Abstract: I -- II -- Erratum.

Abstract: This book may be considered to be Volume II of the Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah, the text edition which appeared in 1975 as number 12 in the same series. When mention is made of "Volume I", it is the latter which is referred to. The present publication contains first and foremost an abbreviated translation of the Malay text. With regard to the rather repetitious and cliche-ridden character of the latter, it was believed that little was to be gained by a literal word-for-word translation. I hope that little essential has been left out and that the flavour of the original has percolated through to the English rendering ! For this purpose I have especially endeavoured to render many dia­ logues as 'verbatim' as feasible. The translation has been accompanied by notes whose main purpose it is to enable a running comparison with the Persian original. Copious quotations of the Malay and Persian texts should enable the expert reader to reach his own conclusions. Another feature of this second volume is the commentaries that follow some of the chapters trans­ lated. Their purpose is to determine the position of the account of the H. M. H.

Abstract: 1. The development of modem psychology, Dilthey’s decisive critique and his proposals for a reform (explanatory and descriptive psychology) -- 2. The reasons for the limited influence of Dilthey upon his contemporaries: the inadequacy of their understanding and the limits of his beginning -- 3. Task and significance of the Logical Investigations -- a) Critique of psychologism; the essence of irreal (ideal) objects and of irreal (ideal) truths -- b) Researching the correlation: ideal object — psychic lived experiencing (forming of sense) by means of essential description in the reflective attitude -- c) More precise characterization of the reflection decisive for phenomenology (step by step accomplishment of the reflection) -- d) Brentano as pioneer for research in internal experience — discovery of intentionality as the fundamental character of the psychic -- e) The further development of the thought of intentionality in the Logical Investigations. The productive character of consciousness. Transition from a purely descriptive psychology to an a priori (eidetic-intuitive) psychology and its significance for the theory of knowledge -- f) The consistent expansion and deepening of the question raised by the Logical Investigations. Showing the necessity of an epistemological grounding of a priori sciences by transcendental phenomenology — the science of transcendental subjectivity -- 4. Summarizing characterization of the new psychology -- Systematic Part -- 5. Delimiting phenomenological psychology: distinguishing it from the other socio-cultural sciences and from the natural sciences. Questioning the concepts, nature and mind -- 6. Necessity of the return to the pre-scientific experiential world and to the experience in which it is given (harmony of experience) -- 7. Classifying the sciences by a return to the experiental world. The systematic connection of the sciences, based upon the structural connection of the experiential world; idea of an all-inclusive science as science of the all-inclusive world-structure and of the concrete sciences which have as their theme the individual forms of experiential objects. Significance of the empty horizons -- 8. The science of the all-inclusive world-structure as a priori science -- 9. Seeing essences as genuine method for grasping the a priori -- a) Variation as the decisive step in the dissociation from the factual by fantasy — the eidos as the invariable -- b) Variation and alteration -- c) The moments of ideation: starting with an example (model); disclosure brought about by an open infinity of variants (optional-ness of the process of forming variants); overlapping coincidence of the formation of variants in a synthetic unity; grasping what agrees as the eidos -- d) Distinguishing between empirical generalization and ideation -- e) Bringing out the sequence of levels of genera and gaining the highest genera by variation of ideas — seeing of ideas without starting from experience -- f) Summarizing characterization of the seeing of essences -- 10. The method of intuitive universalization and of ideation as instruments toward gaining the universal structural concepts of a world taken without restriction by starting from the experiential world (“natural concept of the world”). Possibility of an articulation of the sciences of the world and establishment of the signification of the science of the mind -- 11. Characterizing the science of the natural concept of the world. Differentiating this concept of experience from the Kantian concept of experience. Space and time as the most universal structures of the world -- 12. Necessity of beginning with the experience of something singular, in which passive synthesis brings about unity -- 13. Distinguishing between self-sufficient and non-self-sufficient realities. Determination of real unity by means of causality -- 14. Order of realities in the world -- 15. Characterizing the psychophysical realities of the experiential world. Greater self-sufficiency of the corporeal vis-à-vis the psyche -- 16. The forms in which the mental makes its appearance in the experiential world. The specific character of the cultural object, which is determined in its being by a relation to a subject -- 17. Reduction to pure realities as substrates of exclusively real properties. Exclusion of irreal cultural senses -- 18. Opposition of the subjective and the objective in the attitude of the natural scientist -- 19. The true world in itself a necessary presumption -- 20. Objectivity demonstrable in intersubjective agreement. Normalcy and abnormalcy -- 21. Hierarchical structure of the psychic -- 22. Concept of physical reality as enduring substance of causal determinations -- 23. Physical causality as inductive. Uniqueness of psychic interweaving -- 24. The unity of the psychic -- 25. The idea of an all-inclusive science of nature. Dangers of the naturalistic prejudice -- 26. The subjective in the world as objective theme -- 27. The difficulty that the objective world is constituted by excluding the subjective, but that everything subjective itself belongs to the world -- 28. Carrying out the reflective turn of regard toward the subjective. The perception of physical things in the reflective attitude -- 29. Perceptual field — perceptual space -- 30. Spatial primal presence -- 31. Hyle — hyletic data as matter for intentional functions -- 32. Noticing givenness as I-related mode of givenness of the object -- 33. Objective temporality and temporality of the stream -- 34. Distinction between immanent and transcendent, real and irreal in perception. The object as irreal pole -- 35. Substrate-pole and property-pole. The positive significance of the empty horizon -- 36. The intentional object of perception -- 37. The phenomenological reduction as a method of disclosing the immanent -- 38. The access to pure subjectivity from external perception -- 39. Analysis of perception with regard to the perceiver himself -- 40. The problem of temporality: presenting — retention and protention (positional and quasi-positional modifications of perception and their significance for practical life) -- 41. Reflection upon the object-pole in the noematic attitude and reflection upon the I-pole as underlying it. All-inclusive synthesis of the I-pole. The I as pole of activities and habitualities -- 42. The I of primal institutions and of institutions which follow others. Identity of the I maintaining its convictions. The individuality of the I makes itself known in its decisions which are based upon convictions -- 43. The unity of the subject as monad — static and genetic investigation of the monad. Transition from the isolated monad to the totality of monads -- 44. Phenomenological psychology foundational both for the natural and for the personal exploration of the psyche and for the corresponding sciences -- 45. Retrospective sense-investigation -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: THE TEXT In the summer semester of 1925 in Freiburg, Edmund Husserl delivered a lecture course on phenomenological psychology, in 1926127 a course on the possibility of an intentional psychology, and in 1928 a course entitled "Intentional Psychology. " In preparing the critical edition of Phiinomeno­ logische Psychologie (Husserliana IX), I Walter Biemel presented the entire 1925 course as the main text and included as supplements significant excerpts from the two subsequent courses along with pertinent selections from various research manuscripts of Husserl. He also included as larger supplementary texts the final version and two of the three earlier drafts of Husserl's Encyclopedia Britannica article, "Phenomenology"2 (with critical comments and a proposed formulation of the Introduction and Part I of the second draft by Martin Heidegger3), and the text of Husserl's Amsterdam lecture, "Phenomenological Psychology," which was a further revision of the Britannica article. Only the main text of the 1925 lecture course (Husserliana IX, 1-234) is translated here. In preparing the German text for publication, Walter Biemel took as his basis Husserl's original lecture notes (handwritten in shorthand and I Hague: Nijhoff, 1962, 1968. The second impression, 1968, corrects a number of printing mistakes which occur in the 1962 impression. 2 English translation by Richard E. Palmer in Journal o{ the British Society {or Phenomenology, II (1971), 77-90. 3 Heidegger's part of the second draft is available in English as Martin Heidegger, "The Idea of Phenomenology," tr. John N. Deely and Joseph A.

Abstract: I. Plato in Antiquity -- 1. Plato’s first successors -- 2. Aristotle and the older Peripatetics -- 3. New schools: Zeno, Epicurus, Pyrrho -- 4. The Academy as the school of uncertainty -- 5. Back to certainty -- 6. In Rome. Cicero -- 7. Contacts with the Old Testament -- 8. Across the boundaries of the schools -- 9. Before Plotinus -- 10. The first contacts with Christianity -- 11. Plotinus and the Neo-Platonists -- 12. The Christian Fathers -- 13. Ancient laudatory and calumnious legends on Plato -- 14. Interpretation, criticism, polemics -- 15. Other responses and effects -- II. Plato in the Middle Ages and in the New Age -- 16. Entry into the Middle Ages in the East -- 17. The West before the Renaissance -- 18. The beginning of the Italian Renaissance -- 19. Plato and Aristotle, contest and temporary reconciliation -- 20. Marsilio Ficino. The Florentin Academy -- 21. The diffusion of Renaissance Platonism -- 22. From Descartes to Kant -- 23. The age of the autocracy of reason -- 24. The new Humanism -- 25. Modern Platonic scholarship -- 26. Plato in modern philosophy -- 27. New translations. From science to literature -- 28. Plastic, graphic and mechanical arts. Music. Education -- 29. Life without end -- Name index -- Picture index.

Abstract: Plato's earthly life ended in the year 347 B. C. At the same time, however, began his posthumous life - a life of great influence and fame leaving its mark on aU eras of the history of European learning -lasting until present times. Plato's philosophy has taken root earlier or later in innumerable souls of others, it has matured and given birth to new ideas whose proliferation further dissemi­ nated the vital force of the original thoughts. It happened sometimes, of course, that by various interpretations different and sometimes altogether contradictory thoughts were deduced from one and the same Platonic doctrine: this possibility is also characteristic of Plato's genius. Even though in the history of Platonism there were times less active and creative, the continuity of its tradition has never been completely interrupted and where there was no growth and progress, at least that what had been once accepted has been kept alive. When enquiring into Plato's influence on the development of learning, we shall above all consider the individual approach of various personalities to Plato's philosophy, personal Platonism, which at its best concerns itself with the literary heritage of Plato and though accessible was not always much sought for.

Abstract: 1 What operational research is and does -- 2 Measuring uncertainty -- 3 Queuing problems -- 4 Business forecasting -- 5 Simulation and Monte Carlo Methods -- 6 Stock and production control models -- 7 Resource allocation -- 8 Planning projects -- 9 Analysing decisions -- 10 Operational gaming -- 11 Other operational research techniques -- 12 Conclusions -- Name Index -- General Index.

Abstract: There is nothing more difficult to take in hand. more perilous to conduct. or more uncertain in its success. than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions. and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new. Machiavelli. The Prince When this book was first written in 1959 I was myself a practising operational research worker in charge of a small group at the Glacier Metal Company, concerned with using Operational Research philosophy and techniques to help solve some of the managerial problems inside the company. About that time Operational Research was beginning to attract attention in industrial circles. Many quite large research groups were being founded. The advertisement columns of the Sunday press and certain daily newspapers were full of advertisements for Operational Research practitioners, at then quite attractive salaries.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Inter-American Obligations on Human Rights -- III. What are Human Rights? -- IV. The IACHR: Its Origins and Organization -- V. The IACHR and the Promotion of Human Rights -- VI. The IACHR and the Protection of Human Rights -- VII. Conclusion -- Appendix: The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.

Abstract: This book is a product of my long-standing interest in international action on human rights, an interest which I developed as a graduate student and which I have maintained as a teacher and researcher. I am indebted to Professor Vernon Van Dyke of the University of Iowa for stimulating my interest in the subject and for guiding the preparation of my Ph. D. thesis, of which this book is a greatly revised and expanded version. I should also like to express my ap­ preciation to Professor A. Glenn Mower, Jr. , of Hanover College, and to my colleague Glenn N. Schram, both of whom read the thesis and made many helpful suggestions when I began to revise it for publication. The book is im­ proved as a result of their efforts, though I alone remain responsible for any errors of fact or interpretation. Most of the research on the book was done at the Columbus Memorial Library of the OAS in Washington, D. C. , and I am grateful to the librarians there for kind and efficient assistance. The Marquette University Committee on Research provided me with a research grant for the summer of 1974 and supplementary grants in 1975 and 1976 which facilitated the completion of the manuscript: I am grateful for this assistance. I have endeavored to include all material available to me as of the end of March, 1976.

Abstract: I. Philosophy of Human Communication -- 1. Communication as Problematic -- 2. Philosophic Method and Communication -- 3. Speech Act Propositions -- II. Speech Act Structures -- 1. Constatives -- 2. Performatives -- 3. Rules and Conventions -- 4. Locutionary Acts -- III. Speech Act Contents -- 1. Meaning -- 2. Illocutionary Acts -- IV. Speech Act Communication -- 1. Perlocutionary Acts -- 2. Speech as Communication -- V. Existential Speech and the Phenomenology of Communication -- 1. Existential Phenomenology -- 2. Encountering Phenomenological Existence -- 3. The Dialectic Critique -- 1. Books -- 2. Essays and Articles -- 3. Unpublished Materials.

Abstract: The nature and function of language as Man's chief vehicle of communi­ cation occupies a focal position in the human sciences, particularly in philosophy. The concept of 'communication' is problematic because it suggests both 'meaning' (the nature of language) and the activity of speaking (the function of language). The philosophic theory of 'speech acts' is one attempt to clarify the ambiguities of 'speech' as both the use of language to describe states of affair and the process in which that description is generated as 'communication'. The present study, Speech Act Phenomenology, is in part an exam­ ination of speech act theory. The theory offers an explanation for speech performance, that is, the structure of speech acts as 'relationships' and the content of speech acts as 'meaning'. The primary statement of the speech act theory that is examined is that presented by Austin. A seconda­ ry concern is the formulation of the theory as presented by Searle and Grice. The limitations of the speech act theory are specified by applying the theory as an explanation of 'human communication'. This conceptual examination of 'communication' suggests that the philosophic method of 'analysis' does not resolve the antinomy of language 'nature' and 'function'. Basically, the conceptual distinctions of the speech act theory (i. e. locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions) are found to be empty as a comprehensive explanation of the concept 'communication'.

Abstract: I: The Man and His Work -- 1. Life -- 2. General Introduction -- II: Philosophy of Science -- to Part II -- 3. The Idea of Equivalence -- 4. Mathematical Concepts of the Material World -- 5. The Philosophy of Nature -- 6. Science and the Modern World -- 7. The Philosophy of Time -- III: Metaphysics -- 8. Process and Reality -- 9. Prehensions and Societies -- 10. Perception and Bodily Dependency -- 11. Propositions and Judgments -- 12. Causation and Perception -- 13. Religion, Deity and the Order of Nature -- Name Index.

Abstract: 1 The English People and War in the Early Sixteenth Century -- 2 Holland’s Experience of War during the Revolt of the Netherlands -- 3 The Army Revolt of 1647 -- 4 Holland’s Financial Problems (1713–1733) and the Wars against Louis XIV -- 5 Municipal Government and the Burden of the Poor in South Holland during the Napoleonic Wars -- 6 The Sinews of War: The Role of Dutch Finance in European Politics (c. 1750–1815) -- 7 Britain and Blockade, 1780–1940 -- 8 Away from Impressment: The Idea of a Royal Naval Reserve, 1696–1859 -- 9 Problems of Defence in a Non-Belligerent Society: Military Service in the Netherlands during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 10 World War II and Social Class in Great Britain -- 11 The Second World War and Dutch Society: Continuity and Change.

Abstract: War has ever exercised a great appeal on men's minds. Oscar Wilde's witticism notwithstanding this fascination cannot be attri­ buted simply to the wicked character of war. The demonic forces released by war have caught the artistic imagination, while sages have reflected on the enigmatic readiness of each new generation to wage war, despite the destruction, disillusion and exhaustion that war is known to bring in its train. If there never was a good war and a bad peace why did armed conflicts recur with such distressing regularity ? Was large-scale violence an intrinsic condition of Man? The answers given to such questions have differed widely: it has even been suggested that the states of war and peace are not as far removed from one another as is usually supposed. The causes of war and the interaction between war and society have long been the subject of philosophical enquiry and historical analysis. Accord­ ing to Thucydides no one was ever compelled to go to war; Cicero remarked how dumb were the laws in time of war, while Clausewitz's profound observation concerning the affinity between war and politics has become almost a commonplace. War being the severest test a society or state can experience historians have naturally been concerned to investigate their rela­ tionship.

Abstract: Descriptive Psychology and the Human Studies -- Lived Experience, Understanding and Description -- Structure and Development in Psychic Life -- Psychology and Hermeneutics -- Understanding, Re-experiencing and Historical Interpretation -- Ideas concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology (1894) -- I: The Problem of a Psychological Foundation for the Human Studies -- II: Distinction between Explanatory and Descriptive Psychology -- III: Explanatory Psychology -- IV: Descriptive and Analytic Psychology -- V: Relationships between Explanatory Psychology and Descriptive Psychology -- VI: Possibility and Conditions of the Solution of the Task of a Descriptive Psychology -- VII: The Structure of Psychic Life -- VIII: The Development of Psychic Life -- IX: Study of the Differences of Psychic Life: The Individual -- Remark -- The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Expressions of Life -- I. Expressions of Life -- II. The Elementary Forms of Understanding -- III. Objective Spirit and Elementary Understanding -- IV. The Higher Forms of Understanding -- V. Projecting, Re-creating, Re-experiencing -- VI. Exegesis or Interpretation -- Appendices.

Abstract: Perhaps no philosopher has so fully explored the nature and conditions of historical understanding as Wilhelm Dilthey. His work, conceived overall as a Critique of Historical Reason and developed through his well-known theory of the human studies, provides concepts and methods still fruitful for those concerned with analyzing the human condition. Despite the increasing recognition of Dilthey's contributions, relati­ vely few of his writings have as yet appeared in English translation. It is therefore both timely and useful to have available here two works drawn from different phases in the development of his philosophy. The "Ideas Concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology" (1894), now translated into English for the first time, sets forth Dilthey's programma­ tic and methodological viewpoints through a descriptive psychology, while "The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Expressions of Life" (ca. 1910) is representative of his later hermeneutic approach to historical understanding. DESCRIPTIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE HUMAN STUDIES Dilthey presented the first mature statement of his theory of the human studies in volume one of his Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (Introduction to the Human Studies), published in 1883. He argued there that for the proper study of man and history we must eschew the metaphysical speculation of the absolute idealists while at the same time avoiding the scientistic reduction of positivism.

