural value. It first examines, on their own terms, the arguments for why biodiversity is supposed to be a good thing. This discussion cuts a very broad and detailed swath through the scientific, economic, and environmental literature. It finds all these arguments to be seriously wanting. Worse, these arguments appear to have consequences that should dismay and perplex most environmentalists. The book then turns to a deeper analysis of these failures and suggests that they result from posing value questions from within a framework that is inappropriate for nature's value. It concludes with a novel suggestion for framing natural value. This new proposal avoids the pitfalls of the ones that prevail in the promotion of biodiversity. And it exposes the goals of conservation biology, restoration biology, and the world's largest conservation organizations as badly ill-conceived.
    Description / Table of Contents: What's So Good About Biodiversity?; Contents; Chapter 1: Prologue; 1.1 Why This Book?; 1.2 Mixing Philosophy with Biology; 1.3 The Scope and Chief Goal of This Book; Chapter 2: Preliminaries; 2.1 An Environmental Philosopher's Conception of Value; 2.1.1 Concepts and Categories of Value; 2.1.2 Approaches and Key Questions of Moral Theory; 2.1.2.1 Consequentialism; 2.1.2.2 Deontology; 2.1.2.3 Virtue Ethics; 2.1.3 Where Biodiversity Fits in the Philosophical Picture; 2.2 Reasoning About Biodiversity - A Catalog of Fallacies; 2.2.1 The Bare Assertion Fallacy
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.2.2 Red Herring or Chewbacca Defense2.2.3 Fallacies of Accident; 2.2.4 The Fallacy of Correlation; 2.2.5 Circularity Fallacies or Begging the Question; 2.2.6 The Fallacy of Modality or Speculation Posed as Fact; 2.2.7 The Fallacy of Equivocation; 2.3 Cautionary Signs; 2.3.1 Abstraction; 2.3.2 The Value of Diversity in General; Chapter 3: What Biodiversity Is; 3.1 The Core Concept; 3.1.1 Egalitarianism; 3.1.2 Fungibility; 3.1.3 Questionable Factors; 3.1.3.1 Abundances; 3.1.3.2 Abiotic Conditions; 3.1.3.3 Interactions; 3.1.3.4 Place; 3.2 Characteristics; 3.3 Biological Categories and Kinds
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3.1 Ta legomena in Biology3.3.2 Which Categories and Kinds Qualify; 3.3.2.1 Features; 3.3.2.2 Abundances (Again); 3.3.2.3 Functions; 3.3.3 Multiple Dimensions; 3.3.4 Place and Scale; 3.3.4.1 Place (Again); 3.3.4.2 Scale; Chapter 4: What Biodiversity Is Not; 4.1 Category Mistakes; 4.1.1 Wilderness; 4.1.2 Measures and Indexes; 4.1.3 Particular Species; 4.1.4 Particular Ecosystems; 4.1.5 Biodiversity as Process; 4.2 Accretive Conceptions; 4.2.1 Charisma and Cultural Symbolism; 4.2.2 Rarity; 4.2.2.1 Geographical Rarity; 4.2.2.2 Abundance Rarity; 4.2.3 Uniqueness
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5: The Calculus of Biodiversity Value5.1 How Biodiversity Relates to Its Value; 5.1.1 The Incremental Model; 5.1.2 The Quantum Jump Model; 5.1.3 The Threshold Model; 5.1.4 The Just-So Model; 5.2 Value Interrelationships; 5.3 The Moral Force of Biodiversity; Chapter 6: Theories of Biodiversity Value; 6.1 Unspecified "Moral Reasons"; 6.2 Biodiversity as Resource; 6.3 Biodiversity as Service Provider; 6.4 Biodiversity as (Human) Life Sustainer; 6.5 Biodiversity as a Cornerstone of Human Health; 6.5.1 Biodiversity as Pharmacopoeia; 6.5.2 Biodiversity as Safeguard Against Infection
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.6 Biodiversity as Progenitor of Biophilia6.7 Biodiversity as Value Generator; 6.8 Biodiversity as Font of Knowledge; 6.9 Biodiversity Options; 6.9.1 Option Value and Conservation; 6.9.2 Risk, Uncertainty and Ignorance; 6.9.3 Quasi-option Value and Conservation; 6.9.4 Specific Claims About the Option Value of Biodiversity; 6.9.4.1 Phylogeny; 6.9.4.2 Bioprospecting; 6.9.4.3 Ecological Option Value; 6.10 Biodiversity as Transformative; 6.11 The Experiential Value of Biodiversity; 6.12 Biodiversity as the Natural Order; 6.13 Other Value-Influencing Factors; 6.13.1 Viability and Endangerment
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.13.2 Efficiency
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400724044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 457p. 16 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: The European Philosophy of Science Association Proceedings 1
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. European Philosophy of Science Association EPSA philosophy of science
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science ; Philosophy ; Congresse ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Amsterdam
    Abstract: This is a collection of high-quality research papers in the philosophy of science, deriving from papers presented at the second meeting of the European Philosophy of Science Association in Amsterdam, October 2009