Abstract: The Problem of Transcendental Arguments and the Second Critique as Test Case -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Working Model for Transcendental Arguments -- 3. Criteria of a Successful Account of the Argument-Structure of the Analytic of the Second Critique -- The Argument of the Analytic -- 4. Preliminary Outline of the Argument of the Analytic as a Whole -- 5. The Argument of Chapter 1 -- 6. The Argument of Chapter 2 -- 7. The Argument of Chapter 3 -- Conclusions -- 8. Conclusions and Discussion -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Beck’s Account of the Argument -- Appendix B: Silber’s Account of the Argument -- Appendix C: The Fact of Pure Practical Reason -- Appendix D: Maxims and Laws -- Notes.

Abstract: This work is in no way intended as a commentary on the second Cri­ tique, or even on the Analytic of that book. Instead I have limited myself to the attempt to extract the essential structure of the argument of the Analytic and to exhibit it as an instance of a transcendental argument (namely, one establishing the conditions of the possibility of a practical cognitive viewpoint). This limitation of scope has caused me, in some cases, to ignore or treat briefly concrete questions of Kant's practical philosophy that deserve much closer consideration; and in other cases it has led me to relegate questions that could not be treated briefly to appendixes ,in order not to distract from the development of the argu­ ment. As a result, it is the argument-structure itself that receives pri­ mary attention, and I think some justification should be offered for this concentration on what may seem to be a purely formal concern. One of the most common weaknesses of interpretations of Kant's works is a failure to distinguish the level of generality at which Kant's argument is being developed. This failure is particularly fatal in dealing with the Critiques, since in interpreting them it is important to keep clearly in mind that it is not this or that cognition that is at stake, but the possibility of (a certain kind of) knowledge as such.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Scope of book -- 1.3 Notation and definitions -- 2. Pipe and Channel Flow -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Laminar flow theory: channel -- 2.3 Laminar flow theory: pipe -- 2.4 The Reynolds number -- 2.5 The entry length -- 2.6 Transition to turbulent flow -- 2.7 Relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient -- 3. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Reynolds number -- 3.3 Flow patterns -- 3.4 Drag -- 4. Convection in Horizontal Layers -- 4.1 The configuration -- 4.2 Onset of motion -- 4.3 Flow regimes -- 5. Equations of Motion -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid particles and continuum mechanics -- 5.3 Eulerian and Langrangian co-ordinates -- 5.4 Continuity equation -- 5.5 The substantive derivative -- 5.6 The Navier—Stokes equation -- 5.7 Boundary conditions -- 5.8 Condition for incompressibility -- Appendix: Derivation of viscous term of dynamical equation -- 6. Further Basic Ideas -- 6.1 Streamlines, streamtubes, particle paths and streaklines -- 6.2 Computations for flow past a circular cylinder -- 6.3 The stream function -- 6.4 Vorticity -- 6.5 Vorticity equation -- 6.6 Circulation -- 7. Dynamical Similarity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Condition for dynamical similarity: Reynolds number -- 7.3 Dependent quantities -- 7.4 Other governing non-dimensional parameters -- 8. Low and High Reynolds Numbers -- 8.1 Physical significance of the Reynolds number -- 8.2 Low Reynolds number -- 8.3 High Reynolds number -- 9. Some Solutions of the Viscous Flow Equations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Poiseuille flow -- 9.3 Rotating Couette flow -- 9.4 Stokes flow past a sphere -- 9.5 Low Reynolds number flow past a cylinder -- 10. Inviscid Flow -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Kelvin circulation theorem -- 10.3 Irrotational motion -- 10.4 Bernoulli’s equation -- 10.5 Drag in inviscid flow: d’Alembert’s ‘paradox’ -- 10.6 Applications of Bernoulli’s equation -- 10.7 Some definitions -- 11. Boundary Layers and Related Topics -- 11.1 Boundary layer formation -- 11.2 The boundary layer approximation -- 11.3 Zero pressure gradient solution -- 11.4 Boundary layer separation -- 11.5 Drag on bluff bodies -- 11.6 Streamlining -- 11.7 Wakes -- 11.8 Jets -- 11.9 Momentum and energy in viscous flow -- 12. Lift -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Two-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.3 Three-dimensional aerofoils -- 12.4 Spinning bodies -- 13. Thermal Flows: Basic Equations and Concepts -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Equations of convection -- 13.3 Classification of convective flows -- 13.4 Forced convection -- 13.5 Flow with concentration variations (mass transfer) -- 14. Free Convection -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The governing non-dimensional parameters -- 14.3 The adiabatic temperature gradient -- 14.4 Free convection as a heat engine -- 14.5 Convection from a heated vertical surface -- 14.6 Thermal plumes -- 14.7 Convection in fluid layers -- Appendix: The Boussinesq approximation in free convection -- 15. Flow in Rotating Fluids -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Centrifugal and Coriolis forces -- 15.3 Geostrophic flow and the Taylor—Proud man theorem -- 15.4 Taylor columns -- 15.5 Ekman layers -- 15.6 Intrinsic stability and inertial waves -- 15.7 Rossby waves -- 15.8 Convection in a rotating annulus -- 16. Stratified Flow -- 16.1 Basic concepts -- 16.2 Blocking -- 16.3 Lee waves -- 16.4 Internal waves -- 16.5 Stratification and rotation -- 17. Instability Phenomena -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Surface tension instability of a liquid column -- 17.3 Convection due to internal heat generation -- 17.4 Convection due to surface tension variations -- 17.5 Instability of rotating Couette flow -- 17.6 Shear flow instability -- 18. The Theory of Hydro Dynamic Stability -- 18.1 The nature of linear stability theory -- 18.2 Onset of Bénard convection -- 18.3 Overstability -- 18.4 Rotating Couette flow -- 18.5 Boundary layer stability -- 19. Transition to Turbulence -- 19.1 Boundary layer transition -- 19.2 Transition in jets and other free shear flows -- 19.3 Pipe flow transition -- 20. Turbulence -- 20.1 The nature of turbulent motion -- 20.2 Introduction to the statistical description of turbulent motion -- 20.3 Formulation of the statistical description -- 20.4 Turbulence equations -- 20.5 Calculation methods -- 20.6 Interpretation of correlations -- 20.7 Spectra -- 20.8 The concept of eddies -- 21. Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Space correlations and the closure problem -- 21.3 Spectra and the energy cascade -- 21.4 Dynamical processes of the energy cascade -- 22. The Structure of Turbulent Flows -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Reynolds number similarity and self-preservation -- 22.3 Intermittency and entrainment -- 22.4 The structure of a turbulent wake -- 22.5 Turbulent motion near a wall -- 22.6 Large eddies in a boundary layer -- 22.7 The Coanda effect -- 22.8 Stratified shear flows -- 22.9 Reverse transition -- 23. Experimental Methods -- 23.1 General aspects of experimental fluid dynamics -- 23.2 Velocity measurement -- 23.3 Pressure and temperature measurement -- 23.4 Flow visualization -- 24. Practical Situations -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Cloud patterns -- 24.3 Waves in the atmospheric circulation -- 24.4 Continental drift and convection in the Earth’s mantle -- 24.5 Solar granulation -- 24.6 Effluent dispersal -- 24.7 Wind effects on structures -- 24.8 Boundary layer control: vortex generators -- 24.9 Fluidics -- 24.10 Undulatory swimming -- 24.11 Convection from the human body -- 24.12 The flight of a boomerang -- Notation -- Problems -- Bibliography and References.

Abstract: To classify a book as 'experimental' rather than 'theoretical' or as 'pure' rather than 'applied' is liable to imply umeal distinctions. Nevertheless, some Classification is necessary to teIl the potential reader whether the book is for him. In this spirit, this book may be said to treat fluid dynamies as a branch of physics, rather than as a branch of applied mathematics or of engineering. I have often heard expressions of the need for such a book, and certainly I have feIt it in my own teaching. I have written it primariIy for students of physics and of physics-based applied science, aIthough I hope others may find it useful. The book differs from existing 'fundamental' books in placing much greater emphasis on what we know through laboratory experiments and their physical interpretation and less on the mathe­ matieal formalism. It differs from existing 'applied' books in that the choice of topics has been made for the insight they give into the behaviour of fluids in motion rather than for their practical importance. There are differences also from many existing books on fluid dynamics in the branches treated, reflecting to some extent shifts of interest in reeent years. In particular, geophysical and astrophysical applications have prompted important fundamental developments in topics such as conveetion, stratified flow, and the dynamics of rotating fluids. These developments have hitherto been reflected in the contents of textbooks only to a limited extent.

Abstract: 1 The English People and War in the Early Sixteenth Century -- 2 Holland’s Experience of War during the Revolt of the Netherlands -- 3 The Army Revolt of 1647 -- 4 Holland’s Financial Problems (1713–1733) and the Wars against Louis XIV -- 5 Municipal Government and the Burden of the Poor in South Holland during the Napoleonic Wars -- 6 The Sinews of War: The Role of Dutch Finance in European Politics (c. 1750–1815) -- 7 Britain and Blockade, 1780–1940 -- 8 Away from Impressment: The Idea of a Royal Naval Reserve, 1696–1859 -- 9 Problems of Defence in a Non-Belligerent Society: Military Service in the Netherlands during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 10 World War II and Social Class in Great Britain -- 11 The Second World War and Dutch Society: Continuity and Change.

Abstract: War has ever exercised a great appeal on men's minds. Oscar Wilde's witticism notwithstanding this fascination cannot be attri­ buted simply to the wicked character of war. The demonic forces released by war have caught the artistic imagination, while sages have reflected on the enigmatic readiness of each new generation to wage war, despite the destruction, disillusion and exhaustion that war is known to bring in its train. If there never was a good war and a bad peace why did armed conflicts recur with such distressing regularity? Was large-scale violence an intrinsic condition of Man? The answers given to such questions have differed widely: it has even been suggested that the states of war and peace are not as far removed from one another as is usually supposed. The causes of war and the interaction between war and society have long been the subject of philosophical enquiry and historical analysis. Accord­ ing to Thucydides no one was ever compelled to go to war; Cicero remarked how dumb were the laws in time of war, while Clausewitz's profound observation concerning the affinity between war and politics has become almost a commonplace. War being the severest test a society or state can experience historians have naturally been concerned to investigate their rela­ tionship.

Abstract: 1. Body Structure and Functions -- 1.1 Skeleton -- 1.2 Skin and musculature -- 1.3 Respiratory organs and swimbladder -- 1.4 Feeding and organs of digestion -- 1.5 Circulation of the blood -- 1.6 Urinogenital system -- 1.7 The endocrine system -- 1.8 Nervous system and sense organs -- 2. Eel Species, their Developmental Stages and their Distribution -- 2.1 The European and American eels A. anguilla and A. rostrata -- 2.2 Indo-Pacific species -- 2.3 Zoogeographical relationships -- 3. Post-Larval Ecology and Behaviour -- 3.1 The glass eel and elvers : their migration on the Continental shelf and into freshwaters -- 3.2 Migration of pigmented young eels -- 3.3 The ‘Yellow eel’ stage to the ‘Silver eel’ stage -- 3.4 Silver eel migration -- 4. Fishing Yields -- 4.1 The development of eel fisheries -- 4.2 Annual and regional fluctuations in yield -- 4.3 Variation in catch size throughout the year -- 4.4 Population density and catch sizes from an economic and ecological viewpoint -- 5. Fishing Methods -- 5.1 Eel traps -- 5.2 Stow nets -- 5.3 Permanent eel traps -- 5.4 Seines and trawls -- 5.5 Angling and line fishing -- 5.6 Lift nets, spears and other equipment -- 5.7 The use of electricity -- 5.8 Combination with light -- 6. Eel Culture and Live Storage -- 6.1 Eel farming in Japan -- 6.2 Experiments on eel farming in Europe -- 6.3 Live storage -- 7. Diseases, Parasites and Injuries -- 7.1 Virus and bacterial diseases -- 7.2 Infestation by fungi, protozoa and metazoa -- 7.3 Teratological and other defects -- 8. Trade and Processing -- 8.1 International trade -- 8.2 Prices -- 8.3 Quality -- References.

Abstract: by Dr P .H. Greenwood British Museum (Natural History), London Dr Tesch's wide ranging account of anguillid eels impinges on the interests of many biologists; it is not simply a specialized tome narrowly aimed at ichthyologists and fishery scientists, rather it provides a source of primary reference and a comprehensive sununary of informa­ tion that is not likely to be superseded for a long time. It is significant that the bibliography includes references to learned journals concerned with physiology, pharmacology, taxonomy, genetics, zoology, endo­ crinology, botany, ecology and environmental interactions. Such is the breadth of interest in the Anguillidae. Few fish species have been subjected to as detailed review as Dr Tesch gives for the (wo Atlantic species of Anguilla. An equally comprehensive resume of research into the fourteen, rather less well-studied Indo­ Pacific species gives balance and reciprocal illumination to several biological problems posed by these similar but quite distinctive species.

Abstract: John Dewey ranks as the most influential of America's philosophers. That in­ fluence stems, in part, from the originality of his mind, the breadth of his in­ terests, and his capacity to synthesize materials from diverse sources. In addi­ tion, Dewey was blessed with a long life and the extraordinary energy to express his views in more than 50 books, approximately 750 articles, and at least 200 contributions to encyclopedias. He has made enduring intellectual contributions in all of the traditional fields of philosophy, ranging from studies primarily of interest for philosophers in logic, epistemology, and metaphysics to books and articles of wider appeal in ethics, political philosophy, religion, aesthetics, and education. Given the extent of Dewey's own writings and the many books and articles on his views by critics and defenders, it may be asked why there is a need for any further examination of his philosophy. The need arises because the lapse of time since his death in 1952 now permits a new generation of scholars to approach his work in a different spirit. Dewey is no longer a living partisan of causes, sparking controversy over the issues of the day. He is no longer the advocate of a new point of view which calls into question the basic assump­ tions of rival philosophical schools and receives an almost predictable criticism from their entrenched positions. His works have now become classics.

Abstract: One: Mythical Speaking “About” God -- 1. The Rejection of Myths and the “Denial” of God -- 2. The Rejection of Myths and the “Affirmation” of God -- 3. Mythical Speaking as Authentic Speaking “About” God -- 4. Retrospect and Prospect -- Two: the Rejection of Metaphysics and the “Negation” of God -- Analytic Philosophy -- Rudolf Carnap -- Ayer -- Flew -- Hare -- Findlay -- Three: the Rejection of Metaphysics and the “Affirmation” of God -- 1. Kant’s So-called “Agnosticism” -- 2. The Intellectualism and Objectivism of Christian Thought -- 3. The “Overcoming of Metaphysics” in Heidegger -- Four: the Acceptance of Metaphysics and the “Affirmation” of God -- 1. The Objectivistic Tradition: Lakebrink -- 2. The Spiritualistic-Monastic Tradition -- 3. Logical Empiricism -- Five: Hermeneutics of Religious Existence -- 1. The Calling of the Name “God” -- 2. The Proper Character of Religious Language -- 3. Speaking “About” God is Speaking About Man -- 4. Christian Religiousness -- Six: Religious Existence and Metaphysical Speech -- The God of Philosophers -- Rejection of the “Proofs” for God’s Existence by the Religious Man -- “The Conclusion of a ‘Proof’ for God’s Existence Can Never Be True” -- The Metaphysical “Proof” for the Existence of “God” -- Metaphysics in the Sciences -- Regional Ontologies -- Metaphysics in the Strict Sense -- Parmenides -- Affirmation in Negation -- “The Metaphysical in Man” -- “Why is There Something Rather Than Nothing?” -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This book is an attempt to interpret man's religious existence, an inter­ pretation for which some of the groundwork was laid by the author's book PHENOMENOLOGY AND ATHEISM (Duquesne University Press, 2nd impression, 1965). That work explored the "denial" of God by the leading atheists and came to terms with the most typical forms assumed by their "denials". Nevertheless, I am not an adherent of atheism. The reason why it is possible to agree with many "atheists" without becoming one of them is that man can misunderstand his own religiousness or lapse into an inauthentic form of being a believer. What many "atheists" unmask is one or the other form of pseudo-religiousness which should be unmasked. On the other hand, I have also constantly refused to identify religiousness with such inauthentic forms and to define it in terms of those forms - just as I refuse to identify the appendix with appendicitis, the heart with an infarct, the psyche as a disturbance, and marriage as a fight. The book offered here has been written since the rise of the radical "God is dead" theology. This "theology" without God has often been presented as the only form of theological thought still suitable for "modern man". As the reader will notice, I reject the brash facility with which some "modern men" measure the relevance of "anything" by its "modernity".

Abstract: 1 Why Change? -- 1.1 Loam composts -- 1.2 Loamless composts -- 2 Alternative Materials -- 2.1 Peat -- 2.2 Other organic materials -- 2.3 Mineral materials -- 2.4 Plastics -- 3 Physical Aspects -- 3.1 Physical terminology -- 3.2 Physical requirements of composts -- 3.3 Energy concept of water in composts -- 3.4 Water absorption and release by composts -- 3.5 Formulation of composts: physical principles -- 4 Principles of Nutrition -- 4.1 Cation exchange capacity -- 4.2 Anion exchange capacity -- 4.3 Availability of nutrients: loam v. loamless composts -- 4.4 Nutrient uptake by the plant -- 4.5 Acidity (pH) -- 4.6 Lime requirement -- 4.7 Soluble salts -- 5 Nitrogen -- 5.1 Nitrogen and pot plants -- 5.2 Forms of mineral nitrogen -- 5.3 Slow release fertilisers -- 5.4 Choice of fertiliser type -- 5.5 Nitrogen and peat -- 6 Other Macro-Elements -- 6.1 Phosphorus -- 6.2 Potassium -- 6.3 Calcium -- 6.4 Magnesium -- 6.5 Sulphur -- 6.6 Mineral soil and peat comparison -- 6.7 Nutrient and environment interactions -- 6.8 Fertiliser analysis and salt index -- 6.9 Plant mineral levels -- 7 Micro-Elements -- 7.1 Boron -- 7.2 Copper -- 7.3 Manganese -- 7.4 Molybdenum -- 7.5 Iron -- 7.6 Zinc -- 7.7 Chloride -- 7.8 Aluminium -- 7.9 Fritted micro-elements -- 7.10 Chelated micro-elements -- 7.11 Other sources -- 7.12 Micro-element availability -- 8 Compost Formulation and Preparation -- 8.1 Historical -- 8.2 Denmark -- 8.3 Finland -- 8.4 Germany -- 8.5 Ireland -- 8.6 Netherlands -- 8.7 United Kingdom -- 8.8 United States of America -- 8.9 Sawdust and bark composts -- 8.10 Azalea composts -- 8.11 Proprietary formulations -- 8.12 Compost preparation -- 9 Liquid Feeding -- 9.1 Importance of liquid feeding -- 9.2 Formulating liquid feeds -- 9.3 Practical aspects of feeding -- 9.4 Diluting equipment -- 9.5 Quality of irrigation water -- 10 Irrigation Systems -- 10.1 Drip systems -- 10.2 Capillary watering -- 10.3 Flooded benches -- 11 John Innes Composts -- 11.1 Formulation -- 11.2 Compost ingredients: loam -- 11.3 Peat -- 11.4 Sand -- 11.5 Sterilisation -- 11.6 Characteristics and use -- 11.7 Composts for calcifuge plants (JIS ( A )) -- 12 Heat Sterilisation -- 12.1 Thermal deathpoints -- 12.2 Methods of heat sterilisation -- 12.3 Steam -- 12.4 Steam—air mixtures -- 12.5 Flame pasteuriser -- 12.6 Electrical sterilisers -- 12.7 Other methods -- 12.8 Chemistry of heat sterilisation -- 12.9 Rules for heat sterilisation -- 13 Chemical Sterilisation -- 13.1 Soil fumigants -- 13.2 Fungicides -- 13.3 Insecticides -- 14 Plant Containers -- 14.1 Clay v. plastic pots -- 14.2 Paper and peat pots -- Appendices -- 1 Metric conversions -- 2 Imperial and us capacity measures -- 3 Illumination and radiation units -- 4 Atomic weights -- 5 Formulae and molecular weights of some commonly used chemicals -- 6 Chemical gravimetric conversions -- 7 Temperature conversions.

Abstract: The last two decades have seen rapid advances in the technology used to produce pot plants. Glasshouses designed and orientated to give maximum light transmission, fully automatic heating and ventilating systems, carbon dioxide enrichment of the atmosphere, controlled photoperiods using automatic blackouts and incandescent lamps which enable plants such as chrysanthemum to be flowered at any time of the year, mist propagation techniques, chemical growth regulators which control the height of plants, automatic watering and feeding systems, etc.: these are only some of the developments which have transformed pot plant culture. There have also been many changes in the composts and systems used to grow the plants. Mineral soils, which formed the basis of the John Innes Composts, are now either too expensive or too difficult to obtain in suitable quality and sufficient quantity. Consequently the grower has been forced to seek other materials such as peat, perlite, vermiculite, plastic foam, shredded bark, etc. New types of fertilisers, new methods of heat sterilisation and new chemical sterilising agents are also being used.

Abstract: Origin of the Theory of Nations with History and Nations without History -- Marxist Theorists on the Evolution of the Concept of Nations with History and Nations without History -- Attitude of 20th Century Marxists Towards Question of the Right of National Self-Determination for Small National Groups -- Conclusion.

Abstract: This study is based upon the concept of nations with history and nations without history which was advanced in 1848/1849 in the pages of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a Cologne based German newspaper under the editorship of Karl Marx. This theory is presented in this study as a model of opposites ; historic nations and non-historic nations, respec­ tively revolutionary nations and counter-revolutionary national groups which Engels and Marx associated with the philosophy of Hegel. As Marx and Engels saw it, Hegel had taught that nature and history abounded in opposites, and this was believed to be the essence of his dialectic. Marx liked this dialectic better than anything else in Hegel's thought and modified it to fit his own economic theory of history. In reality, however, there are no categories of opposites; certainly not in nature; no two colors are opposites; nor are any two times of the day, indeed nothing temporal, nothing living, nothing that is in process of becoming. ! It is only in human understanding that opposites are intro­ duced. In the history of ideas what has been a misunderstanding of Hegel's teachings has exerted a greater influence upon subsequent generations than Hegel's philosophy as he himself understood it. With Marx's development of the materialistic concept of history, the Volksgeist (Spirit of the Age), so pronounced in Hegel's work lost ground rapidly; first, because it was difficult to understand and second, because its mastery was hardly rewarding to anyone save scholars and philosophers.

Abstract: 1 The populationand the gene -- 2 The theory of gene frequencies -- 3 The picture we see in practice — gene frequencies in some natural populations -- 4 The theory applied to a single problem. Polymorphism in Cepaea nemoralis -- 5 The integrated genome -- 6 The cost of changing -- 7 Modes of evolution -- Suggestions for further reading.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. The Problem of Psychologism -- III. Husserl’s Philosophy of Arithmetic: A Re-Evaluation -- IV. Sartre and the Cartesian Ego -- V. The Ego and Consciousness in Rival Perspectives: Sartre and Husserl -- VI. World and Epoché in Husserl and Heidegger -- VII. Heidegger and Dewey.

Abstract: The essays which are collected in this book were written at various intervals during the last seven years. The essay "Heidegger and Dewey," which is the last one to be printed in the book, was actually the first one I wrote. It was written as a seminar paper for John D. Goheen's course on Dewey in the Spring of 1968 at Stanford University where I was a second-year graduate student. The paper went unchanged into my thesis "Four Studies in Phenomenology and Pragmatism," which I eventually submitted in 1971, and it is here reprinted with no alteration except for the title. A first version of the two essays on Sartre was written in the Spring of 1969 during my first year of teaching at Princeton University. Even­ tually I decided to break the essay into two parts. A shortened version of "Sartre and the Cartesian Ego" was read at the Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association in December 1973.

Abstract: I: Origin of the Theory of Nations with History and Nations without History -- A. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as editors of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- B. Discussion of the concept of nations with history and nations without history in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- C. Marx and Engels attitude towards small Slavic national groups after the demise of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- II: Marxist Theorists on the Evolution of the Concept of Nations with History and Nations without History -- A. The reappearance in socialist literature of the concept of nations with history and nations without history at the end of the 19th century -- B. Karl Kautsky, Otto Bauer and their exchange of views -- C. Conflict within German social democratic party that brought the discussion of the concept of nations with history and nations without history to the fore in 1915 -- D. Discussion of Rosa Luxemburg’s theories for the renascence of the Polish nation -- E. Comparative comments on the views of Otto Bauer and Rosa Luxemburg in their historical setting -- III: Attitude of 20th Century Marxists towards Question of the Right of National Self-Determination for Small National Groups -- A. The right of national self-determination championed by international social democracy -- IV: Conclusion.

Abstract: This study is based upon the concept of nations with history and nations without history which was advanced in 1848/1849 in the pages of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a Cologne based German newspaper under the editorship of Karl Marx. This theory is presented in this study as a model of opposites; historic nations and non-historic nations, respec­ tively revolutionary nations and counter-revolutionary national groups which Engels and Marx associated with the philosophy of Hegel. As Marx and Engels saw it, Hegel had taught that nature and history abounded in opposites, and this was believed to be the essence of his dialectic. Marx liked this dialectic better than anything else in Hegel's thought and modified it to fit his own economic theory of history. In reality, however, there are no categories of opposites; certainly not in nature; no two colors are opposites; nor are any two times of the day, indeed nothing temporal, nothing living, nothing that is in process of becoming. ! It is only in human understanding that opposites are intro­ duced. In the history of ideas what has been a misunderstanding of Hegel's teachings has exerted a greater influence upon subsequent generations than Hegel's philosophy as he himself understood it. With Marx's development of the materialistic concept of history, the Volksgeist (Spirit of the Age), so pronounced in Hegel's work lost ground rapidly; first, because it was difficult to understand and second, because its mastery was hardly rewarding to anyone save scholars and philosophers.

Abstract: I. Wittgenstein As Critic -- A. Platonism -- B. Intuitionism -- C. Formalism -- D. Empiricism -- E. Conventionalism -- F. Summary and Projection -- II. Wittgenstein as Creator -- A. Wittgenstein’s Behavioral Theory of Inference -- B. The Role of Mathematics -- C. The theory as explanatory -- III. Critics of Wittgenstein -- A. Wittgenstein and Strict Finitism -- B. Wittgenstein and Objectivity -- C. Wittgenstein’s Contributions -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: Wittgenstein's remarks on mathematics have not received the recogni­ tion they deserve; they have for the most part been either ignored, or dismissed as unworthy of the author of the Tractatus and the I nvestiga­ tions. This is unfortunate, I believe, and not at all fair, for these remarks are not only enjoyable reading, as even the harshest critics have con­ ceded, but also a rich and genuine source of insight into the nature of mathematics. It is perhaps the fact that they are more suggestive than systematic which has put so many people off; there is nothing here of formal derivation and very little attempt even at sustained and organized argumentation. The remarks are fragmentary and often obscure, if one does not recognize the point at which they are directed. Nevertheless, there is much here that is good, and even a fairly system­ atic and coherent account of mathematics. What I have tried to do in the following pages is to reconstruct the system behind the often rather disconnected commentary, and to show that when the theory emerges, most of the harsh criticism which has been directed against these re­ marks is seen to be without foundation. This is meant to be a sym­ pathetic account of Wittgenstein's views on mathematics, and I hope that it will at least contribute to a further reading and reassessment of his contributions to the philosophy of mathematics.

Abstract: Table des Matieres / Table of Contents -- Articles: Liste Recapitulative des Articles Publies dans les Volumes I a XX / Articles: Cumulative List of Articles Published in Volumes I to XX -- European Political Cooperation -- Les Perspectives Energetiques a Moyen et a Long Termes -- New Features of the Inflationary Process -- LA Charte Sociale Europeenne: Dix Annees D’Application -- The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation: Eurocontrol -- Section Documentaire Tableau De Membres des Organisations Europeennes / Documentary Section Members of European Organisations, 1974 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine -- Chapitre II. Union Economique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques / Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development -- Chapitre V. Le Conseil de L’Europe / The Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’Etat-Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Les Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- Chapitre VIII. Conseil Nordique et Conseil Ministeriel Nordique / Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers -- Chapitre IX. Conference Europeenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre X. Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire / European Organisation for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XI. Commission Europeenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XII. Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et Telecommunications / European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations -- Chapitre XIII. Association Europeenne de Libre Echange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XIV. Les Organisations Spatiales Europeennes / European Space Organisations -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Europeenne pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne / European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres sur la Cooperation Europeenne / Books on European Cooperation -- II. Bibliographie Selective des Articles de Periodiques et des Brochures / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material -- A. Cooperation Europeenne en General / European Cooperation in General -- B. Cooperation Economique / Economic Cooperation -- C. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- D. Communautes Europeennes / European Communities -- E. Questions de Defense / Defence Questions -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / Alphabetical index.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. General Discussion of Traditional Terms and Governing Concepts Regarding Law of the Sea -- Internal Waters -- Territorial Sea -- Baselines -- Innocent Passage -- Contiguous Zone -- Continental Shelf -- High Seas -- III. General Discussion of the Law of Territorial Waters of Islands and Coastal Archipelagos as distinguished from the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Definitions -- An Island Adjacent to a Coast -- Artificial Structures as Islands -- Islands, Rocks, Promontories that are Part of a Coastal Configuration -- Controversies Arising Out of the Legal Treatment of Groups of Offshore Islands -- IV. A Review of the Historical and Traditional Approaches to the Application of the Law of Territorial Waters of Mid-Ocean Archipelagos and Archipelagic States -- Private Scientific and Scholarly Organizations -- The Hague Codification Conference, 1930 (Conference for the Codification of International Law, League of Nations) -- Preparatory Work of the International Law Commission -- Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1958 -- Customary International Law -- Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law -- Legislative and Executive Decrees, Declarations and the Practice of States -- Publicists and Legal Writers Usually State the Problem in Traditional Terms -- Leading Law Review Articles Treat the Problem in Traditional Terms -- V. Proposed Solutions to the Problem, in General -- The Guidelines of the Archipelagic States, Dated March 14, 1973 -- The Formal Proposal of the Archipelagic States, Dated August 6, 1973 -- The United Kingdom Proposal as Representative of the Views of the General Maritime States -- The Geographers’ Proposals -- VI. On the Emerging Definition of an Archipelagic State -- The Philippines -- The Philippine Declaration -- The Philippine Declaration in Practice -- Indonesia -- The Indonesian Declaration -- The Indonesian Declaration in Practice -- An Archipelagic State Defined -- VII. A Proposed Recommendation for Determining the Territorial Waters of Archipelagos (Whether Constituting a single state or portion of a state) -- The Classic Problem of the Resolution of Conflicting Interests in the Law of the Sea: Special Interests v. General Interests -- Limitations on the Use of Precedent -- Proposed Solution -- Fishing Rights -- Appendixes -- Table of Cases.

Abstract: It is a truism that the increasingly rapid movement in technology is forcing change and shift in the norms of international law. The 149 states of the Law of the Sea Conferences of the United Nations have been attempting to establish and develop adequate legal norms that will take into account the need for the orderly growth and use of the changing technological capabilities and the resulting economic development that cannot and should not be hindered by in­ adequate law. When such norms are identified and agreed by a substantial majority of states, they are usually set out and placed into multilateral treaties. The rules governing the resource and non-resource allocation of the oceans and the uses ofthe oceans have posed major difficulties for the development of international law for many years. The Geneva Conference of 1958 building upon the groundwork of the International Law Commission of the United Nations shaped a rough structure for a 20th Century Law of the Seas and for­ mulated the effort in four major international conventions. But a majority of the states failed to ratify or accede to the conventions. Even had they become effec­ tive as the expression of the Law of the Seas in the second half of the 20th Cen­ tury, there was one glaring area of omission: a conventional law for the waters of mid-ocean archipelagos and archipelagic states.

Abstract: Section One • Problems -- 1. Circuit Analysis. Problems 1–58 -- 2. Transients and Oscillatory Circuits. Problems 59–76 -- 3. Waveform Analysis. Problems 77–90 -- 4. Solid State Electronics and Semiconductor Devices. Problems 91–143 -- 5. Valve and Transistor Characteristics and Equivalent Circuits. Problems 144–176 -- 6. Rectification and Voltage and Current Stabilization. Problems 177–204 -- 7. Amplifiers. Problems 205–283 -- 8. Electronic Computing Circuits. Problems 284–292 -- 9. Oscillators. Problems 293–323 -- 10. Noise. Problems 324–342 -- 11. Transmission Lines and Networks. Problems 343–390 -- 12. Waveguides. Problems 391–401 -- 13. Filters. Problems 402–415 -- 14. Antennas. Problems 416–430 -- 15. Modulation, Detection and Frequency Changing. Problems 431–456 -- 16. Communication and Information Theory. Problems 457–466 -- 17. Kinetic Theory of and Conduction in Gases. Problems 467–484 -- 18. Motion of Electrons in Electric and Magnetic Fields. Problems 485–491 -- 19. Measurements. Problems 492–509 -- 20. Logical Switching Circuits. Problems 510–520 -- 21. Miscellaneous Topics. Problems 521–546 -- Section Two • Solutions.

Abstract: Many changes have been made in this edition, first to the nomenclature so that the book is in agreement with the International System of Units (S. I. ) and secondly to the circuit diagrams so that they conform to B. S. S. 3939. The book has been enlarged and now has 546 problems. Much more emphasis has been given to semiconductor devices and transistor circuits, additional topics and references for further reading have been introduced, some of the original problems and solutions have been taken out and several minor modifications and corrections have been made. It could be argued that thermionic-valve circuits should not have been mentioned since valves are no longer considered important by most electronic designers except possibly for very high power or voltage applications. Some of the original problems on valves and valve circuits have been retained, however, for completeness because the material is still present in many syllabuses and despite the advent and prolification of solid-state devices in recent years the good old-fashioned valve looks like being in existence for a long time. There are still some topics readers may expect to find included which have had to be omitted; others have had less space devoted to them than one would have liked. A new feature of this edition is that some problems with answers, given at the end of each chapter, are left as student exercises so the solutions are not included. The author wishes to thank his colleagues Professor P. N.

Abstract: 1 The Autonomic Nervous System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 2 The Sympathetic Ganglia -- 2.1 The sympathetic ganglia -- 2.2 Ganglia of the sympathetic chain -- 2.3 Prevertebral ganglia -- 2.4 Chromaffin cells -- 2.5 Sympathetic ganglia in amphibians -- 2.6 Sympathetic ganglia in reptiles -- 2.7 Sympathetic ganglia in birds -- 2.8 Preganglionic fibres -- 2.9 Post-ganglionic fibres -- 2.10 Afferent fibres -- 3 The Adrenergic Fibres -- 3.1 The adrenergic fibres -- 3.2 Location of adrenergic endings -- 3.3 Structure of adrenergic endings -- 3.4 Release, uptake, synthesis and inactivation of the transmitter -- 3.5 Degeneration of adrenergic endings -- 4 The Sympathetic Ganglia in Development and Experimental Conditions -- 4.1 Development -- 4.2 Effects of nerve growth factor -- 4.3 Sympathectomy -- 4.4 Preganglionic denervation -- 4.5 Post-ganglionic denervation -- 4.6 Heterologous regeneration -- 4.7 Effects of denervation during development -- 4.8 Sympathetic ganglia in tissue culture -- 5 Paravisceral Ganglia -- 5.1 Ganglia and plexuses of the heart -- 5.2 The pelvic plexus -- 6 The Ciliary Ganglion -- 6.1 The ciliary ganglion in mammals -- 6.2 Other parasympathetic ganglia of the head -- 6.3 The ciliary ganglion in birds -- 6.4 Post-ganglionic fibres -- 6.5 Studies on development -- 6.6 Axotomy and other experiments on the ciliary ganglion -- 7 Intramural Ganglia -- 7.1 The intramural ganglia -- 7.2 Number and size of neurons -- 7.3 Cell types -- 7.4 Structure of neurons, nerve processes and glial cells -- 7.5 Nerve endings -- 7.6 The ‘post-ganglionic’ fibres -- 7.7 Studies on development -- 8 The Vagus Nerve -- 8.1 The vagus nerve -- 8.2 Structure of the vagus nerve -- 8.3 The nodose and jugular ganglia -- 8.4 Origin of the axons of the vagus nerve -- 8.5 The preganglionic neurons -- 8.6 Degeneration and regeneration of the vagus nerve -- 9 Autonomic Efferent Neurons in the Central Nervous System -- 9.1 Sympathetic preganglionic neurons -- 9.2 Sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons -- 10 Innervation of Organs -- 10.1 Eye -- 10.2 Salivary glands -- 10.3 Skin and appendages -- 10.4 Adipose tissue -- 10.5 Alimentary tract -- 10.6 Heart -- 10.7 Blood vessels -- 10.8 Spleen -- 10.9 Respiratory tract -- 10.10 Female genital tract -- 10.11 Male genital tract -- References.