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Contents; Contributors; 1 Modeling Strategies for Measuring Phenomena In- and Outside the Laboratory; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Reliability of Measurement; 1.2.1 Inside the Laboratory; 1.2.2 Outside the Laboratory; 1.3 Calibration; 1.4 Gray-Box Models; 1.5 Conclusions; References; 2 Mating Intelligence, Moral Virtues, and Methodological Vices; 2.1 Introduction: Mating Intelligence Theory of the Evolution of Morality; 2.2 Evolutionary Psychology, Moral Psychology, and Sex Differences; 2.3 Two Explanatory Frameworks of the Mating Intelligence Theory; 2.4 Concluding Remarks
    Description / Table of Contents: References3 Rejected Posits, Realism, and the History of Science; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Fresnel on the Ether; 3.3 Refining the Concept; 3.4 An Entrenched Conception; 3.5 Excising the Ether Took Time; 3.6 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Explanation and Modelization in a Comprehensive Inferential Account; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 An Inferential Approach to Scientific Discourse and Inquiry; 4.3 Explanation as a Speech Act; 4.4 Explanation in Scientific Dialogues: Credibility vs Enlightening; 4.5 Conclusion; References; 5 Standards in History: Evaluating Success in Stem Cell Experiments
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Introduction5.2 Stem Cells and Gold Standards; 5.3 History in the Blood; 5.4 Establishing Standards; 5.5 Evaluating Experiments; 5.6 Conclusion; References; 6 Modeling Scientific Evidence: The Challenge of Specifying Likelihoods; 6.1 The Foundation Challenge; 6.2 The Specification Challenge; 6.2.1 Broad Specification; 6.2.2 Narrow Specification; 6.2.3 Formal Problems with Substantive Implications; 6.3 Specification and Epistemic Foundations; References; 7 Persistence in Minkowski Space-Time; 7.1 Persistence of Spatially Extended Objects
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.1.1 The Argument from 0Explanatory Deficiency0 in Balashov ( 2000a )7.1.2 The Problem of Criss-Crossing Hyperplanes in Gilmore ( 2006 ); References; 8 Genuine versus Deceptive Emotional Displays; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 The Prisoners Dilemma, Positive Assortment and Signalling; 8.3 Emotional Displays as Signals; 8.4 Detection of Deception and Cooperation; 8.5 Proximate Mechanisms for Securing Emotional Translucency; 8.6 Emotions and Common-Interest Interactions; 8.7 Balancing Pressures: Age-Dependent Intensity of Selection; 8.8 Conflicting and Common-Interests Across a Lifetime
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.9 Plasticity of Displays8.10 Conclusion; References; 9 Tales of Tools and Trees: Phylogenetic Analysis and Explanation in Evolutionary Archaeology; 9.1 Introduction: Darwinizing Culture; 9.2 Trees of Tools: How Phylogenetics Came to Archaeology; 9.3 Cladograms in Classification and Explanation; 9.4 Tales of Tools; 9.5 Conclusions and Outlook; References; 10 Sustaining a Rational Disagreement; 10.1 Scientific Disagreements; 10.2 The Dynamic Approach; 10.3 Objections and Replies; 10.4 Other Types of Disagreement; References
    Description / Table of Contents: 11 Philosophical Accounts of Causal Explanation and the Scientific Practice of Psychophysics
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400730304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 512p. 15 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Probabilities, laws, and structures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Biology Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400739291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 203p, digital)
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institut `Wiener Kreis' Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Creath, Richard, 1947 - Rudolf Carnap and the legacy of logical empiricism
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Pragmatism ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Carnap, Rudolf 1891-1970 ; Neopositivismus
    URL: Cover
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400715608
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (206 pages)
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy Ser. v.26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 177.5
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book explores the theoretical basis of an individual's ethical obligations to others as self-knowing beings. It identifies a class of interpretive moral wrongs and shows how an individual's obligations in respect of these wrongs can be understood.