Abstract: A conspicuous portion of the peripheral nervous system is part of the 'vegetative nervous system'; it includes all the neurons which innerv­ ate the viscera, salivary and lacrimal glands, the heart and blood vessels, all other smooth muscles of the body, notably the intrinsic muscles of the eye and the muscles of the hair. Only part of the system belongs to the peripheral nervous system: it has also its own nuclei and pathways in the central nervous system. The distinction between visceral and somatic functions is a very old one in our culture. With the development of neurology the notion of a widespread nervous control of body functions emerged. Winslow (1732) used the term nervi sympathici majores for those nerves, which he thought to carry about 'sympathies' and then co­ ordinate various viscera's functions. His was an anatomical break­ through, which obscured Willis' 'intercostal nerve' and Vesalius 'cranial nerve'. The notion was developed among others by John­ stone (1764) who arrived, with the aid of some very accurate anatomical observations, at the problem of the nervous influence on motion and sensitivity of viscera. By the end of the eighteenth century, it was clear, with Bichat (1800), that what he called 'sympa­ thetic nervous system' (and his pupil Reil, a few years later, 'vegeta­ tive nervous system ') controlled visceral functions (fa vie organique), whereas somatic functions (fa vie animafe) were under direct control from the brain and spinal cord.

Abstract: Australia -- Belgium -- Canada -- Denmark -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Greece -- Ireland -- Israel -- Malta -- Netherlands -- Norway -- Singapore -- South Africa -- Sweden -- United Kingdom -- United States of America.

Abstract: It is with great pleasure that as Chairman of the Section on Business Law of the International Bar Association I write this foreword to a series of handbooks on maritime law which have been prepared by the Committee on Maritime and Transport Law of our Section. The first of these handbooks deals with 'Arrest of Vessels', the second with 'Enforced Sales of Vessels', the third with 'Registration of Vessels' and the fourth with 'Mortgages on Vessels'. I feel sure that they will all be valuable aids to international lawyers practising in the field of maritime law. These handbooks owe their conception to Mr. Lennart Hagberg of Gothenburg, Sweden, the Chairman of the Maritime and Transport Law Committee. Both he and the contributors to the series have put an enormous amount of work into the handbooks and devoted long hours to their preparation, hours which I feel sure they have borrowed with difficulty from their heavy commitments as busy practising lawyers. I am happy to think that our Section, which was formed only six years ago, is as its first ventures in the publishing field producing at the same time both these handbooks on maritime law and another on 'Contracts of Employment', which has been prepared by our Com­ mittee on Labour Law, under the chairmanship of Mr. Willard Z. Carr. Jr. of Los Angeles, California. May they be the forerunners of many more.

Abstract: I. The Rehabilitation of Rhetoric -- II. Plato and The Sophists -- III. Isocrates and the Power of Logos -- IV. The History and System of Greek Rhetoric -- V. Rhetoric and Philosophy in Rome -- VI. Augustine and Rhetoric -- VII. The Liberal Arts and Education in the Middle Ages -- VIII. The Italian Humanists -- IX. Francis Bacon, René Descartes and the New Science -- X. Pascal and the Art of Persuasion -- XI. Sacred Eloquence -- XII. Kant and the Enlightenment -- XIII. Marx, Nietzsche and Freud -- XIV. Nietzsche and Philosophy -- XV. Philosophy and Metaphor -- XVI. Who is Actually Speaking Whenever Something is Said?.

Abstract: 1. The Microscopy of Starch -- 2. Electron Microscopy of Starch and Starch Products -- 3. The Rheology of Starch -- 4. Physical Methods of Characterising Starch -- 5. Chemical Analysis of Raw and Modified Starches -- 6. Determination of Starch in Various Products -- 7. The Analysis of Starch Derivatives.

Abstract: The literature of starch has proliferated in the last ten years at an almost geometric rate and a number of important changes and developments in the technology of starch and its derivatives have taken place which make it highly desirable to review these in some depth. The immensity of the subject determined the writer to seek the assistance of a number of prominent workers throughout the world. Where older work contains factual information of present value it has been retained, generally in the form of Additional References. These are brief abstracts which will help specialised searches in a branch of the subject to complete the information given in the text. Inclusion of dis­ jointed information can often lead to the loss of coherence and clarity, and the device of the Additional References, whilst allowing smooth presentation, also allows the inclusion of up-to-the-minute material appearing after the main text has been written. The rewarding techniques of transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been dealt with for the first time in a book of this nature.

Abstract: One: Introduction -- I. The Shift to the Subject in Modern Thought -- II. Hegel’s Prefatory Notion of Subjectivity -- III. Consciousness and Reality -- Two: The Conscious Subject -- IV. The Initial Transaction between the Subject and its Object -- V. The Perceiving Subject -- VI. The Understanding Subject -- Three: The Self-Conscious Subject -- VII. The Rise of the Self-Conscious Subject -- VIII. Freedom and Dependence of the Self-Conscious Subject -- IX. The Self-Estranged Subject -- Four: The Rational Subject -- X. The Activity of the Rational Subject -- XI. The Self-Examination of the Rational Subject -- XII. The Self-Realization of the Rational Subject -- XIII. The Triumph of the Rational Subject -- Five: The Spiritual Subject -- XIV. The Rise of the Personal Subject -- XV. The Dual Life of the Spiritual Subject -- XVI. The Moral Subject -- XVII. The Subject’s Final Quest for Spirituality -- Epilogue -- Retrospect and Prospect.

Abstract: With the rise of analytical philosophy the criticism against Hegelianism has become increasingly shrill, and signs of an embarrassment that Hegel's philosophy should ever have arisen are noticeable in such inftuential works as those of Karl Popper and Hans Reichenbach, to mention but a few. However, many contemporary philosophers stress what is called subjectivity, conceiving reality as susceptible of methodical analysis only to the extent that it is in and for the subject. What is more, they not only insist on the importance of the subject for philosophy, but maintain that the subject must be conceived as the principal determinative of true objectivity. Since knowledge depends for its possibility on the inseverable correlatives of consciousness and reality, they would grant that a proper importance must be given to both subject and object. Still, exemplifying the relational principle within the unity of a dual structure, the subject serves as an exclu­ sive agent that provides ingress into the meaning of the object.

Abstract: Table of contents / Table des matières -- One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought Before the European Court of Human Rights -- III. Cases Brought Before the Committee of Ministers -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments and Official Acts of Member States -- II. Decisions of Domestic Courts Referring to the European Convention on Human Rights -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme Dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme et du Comite des Ministres -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaire Portee Devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. Affaires Portees Devant le Comite des Ministres -- Troisieme Partie La Convention Dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention Devant les Parlements et Dans Les Actes Officiels des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. Decisions des Tribunaux Internes se Referant a la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.

Abstract: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE I. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. RATIFICATIO~S 3 B. RESERVES ET DECLARATIONS2 3 France 3 Suisse 7 C. DECLARATIONS D' ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COMMIS­ SION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME E~ MATIERE DE RE- QUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) II Pays-Bas II Suisse II Royaume-Uni 13 D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATO IRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) 17 France 17 Islande 19 Pays-Bas 19 Suisse 19 Royaume-Uni 21 E. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) 25 Turquie 25 F. AMENDEME~TS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 31 G. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 35 ANNEXES - Etat des ratifications, declarations et reserves au 31 decembre 1974 74 - Etat des depots des ratifications au 31 decembre 1974 76 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 94 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 94 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 8 9 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 8 9 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EVENTS 102 B. WORK OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS 106 I. Consultative Assembly 106 2.

Abstract: Linguistics -- Applied Linguistics in the Seventeenth Century, and the Dutch Grammar of Willem Beyer, 1661, 1681 -- The Dutch Dictionary -- Spelling and Spelling Reform in the Netherlands -- Literature -- James Joyce’s Impact on Simon Vestdijk’s Early Fiction -- History -- The Historical Force of the Flemish Movement in Belgium — Past Aims, Present Achievements and Future Cultural Aspirations -- Reviews -- The Series Naar de letter, Nos. 1–5 -- Bibliographical Aids in Dutch Language Studies -- Deutschsprachige Publikationen zur niederländischen Sprachwissenschaft, 1962–1971 -- Publications on Dutch Language and Literature in Languages other than Dutch, 1972–1973 (with additions to 1971) -- The Authors.

Abstract: Logic -- A Notion of Mechanistic Theory -- Essai sur la Logique de L’indeterminisme et la Ramification de L’espace-Temps -- How to Think Quantum-Logically -- The Conditional in Quantum Logic -- Empirical Logic and Quantum Mechanics -- Some Results from the Combinatorial Approach to Quantum Logic -- Probability -- The Quantum Probability Calculus -- The Probability Structure of Quantum-Mechanical Systems -- Towards a Revised Probabilistic Basis for Quantum Mechanics -- Probability in a Discrete Model of Particles and Observations -- Superposition and Macroscopic Observation -- A Note on the So-Called Yes-No Experiments and the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics -- Completeness -- On the Completeness of Quantum Theory -- The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox -- Stochastic Incompleteness of Quantum Mechanics -- Errors in the No Hidden Variable Proof of Kochen and Specker -- Operator-Observable Correspondence -- Randomness and Locality in Quantum Mechanics -- Fundamental Statistical Theories -- Why the World is a Quantum World -- On the Determinism of Hidden Variable Theories with Strict Correlation and Conditional Statistical Independence of Observables.

Abstract: During the academic years 1972-1973 and 1973-1974, an intensive sem­ inar on the foundations of quantum mechanics met at Stanford on a regular basis. The extensive exploration of ideas in the seminar led to the org~ization of a double issue of Synthese concerned with the foundations of quantum mechanics, especially with the role of logic and probability in quantum meChanics. About half of the articles in the volume grew out of this seminar. The remaining articles have been so­ licited explicitly from individuals who are actively working in the foun­ dations of quantum mechanics. Seventeen of the twenty-one articles appeared in Volume 29 of Syn­ these. Four additional articles and a bibliography on -the history and philosophy of quantum mechanics have been added to the present volume. In particular, the articles by Bub, Demopoulos, and Lande, as well as the second article by Zanotti and myself, appear for the first time in the present volume. In preparing the articles for publication I am much indebted to Mrs. Lillian O'Toole, Mrs. Dianne Kanerva, and Mrs. Marguerite Shaw, for their extensive assistance.

Abstract: 1 Background Discussion -- Scope of Metamorphism -- Temperatures and Pressures of Metamorphism -- Movement of Material in Metamorphism -- Mineral Assemblages (‘Pangeneses’) -- Microstructures of Metamorphic Rocks -- Preferred Orientation in Metamorphic Rocks -- Metamorphic Grade -- Metamorphic Facies -- Tectonic Setting of Metamorphism -- References -- 2 Equilibrium Aspects of Metamorphic Reactions -- Driving Force for Metamorphic Reactions -- Types of Metamorphic Reactions -- Variance of Metamorphic Reactions -- Metamorphic Reactions and Resulting Assemblages -- Sliding Reactions at Isograds -- Effect of One Phase on the Stability of Another -- Criteria of Stable Coexistence of Metamorphic Minerals -- Domains of Local (Mosaic) Equilibrium -- Calculation of the Topology of Metamorphic Phase Diagrams (Schreinemakers’ Analysis) -- Calculation of Slopes of Reaction Curves -- Experimental Location of Reaction Curves -- Reversal of Experimental Reactions -- Discrepancies Between Calculated and Experimentally Determined Reaction Curves -- Open Systems in Metamorphism -- Fluid Phase in Metamorphism -- Pressure of Fluid Phase -- Effect of Fluid Pressure on Reaction Curves -- Effects of Composition of Fluid Phase (Fugacities of Mixed Volatile Components) on Reaction Curves -- Effect of Oxygen Fugacity -- Coexisting Magnetite and Ilmenite -- Effect of fO2 on Hydrous Silicates Without Cations of Variable Valency -- Distribution of Elements Between Coexisting Minerals -- References -- 3 Kinetics of Metamorphic Reactions -- Diffusion in Metamorphism -- Nucleation and Growth -- Application of Reaction Kinetics to Metamorphism -- Zoning in Metamorphic Minerals -- Problems of Aragonite in Metamorphic Rocks -- Kinetics of the Reaction: Calcite + Quartz ? Wollastonite + CO2 -- References -- 4 Reactions in Metamorphic Rocks -- Mechanisms of Metamorphic Reactions -- Reactions in Metapelitic Systems -- Reactions in Mafic and Ultramafic Systems -- How Relevant Are Available Experimental and Theoretical Determinations of P-T-X Equilibria? -- Retrograde Reactions -- Reactions Involving Zoned Minerals -- Reactions Involving Zoned Garnet -- Compositional Changes During Metamorphism (‘Metamorphic Differentiation’) -- References -- 5 Stable Metamorphic Microstructures -- Unstable Grain Arrangements -- Stable Grain Arrangements in Isotropic Single Phase Aggregates -- Anisotropic Single Phase Aggregates -- Aggregates with More than One Phase -- Spatial and Size Distribution of Grains in Metamorphic Rocks -- Environments of Grain Adjustment in the Solid State -- References -- 6 Deformation, Recovery and Recrystallisation Processes -- Brittle Versus Ductile Deformation -- Crystal Plasticity -- Primary Modes of Intragranular Plastic Deformation -- Secondary Modes of Deformation -- Dislocations -- How Do Dislocations Assist Deformation? -- Experimental Detection of Dislocations -- Mobility of Dislocations -- Production of Dislocations -- Dislocations in Relation to Work-Hardening and -Softening -- Partial Dislocations -- Dislocations in Non-Metals -- Surface Imperfections 160 Effect of Grain Boundaries on Deformation (Intergranular Deformation) -- Recovery and Recrystallisation 166 Development of Crystallographic Preferred Orientation by Recrystallisation -- Development of Preferred Orientations by Deformation -- Some Generalities -- Appendix: Methods of Detecting Slip Systems -- References -- 7 Deformation, Recovery and Recrystallisation of Some Common Silicates -- Quartz -- Olivine -- Layer Silicates -- Plagioclase -- 8 Relationships between Chemical and Physical Processes in Metamorphism -- Effect of Chemical Reactions on Rock Mechanical Properties -- Effect of Differential Deformation on Mineral Assemblage -- Examples of Metamorphic Layering Formed By Preferential Removal of Minerals -- Large-Scale Metasomatism and Deformation -- Pegmatites and Deformation -- Migmatites -- Time Relationships between Deformation and Mineral Growth -- Solution Transfer -- Spinodal Decomposition? -- References -- Author Index.

Abstract: This book is for senior undergraduate or postgraduate students who want an insight into some modern approaches to metamorphic petrology. Its aims are to explain, in reasonably simple, informal terms, the processes underlying (i) metamorphic reactions and (ii) the production of micro­ structures in metamorphic rocks, these currently being the things that interest me most, geologically. The first aim requires discussion of equilibrium factors, reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms, empha­ sising both the complexity of realistic reactions and the need to combine the chemical and microstructural approaches to them. The second aim requires discussion of deformation, recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth processes, with emphasis on experiments on silicate minerals. The book concludes with a general attempt to relate chemical and physical processes in metamorphism, although it will be clear from reading earlier chapters (especially Chapter 4) that the two aspects can rarely be separated completely in detailed metamorphic studies. Petrological and experimental investigations of metamorphic reactions and microstructural development are advancing so rapidly these days that students are faced with an ever-increasing volume of information and a relatively rapid obsolescence of data. So, in this book I do not try to be comprehensive, or to present much so-called 'factual' information. Instead, I deal more with basic principles, in the hope that these will guide the student in his or her encounters with the details of specific metamorphic problems.

Abstract: I: Coping with Knowledge -- I. The Problem of Knowledge -- II. The Acquisition of Knowledge -- III. The Assimilation of Knowledge -- IV. The Deployment of Knowledge -- II: Specific Issues -- V. Knowing, Doing and Being -- VI. Absent Objects -- VII. The Mind-Body Problem -- VIII. The Knowledge of the Known -- IX. The Subjectivity of a Realist -- X. Activity as a Source of Knowledge -- XI. On Beliefs and Believing -- XII. Adaptive Responses and the Ecosystem -- XIII. The Reality Game.

Abstract: The acquisition of knowledge is not a single unrelated occasion but rather an adaptive process in which past acquisitions modify present and future ones. In Part I of this essay in epistemology it is argued that coping with knowledge is not a passive affair but dynamic and active, involving its continuance into the stages of assimilation and deployment. In Part II a number of specific issues are raised and discussed in order to explore the dimensions and the depths of the workings of adaptive knowing. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS "Activity as A Source of Knowledge" first appeared in Tulane Studies in Philosophy, XII, 1963; "Knowing, Doing and Being" in Ratio, VI, 1964; "On Beliefs and Believing" in Tulane Studies, XV, 1966; "Absent Objects" in Tulane Studies, XVII, 1968; "The Reality Game" in Tulane Studies, XVIII, 1969; "Adaptive Responses and The Ecosys­ tem" in Tulane Studies, XVIII, 1969; "The Mind-Body Problem" in the Philosophical Journal, VII, 1970; and "The Knowledge of The Known" in the International Logic Review, I, 1970. PART I COPING WITH KNOWLEDGE CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE I. THE CHOSEN APPROACH You are about to read a study of epistemology, one which has been made from a realistic standpoint. It is not the first of such interpre­ tations, and it will not be the last.

Abstract: The International Context of Dutch Literary Modernism 1915–1930 -- Discussion -- Flemish Literature in the First Decades of the Twentieth Century -- Paul van Ostaijen and Der Sturm -- Discussion -- Literature and De Stijl -- Theo van Doesburg and Geometric Abstraction -- “Non-spectacular” Modernism: Martinus Nijhoff’s Poetry in its European Context -- Panel Discussion.

Abstract: FRANCIS BULHOF "What was Modernism?" That is the title of an address delivered in June of 1960 by the eminent comparatist Harry Levin at Queen's University in King­ ston, Ontario.1 Apparently, more than a decade ago, in the eyes of this per­ ceptive analyst of literature and the arts, the modernist movement had become a thing of the past. Having acquired full citizenship in the republic of letters, modernism had outlived itself. The title of Harry Levin's lecture bears an obvious resemblance to that of Fritz Martini's book-length essay Was war Expressionismus?,2 which dealt exclusively with the German variant of the expressionist movement. In the case of German expressionism there is much dispute concerning the precise moment of its decline and fall, but the political conditions provide at least a crucial dividing line in the year 1933. The end of modernism, however, a far more comprehensive movement which was not just limited to one country, is not so easy to determine. And there is also still much discussion about its roots.