    Abstract: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Puzzle of Objectification -- 1.2 The Structure of the Book -- References -- Part I Respect for Persons and Interpretive Moral Wrongs -- 2 Fragmentation -- 2.1 Respect for Persons, and Persons as Ends -- 2.2 The Essence of 'Respect for Persons' -- 2.3 Contemporary Challenges -- 2.3.1 The Problem of Integration -- 2.3.2 The Problem of Personhood -- 2.3.3 The Problem of Objectification -- 2.4 The Aftermath -- References -- 3 Discrimination -- 3.1 Discrimination and Procedural Unfairness -- 3.2 Discrimination and Intentionality -- 3.3 Discrimination as an Interpretive MoralWrong -- References -- 4 Stereotyping -- 4.1 A Potential Counterexample -- 4.2 Injustice and Stereotyping -- 4.3 Ideological Stereotyping -- 5 Objectification -- 5.1 First-Stage Objectification: Instrumentalisation -- 5.2 Second-Stage Objectification: Adoption of Alien Goals -- 5.3 Third-Stage Objectification: 'Reduction' and Reflection -- 5.4 Andrea Dworkin on Sexual Objectification -- 5.5 Third-Stage Objectification as an Interpretive Moral Wrong -- References -- 6 Interpretive Moral Wrongs and Radical Theorising -- 6.1 Dworkin's Radicalism -- 6.1.1 Martha Nussbaum on Sexual Objectification -- 6.2 Marx on Commodification -- 6.3 Objectification, Stereotyping and Scientific Self-Knowledge -- 6.3.1 Objectification in Genetic Research -- 6.4 Interpretive Moral Wrongs and Human Dignity -- References -- Part II Sources and Foundations -- 7 Hegel and Recognition -- 7.1 Recognition -- 7.1.1 Hegel on Master and Slave -- 7.2 Dignity and Universal Self-Consciousness -- 7.3 Essentialism and Political Liberalism -- References -- 8 Heidegger and Authenticity -- 8.1 Liberalism, Essentialism and Positivism -- 8.2 Phenomenological Essentialism -- 8.3 Dasein, Intelligibility and Alienation -- 8.4 Inauthenticity and Objectification.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789048130214 , 128283939X , 9781282839397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology 4
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Cooley, Dennis R. Technology, transgenics and a practical moral code
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Technology Philosophy ; Agriculture ; Public law ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of nature ; Technology Philosophy ; Agriculture ; Public law ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Ethik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Ethik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    URL: Cover
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789048135271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Edition: 1
    Series Statement: Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey 10
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Philosophy of religion
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Humanities ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Religionsphilosophie
    Abstract: The present volume, a continuation of the series Contemporary Philosophy (International Institute of Philosophy), provides an international survey of significant trends in contemporary philosophy. Volume 10: Philosophy of Religion contains seventeen surveys written in English, French and German, describing the variety of philosophical approaches to religion and the impact of the ongoing secularization process on religious beliefs. The articles reflect upon the major world religions of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and African religions, but also on such topics as Mayas and Nahuas' conception of man, theology and philosophy, and Christianity and philosophy.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789048123018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The normativity of the natural
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturgesetz ; Ethik ; Anthropologie
    Abstract: Western philosophy has long nurtured the hope to resolve moral controversies through reason, thereby to secure moral direction and human meaning without the need for a defining encounter with God or the transcendent. The expectation is for a moral rationality that is universal and able adequately to frame and guide the moral life. Moral and cultural unity was sought though philosophical reflection on human nature and the basic goods of a properly nurtured and virtuous life—that is, through appeal to what has come to be called the natural law. The natural law addresses permissible moral choice through objective understandings of human nature and human goods. Persons are obligated to act in ways that are compatible with creating and integrating the basic human goods into their lives and the lives of others. Such goods provide the basis for practical reasoning about virtuous choices and immediate reasons for action. The goal is the making of rational choices in the pursuit of a virtuous, flourishing, human life. Natural law theorists have argued extensively against human cloning, abortion, and same-gender marriage. Yet, whose assumptions regarding human nature should guide our understanding of the basic goods that mark the full flourishing human life? Moreover, why should nature, even human nature, be thought of as a moral boundary beyond which one must not trespass? Persons may wish actively to direct human evolution, utilizing the tools of both imagination and biotechnology. Perhaps nature is simply a challenge to be addressed, overcome, and set aside. This volume is a critical exploration of natural law theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Normativity of the Natural: Can Philosophers Pull Morality Out of the Magic Hat of Human Nature?; Human Nature and Its Limits; Synderesis, Law, and Virtue; Human Nature and Moral Goodness; Natural Law for Teaching Ethics: An Essential Tool and Not a Seamless Web; Quid Ipse Sis Nosse Desisti; Preparation for the Cure; Diagnosing Cultural Progress and Decline; Reflections on Secular Foundationalism and Our Human Future; Nature as Second Nature: Plasticity and Habit; The Posthumanist Challenge to a Partly Naturalized Virtue Ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: Can Moral Norms Be Derived from Nature? The Incompatibility of Natural Scientific Investigation and Moral Norm GenerationMoral Acquaintances and Natural Facts in the Darwinian Age
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789048122295 , 9781282069404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Edition: 1
    Series Statement: The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology 3
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Evaluating new technologies
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; Science (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Technische Innovation ; Responsive Evaluation
    Abstract: In this forward-looking volume the invited authors argue that the world must critically assess the potential pitfalls of new technologies in advance. Many of the developments in modern technology are complex, risky, and, to begin with, cloaked in uncertainty. How should we deal with such developments - that may not only have positive effects (such as an increase of our well-being or an improved ability to control and cure diseases) but also negative effects for human beings and the environment (such as global warming or the medicalisation of human beings)? The fact that technological 'progress' often occurs under conditions of uncertainty makes the issue even more pressing. Frequently, we are completely devoid of information concerning the applications of new technologies and what their impact will be on human beings and the environment. History has shown that taking a retrospective perspective by passively awaiting the practical consequences of new technologies is both dangerous and inappropriate, as often damage will already have occurred. The genie is well and truly out of the bottle and those who once had control over the new processes no longer have that power, as the science will have a momentum of its own, unheeding of belated attempts to stop it or slow it down. What is more, technology is often 'logically malleable', with far wider applications than even we can anticipate. Thus, say editors Sollie and Duwell, an anticipatory attitude is required towards dealing with new technology. This book addresses methodological issues with regard to the ethical evaluation of new and emerging technology. It focuses specifically on the concept of uncertainty that, unlike the notion of risk, is greatly undervalued in the field of ethics. It is a must-read for anyone involved in (ethical) technology assessment: philosophers, those involved in science and technology studies, and policy-makers alike.
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluating New Technologies: An Introduction; Ethical Aspects of Research in Ultrafast Communication; Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway? Dealing with the Consequences of New Technologies; Ethics in and During Technological Research; An Addition to IT Ethics and Science Ethics; The Need for a Value-Sensitive Design of Communication Infrastructures; The Moral Relevance of Technological Artifacts; Interdisciplinarity, Applied Ethics and Social Science; Facts or Fiction? A Critique on Vision Assessment as a Tool for Technology Assessment
    Description / Table of Contents: Exploring Techno-Moral Change: The Case of the ObesityPillOn Uncertainty in Ethics and Technology; New Technologies, Common Sense and the Paradoxical Precautionary Principle; Complex Technology, Complex Calculations: Uses and Abuses of Precautionary Reasoning in Law; Ethics of Technology at the Frontier of Uncertainty: A Gewirthian Perspective
    Note: Includes index
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402093388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in The Philosophy of Science 272
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.: Rethinking Popper
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994
    Note: In: Springer-Online
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781402095108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series In Philosophy of Science 74
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.: Constituting objectivity
    DDC: 517.38
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Physics History ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Physik ; Objektivität ; Transzendentalphilosophie
    Note: In: Springer-Online
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789048128952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 87
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Mindus, Patricia, 1976 - A real mind
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Law Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Law Philosophy ; Hägerström, Axel, 1868-1939 ; Philosophy, Swedish ; 20th century ; Philosophers ; Sweden ; Biography ; Law ; Philosophy
    Abstract: This comprehensive presentation of Axel Hägerström (1868-1939) fills a void in nearly a century of literature, providing both the legal and political scholar and the non-expert reader with a proper introduction to the father of Scandinavian realism. Based on his complete work, including unpublished material and personal correspondence selected exclusively from the Uppsala archives, A Real Mind follows the chronological evolution of Hägerström's intellectual enterprise and offers a full account of his thought. The book summarizes Hägerström's main arguments while enabling further critical assessment, and tries to answer such questions as: If norms are neither true nor false, how can they be adequately understood on the basis of Hägerström's theory of knowledge? Did the founder of the Uppsala school uphold emotivism in moral philosophy? What consequences does such a standpoint have in practical philosophy? Is he really the inspiration behind Scandinavian state absolutism?A Real Mind places the complex web of issues addressed by Hägerström within the broader context of 20th century philosophy, stretching from epistemology to ethics. His philosophy of law is examined in the core chapters of the book, with emphasis on the will-theory and the relation between law and power. The narrative is peppered with vignettes from Hägerström's life, giving an insightful and highly readable portrayal of a thinker who put his imprint on legal theory. The appendix provides a selected bibliography and a brief synopsis of the major events in his life, both private and intellectual.
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Introduction: The Rare Renown of a Swedish Scholar; 1 An Obscure Man of Thought; 2 A Real Conversion: Hagerstrom on Theoretical Philosophy; 3 The Value of a Chair: The Moral Teachings; 4 A Lawyer Honoris Causa: Criticising the Will-theory; 5 A Realist Awakening: The Hidden Clockwork of Law; 6 The Father of Scandinavian State Absolutism? Hgerstrm on Politics; 7 The Final Studies; Appendix: Hägerström's Life and Work in Brief; Organised Overview of Hägerström's Bibliography; Secondary Literature on Högerström; Chronology of the Life and Work of Hägerström; References; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-263) and index
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402091780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 190
    DDC: 126
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: If I am asked in the framework of Book 1, 'Who are you?' I, in answering, might say 'I don't know who in the world I am.' Nevertheless there is a sense in which I always know what 'I' refers to and can never not know, even if I have become, e.g., amnesiac. Yet in Book 2, 'Who are you?' has other senses of oneself in mind than the non-sortal 'myself'. For example, it might be the pragmatic context, as in a bureaucratic setting, but 'Who are you?' or 'Who am I?' might be more anguished and be rendered by 'What sort of person are you?' or 'What sort am I?' Such a question often surfaces in the face of a 'limit-situation', such as one's death or in the wake of a shameful deed where we are compelled to find our 'centers', what we also will call 'Existenz'. 'Existenz' here refers to the center of the person. In the face of the limit-situation one is called upon to act unconditionally in the determination of oneself and one's being in the world. In this Book 2 we discuss chiefly one's normative personal-moral identity which stands in contrast to the transcendental I where one's non-sortal unique identity is given from the start. This moral identity requires a unique self-determination and normative self-constitution which may be thought of with the help of the metaphor of 'vocation'. We will see that it has especial ties to one's Existenz as well as to love. This Book 2 claims that the moral-personal ideal sense of who one is is linked to the transcendental who through a notion of entelechy. The person strives to embody the I-ness that one both ineluctably is and which, however, points to who one is not yet and who one ought to be. The final two chapters tell a philosophical-theological likely story of a basic theme of Plotinus: We must learn to honor ourselves because of our honorable kinship and lineage 'Yonder'.