Abstract: Political and Religious Ideas of Netherlanders at the Court in Prague -- The Southern Netherlands and the Foundation of the Dutch East and West India Companies -- The Organization and Effects of Flemish Privateering in the Seventeenth Century -- Social Mobility under the Regents of the Republic -- The Attitude of the Roman Curia to the French Revolution and its Opposite Effects in the Southern and Northern Netherlands -- A Study of Wealth and Income in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- The Role of Small Countries in the International Politics of the 1860s: The Netherlands and Belgium in Europe -- The Position of the Jews during the German Occupation of the Netherlands: Some Observations -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Abstract: In the Survey of Recent Historical Works, which according to custom concludes this IXth volume of the Acta, is a notice of the recent 'Report of the Dutch research, with suggestions for future development'. Such a report could easily be classified as an attempt to bring pressure to bear on financial resources for support of a somewhat neglected branch of scientific effort, indeed as a symptom of the current disease of notatitis. A recent special issue 'Regeren door notas', of the periodical Beleid and Maatschappij, March-April 1976, discusses this severe Dutch epidemic of official note-writing, for any purpose, on any matter, at any time, by any sort of official committee to any sort of official body. But even if such were the only reason for the production of this Report, which indeed it is not, the Report will stand on its own feet, as significant and of consequence. In general, however, this Report makes sad reading. It would seem that Dutch historical research and historiography lags far behind comparable foreign developments. There are said to be immense gaps in knowledge of and insight into virtually all fields of the Dutch past and moreover a total lack of modem sophistication. Inevitably, currently fashionable techniques such as programming, co-ordination, and teamwork are suggested as desirable, and a preference is expressed for the currently highly regarded socio-historical approach.

Abstract: One: The Scope of the Brussels Convention 1924 -- 1. History of the Brussels Convention -- 2. Introduction to the Scope of the Brussels Convention -- 3. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of England -- 4. The Scope of the Convention in the Law of France: Introduction -- 5. The Liberal Approach -- 6. The Voyage Test -- 7. The Nationality Test: The Preliminary Problem -- 8. The Nationality Test -- 9. The Double Rule -- 10. Reform of Article X -- Two: Due Diligence to Make the Ship Seaworthy -- 11. The History of the Carriers Liability -- 12. The Scheme of Proof Under the Convention -- 13. Proof That the Vessel Was Defective -- 14. Due Diligence in General -- 15. Due Diligence in Practice -- 16. When Must Due Diligence Have Been Exercised? -- 17. Liability for Independent Contractors.

Abstract: It has been estimated that four-fifths of an carriage of goods by sea are governed by the Hague Rules, properly known as the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading, signed at Brussels in 1924. The success of the Convention is wen recognised. Its importance is self-evident and such that, notwithstanding its success, it has been the subject of regular scrutiny with a view to improvement and reform. Attention has focussed on various matters, among them two central provisions which are the subject of this book. First to be considered is article X concerning the legal scope of the Convention: to which contracts for carriage under bills of lading does the Convention apply? This question has caused much trouble, was debated by the C. M. 1. for twenty years and was apparently settled by a new Conven­ tion signed at Brussels in 1968; but the solution may never come into force as the entire Convention is currently being considered by the United Nations with a view to reform of a different kind. The second part of the book examines one of the fundamental duties in the Convention. The ultimate duties of the carrier are duties of due diligence, diligence in caring for cargo and diligence in preparing his ship for sea. It is the latter duty that has been selected for detailed study.

Abstract: The growing interest in the history of Indonesia has made it desirable to have an English summary of the principal works of the Dutch historian Dr H. J. de Graaf, who in several books and articles published between 1935 and 1973 has given a description of the development of the Javanese kingdom of Mataram, based both on European and in­ digenous material. His works form a substantial contribution to the study of the national history of Indonesia. The Summary contains references to the paragraphs of the Dutch books and articles. This makes it easy for those readers who have a know­ ledge of Dutch to consult the original texts. The List of Sources for the study of Javanese history from 1500 to 1700 is composed of the lists in the summarized books and articles, and the Index of Names refers not only to the present Summary but also to the eight original texts. Many names of persons and localities in the Index have been provided with short explanatory notes and references to other lemmata as a quick way to give some provisional information on Javanese history.

Abstract: II. Language and Script in Black Africa (Petr Zima) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Inventory -- 2. Design and Origin of Scripts Used for the Languages of Black Africa -- 3. Typology of Scripts -- 4. Zones of Influence of Different Scripts -- 5. The Process of Language-Script Adaptation -- 6. Function -- III. Language and Literature in Black Africa (Petr Zima) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Language Choice -- 2. Language Development -- 3. Language Interference -- IV. The Ideology of the Black African Literary Movement (Vladimír Klíma) -- V. The French-written Literature of West Africa (Vladimír Klíma) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Senegal -- 2. Cameroon -- 3. The French-written Literature of Other West African Countries -- VI. West African Literature in Standard English (Vladimír Klíma, Petr Zima) -- 1. Nigerian English-written Literature (Vladimír Klíma, Petr Zima) -- 2. Ghana (Vladimír Klíma) -- 3. Sierra Leone (Vladimír Klíma) -- 4. Gambia (Vladimír Klíma) -- 5. Liberia (Vladimír Klíma) -- VII. Literatures in West African Languages (Petr Zima) -- 1. Roots nad Origins of Literacy and Literature in West African Languages -- 2. The West African Coastal Area -- 3. The Islamic Area -- VIII. Old Bantu Literature (Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Rwanda -- 2. South Africa -- 3. East Africa -- IX. Bantu Tales, Fables and Short Stories (Karel František R?ži?ka) -- X. Literature of the Congo Area and Rwanda (Vladimír Klíma) -- 1. Literature of the Congo and Zaire -- 2. Writing in Rwanda -- XI. Other Literatures of Central and East Africa (Vladimír Klíma, Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 1. Tanzania and Uganda (Vladimír Klíma) -- 2. The Literature of Kenya (Vladimír Klíma, Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 3. The Literature of Malawi (Vladimír Klíma) -- 4. The Literature of Rhodesia (Vladimír Klíma) -- XII. Black Literature of the Portuguese Territories in Africa (Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Cabo Verde Islands -- 2. Guinea-Bissau -- 3. São-Tomé -- 4. Angola -- 5. Mozambique -- XIII. The Literature of Madagascar (Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Ancient Literature -- 2. Modern Literature -- 3. Other Genres -- XIV. The Literature of South Africa (Vladimír Klíma, Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 1. Introduction (Vladimír Klíma) -- 2. South African Writing in the Vernacular Languages (Karel František R?ži?ka) -- 3. South African Writing in English (Vladimír Klíma) -- XV. The Role of Literary Criticism (Vladimír Klíma) -- XVI. Contemporary Approaches to African Writing (Vladimír Klíma) -- Bibliography (compiled by Vladimír Klíma and Petr Zima) -- Index of Persons (compiled by Vladimír Klíma) -- Index of African Languages and Dialects (compiled by Petr Zima) -- 1. Remarks on African Language Systems and Their Classification -- 2. Index.

Abstract: In October 1972, our Czech-written book Literatury eerne Afriky (Literatures of Black Mrica) was published in Prague, presenting a survey of an extensive field. The publication, which was signed at that time by all three authors, differed from most contemporary introductions to the study of Mrican literatures in a threefold way: a) The authors attempted to cover various literacy and literary efforts in the area roughly delimited by Senegal in the west, Kenya in the east, Lake Chad in the north and the Cape in the south. We were well aware-even at that time-that neither technically nor linguistically would it be possible to cover all literary efforts within that area. We did try, however, to include in our survey both the literacies and literatures written in the Indo-European linguae francae (English, French, Portuguese) and in at least several of the major African languages of the area. We did not attempt an exhaustive description, but wished, rather, to show the mutual relationships which emerge, if the literatures of thii\ area, written either in the major linguae francae or in the African languages, are studied not as isolated phenomena, but as mutually complementary features. b) As two of us were linguists and one was a literary historian, we did not limit our analysis of the developing literacies and literatures to the purely cultural and literary aspects. Our intention waR to deal-whcre and if it was relevant-not only with the process of African literary development, but also with the simultaneous, complementar.

Abstract: In this volume, I have given attention to what I consider to be some of the central problems and topics in the philosophical thought of SjiSren Kierkegaard. Some of the chapters have been previously publish­ ed but were revised for their appearance here. Others were written expressly for this book. I have tried to focus on issues which have not been customarily dealt with or emphasized in the scholarship on Kierkegaard with the exception of the writings of David Swenson and Paul L. Holmer to which (and to whom) I am greatly indebted. Some of the positions for which I have argued in this volume (especially in Chapters IV and V) may be controversial. I am grateful to all those who enabled me to carry out or influenced me in my studies of Kierkegaard or who assisted with regard to the research for or preparation of this volume. Among these are: Professors Paul L. Holmer, F. Arthur Jacobson, and Dennis A. Rohatyn; Dean Wallace A. Russell and Vice President Daniel J. Zaffarano of Iowa State University.

Abstract: I. The Egyptians -- Chronological Summary -- The Egyptians as the “inventors” of geometry -- The Rhind papyrus -- The technique of calculation -- “Aha-calculations” -- Applied calculations -- The development of the computing technique -- Hypothesis of an advanced science -- The geometry of the Egyptians -- What could the Greeks learn from the Egyptians? -- II. Number systems, digits and the art of computing -- The sexagesimal system -- Sumerian technique of computation -- The Greek notation for numbers -- Sexagesimal fractions -- Hindu numerals -- The abacus of Gerbert -- III. Babylonian mathematics -- Chronological summary -- Babylonian algebra -- Babylonian geometry -- Babylonian theory of numbers -- Applied mathematics -- Summary -- Greek Mathematics -- IV. The age of Thales and Pythagoras -- V. The golden age -- VI. The century of Plato -- VII. The Alexandrian Era (330–200 B.C.) -- VIII. The decay of Greek mathematics.

Abstract: Soon after the publication of my"Ontwakende W etenschap"the need for an English translation was felt. We were very glad to find a translator fully familiar with the English and Dutch languages and with mathematical terminol· ogy. The publisher, Noordhoff, had the splendid idea to ask H. G. Beyen, professor of archeology, for his help in choosing a nice set of illustrations. It was a difficult task. The illustrations had to be both instructive and attractive, and they had t~ illustrate the history of science as well as the general background of ancient civilization. The publisher encouraged us to find better and still better illustrations, and he ordered photographs from all over the world, with never failing energy and enthusiasm. Mr. Beyen's highly instructive subscripts will help the reader to see the inter· relation between way of living, art, and science of the ancient world. Thanks are due to many correspondents, who have suggested additions and pointed out errors. Sections on Astrolabes and Stereographte Projection and on Archimedes' construction of the heptagon have been added. The sections on Perspective and on the Anaphorai of Hypsicles have been enlarged. In the second English edition I have incorporated an important discovery of P. Huber, which sheds new light upon the role of geometry In Babylonian algebra (see p. 73). The section on Heron's Metrics (see p. 277) was written anew, follOWing a suggestion of E. M. Bruins. Zurich. 1961 B. L.

Abstract: 1 General Requirements -- Animals -- Legal considerations -- The laboratory -- Equipment -- Sources of information -- References -- 2 Echinoderms and Ascidians -- Echinoderms -- Ascidians -- References -- 3 Molluscs, Annelids and Nematodes -- Molluscs -- Annelids -- Nematodes -- References -- 4 Insects and Crustacea -- The Locust -- Calliphora -- Drosophila -- Crustacea -- References -- 5 Fish -- Goldfish -- Killifish -- Guppies -- Artificial fertilization -- Experimental Work on Fish Embryos -- References -- 6 Amphibia -- Xenopus -- Axolotls -- Experiments on Amphibian Embryos -- Experiments on amphibian larvae -- References -- 7 Birds -- Examination of the early chick blastoderm -- Culture of chick blastoderms -- Removal and culture of the blastoderm -- Preparation of chorio-allantoic grafts -- References -- 8 Mammals -- The oestrous cycle in the mouse -- Preparation of vaginal smears -- Examination of unfertilized ova from superovulated mice -- Reproductive system of the male mouse -- Examination of mouse embryos up to and including the blastocyst stage -- Arrangement of the foetal membranes in the rabbit and localization of immunoglobulin in the yolk sac splanchnopleur -- References.

Abstract: The purpose of this book is twofold: it is meant to serve both as a practical manual for the study of animal development and as a general introduction to the subject. Central to our en­ deavour is the belief that developmental biology is best taught and learnt at the laboratory bench, with specimens which are either alive and can be seen to develop or with fresh material derived directly from the egg (as in birds) or mother (as in mammals). Once the dynamic nature of development is appreci­ ated and the overall structure of the developing organism discerned the more conventional study of sections and whole mounts is more likely to become a delight rather than a diffi­ cult, and often meaningless, chore. We have laid considerable stress on the early development of animal embryos and the ways in which they can be obtained from a relatively few, but reliable, sources. In addition, emphasis has been placed on fairly simple experiments which make use of the embryos and larvae chosen for the purpose of illustrating develop­ ment. Embryology ceased to be a descriptive science at the beginning of this century and any practical course, at what­ ever level, should attempt to reflect this change. It is true that the analysis of development, particularly the genesis of chor­ date structure, owed much to the invention of the microtome.

Abstract: One Life, Background and Views -- I. The Symbol and the Man -- II. Moral Lessons in Aeschylean Drama -- III. Timê and Time -- Two The Oresteia -- IV. Agamemnon -- V. Crime, Punishment and Judgment -- Three The Rhythm of Morality -- VI. Prometheus Bound -- VII. The Danaid Trilogy -- VIII. Plays with odd endings: Persians and Seven Against Thebes -- References.

Abstract: I. Art as Existential Activity: The Role of Symbolism in the World of Merezhkovsky (1890–1899) -- I. The Poetry of Spiritual Despair -- II. The Formation of the Symbolist Ethos -- III. Nietzsche and Russian Symbolism -- II. Sanctifying the Profane: Merezhkovsky’s “New Religious Consciousness” (1899–1905) -- IV. The “New Religious Consciousness” -- V. The Apocalyptic Resolution of Christianity and Paganism -- VI. Proselytizing the “Third Revelation” -- III. The Apocalypse of Personal and Social Salvation: Merezhkovsky’s “Theocratic Society” (1905–1917) -- VII. The Religious Revolution -- VIII. The Theocratic Society -- Epilogue -- Conclusion.

Abstract: As the central event of modern times, the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 remains a major focus of historical investigation and controversy. Unavoidably, the conception of the historical problems and the evidence presented are shaped by the historian's view on both the desirability and the inevitability of the Bolshevik Revolution. The years 1890-1917 are particularly important as the crucible in which revolutionary forces developed. In the nineties, Finance Minister Sergei Witte laid the groundwork for a modern economy. While he achieved many of his economic goals, the stresses and strains of forced draft industrialization contributed to the revival of the revolutionary movement; political instability was their immediate effect. By the turn of the century the peasants were in open revolt, an alienated and militant urban proletariat was emerging, and a cohesive liberal opposition was beginning to develop. All these groups demanded fundamental reforms including full political rights for all citizens. By 1905 they had gathered sufficient strength to force the government to issue a constitution and a legislature called the Duma. Neither side, however, was satisfied. The Imperial government tried to take back what it had granted under duress and the opposition parties attempted to discredit the system as "sham constitutionalism. " Only a small center was willing to work with the government and the government was not always willing to work with them.

Abstract: 1 The Basis of the General Theory -- 1.1 The idealized machine -- 1.2 The two-winding transformer. Explanation of sign conventions and the per-unit system for electrical quantities -- 1.3 Magneto-motive force and flux in the rotating machine -- 1.4 Voltage and torque equations of the machine. The per-unit system for mechanical quantities -- 1.5 The fundamental assumptions. Saturation, harmonics, leakage -- 1.6 Calculation and measurement of parameters -- 2 The Primitive Machine -- 2.1 The equations of the cross-field commutator machine -- 2.2 Application to a simple d.c. machine -- 2.3 Equations for small changes and small oscillations -- 2.4 Sudden short-circuit of a d.c. generator -- 3 The Steady-State Phasor Diagrams of A.C. Machines -- 3.1 Representation of sinusoidal m.m.f. and flux waves by space phasors -- 3.2 The induction motor -- 3.3 The uniform air-gap synchronous machine -- 3.4 The salient-pole synchronous machine -- 3.5 Characteristic of a synchronous machine connected to an external supply -- 4 The General Equations of A.C. Machines -- 4.1 Equations in terms of phase variables -- 4.2 Transformation between various reference frames -- 4.3 Direct derivation of two-axis equations -- 4.4 Simplified equations of a synchronous machine with two damper coils -- 4.5 Equivalent circuits, operational impedances and frequency response loci -- 4.6 Summary of the equations for the synchronous machine with two damper coils -- 4.7 Modified equations with more accurate coupling between field and damper windings -- 4.8 General equations of the induction motor -- 5 Types of Problem and Methods of Solution and Computation -- 5.1 Classification of problems and methods of solution -- 5.2 Modified machine equations in terms of rotor angle ? -- 5.3 The state variable method and the state-space concept -- 5.4 Calculation of system response and stability -- 5.5 Optimization. Performance indices -- 5.6 Computational techniques for transient studies -- 6 Automatic Control of Synchronous Machines -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Excitation control of a.c. generators -- 6.3 Quadrature field winding. The divided-winding-rotor generator -- 6.4 Speed governors -- 7 A.C. Operation of Synchronous Machines -- 7.1 Steady operation of the synchronous machine at synchronous speed -- 7.2 Starting of a synchronous motor -- 7.3 Negative-sequence reactance of a synchronous machine -- 7.4 Small changes relative to a steady state -- 7.5 Approximate methods for forced oscillations -- 7.6 Free oscillations. Steady-state stability -- 8 Synchronous Generator Short-Circuit and System Faults -- 8.1 Symmetrical short-circuit of an unloaded synchronous generator -- 8.2 The analysis of short-circuit oscillograms -- 8.3 Short-circuit of a loaded synchronous generator -- 8.4 Unsymmetrical short-circuit of a synchronous generator -- 8.5 System fault calculations -- 8.6 Sudden load changes -- 9 Synchronous Machine Problems Requiring Step-by-Step Computations -- 9.1 Transient stability -- 9.2 Swing curves of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus -- 9.3 Loss of synchronism of a synchronous generator. Effect on rectifier excitation systems -- 9.4 Optimization of control inputs -- 9.5 Techniques for a multi-machine system -- 10 Effects of Saturation and Eddy Currents on Machine Performance -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Methods of allowing for saturation -- 10.3 Effect of eddy currents in the magnetic material -- 10.4 Effect of eddy currents in the rotor conductors -- 11 Induction Motor Problems -- 11.1 Application of equations in primary reference frame -- 11.2 Equations in secondary reference frame. Complex form of the equations -- 11.3 Short-circuit and fault currents due to induction motors -- 11.4 Transient stability calculations -- 12 Application to Less Common Types of Machine -- 12.1 Classification in relation to the theory -- 12.2 Application of two-axis theory -- 12.3 Application of the phase equations -- 13 Appendices -- 13.1 Representation of a.c. and transient quantities by complex numbers. The generalized phasor -- 13.2 Current and voltage transformations when power is invariant -- 13.3 Operational methods -- 13.4 The per-unit system -- References.