    Description / Table of Contents: Assenting to My Death and That of the Other; The Transcendental Attitude and the Mystery of Death; Existenz, Conscience, and the Transcendental I; Ipseity and Teleology; The Calling of Existenz; Aspects of a Philosophical Theology of Vocation; Philosophical Theology of Vocation;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789048123629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Boston studies in the philosophy of science 279
    Series Statement: Boston studies in the philosophy of science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Chalmers, Alan The scientist's atom and the philosopher's stone
    DDC: 541.22
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    Keywords: Metaphysics ; Philosophy (General) ; Physics History ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Atomistik ; Naturwissenschaften ; Naturphilosophie ; Geschichte
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402099861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 323.01
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    Keywords: Ethics ; Law Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Menschenrecht ; Philosophie ; Ethik ; Universalismus
    Abstract: This book advances a post-metaphysical model for testing the validity of human rights principles. It takes into account some of the most recent researches in the field of cognitive linguistics and ethics in order to ground a deliberative model based upon the Kantian reflective judgment. Even if specifically suited for academics and research scholars, it can profitably be adopted as a supplementary textbook in masters and doctoral programmes. As a unique contemporary contribution to the understanding of the conceptual status of human rights principles, this work represents an invaluable instrument also for the activities conducted at research centres and think-tanks. Indeed the abstract premises of the book are oriented to a more and more concrete underpinning of the contemporary human rights challenges as those faced by public officials involved in human rights project cooperation.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Part I; 1 Cognitive Relativism and Experiential Rationality; 1.1 Beyond Cognitive and Linguistic Relativism; 1.2 Epistemic Relativism Refuted; 1.3 The Experiential Validity of the Cognitive System; 1.3.1 Judgement and Truth; 2 Beyond Moral Relativism and Objectivism; 2.1 Forms of Moral Relativism; 2.2 The Two Horns of the Dilemma: Relativism versus Objectivism; 2.2.1 Harman's Inner-Judgments Relativism; 2.2.2 The Limits of Nagel's Objectivism in Morality; 2.3 Wong's Mixed Position: the Idea of Pluralistic Relativism
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.4 Discursive Dialectic of Recognition: for a Post-Metaphysical Justification of the Domain of the Ethical LifePart II; 3 Human Rights and Pluralisitc Universalism; 3.1 From Purposive Action to Communicative Action; 3.2 The Priority of Recognition and the Formal System of Basic Liberties; 3.3 The Exemplar Validity of Human Rights; 3.4 Deliberative Constraints and Pluralistic Universalism; 4 The Legal Dimensions of Human Rights; 4.1 The Source and the Content Validity of Law; 4.2 The Structure and Function of Human Rights; 4.3 Transplantability and Legal Commensurability
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.4 What is Wrong in the Democratic Peace Theory? A Defence ofInternational Legal PluralismBibliography; Author Index; Subject Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402068409
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DDC: 170
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    Keywords: Developmental psychology ; Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Entwicklungspsychologie ; Ethik ; Philosophie ; Politische Wissenschaft
    Abstract: Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non-Ideal is a collection of feminist essays that self-consciously develop non-idealizing approaches to either ethics or social and political philosophy (or both). Characterizing feminist ethics and social and political philosophy as marked by a tendency to be non-idealizing serves to thematize the volume, while still allowing the essays to be diverse enough to constitute a representation of current work in the fields of feminist ethics and social and political philosophy. Each of the essays either serves as an instance of work that is rooted in actual, non-ideal conditions, and that, as such, is able to consider any of the many questions relevant to subordinated people, or reflects theoretically on the significance of non-idealizing as an approach to feminist ethics or social and political philosophy. The volume will be of interest to feminist scholars from all disciplines, to academics who are ethicists and political philosophers as well as to graduate students and advanced undergraduates, and to an educated popular audience as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments; Contents; About the Contributors; Introduction; 4.0 Feminist Ethics and Feminist Social and Political Philosophy; 4.1 Theorizing the Non-Ideal; 4.2 Preview of the Essays; 4.3 Notes; References; Part I Feminist Theorizations of Ethics and Politics, and of the Ideal and Non-ideal; 1 Normativity, Feminism, and Politics; 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; Notes; References; 2 Ethical Reasons and Political Commitments; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Political Commitment and Ethical Reasons; 2.3 Political Commitment and Ideal Theory; 2.3.1 Normative Priority; 2.3.2 Fungibility; 2.4 Justification
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5 Conclusion2.6 Notes; References; 3 Feminist Eudaimonism: Eudaimonism as Non-Ideal Theory; 3.1 Eudaimonism, Idealized and Non-Idealized; 3.2 The Rejection of Eudaimonism; 3.3 Eudaimonism as Non-Ideal Theory; 3.4 Notes; References; 4 LImagination au Pouvoir: Comparing John Rawlss Method of Ideal Theory with Iris Marion Youngs Method of Critical Theory; 4.1 Rawlss Method of Ideal Theory; 4.2 Youngs Method of Critical Theory; 4.3 Some Advantages of Youngs Critical Method; 4.4 The Limits of Method or Limagination au Pouvoir; 4.5 Notes; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Part II Critiquing Idealized Characterizations of Personhood5 Conjoined Twins, Embodied Personhood, and Surgical Separation; 5.1 Conjoined Twins; 5.2 The Issue of Separation; 5.3 The History of Metaphysical Assumptions About Conjoined Twins; 5.4 Embodied Personhood in Singletons, Non-Conjoined Twins, and Conjoined Twins; 5.5 Some Conclusions; 5.6 Notes; References; 6 The Ideology of the Normal: Desire, Ethics, and Kierkegaardian Critique; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Critical Theory and the Stages of Existence; 6.3 Critical Theory and Spiritual Inwardness; 6.4 Conclusion; 6.5 Notes; References