Abstract: The book on The General Theory of Electrical Machines, by B. Adkins, which was published in 1957, has been well received, as a manual containing the theories on which practical methods of calculating machine performance can be based, and as a text-book for advanced students. Since 1957, many important developments have taken place in the practical application of electrical machine theory. The most important single factor in the development has been the increasing availability of the digital computer, which was only beginning to be used in the solution of machine and power system problems in 1957. Since most of the recent development, particularly that with which the authors have been concerned, has related to a. c. machines, the present book, which is in other respects an up-to-date version of the earlier book, deals primarily with a. c. machines. The second chapter on the primitive machine does deal to some extent with the d. c. machine, because the cross-field d. c. generator serves as an introduction to the two-axis theory and can be used to provide a simple explanation of some of the mathematical methods. The equations also apply directly to a. c. commutator machines. The use of the word 'general' in the title has been criticized. It was never intended to imply that the treatment was comprehen­ sive in the sense that every possible type of machine and problem The word is used in the sense that the theory can was dealt with.

Abstract: 1 Ecological Genetics -- 2 Numerical Changes in Animal Populations -- Numerical fluctuations in a colony of Melitaea aurinia -- Numerical fluctuations in Panaxia dominula -- Numerical fluctuations in a Maniola jurtina population -- Some effects of climate and food on animal numbers -- The spread of species in new territories -- 3 Genetic Drift and the Founder Principle -- Random genetic drift -- The founder principle -- 4 Polygenic Characters Evolving in Isolation -- Selection for a balanced gene-complex in Panaxia dominula -- Selection for spotting in Maniola jurtina -- Maniola jurtina in the Isles of Scilly -- 5 Sympatric Evolution -- The transition between different stabilizations of Maniola jurtina -- 6 The Theory of Genetic Polymorphism -- Balanced polymorphism -- The evolution of polymorphism -- The formation of super-genes -- Human polymorphism -- Criticisms of the polymorphism concept -- 7 Balanced Polymorphism in Panaxia dominula -- Estimates of larval populations -- Estimates and analysis of imaginal populations -- Experimental populations -- 8 Polymorphism and the Effects of the Switch-gene -- Selection for the effects of the switch-gene -- Heterozygous advantage and multiple-phase polymorphism -- Sex-controlled polymorphism -- Polymorphism in hydrogen cyanide production -- The super-gene -- Protein variation and ‘neutral’ mutants -- 9 Polymorphism and the Super-gene in Snails -- The genetics of Cepaea nemoralis -- Natural selection in populations of C. nemoralis -- Selection and genetic drift in C. nemoralis and C. hortensis in England and France -- Partula and Achatinella on Pacific islands -- 10 The Heterostyle-Homostyle System -- The homostyle primrose in England -- Primrose pollination -- Tristylic and ‘concealed’ heterostyled conditions -- 11 Chromosome Polymorphism -- Drosophila -- Chromosome polymorphism and selection in Drosophila -- Heterozygous advantage in chromosome polymorphism -- Other organisms, and conclusion -- 12 Mimicry -- General survey -- Experimental proofs of mimicry -- Mimetic polymorphism in the Lepidoptera -- Mimicry in brood parasites -- Aggressive mimicry -- Sound and scent mimicry -- 13 Papilio dardanus and the Evolution of Mimicry -- The races of Papilio dardanus -- The genetics of Papilio dardanus -- The evolution of mimicry -- Monomorphic Batesian mimicry -- 14 Transient Polymorphism and Melanism -- Transient polymorphism -- The spread of melanic forms -- Explanations of industrial melanism -- Selective elimination by birds -- The insularia forms -- The evolution of melanic forms -- Melanism in Phigalia pedaria -- Melanism in the beetle Adalia bipunctata -- A comparison of melanism in three species -- Recessive melanism -- Melanism in Amathes glareosa -- 15 Isolation and Adaptation -- Mortality in small localities -- The evolution of local races and species -- Ecological genetics and adaptation -- Conclusion -- Plates -- References.

Abstract: This book describes the experimental study of evolution and adaptation, carried out by means of combined field-work and laboratory genetics. That technique has been developed during the last forty years or so by my colleagues and myself, and by a small but increasing number of geneticists throughout the world. In discussing what has been achieved by these means many relevant pieces of work familiar to me have been omitted, while doubtless there are others that have escaped my attention. To those who have thus laboured without recognition here, I offer my apologies. Yet I would not include further examples were I writing again, and this for two reasons. First, my aim is not to produce a com­ pendium in the German fashion, for I have endeavoured to develop principles with enough instances to illustrate them but no more. Secondly, this book is in danger of becoming too long as it is: one which is in general consulted only in libraries, not read familiarly by students.

Abstract: I Jurisdiction -- 1: Political Jurisdiction -- 2: Distribution and Concurrence of Jurisdictions in International Law -- II Preliminary Objections -- 3: Categories of Preliminary Objections and their Legal Foundation -- 4: Objection Ultra Vires -- 5: Objection Conditio Sine Qua Non -- 6: Objection Electa Una Via -- 7: Objection Lis Pendens -- 8: Objection Res Judicata -- III Final Determination -- 9: Determination of the Validity of Preliminary Objections -- 10: Procedural Questions Related to Preliminary Objections -- Table of cases -- Index of subjects -- Index of countries and other territories -- Index of names -- Articles -- Resolutions -- Commissions and committees -- Reports.

Abstract: Berliner Erinnerungen 1933/34 -- „Raum“ und „Zeit“ als „Formen der Anschauung“ und als „Formale Anschauungen“ in Kants kritischer Theorie -- Zur Begriffsbildung der politischen Theorie -- Nietzsche und die Musik -- The System and the Phenomena: The Kant-Interpretations of Nicolai Hartmann and P. F. Strawson -- The Philosopher’s Thraldom. Alogical Sources of Philosophic Thought -- Durchgang und Aufbruch. Zu Max Müllers Sprach-Werk-Erläuterungen -- Selbstüberwindungen, ohne Ende? -- Mixed Pickles -- Rationalistische Verflachungen im modernen bürgerlichen Bewußtsein -- Probleme einer Geschichte der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung -- Kunst und Normalität. Zur Frage der Bewertung von künstlerischen Produktionen Geisteskranker -- Wirklichkeit als moralische Welt: Lessing zum Beispiel -- Der Begriff „Gehalt“ in Goethes Autobiographie „Dichtung und Wahrheit“ -- Some Observations on Kraus’s Impact Then and Now -- Die Philosophie der Landschaft in Brechts „Buckower Elegien“ -- Bibliographie Hermann Wein 1937–1972 -- Nachsatz.

Abstract: So the philosopher's way to be is the source (Quelle) of his values and of his basic model; it is an important way of understanding thrall. It appears, now, that the thought of this paper could be simplified. The primary notion is the philosopher's "way to be." Style, locus of interest, nisus and way of thought can then be seen as growing out of this, as particular aspects or expressions of it. This entire paper then would be an attempt to come to grips with the primary notion. How is a "way to be" related to what is normally called a philo­ sopher's views or theories (the formulable core)? Is it not irrelevant as non-implicatory fact, like biographical details or social background? I do not think so. A philosopher's way to be is not external fact to the formulable core of his thought. It is not "internal" either in the logical sense. It is what allows us to comprehend his explicit views.

Abstract: The Author’s Abstracts 1900/01 -- Author’s Abstract to Volume One in Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie, Vol. 24 (1900), pp. 511–12 -- Author’s Abstract to Volume Two in Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie, Vol. 25 (1901), pp. 260–63 -- A Draft of a “Preface” to the Logical Investigations, 1913 -- I. Eugen Fink’s Editorial Remarks -- II. Husserl’s Text.

Abstract: TO THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS A DRAFT OF A PREFACE TO THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ( 1913) Edited by EUGEN FINK Translated with Introductions by PHILIP J. BOSSERT and CURTIS H. PETERS • MARTINUS NIJHOFF THE HAGUE 1975 © I975 by Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague. Netherlands All rights reserved. including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form ISBN-I3: 978-90-247-1711-8 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-010-1655-1 DOl: 10. 1007/978-94-010-1655-1 TO HERBERT SPIEGELBERG ESTEEMED SCHOLAR, MENTOR, FRIEND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our thanks to H. L. Van Breda, director of the Husserl-Archiv (Louvain), for his approval and encouragement of this project, and to Professor Dr. Gerhart Husserl, Professor Dr. Eugen Fink and the editors of Tijdschrift voor Philosophie for their permission to undertake it. We also owe a debt of appreciation to Dr. Karl Schuhmann of the Catholic University of Louvain and to Dr. Elmar Holenstein, Dr. Edi Marbach and Mr. Rudolf Bernet of the Husserl-Archiv (Louvain) for their help in reading the original manuscripts and for putting their excellent knowledge of the Husserl "Nachlass" preserved at the Archives at our disposal. We especially wish to thank Professor Herbert Spiegelberg whose careful and critical reading of our manuscript at an earlier stage resulted in numerous suggestions for its improvement; and, last but not least, our wives, Jane and Pam, for their help in preparing the typescripts. TABLE OF CONTENTS Translator's Introductions XI I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION XI II. THEMATIC INTRODUCTION XX III.

Abstract: I. The Commentary to the Sentences -- II. The Logic of Rationate Being -- III. An Epistemology of Critical Realism -- IV. The Metaphysics of Being -- V. An Anthropology of the “Imago Dei” -- VI. The Contemplation of God as Man’s Natural End -- VII. The Value of Theological Language -- VIII. The Logic of Theological Language -- IX. Did St. Thomas Modify his Theory of Analogy?.

Abstract: Introduction: The Seeming Contingency of the Question concerning the Body and the Necessity for an Ontological Analysis of the Body -- I: The Philosophical Presuppositions of the Biranian Analysis of the Body -- 1. The Philosophical Presuppositions of Biranian Ontology -- 2. The Transcendental Deduction of the Categories -- 3. The Theory of the Ego and the Problem of the Soul -- II:The Subjective Body -- III: Movement and Sensing -- 1. The Unity of our Senses and the Problem of the Relationship between our Images and our Movements -- 2. The Unity of the Body Interpreted as a Unity of Knowledge. Habit and Memory -- 3. The Individuality of Human Reality as Sensible Individuality -- IV: The Twofold Usage of Signs and the Problem of the Constitution of One’s own Body -- V: Cartesian Dualism -- VI: A Critique of the Thought of Maine de Biran. The Problem of Passivity -- VII: Conclusion. The Ontological Theory of the Body and the Problem of Incarnation. The Flesh and the Spirit -- Index of Authors -- Index of Terms.

Abstract: THE SEEMING CONTINGENCY OF THE QUESTION CONCERNING THE BODY AND THE NECESSITY FOR AN ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BODY When we disclose and bring forth, within ontological investigations aimed at making possible the elaboration of a phenomenology of the ego, a prob­ lematic concerning the body, we may well seem, with respect to the general direction of our analysis, to elaborate only a contingent and accidental specification of such an analysis and to forget its true goal.! Up to the present, we pursued the clarification of the being of the ego [2] on the level of absolute subjectivity and in the form of an ontological analysis. Is it not possible that the reasons which motivated the project of conducting the investigations relative to the problem of the ego within a sphere of abso­ lute immanence may cease to be valid because we might be led to believe that the body also constitutes the object of these investigations and belongs to a first reality whose study is the task of fundamental ontology? Actually, does not the body present itself to us as a transcendent being, as an inhabi­ tant of this world of ours wherein subjectivity does not reside? If, con­ sequently, the body must constitute the theme of our philosophical reflec­ tion, is it not on condition that the latter submit to a radical modification and cease to be turned toward subjectivity in order to be a reflection on.

Abstract: Table of contents / Table des matières -- One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought before the Court -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention In The Parliaments Of The Member States -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’Europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaires Portees devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Troisieme Partie La Convention dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention devant les Parlements des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. La Convention devant les Juridictions Internes des Etats Contractants -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.

Abstract: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE I. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 B. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 C. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) Autriche 9 Belgique II Italle II D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) Autriche 13 Belgique 13 Italie 15 E. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES ET DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME VISEES A L' AR­ TICLE 6, PARAGRAPHE 2 DU PROTOCOLE NO 4 A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE Autriche 15 F. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) Turquie 17 ANNEXES Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 dec- bre 1973 32 Etat des Depots des Ratifications au 31 decembre 1973 35 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 54 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 54 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 58 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 58 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- One. Vibrations of C—C and C—H linkages -- 2 Alkanes -- 3 Alkenes -- 4 Alkynes and Allenes -- 5 Aromatic Compounds -- Two. Vibrations involving mainly C—O and O—H linkages -- 6 Alcohols and Phenols -- 7 Ethers, Peroxides and Ozonides -- 8 Acid Halides, Carbonates, Anhydrides and Metallic Carbonyls -- 9 Aldehydes and Ketones -- 10 Carboxylic Acids -- 11 Esters and Lactones -- Three. Vibrations involving mainly C—N and N—H linkages -- 12 Amides, Proteins and Polypeptides -- 13 Amino-Acids, their Hydrochlorides and Salts, and Amido-Acids -- 14 Amines and Imines -- 15 Unsaturated Nitrogen Compounds -- 16 Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds -- Four. Vibrations involving other elements; groups of inorganic origin -- 17 Nitro- and Nitroso-Compounds, Nitrates and Nitrites -- 18 Organo-Phosphorus Compounds -- 19 Halogen Compounds -- 20 Organo-Silicon Compounds -- 21 Inorganic Ions -- 22 Organo-Sulphur Compounds -- Compound Index.

Abstract: The full revision of this text has presented a number of problems. The basic data have changed little since the second edition, although they have been much extended in depth and in detail. To some extent this has helped to shorten the present text as many controversial issues which needed to be presented at some length have now been resolved so that only the final conclusions need to be given. However, it remains the case that very few new group frequencies have emerged over the past fifteen years and the emphasis of group-frequency studies has tended to shift away from the identification of specific groups towards their other possible uses in the solution of structural and chemical problems. The study of the interplay of mechanical and electronic effects in determining the directions and extents of group-frequency shifts which result from changes in the substituents has told us much about chemical mechanisms themselves, and has opened up new possibilities for the use of group frequencies in areas such as the study of rotational isomerism, the measurement of bond angles, and the use of frequency relationships to derive other chemical and physical properties.

Abstract: The Scope of the Work The main purpose of this work is to give a critical edition of a Javanese text - the Serat Cabolek - together with an Introduction, an English trans­ lation of the text, and Notes. The present publication is a slighdy revised version of a doctoral dissertation submitted to the Australian National Univer­ sity in 1967. The Introduction to the text begins with a brief description of each of the extant MSS of the Serat Cabolek to be found in the Manuscript Sections of the Jakarta Museum Library and the Lembaga Kebudayaan Indonesia and in the Griental Manuscripts Section of the Leiden University Library. In addition, a description is given of a printed version of the Serat Cabolek. The eleven MSS and the printed text are compared with one another on the points of form, structure and content, in order to discover their mutual relationship. From this comparison it becomes clear that no matter how much these eleven MSS and the printed text of theSerat Cabolek may differ the one from the other, they all share a common core and all ultimately derive from a single source. The kernel of the Serat Cabolek in all probability comprised only the following sections: (1) the story dealing with the trial of Haji Mutamakin by the Kartasura tribunal; (2) the teaching of Dewa Ruci to Bhima; and (3) a commentary on Dewa Ruds counsel to Bhima.

Abstract: 1. Noted ancient investigations -- 1.1 Size of the Earth -- 1.2 Contributions of Newton and contemporaries -- 1.3 The period after Newton -- References -- 2. Determination of the mean density of the Earth -- 2.1 Bouguer’s experiments in Peru -- 2.2 The Schiehallion experiment -- 2.3 Other pendulum and plumb-line experiments -- 2.4 The Michell-Cavendish experiment -- 2.5 Other small-scale experiments -- References -- 3. Spherical harmonics -- 3.1 Solutions of Laplace’s equation -- 3.2 Legendre polynomials -- 3.3 Integrals of products of spherical harmonics -- 3.4 Tesseral harmonics -- 3.5 Expansions iQ spherical harmonics -- 3.6 Spherical harmOnICs and Earth oscillation theory -- References -- Theory of the Earth’s gravitational attraction -- 4.1 General theorems on gravitational attraction -- 4.2 Attractions due to some particular mass distributions -- 4.3 MacCullagh’s formula -- 4.4 Representation of the Earth’s surface -- 4.5 Attraction due to spheroidal Earth model -- References -- 5. The figure and moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.1 The geopotential function -- 5.2 Forms of surfaces of equal density inside rotating Earth model -- 5.3 Relations involving ?a and h -- 5.4 Clairaut’s equation on the internal variation of ? -- 5.5 Estimation of the moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.6 Numerical results on the hydrostatic theory -- 5.7 Use of artificial satellites -- 5.8 International reference systems -- 5.9 Ellipticities of internal surfaces of constant densitys -- References -- 6. Early models of the Earth’s density variation -- 6.1 Earth models -- 6.2 Clairaut’s equation and the density problem -- 6.3 The Legendre-Laplace density law -- 6.4 Background theory in density determination -- 6.5 Other early model density laws -- 6.6 Numerical results for early models -- 6.7 Some further nineteenth century results -- 6.8 Early evidence on the Earth’s rigidity -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 7. Representation of elasticity in the Ear -- 7.1 Stress -- 7.2 Strain and rotation -- 7.3 Model stress-strain relations -- 7.4 Stress-strain relations for the Earth -- 7.5 Interpretation of coefficients in perfect elasticity -- 7.6 Strength of a material -- 7.7 The terms ‘fluid’ and ‘solid’ -- 7.8 Pressure and finite strain -- 7.9 Thermodynamic considerations -- References -- 8. Seismic wave transmission -- 8.1 Earthquakes and other sources of seismic waves -- 8.2 Equations of motion of seismic disturbances -- 8.3 Bodily seismic waves -- 8.4 Scalar and vector potentials -- 8.5 Surface seismic waves -- 8.6 Refraction and reflexion of bodily seismic waves -- References -- First approximation to seismic P and S distributions in the Earth -- 9.1 Seismic rays -- 9.2 Effect of the Earth's ellipticity on seismic travel times -- 9.3 Normal and abnormal seismic velocity variation -- 9.4 Bodily seismic phases -- 9.5 Evolution of travel-time tables -- 9.6 Derivation of P and S velocity distributions in the Earth -- References -- 10. Earth models of type A -- 10.1 Introductory theory of density variation in the Earth -- 10.2 Historical background on the Earth’s internal layering -- 10.3 The regions A, B, C, D, E, F and G -- 10.4 Density near the Earth’s surface -- 10.5 Early evidence on inhomogeneity insitle the upper mantle -- 10.6 Minimum central density -- 10.7 Earth models of type A -- 10.8 Corrections for temperature and inhomogeneity -- Critique of A-type models -- References -- 11. Evidence on compressibility in the Earth -- 11.1 Compression in the Earth -- 11.2 Variation of incompressibility in homogeneous regions -- 11. 3 Some further implications of finite-strain theory -- 11.4 Compressibility-pressure hypothesis -- 11.5 Theory for inhomogeneous regions -- 11.6 Degrees of inhomogeneity in particular regions of the Earth -- 11.7 Solidity of the inner core -- 11.8 Earth models of type B -- References -- 12. Some second approximations -- 12.1 P and S velocities in the mantle -- 12.2 Structure of the outer core -- 12.3 Structure of the inner core -- 12.4 Radius of the Earth’s core -- 12.5 The Earth’s central density -- 12.6 Further evidence bearing on rigidity in lower core -- 12.7 Improved B-type models -- References -- 13. Evidence from seismic surface waves -- 13.1 Underlying principles in applying surface-wave data -- 13.2 More complex model structures -- 13.3 Direct observation of phase velocities -- 13.4 Allowance for Earth’s curvature and gravity -- 13.5 Evidence on crustal structure -- 13.6 Evidence on mantle structure -- 13.7 Surface waves and density variation -- 13.8 Further remarks -- References -- 14. Evidence from free Earth oscillations -- 14.1 Free oscillations of a dynamical system -- 14.2 Approach to the theory of Earch oscillations -- 14.3 Equations of motion of an oscillating Earth model -- 14.4 Solving the equations of motion -- 14.5 Observational data -- 14.6 Early inferences from free Earth oscillation data -- 14.7 The model HB1 -- 14.8 Other models using free Earth osciIlation data -- 14.9 Oscillation evidence on solidity of inner core -- References -- 15. Miscellaneous developments -- 15.1 Equations of state, and related equations, for the Earth’s interior -- 15.2 Some miscellaneous Earth models -- 15.3 Monte Carlo techniques -- 15.4 The general problem of ‘inverting’ observation data -- 15.5 Density and seismic wave amplitudes -- 15.6 Implications of wave-scattering investigations -- 15.7 Deviations from spherical symmetry -- 15.8 Changes in gravitational constant -- References -- 16. Optimum and standard Earth models -- 16.1 General requirements of Earth models -- 16.2 Consequence of non-uniqueness -- 16.3 Approaches to the optimum model problem -- 16.4 Progress towards an optimum Earth model -- 16.5 The problem of a standard Earth model -- References -- 17. Application to other planets and the Moon -- 17.1 Planetary observational data -- 17.2 Assumptions on the Earth’s internal composition -- 17.3 Earth, Venus, Mars -- 17.4 Mercury -- 17.5 Moon -- 17.6 Jupiter and Saturn -- 17.7 Uranus and Neptune -- 17.8 Pluto -- 17.9 Further remarks -- References.

Abstract: The book attempts to draw together the various strands of evidence that have led to present knowledge of the distribution of density throughout the interior of the Earth. Details are also given of other properties with which the density is closely linked, including pressure, compressibility and compression, rigidity, seismic velocities, Poisson's ratio and gravitational intensity. Questions of thermodynamics and chemical composition and phase enter discussions where they bear more or less sharply on the density determination; but the book does not purport to be a comprehensive text on the Earth's internal tem­ perature distribution and composition. The density distributions of other planets are discussed. The quest for clues on the Earth's internal densities has long been an exciting one, and an aim of the book is to present a developing story which has fascinated the author over much of his worl(ing life. The early chapters refer to key developments from ancient times to around 1930. The later chapters recount, in greater detail, develop­ ments since 1930. The stage has now been reached where numerous published papers bearing on the Earth's density seem to do little more than fidget around the resolving power of long accumulated observational data. So the present seems an appropriate time to try to put some perspec­ tive into the story. Of course, the story will never be quite finished: in describing the interior of the Earth, there will always be extra decimal places to add as further significant evidence arises.

Abstract: I. Soul and Mathematicals -- II. Posidonius and Neoplatonism -- III. The Subdivisions of Theoretical Philosophy -- IV. The Origin of the Quadrivium -- V. Speusippus in Iamblichus -- VI. A New Fragment of Aristotle -- VII. Metaphysica Generalis in Aristotle? -- Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Passages in Greek and Latin Authors.

Abstract: The first edition of this book appeared in 1953; the second, revised and enlarged, in 1960. The present, third edition is essentially a reprint of the second, except for the correction of a few misprints and the following remarks, which refer to some recent publications* and replace the brief preface to the second edition. Neither Eudemus nor Theophrastus, so I said (p. 208£. ) knew a branch of theoretical philosophy the object of which would be something called 0'. 1 ~ 0'. 1 andwhich branch wouldbedistinct from theology. And there is no sign that they found such a branch (corresponding to what was later called metaphysica generalis) in Aristotle. To the names of Eudemus and Theophrastus we now can add that of Nicholas of Damascus. In 1965 H. J. Drossaart Lulofs published: Nicolaus Damascenus On the Philosophy of Aristotle (Leiden: Brill), Le. fragments of his m:pr. njc; 'ApLO''t'o't'&AOUC; qJLAOO'OqJLiXC; preserved in Syriac together with an English trans­ lation. In these fragments we find a competent presentation of Aristotle's theoretical philosophy, in systematic form. Nicholas subdivides Aristotle's theoretical philosophy into theology, physics, and mathematics and seems to be completely unaware of any additional branch of philosophy the object of which would be 0'. 1 ~ 0'. 1 distinct from theology with its object (the divine).

Abstract: 1: Marx’s Critique Of Religion -- Religion and the Unity of Marx’s Thought -- The Beginning and End of Critisism -- From Natural Religion to the Religion of Civil Society -- The Substance and Functions of Religion -- 2: Engels’ Critique of Religion -- Engels’ Role in the Critisism of Religion -- From the Inception of Religion to its Transcendence -- The Masks and Disguises of Religion -- The Unity of Engels’ Critique of Religion -- 3: Lenin’s Critique of Religion -- The Origins, Development, Substance, and Functions of Religion -- Religion and the Unity of Marx, Engels, and Lenin -- Shamefaced Idealism, God-Building, and the Disadvantages of Improved Religion -- 4: Kautsky’s Critique of Religion -- Toward a Developed Materialist Theory of Religion -- Religion from Biblical Times to the Twentieth Century -- The Substance and Functions of Religion -- Kautsky: Stalwart Marxist or Renegade? -- Conclusion.

Abstract: In view of the enormous number of works on Marxism in general and in light of the many books and articles touching on the relationship of Marxism to religion in particular, it may fairly be asked why yet another such work should be produced. My reply is that in eliciting answers to the kinds of questions posed by the methodology I have used, it was necessary to go to the primary sources almost exclusively. This is not to bemoan a sad fate but to affirm that there are notable deficiencies in the secondary sources relevant to my topic. By way of general indictment, I contend that the major difficulty with existing studies of the Marxist critique of religion is that their authors, whether expositors or critics, have failed both to specify their own presuppositions concerning religion and to approach the subject with an adequate comprehension of its many dimensions. Since, in most cases, the reader is equally unprepared, anthropologically, sociologically, psychologically, and historically, for clear and informed thought in this vast and nebulous area, the result has been widespread confusion. As if this were not enough, numerous writers with little more than polemical interests have compounded the confusion by failing to distinguish between religion in general and their own brands of faith in particular. Others have not discriminated between the concepts of metaphysics and the supernatural items of religious belief.

Abstract: one -- 1) Multidisciplinary Context of Sociology and Social Psychology -- 2) Problems of Theory and Method : Sensitizing Concepts, Personal Documents -- two -- 3) Verstehen and Related Constructs -- 4) Role-Taking and Related Concepts -- 5) Processes Involved in, and Related to, Role-Taking -- 6) Imagination -- three -- 7) Imaginative Participation in History -- 8) Imaginative Participation in Literature and Drama -- 9) Imaginative Participation in Psychiatry -- Conclusion.

Abstract: I am Czech. In 1948 I graduated from ancient Charles' University at Prague. In 1970 I came to Canada, the country of my choice, from New Zealand where I had taught two years at the University of Canter­ bury in Christchurch. This work was begun after I left Europe. It is intended as contribution to contemporary sociological and social psy­ chological theory, or theories. For a very long time in my native country I was intellectually a Jack­ of-alI-trades. Before coming to sociology I spent two decades of study and research in the fields of philosophy, history and imaginative literature. Looking back I view this not as wasted time, but as an extraordinary introduction to the study of society, of man in society and of society in man. There are many links between these areas of scientific inquiry which I would not have been able to make had I not had this multi­ disciplinary experience. In each of my lives, past and present, I have been for a number of reasons marginal to my fellow men, marginal in several respects. In my native land I refused to conform to the line of the ruling political party. I became a "non-person" in all that implies in a totalitarian regime.

Abstract: Introduction: The Problem, its Background, and a Sketch of its Treatment -- I. Production and Radical Creation -- A. Novelty Proper -- B. Novelty Proper and Creative Acts -- C. Value and Creativity -- II. Spontaneity: The Paradox and the Possibility of Explanation -- A. General Remarks about Explanation -- B. The Paradox of Creativity -- C. The Reality of Spontaneity and the Challenge of Determinism -- D. Intelligibility and the Resources of Language -- III. Language and the Aesthetic Structure of Novelty -- A. Originative Speech as Oblique Expression -- B. Speech and Metaphors -- C. Metaphors and the Intelligibility of Created Objects -- IV. Fundamental Paradox and Intelligibility -- A. The Absurd -- B. Two Loci of the Absurd -- C. The Second Model of Intelligibility -- D. The Possibility of a Third Model of Intelligibility.

Abstract: Over the past two decades, the number of studies of creativity has in­ creased enormously. Although these studies represent a wide variety of perspectives, the largest proportion of them falls within the province of the social and behavioral sciences. Perhaps this is due to the impetus of experimental psychologists, who recognized the special problems that arise when originality is treated under a general theory of cognition. But what­ ever the reason, human creativity has come to be viewed as one of the major concerns of the twentieth century. It has been referred to as the most pressing problem of our time. In spite of the importance of the topic, few philosophers have either analyzed or speculated systematically about creativity, as a distinct topic. This neglect may be the expression of a tacit and sometimes explicit con­ viction that creativity must be taken for granted and not subjected to analytic scrutiny. In any case, the determination of so many behavioral and social scientists not to fall behind in the search for understanding creativity has led to a proliferation of publications that are unrelated to one another and that lack dearly ordered and reflective consideration of what creativity is. Too few writers have either acknowledged or examined what they presuppose about creative acts, about human activity, and a­ bout the nature of explanation when they focus on so complex a phenome­ non as creativity.

Abstract: I. The Early Thought of Royce -- 1. Moral Theory -- 2. Empirical Theism -- 3. Postulates. The Right to Believe -- 4. Idealism as an Hypothesis Based on Postulates -- 5. Skepticism and the Possibility of Error -- 6. Common Sense and the Problem of Error -- 7. Solution and Conclusion to Absolute Idealism -- 8. Absolute Idealism and the Nature of Error -- 9. The Problem of Evil -- 10. The Conception of God. Critique -- II. The Middle Thought of Royce -- 1. Transition to “The World and the Individual” -- 2. “The World and the Individual”: Introduction -- 3. Realism -- 4. Mysticism -- 5. Critical Rationalism -- 6. The Internal and External Meaning of Ideas -- 7. The Fourth Conception of Being -- 8. The Proof of God’s Existence -- 9. The One, the Many, and the Infinite -- 10. The Temporal and the Eternal -- 11. The Moral Order and the Problem of Evil -- 12. Immortality -- 13. The Conception of God. Summary -- III. The Later Theory of Community -- 1. Transition to “The Problem of Christianity” -- 2. “The Problem of Christianity”: Introduction -- 3. The Moral Burden of the Individual -- 4. Guilt and Atonement -- 5. The Beloved Community -- 6. The Community and the Time-Process -- 7. The Body and Its Members -- 8. The Nature of Interpretation -- 9. The Will to Interpret -- IV. The Later Conception of God -- 1. The World of Interpretation -- 2. The Theoretical and the Practical -- 3. Peirce’s “Neglected Argument” -- 4. The Conception of God -- 5. Elements in Royce’s Later Conception of God Which are Similar to and Continuous with Earlier Conceptions -- 6. Elements in Royce’s Later Conception of God Which are Different from His Earlier Conceptions. Summary.

Abstract: Dr. Jarvis kindly invited me to undertake this Foreword. According to his suggestion, I here intend to complement his work by creating a context for it. To do so, prior notice of a common misrepresentation of Royce and of his contemporary relevance seems needed, before briefly sketching his biography and interest in religion. Finally, to orient the reader to the present study, I will point out Royce's main works and the spirit of the man. In the year 2150 A. D. , what will people be saying about Harvard? If the reported prediction of a self -effacing William James comes true, the common answer will be, "Harvard? Oh, that's the place where Royce taught. " And yet, now that almost a century has passed since Royce began teaching at Harvard, most Americans do not recognize the name "Josiah Royce. " Of those who do, few know him as a significant American philosopher of community. And of these few, far fewer recall either that religious problems first drove Royce to philosophy or that he said such problems "of all human interests, deserve our best efforts and our utmost loyalty. " 1 Little wonder, then, that when Americans survey our "classic" philosophers-Peirce, James, Royce, Santayana, Dewey, Whitehead-few of them respond to Royce as the most explicitly and persistently religious philosopher of them all. Fortunately, however, popularity contests do not accurately weigh the merit of a philosopher.

Abstract: The Representation of the Freeholders in the Drainage Districts of Zeeland West of the Scheldt during the Middle Ages -- The ‘Betrayal’ of the Sixteenth-Century Bourgeoisie: A Myth? Some Considerations of the Behaviour Pattern of the Merchants of Antwerp in the Sixteenth Century -- The’ Weber Thesis: An Attempt at Interpretation -- History and Prognostication -- Ten years of Guerilla-Warfare and Slave Rebellions in Surinam, 1750–1759 -- Political Power Struggle in and around the Main Belgian Cities, 1830–1848 -- Depression and Policy in the Thirties -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Abstract: Volume VIII of Acta Historiae Neerlandicae again presents studies on the history of the Low Countries which it is hoped will be of interest to foreign scholars. The intention has been to deal with a fairly long period, and many differing aspects, of the subject. So institutional, political, economic, social and cultural history all receive a fair share of attention, and together the studies cover a considerable number of centuries. It is, however, striking to note how even this restricted number of studies reflects prevailing viewpoints among today's Low Countries' historians. Clearly there is considerable stress on economic and social questions. Traditional studies such as those of former Belgian historians on medieval history, or those of the Dutch on the seventeenth century, are now giving way to works that are problem­ directed. Power structures, the position of the bourgeoisie, reactions of the intelli­ gentsia and theologians to societal problems, have now more attraction for scholars than the glories of late medieval wealth in Flanders or Holland's Golden Age. Terms such as Guerilla warfare, Struggle, Depression, typify today's critical approach to society in general.

Abstract: It has become increasingly evident that there is much to begained from a detailed understanding of the structure and properties of polymers in the oriented state. This book reftects the growth of interest in this area of polymer scienceand attempts to give the reader an up to date viewofthe present position. The individual chapters are for the most part self­ contained, and cover a very wide range of topics. It is intended that each of them should serve the dual purpose of an expository introduction to the subject and a topical review of recent research. It is inevitable that there will be differences of style and approach in the contributions from the different authors. No atternpt has been made to moderate these differences, as they serve to illustrate the diversity of approaches required to give the reader a balanced view of the subject. I should like to thank the contributors for their endeavours, and especially for their patience in accepting modifications and corrections which make for consistency in the book as a whole. 1 am particularly indebted to Professor Leslie Holliday who originally approached me with the proposition that such a book would be a worthwhile venture and to the publishers who have given me every assistance in making its progress as painless as possible.

Abstract: Section 1 -- Tests concerning variances -- One tailed and two tailed tests -- The F-distribution Steps in application [6] -- Section 2 -- Regression Scatter diagram, dependent variable, regressor variable, regression coefficient -- Coefficient of correlation -- Tables -- F-distribution.

Abstract: Exercises for Section 2 42 Physical sciences and engineering 42 43 Biological sciences 45 Social sciences Solutions to Exercises, Section 1 47 Physical sciences and engineering 47 49 Biological sciences 49 Social sciences Solutions to Exercises, Section 2 51 51 PhYSical sciences and engineering 55 Biological sciences 58 Social sciences 62 Tables 2 62 x - tests involving variances 2 63,64 x - one tailed tests 2 65 x - two tailed tests F-distribution 66-69 Preface This project started some years ago when the Nuffield Foundation kindly gave a grant for writing a pro­ grammed text to use with service courses in statistics. The work carried out by Mrs. Joan Hine and Professor G. B. Wetherill at Bath University, together with some other help from time to time by colleagues at Bath University and elsewhere. Testing was done at various colleges and universities, and some helpful comments were received, but we particularly mention King Edwards School, Bath, who provided some sixth formers as 'guinea pigs' for the first testing, the Bishop Lonsdale College of Education, and Bradford University. 2 OUf objectives in the text are to take students to the use of standard t, F and X tests, with some intro­ duction to regression, assuming no knowledge of statistics to start, and to do this in such a way that students attain some degree of understanding of the underlying reasoning. Service courses are often something of a problem to statistics departments.