    Description / Table of Contents: 7 The Challenge of Care to Idealizing Theories of Distributive Justice7.1 Introduction: People We Meet and Egalitarian Theories of Distributive Justice; 7.2 Care as a Form of Luck; 7.3 Sources of Failed Care; 7.4 Improving Care: Towards Equal Access and Better Quality; 7.5 The Limits to Redistributing Care; 7.6 Conclusions: The Ethics of Care Illuminates the Limits of Ideal Theories of Justice; 7.7 Notes; References; 8 The Ethics of Philosophizing: Ideal Theory and the Exclusion of People with Severe Cognitive Disabilities; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 An Ethics of Care as a Naturalized Ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.3 Problematic Inclusion and Effective Exclusion from the Moral Community8.3.1 Singer's Arguments; 8.3.2 Jeff McMahan's Arguments; 8.4 The Ethics of Philosophizing and the Best Practices of Ethical Thinking; 8.4.1 The Practice of Epistemic Responsibility: Know the Subject that you are Using to Make a Philosophical Point; 8.4.2 Epistemic Modesty: Know What You Don't Know; 8.4.3 Humility: Resist the Arrogant Imposition of Your Own Values; 8.4.4 Accountability: Attend to the Consequences of Your Philosophizing; 8.5 Concluding Remarks: Ethical Best Practices; 8.6 Notes; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Part III Remaking the Moral and Political Subject
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402090776
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (online resource)
    Series Statement: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 21
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Haji, Ishtiyaque Freedom and value
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Free will and determinism ; Well-being Moral and ethical aspects ; Freiheit ; Wohlfahrt ; Ethik
    Abstract: Freedom of the sort implicated in acting freely or with free will is important to the truth of different sorts of moral judgment, such as judgments of moral responsibility and those of moral obligation. Little thought, however, has been invested into whether appraisals of good or evil presuppose free will. This important topic has not commanded the attention it deserves owing to what is perhaps a prevalent assumption that freedom leaves judgments concerning good and evil largely unaffected. The central aim of this book is to dispute this assumption by arguing for the relevance of free will to the truth of two sorts of such judgment: welfare-ranking judgments or judgments of personal well-being (when is one's life intrinsically good for the one who lives it?), and world-ranking judgments (when is a possible world intrinsically better than another?). The book also examines free wills impact on the truth of such judgments for central issues in moral obligation and in the free will debate. This book should be of interest to those working on intrinsic value, personal well-being, moral obligation, and free will.
    URL: Cover
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402054747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 386 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 256
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Spohn, Wolfgang, 1950 - Causation, coherence and concepts
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Theoretische Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Sprachphilosophie
    URL: Cover
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789048124015
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift ; Warschauer Schule
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402088001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 8
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Limnatis, Nectarios G. German idealism and the problem of knowledge: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 ; Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 1762-1814 ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 1775-1854 ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831 ; Idealism, German ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Germany ; Deutscher Idealismus ; Erkenntnis ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Erkenntnis ; Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 1762-1814 ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Erkenntnis ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Erkenntnis
    Abstract: The problem of knowledge in German Idealism has drawn increasing attention in recent years. This is the first attempt at a systematic critique that covers all four major figures, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In examining the evolution of the German idealist discussion with respect to a broad array of concepts (epistemology, metaphysics, logic, dialectic, contradiction, totality, and several others), the author draws from a wide variety of sources in several languages, employs lucid and engaging language, and offers a fresh, incisive and challenging critique. Limnatis contrasts Kant’s epistemological assertiveness with his ontological scepticism as a critical issue in the development of the discourse in German Idealism, and argues that Fichte’s phenomenological demarche only amplifies the Kantian impasse, but allows him to launch a path-breaking critique of formal logic, and to press forward the dialectic. Schelling’s later restoration of metaphysics aims exactly at overcoming the Fichtean conflict between epistemological monism and ontological dualism. And it is Hegel who synthesizes the preceding discussion and unambiguously addresses the need for a new philosophical logic, the dialectical logic. Limnatis scrutinizes Hegel’s deduction in the Phenomenology, invokes modern genetic epistemology, and advances a non-metaphysical reading of the Science of Logic as a genetic theory of systematic knowledge and as circular epistemology. Emphasizing the unity between the logical and the historical, the distinction between intellectual (verständlich) and rational (vernünftig) explanation, and the cognitive importance of contradiction, the author argues for the prospect of an evolving totality of reflective reason.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9781402062797
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 255
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Rethinking scientific change and theory comparison
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Wissenschaftsentwicklung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    URL: Cover
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402068720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 110
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Moral psychology today
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Moralpsychologie ; Rational Choice ; Wert ; Wille ; Kongress ; Stevens Point 〈2004〉 ; Psychology and philosophy Congresses ; Values Congresses ; Will Congresses ; Moralpsychologie
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402082375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 217 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 258
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Futch, Michael J. Leibniz's metaphysics of time and space
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Metaphysik ; Raum ; Zeit
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402059674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 306 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mechanics and natural philosophy before the scientific revolution
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Philosophy, medieval ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Physics History ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mechanik ; Geschichte Anfänge-1740 ; Naturphilosophie ; Geschichte Anfänge-1740
    Abstract: This volume deals with a variety of moments in the history of mechanics when conflicts arose within one textual tradition, between different traditions, or between textual traditions and the wider world of practice. Its purpose is to show how the accommodations sometimes made in the course of these conflicts ultimately contributed to the emergence of modern mechanics.