Abstract: I. Elementary mathematics -- 1. Fundamental operations on rational numbers -- 2. Higher arithmetical operations -- 3. Development of the number system -- 4. Algebraic equations -- 5. Functions -- 6. Percentages, interest and annuities -- 7. Plane geometry -- 8. Solid geometry -- 9. Descriptive geometry -- 10. Trigonometry -- 11. Plane trigonometry -- 12. Spherical trigonometry -- 13. Analytic geometry of the plane -- II. Steps towards higher mathematics -- 14. Set theory -- 15. The elements of mathematical logic -- 16. Groups and fields -- 17. Linear algebra -- 18. Sequences, series, limits -- 19. Differential calculus -- 20. Integral calculus -- 21. Series of functions -- 22. Ordinary differential equations -- 23. Complex analysis -- 24. Analytic geometry of space -- 25. Projective geometry -- 26. Differential geometry, convex bodies, integral geometry -- 27. Probability theory and statistics -- 28. Calculus of errors, adjustment of data, approximation theory -- 29. Numerical analysis -- 30. Mathematical optimization -- III. Brief reports on selected topics -- 31. Number theory -- 32. Algebraic geometry -- 33. Further algebraic structures -- 34. Topology -- 35. Measure theory -- 36. Graph theory -- 37. Potential theory and partial differential equations -- 38. Calculus of variations -- 39. Integral equations -- 40. Functional analysis -- 41. Foundation of geometry—Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry -- 42. Foundations of mathematics -- 43. Game theory -- 44. Perturbation theory -- 45. The pocket calculator -- 46. Microcomputers.

Abstract: It is commonplace that in our time sc:iem:e and technology cannot be mastered without the tools of mathematics; but the same applies to an ever growing extent to many domains of everyday life, not least owing to the spread of cybernetic methods and arguments. As a consequence, there is a wide demand for a survey of the results of mathematics. for an unconventional approach that would also make it possible to fill gaps in one's knowledge. We do not think that a mere juxtaposition of theorems or a collection of formulae would be suitable for this purpose, because this would over· emphasize the symbolic language of signs and letters rather than the mathematical idea, the only thing that really matters. Our task was to describe mathematical interrelations as briefly and precisely as possible. In view of the overwhelming amount of material it goes without saying that we did not just compile details from the numerous text-books for individual branches: what we were aiming at is to smooth out the access to the specialist literature for as many readers as possible. Since well over 700000 copies of the German edition of this book have been sold, we hope to have achieved our difficult goal. Colours are used extensively to help the reader. Important definitions and groups of formulae are on a yellow background, examples on blue, and theorems on red.

Abstract: I Introduction, Purpose and Scope -- I Outer Space Treaty -- II Space Law Before the Space Treaty -- III Definition of Outer Space -- IV Outer Space is the Province of Mankind -- V Jurisdiction over Outer Space -- VI Arms Control and the Space Treaty -- VII Verification Provision -- VIII Treaty Provisions on Safety, Tracking Facilities and Exchange of Information -- IX Final Clauses -- II Assistance and Return Agreement -- X Assistance and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- III Liability for Damages and the Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XI Liability for Damages and Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XII Examples of the “Utilization” of Outer Space (Space Applications) -- XIII Trends in International Co-operation -- XIV Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- A. Treaty Governing the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies -- B. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- D. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- G. Convention on Registration of objects launched into outer space -- H. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water. Signed in Moscow, on 5 August 1963 -- I. Draft Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Title, Preamble and Thirteen Articles, as approved by the Legal Sub-Committee at its Ninth Session. 1970) -- J. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof -- K. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, including the final text of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by space objects -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: Space exploration is a development which began with the launching of the first artificial satellite in 1957. Since then an incredible progress has been made, leading to the landing of man on the moon. A quick look at the number of launchings which have been registered with the United Nations will show the influence of space science and technology on human endeavours. For example, satellites can be used for com­ munication, weather forecasting, education, and remote sensing of the resources of the Earth. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is the focal point of international co-operation in space activities. The Committee regulates these activities through its Legal Sub-Committee. The setting up of the Committee was preceded by an Ad Hoc Committee which was established on 31 December 1958. The initial difficulty which confronted the Ad Hoc Committee was the issue of its member­ ship. The USSR, Czechoslovakia and Poland decided not to participate in its work because they were dissatisfied with the composition of the Ad Hoc Committee. Later, both the UAR and India also decided not to participate in its work. Although the Ad Hoc Committee succeeded in producing a report in 1959 (UN document A/4141), the progress of work of the Main Committee was in limbo for a while. It was not until 1961 that the disagreements were resolved. The Committee conducts its business without voting -the Chairman simply states the consensus of views which have been expressed.

Abstract: 1. Experience and History -- 2. Religious Experience in History -- 3. Silence: The Matrix of Experiencing -- 4. The Experiencing of Consciousness as Freedom -- 5. Religious Experience and Truth -- 6. The Aesthetic Element of Experience.

Abstract: It is one of the ironies of our times that, as the practise of religion wanes, a theoretical interest in it on the part of many anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists and philosophers waxes. Among these, only philosophers bring to their task a long history of theological and reli­ gious relations. Hence their renewed interest has been hailed as a break­ down of isolationism, heralding, perhaps, a new era of interdisciplinary peace. To celebrate this new ecumenism, a Chicago seminary, consis­ tently with its purpose, sponsored a colloquium to explore the future of philosophical theology. If some of its participating professional philosophers initially felt a twinge of embarrassment over their presence at an ostensibly theological meeting, they soon were at ease. No one was called upon to define the topic, or even to suggest its relationship to a philosophy of religion. Conveniently, everyone could role up his sleeves and get to work on a job he personally felt needed doing. Can we wonder that the lay observer appeared somewhat confused? Was the purpose to analyze "God talk," or to find a place for 'God' in a metaphysical scheme? Or if not these, something else? It soon became evident that the participants in the colloquium ranged from the free swinger to the severely inhibited, depending upon the role each assigned to dogma and creed.

Abstract: 1. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 1 — Utilization of Fuels by Muscle -- Pathways for the Utilization of Carbohydrates, Amino acids and Fats in Flight Muscle -- The Control of Flight Muscle Mitochondrial Metabolism -- References -- 2. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 2 — Fuel Supply -- The Nature of Respiratory Fuels -- Stores of Respiratory Fuels -- Lipids and their Metabolism -- Carbohydrates and their Metabolism -- The Supply of Amino Acid Fuels for Flight -- Conclusion -- References -- 3. Excretion in Insects -- Excretion Associated with the Malpighian Tubule-Rectum System -- Minor Excretory Systems -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Addendum -- 4. Synaptic Transmission in Insects -- General Outline of the Insect Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters in the Central Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters at the Neuromuscular Junction -- Summary -- References -- Addendum.

Abstract: There has been a considerable upsurge in interest in insect bio­ chemistry and physiology in recent years and this has been reflected in a notable expansion in the number of original papers in this field. Whereas insect physiology has tended to receive ample attention from reviewers, the same has not always been true for the more biochemical aspects of insect research. This book is a venture to help redress the balance. No attempt has been made to cover all aspects of insect biochemistry, but rather a few topics have been selected which seemed to us to merit a review at the present time. One reason for this increased interest in insect biochemistry is perhaps the growing realization that insects can be very useful organisms to act as model systems for the experimental study of general biochemical principles. One remembers, for instance, that Keilin's perceptive observations on the flight muscles of living bees and wax moths led to his discovery of the cytochromes. The fundamental unity of biochemistry has long been accepted as a dogma by the faithful and the insect kingdom provides no exception to it. The main biochemical processes in insects are being revealed as essentially the same as in other life forms but, as so often found in comparative biochemistry, there are interesting variations on the central theme.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Preliminary Remarks: (Paulinism in the Middle Ages) -- 2. The Problem of (Justification in Medieval Theology) -- II. Justification in the (Pauline Commentaries) -- 1. The Commentaries -- 2. Conclusions and Analysis -- III. Justification in the early Scholastic Literature -- 1. The Carolingian Period -- 2. Early Scholasticism: Tenth to Twelfth Centuries -- IV. The Completion of the Medieval Doctrine: The Processus Justificationis -- 1. First Statements -- 2. The Completed Doctrine -- 3. The Later Scholastics -- V. Conclusions.

Abstract: One of the pleasures and privileges of scholarship is the opportunity to express one's gratitude to friends and colleagues upon the occasion of a publication. As with many scholarly first books, this present work had its genesis as a doctoral dissertation, and hence my first and most profound acknowledgment must be to Professor S. Harrison Thomson of the University of Colorado, whom I am honored to be able to describe as my mentor. Only my fellow "Old Thomsonians" can appreciate the common debt we owe to this great medievalist who was also a magni­ ficent teacher and counsellor. Presently in retirement, he continues to be our principal inspiration and model of scholarly distinction. I am also greatly indebted to another former mentor and now my senior colleague and chairman at the University of Denver, Professor Allen D. Breck, who, together with Deans Edward A. Lindell and Gerhard H. Mundinger, constantly encouraged and assisted my further progress and read the manuscript in its final stages, offering many valuable sugges­ tions as to style and substance. My university provided me with generous support in the form of research funds and clerical services; I am grateful to. those colleagues who made this assistance possible, as well as to friends at other institutions who shared their knowledge and frequently gave salutary advice.

Abstract: 1 The Historical Background -- 2 The Malay Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah and Its Sources -- 3 The Spelling and Languages of the H.M.H. -- 4 Other Texts Related to the Malay H.M.H. -- 5 The Date of the H.M.H. -- 6 The H.M.H. and the Development of Indonesian Islam -- 7 The Structure of the H.M.H. -- 8 The Manuscripts of the Malay H.M.H. -- 9 A Comparison of the Manuscripts of the H.M.H. -- 10 Principles of the Text Edition -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 MSS of the H.M.H. Not Investigated for the Present Edition -- 2 The H.M.H. in Print -- 3 The H.M.H. in Other Languages -- 4 Some Notes on the Translation Method of the Author of the Malay Text -- Text -- Some Notes on the Text -- Notes -- Indices: 1 Index of Words -- 2 Index of Names.

Abstract: 'If not now, when?' Hillel, Pirke Avot, I 14. The text edition which I hereby submit to the reader has been my constant companion for much of the last nine odd years. But the relative stability of my main preoccupation contrasted sharply with my wanderings during this same span of time. In fact, for most of it I was more or less constantly on the move, trekking from the Nether­ lands to Australia and back again, then to the United States, with three excursioru; to Indonesia. On all these trips I carried my notes and kept working on this project, the conclusion of which continued to elude me. Even today I can hardly believe it is allover - and in fact it is not, as this volume will soon be followed by a companion containing a shortened English translation and dealing in much greater detail with the relationship between the Malay Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah, its Persian source and Muslim literature in general. I sincerely regret that technical and financial considerations have combined to make inclusion of the apparatus criticus in this edition impossible. A limited number of copies of this apparatus are avail­ able on personal application either direct from the author (C/o the Indonesian Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia), or from the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Stationsplein 10, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Abstract: 1. Probability, Statistics and Time (Inaugural lecture at University College, London, on 15 May, 1961) -- 2. R. A. Fisher and the last Fifty Years of Statistical Methodology (The first R. A. Fisher Memorial Lecture to be given in the United States, on 29 December, 1964 at Chicago; reprinted from J. Amer. Statist. Ass., 60 (1965), 395–409.) -- 3. The Paradox of Probability in Physics (Based on a talk with this title given to a Philosophy of Science Group at University College, London, on 22 May 1967) -- 4. Inference and Stochastic Processes (Presidential Address to the Royal Statistical Society on 21 June, 1967; reprinted from the Journal of the Society, Al 30, 457–77) -- 5. Biomathematics (Inaugural lecture in the University of Oxford, on 28 May 1968) -- 6. When is Inference Statistical inference? (Invited paper given at a Symposium on the Foundations of Statistical Inference at Waterloo, Canada, April, 1970; reprinted from the Proceedings of the Symposium, 20–31) -- 7. Epidemics (Invited article, first published in Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown Tanur, Judith M., Mosteller, F. et al., (Ed). San Francisco: Holden-Day) -- 8. Equations and Models of Population Change (Invited paper given at a Conference on the Mathematical Theory of the Dynamics of Biological Populations, Oxford, September, 1972, subsequently edited by R. W. Hiorns and myself, and published by the Academic Press, 1973) -- 9. Some historical remarks and recollections on multivariate analysis (Invited paper given at a Conference on Multivariate Analysis and its Applications at Hull, April, 1973; reprinted from Sankhya, 36B (1974), 107–114.).

Abstract: Some years ago when I. assembled a number of general articles and lectures on probability and statistics, their publication (Essays in Probability and Statistics, Methuen, London, 1962) received a some­ what better reception than I had been led to expect of such a miscellany. I am consequently tempted to risk publishing this second collection, the title I have given it (taken from the first lecture) seeming to me to indicate a coherence in my articles which my publishers might otherwise be inclined to query. As in the first collection, the articles are reprinted chronologically, usually without comment. One exception is the third, not previously published and differing from the original spoken version both slightly where indicated in the text and by the addition of an Appendix. I apologize for the inevitable limitations due to date, and also for any occasional repetition of the discussion (e.g. on Bayesian methods in statistical inference). In particular, readers technically interested in the classification and use of nearest-neighbour models, a topic raised in Appendix II of the fourth article, should also refer to my monograph The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern (Chapman and Hall, London, 1976), where a much more up-to-date account of these models will be found, and, incidentally, a further emphasis, if one is needed, of the common statistical theory of physics and biology. March 1975 M.S.B.

Abstract: Section One • Problems -- 1 D.C. Circuits. Problems 1–92 -- 2 Single-Phase A.C. Circuits. Problems93–200 -- 3 Complex Quantities and their use in A.C. Circuits Problems201–243 -- 4 Polyphase Circuits. Problems244–278 -- 5 Non-sinusoidal Waves. Problems279–300 -- 6 Transformers and Electric Machines. Problems301–365 -- Section Two • Solutions -- Problems1–57, 93–159, 201–224, 244–265, 279–292, 301–325.

Abstract: Electrical-engineering and electronic-engineering students have frequently to resolve and simplify quite complex circuits in order to understand them or to obtain numerical results and a sound knowledge of basic circuit theory is therefore essential. The author is very much in favour of tutorials and the solving of problems as a method of education. Experience shows that many engineering students encounter difficulties when they first apply their theoretical knowledge to practical problems. Over a period of about twenty years the author has collected a large number of problems on electric circuits while giving lectures to students attending the first two post-intermediate years of Uni­ versity engineering courses. The purpose of this book is to present these problems (a total of 365) together with many solutions (some problems, with answers, given at the end of each Chapter, are left as student exercises) in the hope that they will prove of value to other teachers and students. Solutions are separated from the problems so that they will not be seen by accident. The answer is given at the end of each problem, however, for convenience. Parts of the book are based on the author's previous work Electrical Engineering Problems with Solutions which was published in 1954.

Abstract: I. The Roots of Peacetime Propaganda -- II. The Official Information Services -- III. The Central office of Information -- IV. The British Council -- V. The BBC External Services -- VI. Supervision of British Propaganda Programmes -- VII. Comparing Approaches: the United Kingdom and the United States -- Appendix. Estimated Cost of Overseas Information Services 1973-74 -- selected Bibliography.

Abstract: The systematic use of propaganda is very much a phenomenon of the 20th century. Through the years, kings, political leaders, and statesmen have often made use of what might now be called "propaganda tech­ niques" but it is only within the present century that the use of pro­ paganda has been developed as a systematic instrument of national and foreign policy. Nonetheless, since World War II propaganda has become a regular peacetime instrument of foreign policy for most states, be they large or small. While some considerable attention has been given to the propaganda organisations and activities of the United States and certain Com­ munist nations, especially the U.S.S.R., relatively little has been done on the British approach to propaganda. The present study attempts to at least partially fill that vacuum. A history of the overseas Informa­ tion Services is not undertaken and I will leave that important task to future scholars. Instead I have examined the British approach to the organisation of propaganda and the mechanics they have developed to utilize this instrument of foreign policy.

Abstract: 1 The Political Myth -- 2 Dutch Privileges, Real and Imaginary -- 3 The Black Legend during the Eighty Years War -- 4 Queen and State: the Emergence of an Elizabethan Myth -- 5 The Batavian Myth during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries -- 6 ‘No Popery’ in the Reign of Charles II -- 7 The Myth of ‘Patriotism’ in Eighteenth-Century English Politics -- 8 Oliver Cromwell’s Popular Image in Nineteenth-Century England -- 9 The Rise and Progress of Tory Democracy -- 10 Mythical Aspects of Dutch Anti-Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century.

Abstract: AS Dr. Coen Tamse points out in the introductory essay specially written for this volume, what we call myths are all too often the errors and misconceptions of others. Time being short and human un­ derstanding imperfect, it is wise to suppose that posterity will convict us all of thinking and acting in some sort within mythological uni­ verses; only a dead myth is by common consent recognized as a false reading of reality. And yet, in our troubled century, we have witnessed the deliberate fabrication of mythologies, apart from the inheritance of earlier growths like those which still feed nationalism and anti­ Semitism. It almost looks as if mass democracies positively require neatly packaged and emotionally charged explanations of the social and political environment as a substitute for religion. At all events, the modern science of public relations has advanced far enough for cer­ tain regimes, or for those who seek to overthrow them, to make a calculated appeal to the vanities, anxieties and frustrations of ordinary people by offering highly simplified explanations of a baffling world, often in easily grasped pictorial or dramatic forms, whether the object is to condition obedience or incite to 'struggle'. The advent of the mass media is generally, if unfairly, taken to have opened limitless new op­ portunities for the manipulation of our thought-processes, even below the threshold of consciousness.

Abstract: I: The stages in general -- II: Gestation -- III: Infancy -- IV: Childhood -- V: The primary school years -- VI: Adolescence -- VII: Youth -- VIII: Early Manhood -- IX: Maturity -- X: Later middle age -- XI: Old age -- XII: Senescence.

Abstract: 1. Introduction: Thomas Mann’s Dialectics -- 2. The Female Principle in a Woman: Clavdia Chauchat -- 3. An Early View of the Male Realm: Gustave Aschenbach -- 4. Doctor Faustus: Culmination of the Male World -- 5. Male and Female in Actual Artists—Mann on Goethe and Schiller -- 6. Double Image as a Dialectical Device -- 7. Love: A Possible Synthesis -- 8. Conclusion.