    Abstract: Modern mechanics was forged in the seventeenth century from materials inherited from Antiquity and transformed in the period from the Middle Ages through to the sixteenth century. These materials were transmitted through a number of textual traditions and within several disciplines and practices, including ancient and medieval natural philosophy, statics, the theory and design of machines, and mathematics. This volume deals with a variety of moments in the history of mechanics when conflicts arose within one textual tradition, between different traditions, or between textual traditions and the wider world of practice. Its purpose is to show how the accommodations sometimes made in the course of these conflicts ultimately contributed to the emergence of modern mechanics. The first part of the volume is concerned with ancient mechanics and its transformations in the Middle Ages, the second part with the reappropriation of ancient mechanics and especially with the reception of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Mechanica in the Renaissance, and the third and final part, with early-modern mechanics in specific social, national, and institutional contexts.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9781402058813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 393 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 182
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Rediscovering phenomenology
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Neurosciences ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Phenomenology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Phänomenologie ; Exakte Wissenschaften ; Erkenntnis ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Transzendentale Phänomenologie ; Mathematik ; Logik ; Physik ; Wahrnehmung ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: This book proposes a new phenomenological analysis of the questions of perception and cognition which are of paramount importance for a better understanding of those processes which underlies the formation of knowledge and consciousness. It presents many clear arguments showing how a phenomenological perspective helps to deeply interpret most fundamental findings of current research in neurosciences and also in mathematical and physical sciences.
    Abstract: Beyond their remarkable technical accomplishments, the new directions taken by the sciences in recent decades call for renewal of their epistemological basis. The purpose of this book is to show that Husserl s transcendental phenomenology, if properly re-examined, provides the required framework for such an epistemology. This re-examination is both critical and constructive. (i) The absolute subjectivization or the full naturalization of consciousness must be rejected. (ii) The necessarily transcendental character of phenomenology is put to work in the search for a systematic connection between the modes of theoretical objectivation and the apprehension of the phenomenal world by intentional consciousness. A new look at some of the fundamental issues opened up by Husserl is thus suggested by recent advances in the theory of perception, attention, and the will, foundations of mathematics and formal logic, space-time or quantum physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Matter; Husserl and the Phenomenology of Attention; Phénoménologie et méréologie de la perception spatiale, de Husserl aux théoriciens de la Gestalt; On the Relationship between Parts and Wholes in Husserl's Phenomenology; Space and Movement. On Husserl's Geometry of the Visual Field; On Naturalizing Free; Perseverance and Adjustment: On Weyl's Phenomenological Philosophy of Nature; Mathematical Concepts and Physical Objects; Understanding Quantum Mechanics with Bohr and Husserl; Husserl between Formalism and Intuitionism
    Description / Table of Contents: The Two-Sidedness and the Rationalistic Ideal of Formal Logic: Husserl and GödelMettre les structures en mouvement: La phénoménologie et la dynamique de l'intuition conceptuelle. Sur la pertinence phénoménologique de la théorie des catégories; Pourquoi les nombres sont-ils «naturels»?; Back Matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Cover
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402062285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 217 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Amsterdam Studies in Jewish Thought 13
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Riessen, Renée van, 1954 - Man as a Place of God
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Lévinas, Emmanuel 1906-1995 ; Ethik ; Kenosis
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402041921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 263 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 7
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Goldstein, Joshua D. Hegel's idea of the good life
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    Keywords: Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich ; 1770-1831 ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science ; Philosophy ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Gutes Leben ; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770-1831 ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Politische Philosophie ; Freiheit ; Gutes Leben
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 570 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 78
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Life sciences. ; Ethics. ; Medical ethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ontology. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Bioethik
    Abstract: Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- The Emergence of Bioethics -- The History of Bioethics as a Discipline -- Bioethical Theory -- Principles and Principlism -- Casuistry -- Virtue Theory in Philosophy of Medicine -- Common Morality -- Feminist Approaches to Bioethics -- Four Narrative Approaches to Bioethics -- Philosophy of Medicine and Medical Ethics: A Phenomenological Perspective -- Core Concepts in Clinical Ethics -- The Logic of Health Concepts -- Physicians and Patients in Relation: Clinical Interpretation and Dialogues of Trust -- Informed Consent -- Philosophical Challenges to the Use of Advance Directives -- Ethics Committees and Case Consultation: Theory and Practice -- The Public Policy Context -- The Ethics of Controlled Clinical Trials -- Ethical Issues in the Use of Cost Effectiveness Analysis for the Prioritization of Health Resources -- Sic Et Non: Some Disputed Questions in Reproductive Ethics -- Testing Genes and Constructing Humans — Ethics and Genetics -- Foundations of the Health Professions -- Death, Dying, Euthanasia, and Palliative Care: Perspectives from Philosophy of Medicine and Ethics -- Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry -- Nursing Ethics -- Geroethics -- Ethics and Philosophy of Public Health.
    Abstract: In general, the history of virtue theory is well-documented (Sherman, 1997; O’Neill, 1996). Its relationship to medicine is also recorded in our work and in that of others (Pellegrino and Thomasma, 1993b; 1996; Drane, 1994; Ellos, 1990). General publications stress the importance of training the young in virtuous practices. Still, the popularity of education in virtue is widely viewed as part of a conservative backlash to modern liberal society. Given the authorship of some of these works by professional conservatives like William Bennett (1993; 1995), this concern is authentic. One might correspondingly fear that greater adoption of virtue theory in medicine will be accompanied by a corresponding backward-looking social agenda. Worse yet, does reaffirmation of virtue theory lacquer over the many challenges of the postmodern world view as if these were not serious concerns? After all, recreating the past is the “retro” temptation of our times. Searching for greater certitude than we can now obtain preoccupies most thinkers today. One wishes for the old clarity and certitudes (Engelhardt, 1991). On the other hand, the same thinkers who yearn for the past, like Engelhardt sometimes seems to do, might stress the unyielding gulf between past and present that creates the postmodern reaction to all systems of Enlightenment thought (1996).
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401761741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 319 p.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Ethics. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Klonierung ; Rechtsethik ; Christliche Ethik ; Humangenetik ; Recht ; Mensch ; Klonierung ; Recht
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306482144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 427 p. 6 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Wiener Kreis ; Neopositivismus
    Abstract: What is the Vienna Circle? -- What is the Vienna Circle? -- Origins and History -- Pluralism of Tenable World Views -- On the Formation of Logical Empiricism -- Bolzano’s Account of Justification -- Kantian Metaphysics and Hertzian Mechanics -- Moritz Schlick -- Moritz Schlick’s Idea of Non-territorial States -- An Unknown Side of Moritz Schlick’s Intellectual Biography: The Reviews for the “Vierteljahrschrift Für Wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie” (1911–1916) -- Between Meaning and Demarcation -- “Let’s Talk about Flourishing!” — Moritz Schlick and the Non-cognitive Foundation of Virtue Ethics -- Hans Reichenbach -- Coordination and Convention in Hans Reichenbach’s Philosophy of Space -- Reichenbach’s ?-Definition of Simultaneity in Historical and Philosophical Perspective -- Other Proponents and Periphery -- Towards a Physicalistic Attitude -- Logical Empiricism and Phenomenology: Felix Kaufmann -- Béla von Juhos and the Concept of “Konstatierungen” -- Wittgenstein’s Constructivization of Euler’s Proof of the Infinity of Primes -- Quine’S Historical Argument for Epistemology Naturalized -- Unity and Plurality -- Two Uses of Unification -- Unity and Plurality in the Concept of Causation -- Edgar Zilsel’s Research Programme: Unity of Science as an Empirical Problem -- Contexts of Science -- Criticizing a Difference of Contexts — On Reichenbach’S Distincition Between “Context of Discovery” and “Context of Justification” -- Contextualizing an Epistemological Issue: The Case of Error in Experiment -- The Contexts of Scientific Justification. Some Reflections on the Relation Between Epistemological Contextualism and Philosophy of Science -- Epistemology -- Modal Skepticism. Philosophical Thought Experiments and Modal Epistemology -- Structure and Heuristic: In Praise of Structural Reallism in the Case of Niels Bohr -- Ethics -- The Neutrality of Meta-Ethics Revisited — How to Draw on Einstein and the Vienna Circle in Developing an Adequate Account of Morals -- Women of Logical Empiricism -- No Woman, No Try? — Else Frenkel-Brunswik and the Project of Integrating Psychoanalysis into the Unity of Science -- Susan Stebbing on Cambridge and Vienna Analysis -- Susan Stebbing’s Criticism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- Rose Rand: a Woman in Logic -- Report — Documentation -- Logical Positivism in Russia.
    Abstract: The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism is for scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on Logical Empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). This volume features recent work from international research and historiography on the Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism and their influence. It is unique in that it: -provides historical and systematic research; -deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/Logical Empiricism on today's philosophy of science; -explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy; -unites contributions by renowned scholars and a younger generation of philosophers; -focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents; -features crucial issues of Logical Empiricism; -documents the activities of the Vienna Circle Institute; -includes reviews on related topics.
    Note: Includes papers from a symposium held July 12-14, 2001 at the University of Vienna , Includes bibliographical references and index
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